The New York Herald Newspaper, October 18, 1860, Page 4

4 ADDITIONAL FROM EUROPE. Arrival of the New York and the Arabia’s Mails. Reinforcement of the French Forces af Rome. the vived Napoleon Ke to Protect Vatrimouy of st. Peter. Gallant Conduct of the Irish Brigade in Lealy, THE REBELLIUC IN CHIN Our Constantinople and Florence Correspondence, &e., tec. The steamship New York, Captain Von Sauteu, from Southampton October 8, arrived at this port at six o'clock yesterday morning The Furopean mails to the 6th inet., browght by the Arabia, reached tis city from Bostoa at a late hour last night. ‘The main points of the news by these arrivals bave already been published The steamsaip America arrived at 30th of September, and at Liverpool on M The steamship Pavaria arrived al Cow of the 29th of Septeaor nenstown om the ay, Oct. 1 on the even: Car tity he Sardinians O: ¢—Siege of Anco- ' ‘aldini anc The Pro-Dicta- r a Delightfud Vin age—Large Yield—¢ Tourists— it looks a litde too the dictators at Naples wished to b me ators taly. But as there is onsututi Partia: it and a King in the North, it seoms as if it would be safer to let changes of men and y e made by the regular processes, The day 1 1 for the meet ing of Legislature is now only a week ahead. he Ministry, in snkest and loyal manner, » the 1 representatives of the country their account of the condition of affairs and of the course of conduct which has been pur- sued which it is their intention to follow, to be confirmed or conc ned, a + to the wis- dom of the Parl It is the opinion of most people that the will be sustained. No in- ter than that of dismiss. inst his policy, consistency would b ing a Minister, or pronouncing at the moment when that policy was in pro- xe on, Other means will ncile Garil cess of triumphant doubtless be used te While the talk at Naples is of marching straight on first to fight aud drive out the still King from his last stronghold of Gaet attacking Rome, with ite French garris vance of hing Victor Bmunuel’s army from the south, towards the Holy City, is much more rapid. It would not be the most extraordinary thing which has bappene may happen, should receive an order to retire from Rome as t troops of Piedmont approach the city, pared are they to have transferr the duty of taking care of the Holy Father. By various signs which we witness, the conclusion is naturally enough come to that such is the inten- the French soldiers tion. If France will allow Piedmont to march ipon and occupy every other town ex me and Civita Vecchia, no reason in the world can be con id not be risons, ve temporal power of the certainly from the moment that the are cat off by which alone that power His Holiness cannot fish and the other A sos with which to ceived why the » she given up to out of sustaia mi his cause, siege of Ancona Idin master ot that 8 of the ap- as pro-dictator e. but is ngs in that quarter more to an adjastmeat such a s Naples of per it of wil affairs haries Ci or ved with favor of a tendency ore unfavoral Jesired The chan ed with ous posts is Pallavicino Trivals the chief place, wit n the direction of this part of Italy. en »>een, which bear. of the sun Jearer and p iat any othe the year. Indeed, the weather, and the whole as pect of earth and sky, are hard] utiful fast bow than what you ure enjoying } Indian summe t v 1 t finished, and the yield is 1 any season for the p ne Fears hopin em r cueap wine overy of its inde consolation of the ¢ all their great water p ad now the ng upon fresh figs. a dozen ¢ may be bought f ts the poun one indalges pretty freely iu ather begins to bring b jes and the shady va 4. With these ion of incom tomn trave «. It is expected th be pretty fall of foreigners the cor the matter is already re by the large nu ber of hb . os Ewing Cooley New York that portion of the vast Pucet Palace which was ¢ of the late Austrian Ambassador. Our Consul General, Me. Bdward Mallett, b blished himself in the Pa fini Pala Htnl, in ite exterior ga and the Florentine pala an ancient historic house, plan was made by Raphael. It now r decoration, given to it by our nat flag: the shield and flag, 1m has grown up on the shor discovered at the time this ho satisfvction to know that our ¢ one established under the things, and, in fact, the only ove w been opened. Interesting from Tarkey. OUR CONSTANTINOPLE CORRESPONDENCE. Constartixorne, Sept. 12, 1900. Zeal and Energy of the @ d Vizier. Russian Intriques and That of De Western )) rers— The Proposed Dememberment of Tur Ibu Kt Is To Be Divited—Uy ee Stay ant and Money Scarce—Puad Pacha's Syria— Proposed vival of Death of Mr. Johnston, Ui Conant Henry General rave Chorges The Grand Vizer, Mebo Pacha continues bis visit to the sof the ft pit nd ts doing m ‘ aod NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 18. of the Sultmn's subjects. It is said bere that he has found abundant preof of the intrigues of the Bus sian government to rouse dis orders fin these pro- vinces, especially through the Greco-Rassian clergy. From Prestina, in Albania, his Highness proceeds to Bosnia, and wiil probably thea be re- called to this capital. Notwithstanding that there is not the least occasion for it, the Russian govern- ment bas arged upoa the allied Powers, in connee- tion with the late outbreak in 4yria and the nomi- nation of the commission of investigation appointed to Ug the perpetrators of the atrocities committed there, to allow the Czar’s troops, as ever, to occupy the twe provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia, aud the soldiers of these same provinces to occupy Bulyuria, This denotes mistrast on the part of Russia of the Anglo-French entenie and the policy of Austria, aod clearly shows also that the Ozar fs not yet understood with Louis Napo- leon on the sabject of Turkey. The pro- jected disinemberment now spoken of here is to give the two principslities above named to AustriaConstantinople to be a pert put under a joint protectorate; Russia to take af of the ruins of Kars and Erzeroum, &c.; France Syria, aud Eugisnd Egypt. The islands of the Archipelago—quise small bones of the turkey—are to be ‘‘snaMied up” by Greece and Sardinia—or perhaps even tho United States, which, it is generally believed, is a to eet an island for their naval forces in the Archipelago. You will be surprised to learn that by this arrangement England is to get Haypt, inclu. sive of Lesseps and his wonderful canal; but such is really the case. Indeed, aoy one who has ob served the foreign policy of Great Britain will reudily see that she will ‘go her death’ on the point of keeping Egypt from Fraace, aud this th wise Louis Napoleon well kaows. Comm is quite stagnant here. The reecipts of the Custom House ere being very in-iguilicaut, and itis not seen how the Porte can co: iteel’, It pays ite city troops a and the Baltan’s copper coins from r fragments, The circulation, and the exch. support possible, making cop in paper currency eon London is indecd agein rising, though this is due to the poverty of the coautey aad the abacace of trade than to the incresse of the paper moc Why the J in the capital bank or sub-trea y, with the power of emittio notes which would circulate throaghont the whole extent of the eaipire, is pot sera. The Ortonen Ministers think that the pecuniary difficulties of Austria and Russia are due to their immense paper currency, and endesvor not to fall into the same snare, sia is quive bankrupt, and her best troops have not been paid fur Fuad Pacha ¢ by months erg measures i Syria with + His conduct has in- spired a wholes read of him throughoat all the Southern provinces of the Salum. It said that he has recommended the ren Faustern Institntion of the Bastinado that its abolition by the Sultan harm among a people whose violence is in the ratio of the power given em vera thenm- selves It might do good in more couatries thaa this, where perturbers of the pubhe peace are more numerous than patriots, and suuunary justice effects much good. Religious diderences are the bane and blight of country, and are even more disastrous thao me political could be partly to the feet of the le cannot reach them. We have heard with moch pain the death of Mr. Jobaston, lately appoiiuted Consul General for the United States at Gus capital, it is said that he leit the United States in ill health, and after reaching Malta with his family was competled to proceed to Italy, where he died at Florence. His long ex- perience in the affairs of the government in the De- parunent of State, rendered him peculiarly fitted jor the now important post of Consal neral here. The number of American ettizens here an- naally increases, and the jurisdiecion possessed by the ( onsalate Gen over them, in all civil aud criminal cases, renders it highly necessary that the Consol should be a gentleman thorough education, with a considerabli of law, steady and correctin bis condact and ¢ teons to his fellow countrymen. By all m 1 be a native American citizen, for the worst juences ensue fromthe apovintuent of for- igners, or even paturalized citizens, possessing wore interest in the filling of their pockew (han ia the wellare and standing of the government of the United States. ‘There is a strange tale in circulation here re- pectiog the Britis Ambassador, Sir Henry Bal utinues hi uch success. ad believes as done much uh med by the use of tae bastiando ders of the people when law wer, wiich his friends are indisposed to believe. | is said thathe has become embroiled in the at. | It dethrone the preseot Sultan, Atd-ul vor of brother, Abd-al-Azziz, and that the Sultan has asked his ti by the Queea, Tae well known pol of the British government to siu Tarkey, uader any Sultan, readers such a uree on the ‘part of its Ambassador perfectly useless, and if it really proves to be the case, it will certainly also tarn out to be a personal indis- cretion of Sir Henry Balwer, like that comumitved ly him in Spain, for which its sovereign demanded lus recall. of the Soltan’s sons-inlaw, Fl Hami a grandson of Mehemet Ali Pach has lately died here, very sudé stroke of apoplexy. eroyalty of Egypt, and a rival of the present Viceroy, Said Pacha. He was extremely rick, and possessed large estates in Egypt. He -poke English very fluently, having had an English barse to attend bim when a child. The Saltan has other daughters, married, oll to persons of whose male children, by court rule, are not ‘mitted to live, and so increas’ the number of auts to the throne. One The railroad between the little town of Kus- tenji, on th i Sea, and the Danube, has at last been finis and commenced operations. This is designed for the purpose of carrying goods ors during the season of ice, when the n. The railroad from Smyrna to FLECTION OF LORD MAYOR OF LONDON. Savursay , Sept. 29, Str, Wallm Gubit, M. P., Alder: oa Lord Mayor of Loutoa man and ie tor» Monger, War eiee ore CHURCH IN Pants. pwular cbareh in Maris, ia connection with h in Scotland, was opened on Suaday fret instance tn Europe in which the os Sootland bas ataicd berself of the + conferred on her, ta common with ot pugiand, Dy the Coucuiar act, THK HARVEST IN IRRLAND, ‘The weather contioues tine apd seasonable, ant should {t eudare a litte longer ail the crops ia weil circum | Manced districts will be quite eafe. PRINCE NAPOLRUN'S VISIT TO [RELAND. His Imperial Highness left Dai on Saturday morning © Galiuation. The Prince retarped again to Lablin tae ening, And tmmediately proces ted to Kiog* ore he embarked, with his suite, oa board ha It eucpamed that the Prinoe has gose to Gurs. (RALTH OF THR BARL OF DERSY. The Loadou 7imer is reyoteed to Rear that tt i stated, Coe nutbority of the medical atteadaats of the Kart of Dy, that bie tordabip has persed throagh tia dea # stage of (he attack by with he was assauied, and that De is progressing rapidly towards recovery. NANA SAGIB. we Rovga! Murkerm cays that the Nana bas loomed 4 1) /allve, Dut out of resel. yey OF RAILWAY ACCIDENTS, 1c the 30th of Jume inst, the Great eo lees a tam than LOSE dente aod lowes —A letter from Touloe of the . SEHOUEOSS the formation Of a few paral dirt nd the deepatch of freed troops ty Rome. Rene ad Paria # to retarn to France. He will take com mand of the screw shine of the Moe Rylaa ant Ponteuay, and the stam frigate Fondre. Mis division ia to bo ata. Toned at Towon, to he recy for any event which may frise. A division of 1,000 men is to leave Tro'on at on08 tor Civita Veochia, aod {t is coosidered probable that an- other divieion wil! shortly forlow, France Panis, Sept. 50, 1800, | The Monitew= contains the following — | The has dec ied upon \intediately reintreing the corps of occupation at Rome, hy eeudiog § division of , infantry, two squadroes of cavalry and @ battery of ar- tulery The Se> nian powers ment | co informed that Ge. DeRRI Gay. Paw FeCeivr Hasiroesy #8 MUNBORIRINg him to evtend Bb top #0 fer ef the military coaditios to when it ie t ty Hy ior aoe e it only appertas- 10 the great 04 E7608 to pronowece onee for ali on the queations wotien Dave ariven in itely ot of late evente; but anttl thea tow foveremens of the Emperor, in conformity with tae mie fit han Imposed on tteelf, will onetinas to die Ue dottos resgiting from 14 eV Mpathinn wi y Father end from the presen flag to tive cay tal rf the Te lore comtalaed the e@ doos not establish a | wal of the old | ewhere, much of which | assurance that nobody «plored more the cour taken ‘by’ =a Under stances, however, th» we of force, ‘hg, would bat aggra vais evil, be to make this “patrimony,” proj erly go called, comprising a po ¥ lation f 420.000 bo 1, and including Rome, Civita Vvo- chia and Viterbo. Marshal Vaillant, the defender of Rome in 1949, will, in | ane of saad, Rapane She semtnins (e-entet of = arny of occupation, the patrit of St. Peter threatened by Garibaldi or piedmont.” Pari, Oct. 1, 1860 M. Thouvenel while at Ajaccio, insisting that a more efficacious urotec. tion should be granted 1 the Pope. Since tae return | of the Emperor apd the reply given to the Dako | de Cadore, M. Thouvene! has withdrawn his resignation. — The London Times Parix correspoodent eaye:— ‘Tae panic created in the commercial world by the in- ‘vasiou of the Papal States bas in some measure en>- | deo, now that it ie seen that the Austrian government | Jooket quietly on while the Papal army was destroyed. 1k was feared that Austria woul! bave defended the I’aval ould have brokeu ‘The immesiate daoger that was dreaded hw thus Ginappeared, as French tratesmen bave been obliged for fome Months part to | rom Gay to day; they will go ov in the old way wotil some new cause of alarm shall arise, =n the mesotime commercial transactions are very much restricted, partiouarly tu the mauafacturtag towns. ay 30, 1360 rE, it. 80, 1! The / saya: yeaa as Independence Belge saye:— The poritotio of Lamortciere bas fallen into the hands of General Fanti, K contains letters of the most compro- misig character, and the mort positive proofs of nume- rous wtrixues eDtered tuto with the legitimist and even the red republican party, against the governinont of Na- Prxvata, Sept. 80, 1860 The whole population of Sabina aad Lario Pave risen to the cry of “tinanvel forever.” The Chasseare of the ‘Tiber Bave defeated the Foutifeal gondarmex, and dave hovsted the Hatian dag op the ieft side of the Tiber. Generel #: \guon’s columu is advancing. The Neapolitan population of the frontiers are implor- ing the protection of Emanuel | "The King beid © military review to-day wt Bologna. | Hie Mayerty wil leave to-morrow for the other parte of | tbe cy | Grewt irritation prevails at Rome | Tremere, Sept. 30, 1860, | The reason nesigned for the orver to extinguish the | hebts en the Venetimp coast im that Garidaldi’s agent se- | orctly cutered the lagoons ut uignt Wu Order to take sound 1oge j x Turn, O Victor Eoapuel will pase the night a | leave emorrow for Raveuus, where be wii st 1.1980. ti, avd will embark for ¥ The capitoration at Ancona are uot yet The Sarcinians tuuad 140 causons aad nit, state that the new comprises Sigauri Bianco, ‘ “amin, Oot. The Patri snrounces ae + Ait Emanuel, after yoeed owards the Neapoti- vane news,and adds:—It ie Gi visions are about to eater the king | MANIFESTO BY MARZINT. A manifesto by Mazziui, headed, “Neither Apos- | tates nor n issued. The fullowing | are the coucluding passages: Y mn the Liberty of saytog, not that a republic is m of Naoies wos, ooght to be mastera of our own country: we cao be so if we all wish it; that our liberty is | there oo the polat of our and in the firm resolu Hon of our souls; thai it if not in the ceansels and acts of Franee and Chaveeries\ To make it dependent apoo @ whim of Louis Nay it, to ritk iosing 1¢ agaio,uud to declare onrselyes un- worthy of it We claim the liberty of eaying that between the pro- | gitame of Cavour and that of Garivaldt we prefer the | atrer; but without Rome and Veulce there isno Italy | thai, excepting the war of 1859. provoked by Austria, | 4oo Maintalwec, wt the price of Nice and Savoy, by the | Orme of the Ra oeror of (ae Frecch; excepting the tava. sion of the Roman provinces, provoked by ua, by a neces- Bity Wicd Wo created, oo inttintive of Italian eaancipa- | Hoo beionge to the programme of Cavour; that Rome and | Venice wii remain elavew of tbe stranger if the tasurrec Hop aod war of the woiuutcers does aot restore thea to ree orn. | __ We cial the liberty of saying that a free and waited | conntey will pot be formed by auaexing this or that ovince to Predmout bat by amaigematiog Piad- vot and all the provicces of lialy, apd Italy with Rome, which is tts centre aud ‘heart; that the immediate avnexation of the conq pro- Vindes that have acquired liverty, by placiog them under Ube pre of Cavour, and ‘taking them away Crom she movement, ay the strengiy etry from the bands of him who wishes to em. ploy them weil, to plate them in the haadeo’ a may who eto condemn them to inactioa, aud for a time to the ci patriouic wea claim this aad potning eise. Refute, but do Jomniats, 9 wot ya silitly or wickedly repeat » work for a republic, when for two yours we have Do not obstinately judge us gus. [> vot repeat, blind servants of any ete, ofirmation® a buodred timer dented | by facus Do not cxette against of, by perddious false hoods, the fap owe to ue in agreat meeaure w ol and what they have acbierst by wouy buee weapon of vile cowardi.s. | Relief without investigation is the wont of idiots | ADDRESS OF THE NEAPOLITANS TO VICTOR FMANUES. The following address to Victor Emanuel, Kiag of Italy, has been numerously signed at Naples: — Sire are our Kivg Reoret matings; we have saluted you f Pisces: * Dave proclaimed you by rising ia the Dictator Giuseppe Garibaldi, whowe loyal to bis courage, and bie courage to bis forte Naples with the words Victor Raanuel deecendants are your Ki and the Kiogs of hire, why showld we be the lest of the Ttahane to receive aod welcome you im the bosom of our couvtry? Why snould we bs the last 10 enjoy the bevete of « government tn whicu all the prinetples of liberty, order, progress ena stability which you represeot, ere the rule and gnatantes 0! We Cave all elected you in our tineer forming gnided by your etrength of your arm dol tana, Sept. 29, 1660. To day the members of the Council were received by the Rmperor tp foal audience. Toe Enpecor acdreseed th m as follows: — Thave beard with gatis'action the repeated expressions of your love for eur esuvtry ant of your loyalty as eab- Jjecta, IT condoently expect that my resolution respecting your views will, when promulgated, wect with ready copeurrence, and that iy good iuteutions will be grate | | fully ackmowledged — j alse expect that the toauguration of popular institutions will ootaln your energetic sup. port. Viewxa, Sept. 30, 1860. ‘The Ten has tent by telegraph to Qaeea Victoria And Prince Albert bie sincere exp-essioaa of condoleace epon the demise of the mother of Prince Albert Vonwwa, Oct. 1, 1800, Nomerons arresta bave taxen piace io Hungary oa ac- cont of the dissemination of revolutionary prociama- took | ‘The military classes of 1940, 1839, 1898, 1837, 1896, | compriaing Yourg men of the age of eixteen Yours, have been called to forvice, The lovy will tertainate oa the | Slet December rext. | Tarmere, Oct. 1, 1960. | According to advices received tere from the oom: | der in chief of the French troops at Beyrout, be hae | declared to Fusd ache that be bas received orders frow | Varia to place himaelt at his disposal, and to act eocording | to the inatrnctions agreed upon on the loth att, at Joa | } = between the Porte aad the fureign represea- | Fheee \netroctions state that the Furopean Commission of Inquiry could not claim any legitimate or ex i powers, the same deing exclusively reserved to the RX. Iraordinary Commestouer or the Sultan the Pope's Irten Bet Spou | [Prom the correspoadence of ine Dubin Morning Ne va.) | There cannot have been much more than 700 or 800 men, if so many, in Spoleto, while the attack- ing force was at least 15,000 or 20,000 men. A council was held, and. of course, instantaneous sur- render was proposed by some as the most military course in the face of such odds. © Keilly, at least, for the Irish in the garrison (two companies, 260 men), utterly declined to be a ye to any sach roceeding, and declared that the man who would ke upon himself to even announce such a step to his men would run the peril of his life. The conn- cil, Lean gather, was violently distracted on the point of capitulation or no capitulation; but ultimately an express was sent wo Rome, to the Minister of War, annonncing that it was resolved to defend the town as best they conld, and, that come what might, the Irish companies were resolved to hold the cita- del till the coarler returned. or blow it into frag~ ments. In the morning the Irish at dawn went to mass, and | believe every individual man among them approached Holy Communion. In an hoar or two afterwards they were called upon to meet the foe. The Sardinians poured in throngh two of | the chief streets, attempting at first no’ of 4 | eaononade, and evidently confident of pet the pune against such a mere handial of men at the payonet’s point. They reckoned rashly. Por hours they were held at bay, Little, of course, id be done in the streets neh a amall body st 10,000 oF 12,000 mon; and, at last, pressed Herote Conduct } | ag | on eve point, O'Reilly threw himself iato the make the lust stand for ife or death a! the outer gate for 1360.—TRIPLE SHEET. was not a who did not feel that he had taken his stand there to die, They threw themselves upon the walls, and from the tattered loopboies rained “ the leadea hail” with deadly eflect upon the besiegers. But those old walla proved miserable defences, and the enemy, after a brief bat deadly svuggle of ths kind, soon, with cries that rent the air, dashed at the old gete. A crash, @ roar, and @ petard blows itinto fragments. ‘Then the struggle commenced | ed. In poured the besiegers into the outer | yard, which I should mention doa not appear to | belong to the citadel proper. However, a bloody reception met them there. The Irish had two gans, | loaded with grape, planted inside in a position commanding the entrance, and no sooner was the | Picdmontese column seen through the smoke of the gateway than a murderons fire was opened, mowing them down literally ike corn before the sickle. Again, again, again the besiegers dashed | through the gat gain, again, and again a per- fect hail of gray ot from the two pieces in the yard, and musketry from the citadel walls behind, met them from the Irish inside; while shouts that would stir many a beart at home in lreland, | lainly told that the brave fellows felt bat | But too well the honor of Lreland was on the | awful stake of the day. It was midday, and the | outer yard was still uncarried, and the citadel it- self behiad untouched; but all this was uot fated to last much longer. The Piedmontese brought up a piece or two themselves, and after the first dis- charge poured en sasse through the gate. My informant asserts that of the heroic Irishmen who fought those guns inside not one man escaped Yhey asked no quarter and they received none; they fought across the carriages of the pieces; they were bayonetted at their posts. This, however, was but the oater yard, and the heavy price at which it had been carried suggested to the be- seigers an easier and more certain way of dealing with the citadel than risking another vain glorions effort at assault or essalade. They drew off. andin an hour opeued fire from their heavy ar- tillery, planted on the small hills outside, at a distance at which the oid metal in the fortress was utterly unable toeven #0 much asreply. [no less than half wn hour two breaches were made, A measage was sent by the Medmontese commander, offering them the honors of war if they surrendered. O'Reilly made his answer ia the midst of his men, and amid its that one would have thought proclaimed a victory, not the desperate resolve of men rejecting their sole chance of life. ** Rsturn,”’ said ( ily, and tell your commander that we are Irishmen, and that we hold this citadel for God | and the Pope, The Irish who serve the Pope are | ready to die, bat not to surrender.” Tho white | flag returned, but if O'Reilly imagined the i dinions would give hin a chance of a fight at the | breaches he w nch mistaken. The fire opene: once more, and now it became plain that the plan about to be adopted was to bury the piace in ruins | by their long rasyge guns, while the Irish could d nothing bat look helplessly on, their pieces being of nothing like the same calibre. A second sum- | mons to surrender was made, and the sume answer returned. By three o'clock there were tive breaches effected: in fact, t i At this | juncture Pap: gate, with authority that leit O'Reilly no resource but obedience hether an answer had reached from Monsigaore de Me- rode I cannot say, but itis so asserted and is proba- ie—ordered him imperatively to capitulate. ¢ O'Reilly sent out the white flagbearer. nians undertook to let the Trish march oul with the honor. of war an undertaking, howew made at all, not kept bloody stru ings of grief and distractic dent illustrates cariousty companies were drawn uy inside, and the Sardi- nisns fling m according to terms of capitulation, one of our countrymen, u terly unable to brook the sight, seized & large jar, bottle or other vessel | of some sort which chanced to be lying by, and with one blow all but brained oue of the Sardi- nians, {t was the work of a moment, when the impetnous Celt and one of his companions, who made a stroke in his defence, fell before a platoon, riddled with bullets, The rest is soontold. O'Reilly ners were marched off next day (o ing News also publi following private letter: — Rome, Sept. 19, 1860, Many crimes of the blackest hue have been per- petrated since I wrote last. The condact of the | Sardisian government has been most ate: troops, without the shadow of a pretext, out any declaration of hostil » hav vaded, like robbers and banditti, the Pope's States, aad seized on several towns and fortresses. Perugia was attacked by two columns—one of 20,000, the other of 25,009 Sardinians. The garri- son made aa heroic resistance, bat over | powered by brate force. General Sclimidt was | wounded and made prisoner, A compaay of the Trish brigade shared the fate of the general, the two officers who commanded, Blackney a Lather, have been carried, it is reported, to Pic mont. The column of the Pope's army commanded by Colonel de Carten has covered itself with glory. 1 numbered about 1,000 men—Italians, Belgians and one con of the Irish from Ancoaa. The eolo- nel set ieve Pesaro, Finding Fessombrone occupied by the Sardinian troops. reed them at the point of the bayonet, and drove them like a flock of w fi inding the Sardinian ermy that was attacking Pesaro to strong, he made a most masterly retreat, ing lus way trough a body of 6,000 Piedmuntese that thought to intercept him, bringing back to Ancona inssfety Doth men and artillery. At Perugia there was very severe Sighting before it surrendered, and one of the grandsons of the celebrated De Maistres was either killed or wound- ps a. We have had as yet no details of the losses of the Irish, who fought with their usval bravery. Spoleto—that is, the towa—was easily taken by the Sarg Major O'Reilly and some of the Irish threw them- selves into the citadel and sent a message to Rou that the, the fortress rather than surrender it to the Sardinians. Monsignore M ‘rode however, seeing that the garrison conld not hold out for a long time, sent the most positive orders to Major O'Reilly to surrender, and he and his eon. pany were thus made prisoners. Mrs. O'iReilly was with the Major in the fortress. Terni and Narui have also been occupied by the Rardinians. ‘The Pope's regiment, called the Guides, that ov- cupied Terni, has returned te Rome; bat it is now | said that all the Pope's troops, according ax return to Rome, will be disarmed by the Freacn. | Bo you see the comedy is coming to an end, aad tie Eimj is about to throw off the mask. Probably, | in imitation of his uncle, he will usurp the sove- | reigoty of this city, or proclaim his son King of the Romans. The unfortunate man onght to remom- ber Eiba and St. Helena. We have no account whatever of General Lamo- riciere, but it is feared that, overwhelued by num- bers, he will not beable to achi aay exploit worthy of his former fane. Rome is oow full of hideous looking fellows, and many of the assassias of 1848 are beginaing to appear. May God pro- tect us, The Papai a Over the Marches. + (From the Lowdoa Moroiag Post.) We had occasion, three days ago, to reproduce in our colamns an extremely able paper which ap- peared originally in the Nazione, of Florence, on the present state of that portion of Central Italy | commonly called the Marches. Bat the specula- tions of the same writer on the successive steps by which the Coart of Rome contrived to establish « temporal sovereignty on the rains of the free com: munes and petty principalities throws so mnoch light on the questions now at iasue respecting the pretensions and the power of Rome, that our | readers, we fool assured, will feel gratefal at hay- ing them likewise brought under theie notice. From the internal evidence of the paper itself, wo have very little doubt of its bear from the pen of the same advocate, Gennarelli, who, by his ¢ li- torship of the ee eee during Signor Parini's administration Bologna, has rendered signal services both to the interests of italian pro- and to those of historical inquiry. The arti- cle treats of the rise of the Papal sovereignty in the Marches in the following term: The Court of Rome, which has always endeavor- ed to create rights and put forward claims for the parpore of putting them in force as soon as the propitous moment should arrive, acted in the same way with the Marches of Ancona. After the imagina- ‘¥ donation of Constantine it inventedthe donations of Pepin, of Charlemagne, of St. Henry and na- merous others, with their respective conlirmations, and to that epoch it causes its titles to domination to ascend; and, as if these were not enongh., it created spontaneous offers and surrenders ofgpower on the part ofthe people preceeding the dona- th ——— tt Bab ae not even | e been necessary er tithes possessed any foundation in fact. Meanwhile the people | of the different provinces, knowing nothing what ever of the sw lers of power which they were alleged to have made, and diy ignorant that they were, or could be, the subjects of a dona- tion, kept pursuing their own course and governing themselves in @ popular fashion without recog: nizing a primacy of any kind whatever in any pet As regards the Marches of Ancona, when ¢ Court of Rome had set its heart on obtaining ssion of them, it began by frequently sending in the thirteenth century a Preside, with ‘aathority over all those provinces. This Preside might be | regarded in the same light with a bishop in parti. | bus, because his aathority was recognized or re- | spected by nobody: aed when he was refused hospitality in t great ¢ he was obliced to take up his quarters in Macerata—at that time an | insignificant place, enhject sometimes to the olty of Fermo, at other times to that of Cansacnines and when be had the crotohet of exere earnest his repudiated jurisdiction the cities, both far and near, took ap arms, and proceeded to drive him away from Macerata. In the thirteenth century it was thought by In- nocent VI. that the time had at length arrived to conquer all the recalcitrant, and with this aim he despatwhed from Avignon into Italy Wardinal Egi- dio Albornoz. At one a politician and a warrior, making use of every artifive, hiring mercenaries, forming alliances, creatiag rivalries between diffe Tent poiiacal factions and between ruling houses, sowing broadcast titles and excommunications, Al- bornoz sneceeded in subduing cities, ia desiroying families, in planting, now in one district and now in another, the standard of the Holy See, and ia obtaining oaths of allegiance. But it was aut ia his power to suodue and vanquish the natace of things. As the apostolic aathority which he wish ed to impose on those provinces was rejected by the same, it coutinued oaly as long as it was im- posed by force, and it ceased on the departare of Albornoz. Foreseeing what would hap- made at Coblentz for the meeting between her jesty and the Prince Regent of Prossia, and 4 Tous sete of apartments have been taken different ci will arrive (rom Berlin in a few days. en, he wished by some great jocument to establish a right which remain in force as a new title would of sovereignty in favor of the Court of Rome, He , framed a code for the vhole of that province, and — having summoned a great popular Parliainent in the city of Fano, he promulgated it And caused it to be accepted at this great meeting. This com- pai of laws, from the name of its author ~ Egidio Albornoz—is known to the learned uader the title “‘Constitationes Agidiany.”’ But in this circumstance we are struck by a fact which historians have left unobserved. ~ Whilst this code was imposed by the Papal Legate on the Picene province, all the cities, all the commanes, drew up ther own charters, and treated the laws of Cardinal Albornoz as a dead letter, The Coart of Rome continued, after this epoch, to send— though at long incervals—the Presidi aforesaid; bat, as we have stated, obedience was everywhere refused to them, and the government remained in the hands of the communes, with all the rights of sovereignty. Down to the time of Pope Innocent VIL, the Ponaas when they wished to be service- able to any friend or partisan in the provinces, re- commende 1 him to the favor of some one of the communes. However, whilst the facts were so, the Court of Rome was always aiming at the extension and contirmation of what it put forward as its rights, although those rights could not be exercised in consequence of the unanim aversion of the people. {t accordingly had printed, in L472, at desi, the ‘ Constitutione them to be reprin These two editions ar rians, #0 that it is Perugia in Last, brfal if more than fo ur or tiv copies have been preserved, which are now buried | in so many different libraries. Subsequently, until the time of Cardinal di ‘arpi, at least fourteen edi- tions were published, all of them, includiag the first two, in the possessio': of the writer of this articl But ia treating of this thing, few perhaps at quainted with the wicks eaployed by the part of Rome, It took something away trom, or it added | something to, each successive edition of the code in order that the righis of the Moly See might be more fully established, and in orler that titles | might be increased, to legitima’e, in some degre the future vsurpations wach they foreshadowed. In this fact we have the historical explanation of the extreme scarcity of the tirst two editions, Taey were withdrawn trom circutation, and, as far as possible, suppressed by the t of Rome, to which the thought of their being col be later editions must have been extrem: able. Nor, indeed, was such a tash a3 nor, indeed, could it have t undertaken before the present time—before fortanate and almost ta- credible events had combined to put a sing! iu possession of ali the dornacnts that ougnt to be examined —and unless this min had possessed the patience to enter into suca an examination. Meanwhile the Court of Rome tried every means to meddie in the atlairs of the proviace, Tae following is an example:—As the citizens of Amandoia, in the province of Ascoli, were divided into hostile factions, the Pope at oace sent, as pacificators, Dominican monk anda prelate, Mon- signore Niccolo Buonaparte. And they effec the objects of their missio the authors of a charter whi citizens. But even in this charter, it the mere forms of languag re remains vested in the people themselves Rome only assumes the semblance of the right ia proposing this pacific mediation, in putting herself forward, and in employing phrases capable of being twisted in the course of time as authoritics and precedents for her jent sovereignty. This happened in 1469, and the Buonoparte w question was a member of the very family which now rules in France: so that the carlicst législator known to have Leionged to the Buonaparte family achieved his task in the Marchos of Ancona, These Papal arts were at inst onsucecasfal The people paid no attentton to them; # little, indeed, that we positively are aware how in 1484 the communes were not merely in pos- session of their own simple or mixed government, but that, even in spiritual matters, they did not acknowledge the unjust laws of the Roman ¢ In fact, in that very year the pablic Parliament of Permo intimated to Sixtus 1V. the propriety of re moving Bishop Capranica from his see, because his scandalous condact offended the wh city. Six: tus IV. refused to comply with the request. There- upon the bishop was thrown out of a window and dragged along the street by the infuriated people, without the Court of Rome ever venturing to take vengeance against a commone possessing, like all the others of the province, rights and sovereigaty. The Court of Rome had seither the right uor the power to do so. The minutes of the proceedings, the speeches de- livered by all the orators, the resolutions of the Parliament, are still in existence, and they com- pletely exclude every idea of sovereignty under supreme authority in the Holy See, he same thing holds good of the other decrees of other cities; and the acts of the Council, pre- served at Gubbio in eighty parchment volumes, supply incontestable proofs of this fact. The ar- chives of all the communes attest the same. ‘The first true and real conquesta were made by Alexander the Sixth’s son, Urwr Borgia, by the success of his arms and by the massscre of the ep families then ruling in their cities aad in their castles. After that epoch conquests fol- lowed — conquests; varivas revolutions were repressed; several cities recognized the sovereiga- y of the Holy See, but according to the conditions of the bi-lateral treaties—treaties that limited to a lofty and beneficent dominion the royal rights. The conventions preserved the archives and in the histories of those commuces, and the decrees of the court of Rome, in express and flagrant vio- lation of all the pacts agreed to when considered in connection, completety invalidate all the rights acquired by the Holy See; for it is an elementary principle of law and justice that, with the non- comp! of the stipulated conditions, the con- tract loses all its force. And it might even be affirmed that, as the origin of the sovereigaty was marked by @ defective title, the restoration to the Holy See of its Roman provinces was also null and void, becanse the monarchy was illegitimate; nor can any diplomacy legitima e what is illegitimate, or. for validity on» coutract naturally vitiated. Alf those rights and titles, therefore, which lead us f regards sovercigaty as possessing a legal founda- Conwre wanting ia the Papal government for ail a provinces, bot more porticularly aad especiaily for those of the Marches. It would have been some compensation had it endeavored to make its rule acceptable, or even tolerable, by ite kindness, Bat the worst of all stems of laws became more unbearable stilt co hk the personal conduct and bearing of the governors. ere was first the civil goveramentof toe lates; for the most part very young, pro- foundly ignorant of administrative duties, without any previous training, viewing themselves as greater than the laws, ond shamelessly trampling on all justive aod humanity —prelates, who, receiving their inspirations directly from the cardinals, in- flicted on their provinces double evils of aisgovern- ment. Then came the bishops, who with their civil and criminal courts, and with their ms, consti. tuted a second gevernment, whoily indepeadent uf the civil one. od as if these were not enough, the tribunals of the Inquisition formed, in their turn, third covernment, dependen: on an ignoraat and fanatical monk. and not compelled to give any account of their actions except to God at the day of judgment. Such was the history and such the character of the Papal government in the Marches of Ancona. And here we cannot terminate these considerations without calling to mind how, whilst Cardinal Fer- retti was Bishop of Fermo, that city witnessed the terrible spectacle of tortare applied to the moath and tongue of two unhappy creatures guilty of irreverent language in their cups—the torture of Mordacchia publicly inflicted of the whole people; and “ Poenmenti sutla Corte di Roma,” pablished b: the advocate Gennarelli, and, in his book, which is outitled “ I Latu Della Stato Romano,” the facts therein narrated would cause the very stones to were. “ But the honr of God's judgment has at leagth attived, and the execationers have lost yoth the legal | alimoat unknown to histo: | On Thursday many distinguished persousges ar- rived at Gotha, from Coburg, to attead the funeral of the late Dowager Duchess of S5axe-Coburg-Go- tha, and amongst those preseat were the reigning Duke, the Prince Consor: of England, Prince Fre deric William of Prussia, the es Alexander ead Ernest of Wurtemberg, Prince Pailip of Wurtem- berg, the Prinae of Lowenstein, the Government President, and the Chief Ranger of the Fores, von me ae The ral took place at seven o'clock in the morning. As the procession moved towards the church from the apartmen's in the east wing of the palace lately occupied by the deceased, bells of the church announced that the funeral ceremony had commenced. The church, which pe yey palace. was soon reached, when the om was p! al & laced upon an estrade, aud as soon ag el gene had taken their places, the chief cs preacher delivered a funeral oration. After this a bymn wes sung, when the oficiating mai- nister pronounced the blessing, and the coffin was placed tn the vault prepared tor its reception, Besides those alresdy mentioned ws bei seut, all the official and miluary officers aa officials attached to the Court, attveuded the moura- ful ceremony. At the conclusion of the proceedings the — ing Duke, the Prince Cousort, Prince Frederico q hem and many of the other mourners returned to Coburg, where the rest of the day was passed in entire privacy. The guard of honor was formed by the battalion of the line in the service of the Duchy and by the com umial guard, The Court went into mourning on Wednesday, and the theatee at @oburg is ordered to be closed for eight days So numerous is the snite in attendance upon her Majesty that accommodation cannot be fouad for j ail'in the ¢ pilece, and uany are quartered at the Lion Hotet, in the town. pre- Oravgeism to Leino —Protestant Opta- ferns [From the Loucon fimes, Oot 3) The papers of this morniog report at considera | ble vength the proceedings at the adjourned im- | quest on the body of Thomas Murphy, one of the men who fell in the conflict with the Orangemen at Lurgan on the 12th of duly, The result of the ie- quiry has already appeared in the Times, Three witnesses only were examined by Mr. John hae as agent for the father of the deceased, one of them a Mr. Handcock, a magwtrate of the county Ar- magh and a member of the Bstablished Churol, ‘This geptlema.’s opinion of the Orange institution may be gawered from his examioation by Mr, bae:— Mr. Handcock was then sworn, He aid —I am a native of the county Antrim: | have been a long time resident in the county Armagh, and have been twenty two years acting us a magistrate im this district. Isit . tact that breaches of the peace arising from purty feeling are more common in Jaly thaa at any other period of the year? I should say se, Except cases arising from extreme poverty, does not the greater portion of the crime of country ee from party feeling? A very large amount of it, Do you believe it is created to a very great ex: tent and ke pt up dy the Orange Association? { do, Do you consider it would tend to the future peace of the province of Uis‘er if that Urange As sociation were dissolved? I do. rere think. in point of fact, that if it be im tended to pat a stop to the recurrence of such oat rages as which were lately the subject of vestigation, it should be doue Sey or legislative enactment’ | thiak so. So far as regards the Riband Society, have you had occasion to suspect that it exists id Un portiva of it. I have ae: So far as you know, the Catholics have no aso, ciation, either for aggressiou or defence? No, nol in this peighborhooa. ; ‘ou consider there is any pretext for sa) that Grange associations are requisite for seli-de fence? Certainly not. Do you believe that the magistracy and the po lice force are g-nerally adeqate for the protection of all her Majesty's subjects in this distrist? 1 think so. I suppose but for Orange associations bo ave very little todo’ A great deal less te do. The Coroner, himself an ex-member of the Grange brotherhood, was hurdly less emphau¢e than Mr. Handcock in his coudemation of the ia; — In charging tue jury Mi. Atkinson ob; served: — As tar as your verdict is coneeraed, my a will be very simple; but, besides 4 na ~ asked to agree to a resolution on the words ex- me last Wednesday from this place re- specting the Orange pec, [ain not going w vary in the least degree what [ chen ex vaed. fellowes we should be mach better without that society, and, while I differ anch from what were stated aa the reasons for its being abolished, I entertain strongly the opiuion t Christianity has suffer more from that society being connected with the Protestant religion than from any other cause. 1 know from onal experience in connection with & Bible Class and a temperance Society that bot these causes do sufler from the Orange Society; and your personal experience leads you to know that disputes, ill-will, and various other unpleasaat matters which we would giidiy avoid, have from time to time out of party processions, and by the exhibition of drums and flags, and other which, instead of oting peace and good- of ee a ve direotly the eouert effect. ten mioutee returned ts cuure when the falcon foreman said he was r by the rest the jury to ask the Cerceer ft eat wish have aby resoluion to their verdict, some of the jury were Coroner py be them pression to their o oo The Coroner sail he b tion. He left it altogether with ther they would or would not agree to any tion on the subject. Mr. Rae—! only put it to the common sense and discretion of the jury. The Coroner! only left it to to whether such a resolution might or might aot be for the public benefit. The recommendation, any, will not be on — oaths at all, it will be merely an ex} opinion. ‘ou May act on your own kno ae Ey Mr. Rae— of the country; it is to that [am a ling, if You think T have stated what is correct, agree wich me. The jory retired, and after about a quarter of an hour's absence again returned to court, when the foreman handed in a verdict: —''That the deat of the de ‘eased, Thomas M at Lyd barns some person or persons to the: Jury unknown.” "The ale appended to their ver- dict the following: "The | the 'e of the country wi bye ¢ discontinuance of party Mr, Rae—Very well, gentlemen, it will -be for her Ma, "s government to take the requisite measures carry that recommendation inte effect. They know very well how to do it, if they ‘The Revolution In Cnina, ro Pinas. lontoa Timea. Oo 3} We have so little authenticated informati jon con- the Chinese rebels, that th nar- tative by the ley. Joweph Eakins wil booed interest. Mr. Edkins ls by far the suost lousecd toa intelligent of our missionaries in China, bat evea cectatianity te foo “Tleaphoens ‘seceanieeetene The app of tin Chinon nmurgenta re neigh of the foreign at hae has revived the interest Loony aye hae proved tobe the opooket ‘emarisble tm. —— “ Nankin way in this Ys made a * ony at Tanya’ a piace which Hes ou the Shanghae side of the ancient capital, and has beee occupied with a la army by the imperial gene. ‘ime Fortunately for the rebels, the two commuenders, Chane Kwok Jiang and Ho-chon, were at variance. A vict was won. Ho-ehan died, and bis colleagne com itied suicide in the approved Vuigesy gyetuud, by t |