The New York Herald Newspaper, March 10, 1860, Page 6

6 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, —— OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF NASSAU AND FULTON Br. adeanct. Money sent by mai wilt be at the nae I can” Pectage stampa mat receiced as subscription te ERALD two cents per copy, $1 per annum, tas WHEEL HERALD, every ‘tote, giz cente per $5 per annuin; the European Edition every Wodnes tv, Lents per copy, $4 per axnumn to any part of Britnin, ee ens part of tus Continent, both to dnclude postage; ths ‘Edition on the Sth and 0th of each at wt conte 1 80, TH, TAPE URILY HEEALD on Wednesday, at four canis per ” ‘cnnum. ONT ONEIRT CORRESPONDENCE, containing important sncsen, oNotted from _any Of the world, wsed, wl ba paid Fits 1 FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS ARB "al © Requsstap ro Seat au Letrexs ax Pace: a SET OS. 7} NOTICE taken cuonenew: correspondence, We do not onan - - JOR PRINTING sxeculed with neatness, cheapness and de- *s Volume AXV.... ce resesseseseeereee cose NOs 69 AMUPEMENTS THIS EVENING. ACADEMY OF MUSIO, Fourteenth street.—Orrnatic xo Peameric Peatrva Afte.noon-Bveryvsopv’s Fxizno—In aye Oot ov Piace—Jaxny Lino, Event ATALIAN UPERA . Trovators—Enousn Comepy, Tas 001, Foe Scan paL—Misceirangous Concert—Gko, Cunisty's Mixeeecs, NIBLO'S GAR OREN, Broadway.—Parsy Crsctz—Iu wp Ocr or Piace—Inisa Tron, BOWERY fBEATRE, r.—LOve’s Baceivice—Kine’s Gaxzpnaa—O2r9 Piawtation—Niox ox ta Woops. WINTER GARDEN, Broadwi posite Bond street. — Govanxos's Wire—Ivannoes WALLAOK’S THEATRE, Broadway. —Romance or 4 Poor Youre Mam, abazes KXENE'S THEATRE, 624 Broadway.—Jsaxis ENS. NEW GOWERY THEATRE, Bowery —Baipe oF rae Oxo PRONTIRR—MOTHSR GOOME AND THE GOLDEN KGG—Danoua Fearaua. a BROADWAY BOUDOIR, 444 Broadway.—Afternoon and Evvaiog —Tua Hippss Hann, . THEATRE PRANCAIR, £25 Broadway.—Drane De Lrs, BARNIMS AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—After- foun acl Lyscing—Ovtoxoun. BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS, Meobanics’ Hall, 472 Broadwey.— Bonuzsqrrs, Songs, Dances, &o.—We Vous rnom tax Hitts. NIBLO’S BALOON, Broadwe: Sissies ix donas, Danogs, dc —! NATIONAL CONCERT SALOON, National Theatre,— Boras, Dawons, Buaizsques, &o. New York, Saturday, March 10, 1860. y¥.—Guo, Onnstr’s Mix. . Day's New Yeau Cais, The News. ‘The ship De Witt Clinton, Captain Funk, which left Liverpool on the 26th of January, with merchan- Gise and passengers for New York, was discovered achore eight miles south of Squan Inlet, New Jer- sey, yesterday. She lay broadside on the bar. The Quaker City, from Havana, while on her way to New York, saw a number of persons on deck. Boats were being manned from shore to take them of, which it was thought could be easily effected. Captain Shufeldt, of the Quaker City, sent the steam-tug Jacob Bell to the aid of the ship, when off the Highlands. A very heavy snow-storm sud- enly set in about the time of the occurrence of the disaster. The passengers of the De Witt Clinton were all taken on board the pilot boat Christian Bergh, and were probably landed at Quarantine last night. In Congress yesterday the Senate passed a bill granting pensions to the widows of Generals P. F. Smith, Macomb and Riley. A bill was introduced Providing for the enlargement of the Capitol grounds. It was stated that the committees of boti: houses have agreed upon a plan of enlarg- ing and ornamenting the public grounds, The case of Hyatt, the contumacious witness in the Harper's Ferry affair, was taken up Mr. Hyatt appeared before the Senate, and replied in writing to the questions propounded, denying the authority of the committee and ita jurisdiction. Considerable discussion ensued as to whether Hyatt’s volumiaous reply should be read, but the reading of it was ordered by a vote of forty to twelve, and the Secretary completed his task to empty benches. We give the substance of Mr. Hyatt’s paper, together with the remarks of bis counsel, in our report of the proceedings. Finally Mr. Hyatt was remanded to the custody of the Sergeant-at-Arms to await the farther order of the Senate. In the House the special committees on the Pacific Railroad and on the charges against the administration were announced. With one ex- ception they are the same as given in our special despatch yesterday. Mr. Carter endeavored to make some explanation respecting the reception of the Seventh regiment on the occasion of the late inauguration of the Washington statue, but he was decided out of order. The Committee on Printing reported a joint resolution, dividing the printing of the Executive Department between the Senate and House printers; but after along wrangle the sub- jeot was laid on the table by a vote of 98 to 65. Both houses adjourned til! Monday. But little of importance transpiredin the State Senate yesterday. A great portion of the session was ta up in explanations of Senators relative to the caucus upon the Seventh Avenue Railroad bill. Senators Belland P. P. Murphy presented a protest against what they regarded asan undignified course on the part of the majority with reference to the bill, Little notice, however, was taken of the protest, the Senate refusing either to place it upon record or have it read. The bill for aeseasing the damages at the Quarantine fire was passed to a third reading. In the Assembly the New York tax levy was presented. The whole amount is $4,575,219. This, however, is but one of the tax bills. The bill tolling railroads was passed, and several other bills were acted on. We have some additional news from Europe, re- ceived by the Nova Scotian, which arrived at St. Jokns on Thursday. A convention at the Vatican had decided that the King of Sardinia shoatd not be excommunicated from the church, whatever political events might transpire. It was ramored that the King of Sardinia was fomenting insurrec- tion in Naples and Sicily. Severe gales had pre- vailed along the English coast, but we do not learn of any disasters to American shipping. The Excise Commissioners have commenced the issuing of forms for licenses to be taken out daring the present year. They intend to prosecute the business of their commission vigoronsly, and antici- pate a large amount of work. They feel positive that the late investigation dodge at Albany was neither more nor less than a move on the part of the black republicans to place the New York 1 dealers completely at the tender mercy of the Po | lice Board. In the Court of General Sessions yesterday, Judge Russell sentenced Alexander N. Elliotta, convicted of a rape on Kate Dadenhoffer, achild of seven years of age, to imprisonment in the State prison for fifteen years and seven months. ‘The impressions and experience of an independ ent traveler in the principal Southern States, da- fuerrectyping, as it were, the state of public opi- nion in reference to the anti-slavery agitation at the North, as published in another colamn, cannot fail ‘to prove interesting to the mass of our readers. Some valuable hints about hotels and railroads, | and the condition of the slaves, are also given, as | also a description of some of the principal South- ern cities. ‘The Post Office Department gives notice that the fingle rate of letter postage between the United | States and Switzerland, by the Bremen mail, has NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, MARCH 10, 1860.—TRIPLE SHEET. postage on American correspondence transmitted via Bremen, The Quaker City arrived at this port yesterday from Havana, with dates to the Sth inst. Trade Was rather heavy, with a very dull sugar market. The health of the city was good and the weather very pleasant. There was little of interest trans- piring on the island. The people were enthusiasti- cally employed in rejoicing for the Spanish victo- tiea over the Moors. Freights had slightly im- proved. Exchange on New York rated at 2} a3} per cent premium. The United States steamers Crusader and Mohawk were cruising around the island; a’l well on board both vessels, Informaticn has been received at the State De- partment from the United States Consul General at ‘Havana, of the publication of a royal decree grant ing exemption from import duties on steam engines and other manufactures intended to be used in the cultivation and preparation of coffee, which privi- lege has been hitherto enjoyed only in relation to such articles as were imported for sugar planta- tions. We have news from Barbadoes, dated at Bridge- towa on the 18th ult. Our commercial report says :—“ Flonr is not in large supply, and is likely to advance ; last prices 4.45 to 6.56, Codfish in sup- ply, and¥ots 4a 43; large mackerel wanted, Not- withstanding the large quantity of lumber des'roy- ed by the fire, still a fair supply is left, and three cargoes are afloat, all of which will be wanted im- mediately. ‘The weather is favorable and sugar making has commenced; one cargo has alreaoy been‘shipped for London. Exchange on London-- Bank bills at 30 days, $490; 60 days, $487}; pri- vate bills‘at 90 days $480. cotton market yesterday was steady, and the de- cod, ey cclally for lots in transit. The ssies em- braced about 3,600 bales, including 2,600 in transit, closing with steadiness on the basis of 11,0. a 11}<c. for mid- dling uplands. The flour market was firmer, and closed atan advauee, for many descriptions, of Sc. a 10c. per barrel. Southern flour was also betier and more active, including some purchases for export. Wheat was active and firm, end cicsed with a good demand from the tradc and for milling: the sales daring the week have footed up about 43.000 bushels. Corn was quiet at rates given im another column. Pork was lower, with tales of new mess at $18 1254 a $18 25; old, $17 10 A817 26, old prime at $12 60 and new at $14 62); 2 $14 75, Sugars wore firm, with sales of abvut 1,000 hhds,, at rates given in another column. Coffee was firmer, and the etock of Rio was only aboat 5,000 a 5,500 bags. The sales comprised 100 bags Rio at 124c., and 1,600 do, at 180, a 1840. Freights wore firm, Fhilo engagements were moderate. Among the shipments were about 1,000 baies of cotton to Liverpool at 9 32d. a 5-16d., 6,C00 gallons of ol! at 258. per ton. The Union Opposition for the Presi- dency—The Candidates in the Fieid. We have already published a list of the democratic and republican candidates for the Presidency, with biographical sketches of each, and we now publish a similar list and sketches of the candidates of the Union opposition party, which will hold its Convention at Balti- more after the Charleston Convention, but be- fore the Republican Convention at Chicago. The names of the candidates are Sam Hous- ton, Texas; John Minor Botts, “Virginia; John Bell, Tennessee; Crittenden, Kentucky; Eve- rett, Massachusetts; Graham, North Carolina; Hunt, New York; McLean, Ohio; Rives, Vir. ginia, and General Scott, New York. These are g@& prominent and popular men. Bell, per- h uld make the best race next to Sam 1 who would undoubtedly be the winning man of the whole. Though we have mentioned him among the demo- cratic candjdates, he may be taken up by the opposition. That three parties will go into the field there cannot be adoubt. If the Union opposition party should nominate Bates, he would not be nominated by the re- publican party, who are confident and insolent, and determined to run a distinct sectional ticket of their own. The entrance, therefore, of a third party into the field becomes a mat- ter of great interest, not for its chance of suc- cess against either of the two other great par- ties, but for the influence it may have in turning the scale to either side. In connection with the memoirs of the Union opposition candidates, we publish a tabular view of the votes cast at the State elections of the last two years, from which may be seen the aggregate relative strength of republicanism, and of the combined opposition to it of demo- crats and others, whether as regards the popu- lar vote, the electoral vote, or the vote by States, and what is the amount of the reserve vote which lies dormant and did not come out in these elections. We cannot of course pub- lish the result of the State elections of this year; but in giving the returns of 1858 and 1859, we present the reader with the nearest approximation to the present state of parties, the best data which can be had, and quite suf- ficient for all practical purposes. The figures show a very curious state of facts; indeed, an anomaly never con- templated by the fathers of the federal re- public. They show that, supposing the relative strength of republicanism to be the same in the Presidential election next fall that ithas been in the State elections for the last two years, the republican candidate would be elected by a majority of twenty-three electoral votes, though having neither a majority of the popular vote nor a majority of States, but, on the centrary, having against him a majority of three States and a popular majority of 1,119,- 808 votes. And yet such a result would be de- clared to be “an election by the majority of the people,” though only about one-third of the people voted for him, and two-thirds against him. Thus :— Popular vote in favor of black republicanism... 1,047,004 Popular vote against black rcpub! 2,467,212 Whole vote...ss.e+e see eeeeeneees + 3,815,616 Electoral vote in favor of black republicanism. Electoral vote against biack republicaniers, States in favor of biack republicanism, States aguinst black republicanism.. This never could have occurred but upon a sectional issue, in which the Southern States all vote one way, and the mjorities or plurali- ties in Northern States the other way. The grand principle, the foundation and corner stone of this government, as laid down in the constitution, is that the majority of the people tule—a principle only modified by al- under certain circumstances, a ity of States to operate as a check upon it in the Senate, and to elect a President in the House of Repre- ceniatives when there is no majority for any candidate Ly ihe electoral vote. But in the present sectional state of party lices, a repub lican President may be elected, and yet have neither the mejority of the whole people nor a mojority of the States. Yet if William H. Seward were elected next November by that vote, bis partisans would tell us that the voice of the country had declared in his fovor, and on the strength of that vote they would fro- ceed to coerce the South into cheir views, and, like Lickman, call themeelves eighteen mu been reduced from twenty-seven to nineteen cénts, pre-payment being optional, as heretofore. This redaction goes into effect immediately, and is the result of a recent reduced rate of German and Swiss lions, Judging from the foregoicg figures, tt would seem as tf the chances were strorgls it ofthe black republican candidste, Ba fator there may be 8 revolution at the ballot box, com- mencing in New Hampshire, extending to Con- cecticut and Rhode Island, and above all to New York, whose vote would be decisive against black republicanism, If the conserva- tive elements only united upon one man in the Empire State, or if the Union party should de velope a large vote, and the democrats should receive a fair share of the reserve, the republi- cans would be overthrown by New Y¥ irk alone, The popular vote exhibited in our table, as calculated from the State elections, will not be the vote of the election in November. The popular vote in the North will be largely in- creased against :epublicaniem, and there is good reason to believe that the electoral vote will be so influenced by it as to defeat Mr. Seward’ party, and, if not to give the election to the democrats, to throw it into the House of Representatives, where a republican cannot be elected, seeing that the vote there is by States, and even now there is a majority of three States against black republicanism. By com paring the figures of the votes cast at the Sta'« elections for the last two years with the voics cast at the Presidential election in 1856, and making allowance for the increase in four yeare, it will be seen that there are over a mil- lion and a quarter of votes in reserve which will be brought out next fall. In 15. the whole Presidential vote cast was 3,137,507; in 1856 the number was 4,094,453. There was, therefore,an increase of nearly a million in four years. The increase, according to the busis of population, ought to be more than a million in November, 1860, over November, The numbers will compare thus:— ton Tacrease in 2860, way, Estimate? Presidential vote in 186: A Votes cast in the State electious.,., Reserve Vote... ....... 0 pte ereeecerseeseee ed 278,837 Here, then, is a reserve vote of more than a Lion and a quarter, which is to b+ brought mu out in November next. Now, the question is, which party will get this vote? Not the repub- lieane; for they are polling their full strength in every State election. Theinvote in the Pre- sidentis] election of 1856 was 1,341,514. Their vote fer the last two years in the States was 1,547,004, The reserve vote is, therefore, a vote which the republicans cannot get. It is a conservative vote, not given on ordinary oc- casione, but only when the republic isin dan- ger. It will be given either wholly to the democrats, who are conservative, or wholly to the Unioa opposition, who are conservative, or, more likely, it will be distributed between the democrats and Union opposition—in what proportions remains to be seen. The demo- crats may get enough of it to elect their candidate, or the Union opposition may take away so much of it as to prevent the democrats having a majority of electoral votes, and thus either give the election to the republicans, or what is far more probable, throw it into the House of Representatives, where certain de- feat would await the republicans, The new party cannot possibly win the election, but its tendency undoubtedly is to defeat the republi- cans, The bringing out. of the reserve vote will increase the number of votes necessary to a choice, and the present members of the r2- publican party, therefore, will not suffice to elect their man. The result of this election will be to break up either the republican party or the demo- cratic, and to make the new party the opposi- tion during the next Presidency. Thus, if the democrats ehould be beaten, they will be ex- inguished as a party, and will have to fall into the ranks of the Union opposition; or should the republican party be overthrown, that will be the last of them, and the scattered frag- ments will be absorbed by the Union party, which would thus, in due time, present a for- midable opposition to the triumphant demo- cracy. Tae Crry Ramway Cove D’Erat ww Tae LearstaTorE.—The sudden way in which the Gridiron Railway bill was sprang upon the Legislature, and rushed through the Senate, has created no small amount of indignation among the taxpayers of this city. The fran- chise which the Senate has voted to give to George Law and suite is worth millions of dollars, and this circumstance makes the impudence of the job perfectly magnificent. There is, however, an exceedingly large Afri- can in Mr. Law’s wood-pile. The clique which he leads is greatly interested in city railways already running, and the bill is pushed through not so much with the view of its ultimately be- coming law as to stave off the old Jacob Sharp project of a railroad through University place, Greene street, Broadway, and so on down to the Brooklyn ferries, as we}! as to kill several other bills of the same kind. There is a war going on between the George Law clique and the old Broadway Railroad party, and they are trying to eat each other up. The Gridiron bill is George Law's coup d’ tat—it is the big fish which is to devour all the little ones, and pave the way for a general onslaught upon the valua- ble city placere. We are inclined to think that the railroad men have had possession of the Legislature quite long enough. The early part of the ses- sion was given up entirely to the discussion of the Pro Rata bill, which the railroad men op- pored. During the debaté on this measure it wast apparent that there was a conspiracy to ruin the canal interest, which is the interest of the people, and to back up the raflroad inte- rest, which is the interest of private parties, and therefore taken care of. Now come up these city railway bills, under the operation of which the taxpayers of the metropolis will be robbed of a coc! million or more. The lobby is in its glory, ail the members are on hand, and Al- bany presents aecene of bribery, chicanery and corruption which could scarcely be matched in the civilized world. The Common Council of thie city may resist the passage of the railway bills, but that will not help the taxpayers. Eventualiy the roads will be built, and the city swindled and scold out, either at Albany or the City Mali, or both. The spoilsmen of all par- ties and factions hunger and thirst for the me- tropolitan spoils, and cannot keep their hands off from them. Therefore, the taxpayers of New York ure bound hand and foot, and bled first by the Albany lobby, and then by our own Common Council and the strikers who fol- low in their train. Our legislative bodies, State and city, seem to have lost all sense of shame, aod we hear of votes being bought and sold Hike so much beef in the market place And the worst of it all is, *hatthe abuses under which we labor have become chronic, and they ‘ow worse and worse every day. How long is this state of things going to last? The Irrepressible Conflict in a Now Our black republican and abolition contem- poraries generally do not know what view to take of the new phase of the irrepressible con- flict which is springing up between labor and capital in the North, and the 7ribune and Times are both silent on the subject; but the Hvening Post shows its hand in an article which we re- publish eleewhere to-day, and believes that the laborers and capitalists of New England, “like man and wife, may have their little tiffs, but, like man and wife, they will come together again.” We doubt not that the laborers and capital- ists of New England will come together again on the common ground of mutual interest, but it will only be by the establishment of a mu- tual reapect for each other’s rights, This may not be entirely attained by the present agita. tion among the laborers, for hunger brings its unequal pressure to bear with greater force upon them than it does upon their employers, and they may be forced to cede now some portion of their first demand. But this respect for mutual rights, upon which the reward of in- dustry and the return of capital in New Eng- and depend, has a far wider range and a much greater influence than those merely at- tending the shoemakers’ strike. This strike it- self has in no small degree resulted from causes which have grown up from the violation of mu- tual rights, ramifying throughout the country. Under the protection of the constitution two vast systems of labor and production have grown up in the country, which are reciprocal in their influences, and complementary and necessary to each other. In the South the institution of domestic slavery, aided by the natural elements of soil and climate, and the skill and capital of the white race, has created a social activity in production and exchange which has made its influence everywhere per- ceptible,\ Beginning with less than three hun- dred thousand slaves, in about three-quarters ofa century these have multiplied from natu- ral causes to four or four and a half millions of Jaborers, and the staple of their production, cotton, has become a great fact, pervading the whole civilized world. It supplies the looms of both New and Old England, it employs the hardy mariners of Mas- sachusetts and Maine, it quickens the trade of merchants in a thousand different forms, and it enters into the clothing of the.sage and the savage alike. In no other partof the world can a ‘community of equal numbers be found whose industry isso widely felt and so universally beneficial gs is that of the four and a half mil- lions of slav. our Southern States. The growth of this great hive of industry in the South has been accompanied with an equal developement in the North. Under the irre- pressible harmony existing between the two regions, bound together by the common guaran- tees of the cOnstitution, the laber of the South has called into existence the spindles and looms, the shoemakers and the sailors, the manu- facturers and merchants, the miners and iron- workers of the Northern and Central States. Stimulated by the great demands of the South, the industry of the North bas prospered and waxed rich, The annual returns of spring and fall brought hosts of pur chasers from the markets. of the South to the workshops of the North, and what- ever difference there might have existed between them on social, or religious, or politi- cal views, they a felt that under the constitu- tion they enjoyed a mutual respect and guaran- tee for each other's rights. But a new and an insidious foe has come up to sap the constitution and to violate the rights of the South. Twenty-five years ago it com- menced with a few abolitionists in New England, and, advancing with successive steps, it has sundered the Methodist, the Baptist and the Presbyterian churches; it has attacked tract societies and domestic and foreign missions; it rent in twain and destroyed the whig and American parties; it has partially sepa- rated and threatens to break up the demo- cratic party, the only political organiza- tion left with a national membership; and now, within a year, ithas begun to work for the severance of the commercial and ind relations between the Sorth and South} Backed by such men as Seward, Garrison, Phillips and Theodore Parker, a fanatical crusade has been begun which has alarmed the entire South, which must look first to self-preservation. Seward is now the leader and the expounder of this crusade. He is neither a statesman nor a sound philosopher, but only a demagogue and an agitator. Beginning public life on an antiMssoric crusade, he has clung to power by stimulating every fanaticism, and now he leads in the promulgation of his brutal and bloody doctrines againet the rights of the South and the guarantees of the constitution. ‘Itis this abandonment of a mutual respec! for each other’s rights that has led to the causes of the shoemakers’ strike in New Eng- land, and which, if persevered in, must lead to asimilar conflict between labor and capital in every other industry there. The Southern planters and traders, alarmed at these indica- tions of a broken brotherhood, have diminish- ed, and will continue to diminish still further, their demands for the products of New England industry. This decreases the ability of the New England employer to pay for labor, and forces him to put down prices. Itis from this cause alone that the bosses were forced to re- duce the wages of the journeymen in the Mas- sachusetts shoe trade, which gave rise to the present strike. This rupture of the commercial relations between the North and the South can- not but extend to every other branch of manu- facture, and diminish the demand for its products. Then will comein the true operation of those laws which the Post cites, and diminished demand will still further reduce the wages of labog } The men of New England are begianing to feel and to appreciate the true effect of this crusade against the constitution and the rights of their best customers in the South, and some of their true statesmen are beginning to move aguiaet the evil and the ruin which it threatens to preduce. The speech of Mr, Cushing at New Haven, which will be found in our columns to- day, is a bold and forcible exposition of great truths. It meets the error face to face, shows the injury it has done to religious and to worldly interests, combats the fallacies of Seward with facts, and exhibits the impossi- bility of achieving the dreams which attend the fanatics. We hope to see Mr. Cushing go on with this great fightin behalf of New England's best interests, Hundreds and thousands will soon join him, and error cannot prevail if truth will only buckle on her qrmeor against it. SSIES PYM iepaanay ee The Roman Question—The Congress, From the advices received by the Nova Scotian, there appears to be but little doubt of the pending questions in regard to Italy being decided by a Congress, Whether this body will include Sardinia, Naples and Rome, as at first proposed, we have no information. It is not improbable, however, that in consequence of the angry spiritin which the French project of settle- ment was met by the Pope, it will be deemed advisable to exclude altogether the Italian sovereignties. Unless the Pontiff is put out of court, it is plain that an understanding cannot be arrived at on the only basis of arrangement that is now possible. We are, therefore, in- clined to regard the statement received, that Russia and Prussia had joined in » proposal for a conference of the five great Powers, as con- veying the suggestion of a limitation of the constituent members of the new Congress. Unless this plan be adopted, we really do not see how # peaceable settlement of Italy is to be effected. The obstinate perseverance of the Roman Court in its assertions of a divine tight to the possession of its revolted pro- vinces renders a palitical arrangement with its concurrence impossible. To leave the Italians to settle the- Papal question themselves would be to insure the expulsion of the Pope from Rome and the utter extinction of Pontifical institutions. All this must lead to violence, perhaps to an internecine war of the most sanguinary character. The princi- ple of non-intervention by the other European Powers carried out, there remain elements enough for a fierce and bloody struggle. The Pope’s army is being actively recruited with German mercenaries, and the priests will no doubt strain every effort to enlist the condottieri in his service. Promises of plunder and par- don are irresistible influences with such men, and the mojority of them can be easily brought to fight on the side of the church. Then the King of Naples bas the strongest interest in resisting the succeesful assertion of the priaci- ple which frees the Romagna from the Ponti- fical rule. What is’applicable there will be equally applicable to his own dominions, should the revolutionary element at any time succeed in making head against him. There is, therefore, a moral certainty that if the Ro- man question is to be decided by the Italians themeelves, he will furnish, if not open, at least secret, assistance to the Pope. Of course, the struggle muat terminate, as we have said, ia the defeat of the ecclesiastical party, and in the complete annihilation of its influence in Italy. This is not the result that Louis Napoleon has had in view. He desires to preserve to the Pope all the consideration and state which comport with his spiritual dignity as head of the church, whilst he would take from him all those opportunities of damaging his position which are afforded by the political power that he wields. If he could have got the Pontiff to concur in his well considered plans, he would have effected 2 settlement of this question that would have been satisfac- tory to the world generally. Enlightened Catholics would have been pleased to have re- moved from their creed the reproach which the political abuses of the Roman government have brought upon it, and Protestants would have cared little about the form of the arrange- ment provided it would have insured the re- duction of the Papal power to harmless condi- tions. This the Imperial plan developed in the Laguerroniere pamphlet effected; but it has beenrendered impracticable by the obstinacy of the Pope, although it was the only project reconcilable with his interests. ¥ In such a position of affairs, it is not surpris- ing that the French Emperor should fall back upon the alternative of a Congress. He would, no doubt, have preferred, for the sake of Italy, aot being compelled to have recourse to it; but where is the option left him? Averse to see the Pontiff driven out of Rome and stripped of everything, he prefers throwing upon a Con- gress the responsibility of dealing with this troublesome question, at the risk of having his other plans deranged. He will, however, enter this body stronger than he would have done had it met when it was first convened. The success of his commercial treaty with England will insure him the general ‘support of that Power in his views, and there is reason to be- lieve that with Russia he has all along had an understanding which guarantees him beforehand her concurrence. As regards the general inte- rests of Italy, there is no. reason to suppose that they will be endangered by being: sub- mitted to a Congress. England and France have pledged themselves that the exiled dukes shall not be restored by foreign intervention, and the people of the Central States have only to remain true to their declarations to prevent any fresh violation of the rights which they have 80 gallantly asserted. Tue CoyaressionaL Pristixa.—We see that a report hasbeen made by the Committee on Printing in the House of Representatives, unanimously recommending the establishment of a government printing office, We long ago suggested this plan as the only one calculated to meet the evils of the present extravagant and profligate modé of doing the public print- ing. Objections have been made to it, on the ground that the proposed Printing Burean will become”an asylum for broken down politicians, we will ask if the same objection is not appli- cable to every other department of the govern- ment? If the new system does not effect large economies, which we conscientiously believe it will, it will at least spare us the humiliating spectacle of the corrupt intrignes, the squab- bling, the violence, and the delay of the public business, which in the present, even more than in any former Congress, have marked the con- test for the printing spoils. Tax Arrroacnixe Consticr in Consecri- cvt.—The approsching election in Connecticut, according to the signs in the heavens, is des- tined to bea prodigious conflict. Caleb Cushing, one of the ablest orators in New England, is addreseing the people there on behalf of the @emocratic party; Fernando Wood is soon about to follow him; while Cassius M. Ciay and Abraham LincolnJ are to stump the State for the republicans and abolitionists. The battie will, undoubtedly, be a terrific one, and it looks asif the republicans were about to be de molished in the contest. The irrepressible conflict between capital and labor, which Sew- ard talks abont, has broken out with a ven- jority, ar@ msy turn np a8 9 “Previdertial ct dlgste at Charleston. geance in Connecticut. The mannfacturzts and laborers have rerolted against the re, nbii- can politicians, and it is by no means auiikely that Seymour will be elected byw targe ms- Oceam Steam Navigation-Our Comme cial Marine, Tt is not long #ince we drew attention to t injury inflicted on the shipping enterprise this country by the unfair way {in which Collins line was dealt with by Congreas. & natural consequence of the disc caused by the withdrawal of government the British companies have sueceeited in dei; ing American steamers from almost all @ transatlantic lines. At present there are p leas than ten of these, all foreign, forming lar channels of communication with whilst of American steamers there is but = Consisting of the Fulton and Arago. T! parts of our own continent are exhibitis results in the highest degree satisfy tory. In another column will be fou: detailed statement of the tonnage and our commercial steamers, with the routes which they ply, from which it will be seen the capital diverted from the transatlantic finds abundance of employment in quarters. From the figures therein given, appears that the aggregate tonnage of Commercial steam marine is 153,366, of 94,111 is owned in New York. The total 3 of the latter is $16,231,088 13, and of the entire. as nearly as can be calculated, $25,000,000 | With the exception of one transatlantic lise the whole of this immense tonnage is pre- fitably employed in the carrying trade of our, own continent. Whilst on this subject, we have a word to say in reference to the fusion lately effected | between Commodore Vanderbilt and the Pacific Mail Steamship Company. In ques tions of this kind—iavolving considera- tions of the highest importance to the pub- lic—our firat duty is to look to the ultimate re- sult of these coalitions to the general interests, Viewed in this light, this new combination will scarcely bear scrutiny. There can be little doubt that the coalition has been brought about by the desires of the parties con- cerned. A proof of this assertion is to be found in the sudden increase of the rates of fare on the California steamers. No surprise‘ is expressed, nor indeed should there be any, at this unexpected advance in the fares. While the lines which have now coalesced, through in- terested motives, were running indeperdently of each other, the tide of immigration to Cali- fornia assumed enermous proportions. It waa no very unusual circumstance to see steamers leaving this city with from eight hundred to eleven hundred passengers. As long as this competition continued, the rush of emigrants: to the auriferous soil of California and our Paci* fic Territories was naturally very great. B the coalition of these two lines will at onc have the effect of checking the stream of emi: gration, and of diminishing the suppl of gold. The low prices of passage, which were & necessary consequence of competition must now give place to an equalized rate, o the united line, whieh will be most grievous: ly felt by those persons whose necessities direc + by these companies while in their condition o eparate existence that will have to be m good. These losses, within little more than year, have amounted, it is alleged, from a mil: sion to a million and a half of dollars. of capital, and that is to lay it on to passengers, by charging them high prices, spending as little as possible for their comfo and convenience. The effect of this, howe will be to reduce the extent of emigration and, instead of the people of California bei made to benefit by the change, they will taken place. The new coalition might, if its arrangement: were directed by prudence and wisdom, b made a profitable speculation for all concerned! The California route is now one of the most important in the passenger traffic in the Unite States, and fair prices and respectable ac| commodation would do much to insur by paying reasonable attention to the inte: of the public, they will gives new impetus the operations of their line, or whether the will arouse again the spirit of competitio which requires but little effort to fan it into formidable opposition. Coalitions like present one are of ordinary occurrence, bu the experience of their results is not such Tue Staren Istaxp Ferrtes—For np years this journal has protested against tl Staten Island ferry as unsafe, insufficient incommodious. Three years ago an effort made to effecta reform, which failed, chie| through the want of spirit evinced by the p ple of the Island. New efforts are now bh made. They are threefold. 1. They have applied to the Commission of the Sinking Fund to have enforced th meagre provisions for their safety and com covenanted for in the present lease. Their morial has been met by those officers iq prompt and manly spirit, acd Messrs. Ji A. Westervelt and Thomas B. Stiilmaa, h been appointed a commission to investigate condition of the ferry boate and accon tions. Those gentlemen are proceeding gently with their examination, and undo edly, at an early day, such small aid as it be in their power to extend will be chee: afforded by the commissioners. 2. The Staten Islanders have mem: Congress to subject these boats, liable ta constructed with that solidity and those p tions for assuring safety which experien @ictated as necessary in the case of sho ries ; and lastly, to provide for the erecti lights ard fog-bells on Bediog’s and Go: islands, to facilitate safe navigation by and day. This Lill is ia the hands of th mittee of Commerce of the House, acd sage, throvgh the exertions ot eur abie sextative, the Hon, John Cochyane, may garded as cortnj S A tHLIs before the Comm'tives 0) merce in both branches of the State 1