The New York Herald Newspaper, February 16, 1860, Page 8

na <amaeneentaae iaeenhettceteseaigER ties etataciieataeaaacceaiecammaall HE INVAMON OF STATES. wee ch of How. BR. 1. T. Banter, of Virgtala, 7 tp the Senate of the United Sinter, Jame 30, 1860. Tportant Message of Gov. Letcher, of Phe Refusal of Gov. Kirkwood, of Towa, to Sur- render Coppit, oue of the Har per's Ferxy Outlaws, SENATOR HUNTER’S SPEECH. ‘The Scaste having under contideraion the resolution et Mr. Douglas, Wo mstract the Commitice on the Judiciary %w report & bill to protect cab suse and Terriory of the u » authorities or people of HUNTBR 694d -— called ap ube resolation of the us more fuily than any ve the giate of the pa.iou lucecd, ir, a8 @ COMmoatary (speaks Volumes WIKOI Mbgelf; for What is 16 war Detween the Stues— LLermed WVasOU Dy the people of ederated Stas upon those of another? | Lert be remembered is founded upon no Mmug vary Case, DULY POD an wotaal event Of recent oecur it notormus to os a, Ubat the slaveboliiog aE arouug m m ugeibet invasion by t auy ober Suateor Te Mr, Pxeswent Sevaie: from Hino becaus er p/oporidon boro om the Querinn oF Buyers Wo suppress cry & proporis D eee of the co repel foreya in- 18 HO daoger of that; not wW Bu - UFFECLOD—there 8 DO preseus appre Dut to defend Ubemselves against Bimed \DYuewus from the people of other and cou federae States, und w prepare tor the eveut, if am their become necesbary to separaie from this w ark what i this Union ees Gomertic ii eewe of tbat; ‘epipion it Hew Union. Now, What are (be consutvent elements which com a What has been the Pesuit of the puuwea! acuon of those fore-® upoa the dif rections O tht confeceracy ? the northeast Why, sir, we kuow don, Composed of the Norto free States, (bere exists a virtual monopoly of the tereats of Unix oonfedera- Bevigatilg aus manuisctucwg @); Mat se Northwestern Sustes find it most Wo their in k aud provisions; aud that the bature of their labor and the ost profitable to piant, to COKOL, Rar, bacco and Tee, Pacitic oowst we Bud avower an purrui—J mean the wy WH be perceived that, owing (6 Lhe peculiar coubututi ‘ef Southern labor, these wierests are net Bostie aus more protitable w apply iMtcrees an tO Bavigaiion oF pom a Kreat people oi erent lo raike Bouthern States, oww ipetiutions of slavery, Oud 1 mya, but subsidiat y abeor labor to the puting Masnafectures, they de and bot of rivals 40 the northeastern wnterests of maviga ‘Yhe same may be said, t9 a grow extent, of the provicion-raising Rtas of the No £06 Wus it ie plain (hat, owing 40 this very coustitation of ma, BO! of hose, DU Of BUd- Now. cir, tue precise value of tar b States | caanot est Wavulactures: avery, we have a vile @hitery rte rete. Sec'birn market to the Northear math Wit precition, OL ave the date which will euable ve resulls whieb 1 think will be liind, by a stace Be bo reacl some ap proston G@rarthog, and at ies ¢ within tbe mark mens (om ibe Jreaeury Departueot, that the poruon of were produced Ww tie South timated at $20,000,000; aud by oue who is well calculated, (sand Studies, lo express an opinion fm that bubject, iat the value of tue ireights upon these exporis ranged trom seven to eight @ the carge, meking exports. The value of (be obo Cemat B—and Tw meie—s! a thirg oF that the foreign expor uring We Last becai year 6 B bur aise been given Wo me By bis previous pure vot oo Lhe value 2 $14,000,000 upon his upow tbe return these upon exports, @bicu would giv eemetbing like weuty One oF twenty two milion dollars ia Whe Freiguis of the Wouie ‘Wie be wey+ Delonge to Our Own Havigsting Iulerest. @vasimg Wale iu which the oes em nearly, wor quite a* Mach more—iDaking & ye from Soutberu commerce provabiy rauging between iu regard wo the markot vfacturing mtercet, Loan ap nearer result. If we take De Bow'e @shiwate of $1 C6 ,0°0,000, 19 ound Bombers, ws the anvual Walue of the msbuiacturap product im 18: Buppure We Southern peepie Population. and the peopic of the N eonto mute in (bear propor won of foar-fibs Bures of ‘be whole Union, we Shall flu Sovtberp siates consumed Fomethneg More than $350,000, ald the probable increase, rating Mal fifty percent, which i# a soll a‘diuoo whe @om>are it wb ihe anuval Increase at former de perbde, we find that om there are provably some bmg vke $450,000,000 of ibe mauufactires of those feaks ConFume? ib the South Suppuse that ove hail of Mae represents the wages of labor, some $240,000,000, ollaré (wach fe @a immense caumate) per bead for cach man, Woman and Child, aad this con fem ption would represent ® popaiation of something like kis & de remembered tat I Rave not added to this the population which is supported the population whic 14 sup: ported out of the earnings of freight, or the populauon which is supported out of that portion of Southeru cor. amerce which is now centratized gi New York, aud but for te Union would bave gone South, moderate vBtimaie 0 suppose that there are trom abree to four milion human beings iu the Northeaswrn States who owe their fivehbood and subsisteu eommerce of the South, aud who but for this commerce would either be forced to emigrate or t siarve, unices, fmdeed, oer markets of equal © ‘some wDere elze in the world whe are thue sustained w the North woswrnu slater, | ba Louly know tuat the Boutuern acorket for their pro iucts is of immense value; and | know, tbat to that market must be cresited the supplies b whey furnish w those three or four miliom poo) who are sustained by the Soutbora custom iu the mavu Tactoring abd navigeung States of the Northeast. we see, Mr Preaident, ax i sad betore, what owing lo tbe eourttubon of Southern labor, b rests which are bot hosule Tne Southern pian' Shipper bo transport fs prodvcts adroad, soustimer uses the Northern manufacture, and owing w the constitution Of Southero population, tb erp producere flod there a ma erin bed by rivals. Fable extep. of the market of th forego trade; and have & monopoly, probably wom whieh Wey mune! for this bavigauc abuty and forty milion « which i¢ oponed for the Pros imate to a BOME & Li consutme in proportion to astern Buates to of the manulas- thatat that day the nc allow eighty Mace million of people ‘out of the profits of capital @ vould be founda ard to the onmber Be Moens Of eBumating. tin whicu they ace aa- be Fall lo a couside itton States for the pro- the Northwest; and taen comes the gold pro Syot of California, contributing ms Lom give stability to thateystem of credit in ty addiug in themselves to the geveral But what now, let me terested, and gre ace of the wealth of the country. bas been the operation of this government on these Why, sir, it ts bolortous that the ua ‘viqauipg and manufacturing intereets have grown up under Abe shalow of the protective Aystem dvaw bounties from the treasury of the United far as the coasting vavigalion 1 concerned, rely the woriheastern— lowe monopoly of tbe irade, thing may be sais of their manufac eeounpal interests? ‘The fishing vessels the American—which meavs abipping, bas by law & com Aad aimost the a Paring iterest, w eavily protectin Dave been laid in past tires, no merciy for ihe pur pese of revenue, bot io order wo Of the ‘oreign product so much that the home manufac turer might fod nis We find someting of the sau stem Of credit and of fore that when the Union was once esiavilsne ould have concentra: Noruieast; Dut Wal event Was favoriug operation of Unis general goverument; for when mined to take bank paper in payment of pub oes, what was thal but an endorsement of the bank eredit, Which was but a representation of the individuat aerecit, Whicb, Ro far as the federal revenue is concerned, was thus put on a par with epocie? Aud when in addition the Northeast the United Staves control over bavking credit, rocess of cou enhance the price Nor i this ail, sir operaion in regard to ti rtsioly burried by tho to Abie, ey iccated tm Beuk, Which bad so large as'it pot manifest that they hastaned this: eentraon? Tspeak not of these thing eompiaint. Tum giving a mere narrative of facts. Bu mow, | would ask, what bas been tbe iniluence of Stuthera | wer, 0 far a8 We base had power, on (his goverament! Ly Oovmervative? Mast it not be der gowning | i not been emine © from the nature ‘oth capital and labor, represeats botb, and is interested ‘w doing justice to bo ap impartial arbiter, so far az Moose Wisputes betwrea capital and Isbor which ooeur in Belog, aS the South is, ity power in this confoderacy; bavwg # great ‘terest Which 's constantly assailed, and w! preiect within the Tuson under the constitution, it inte Fests, && weiles iis priuciples, have made it Whe watch dog of ihe constitution, and the defender and the guardian of al] the limitations aod restrictions on the ab- Contributing, as it does, more te the public ute than it recelyes im rewurn in the ebape of US interest lends it to economy of expom ‘dnores in the geversl goveramout, fenctious, wuich are unioubiediy perforiaed South, eminentiy conservative? ‘value and use to every section and every interest in thos @rufederacy? Are we oot all wlerested in supporting and mawitaling the copsutuuod of tt too, in regard to these wterests, that whe -shers Dave grOWD up ander the fosters Lends of the goverument, the South has {© sosiein an interest of bers, u few suger planters, who coustitute but a m'vority of her If, then, Fam right, Mr bere & mase Of Vast and asgouiated interests w ally contribute to the suppert of each other Qouing, if Timay use the #mile, a migt tas concentrated strength, anu by the mutual support of 8 abie to susain such asecial superstrociure as, anpsralieied in Ue hustory of mai that (be very keystoge of Uns arch co marble block of African slavery’ Knook ‘bat out, abu the miguty fabric, with all that it’ upl T will not say tbat o i material you might not diild up something jut L will guy that these separate pillars, fn deiached columne, would be incapable of sustaiaiog t wafely repose upom the compact Now, air, one would fay that that Keystone was sale from any imwernal attaci: valued Chose todustrial it bolpe t vphold aud maintela; and yet, ery bos heen the ob persistent warfare A with the Missouri re Southera sobems « every civihiaed itcan only sevlate wil) of the majority. And are not there Are they not of great and protecting ‘vor asked one arch, which by Bot ObYIOUE to «i tambies to ite fall wee fu! and great, the weight which and consolidated lacks of those Ww strange io say, the ject of comsinaal whicd undertook to 7 ganizaiion under the ban of this govern:neut olc.ng States ebou rights to es pa territory, the oo. ‘NEW YORK) HERALD, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1860;-TRIPLE SHHET. Fovernment, whiD war ch the thestre for agriation a South and aganst ite peac war ire inst the sovla) aystem of aha avo to make the imativution of slavery detesiasle * of #i) Northorn men, and of the whake ey od werld, so far as they could do it? Why, sir, ite « proportions looked directly to @ moral war,’ to bo # (hrough thie government, and on the foage of the ¢ Congress of the confeceracy, agamse thie | of the States, against their and salty Barce of the Conetituiion, they propored ty ai tlayery im the arsenals, in the deck yards, in the Deetrint ef Colo apd, worge than all, they propos to abolish the tleve trade between the States, under #.ecioue Pretexte that evil® accompanied this trace, aa Mf the same evils my, net Be found im connection will ems gration broad; a8 Mf foreed emigration, ether of whites or blacks, whether occasioned by the necessities of poverty or by the will of the master, would not be accompanied With evil, and Wilk eccaswwual soonest of distress. Aud yet, eir, auybocy who has rtucdied the Distory of the past, cannot have fuiled to observe that tt fe thix very operation which has eoabdled the Diack to am. prove in his physical avd moral condition #9 rapxily tw the South; beedure, when hig numbers press on the Means of Enbsisience, apd mes are Dkely to go bard with him, the law of profit intervenes, aod be trans. ported ntry where bis labor ts more profitable, and he of the product io return, and i 0 Dap 1 arra: ut of Pro . thas the very line of direction whieh the lew of profit would vive bin is that which te Dest for his own happi nese id dprevement, for it takes hima to é climate which ig ore corgental to hie physical wants and bis natare, Mt was thus that slavery has been trausfurrect from the North to the Sovth. But for thia, # he had b as Wat proporcd, it Is manifest that vot only he, nt the white whe was sevoctited with hum, tust have retro graced. A of the snn, it would’ re tithe be abke of Dis bappmess and of his progress, coo-istet in bis Cobr eb! grevilation towards be sou Tom whence he Sprung. But, $i, as this party inex proweded to take still more dangerous ground: we beard it boldly abm-uneed that the guaranters glyon to the slave holding St, in regard to fugitive slaveg—and if #9, it be the cage in all other respects—were avnnited by gations of a higher law How they practised npop this precept, we Dave eeen in the hist of sPatneful evasions of this copstitutional obligation which was gi us the ether Oay by my friend from Georgia (Mr. Toombs), in the ¢ of his masterly specch, when hy referred to the personal liberty taws of so many of the non slarchold ig States of this confederacy. Mr. President, ws it sur- pring that these bitter seeds of seotioual hate and alien bon, Which have been sown so mdustniously, should bave Pore their bieody fruit in the raid ws Jona Browa? Is it shy prising (hat men who were taught to look ou us as as corved of man and God, and as sustaining tnatitutions which are incapable 6f paliavon or defence, feel that they eve juetiled in attacking us by ai the moans iu their power, no matier what may be the consequence? [know that gentlemen have rigen here to éielaim all sympathy or approbation with that attack, and Ido not mean, Dy any Means, to impeach their sincerity; but it is to be re marked tat in mone of the non-slavehol ling States where the republican party bave the predomtuance have the Governors of those States, or, as far as | know, the Legisiaty: proposed any Jegslaion whick was calea to punish and repress such attacks I tu future it 8 alo to be remembered that the ropablieau party at this eession chose for its candidate ax Speaker of the other House & man who bad endorsed a pook which preached precisely what John Brown practised; which recommended that they should get up servile war anc casseusion between the diflerent classes of waites, in order to disturb our peace, and to injure our scheme aa% our tystm of Beciety, Nor, sir, will it be strange if the Norther emitsary who goes m our midst, carrying Heiper’s book, which has these objects in view -sbould ) be followed by others who bear with them Sharpe's aod the pike. Is it not manifest that, if the bings of that book be carried out, it can lead to nothing elée than the repetition of auc assaults as those that we bave lately witnessed? Now, I will ack for what is thie warfare waged on us? It must haye some epd in view. Itcanpot be agitation for the mere sake of agitation, for even the abotitionist would pronounce that to be Wanton crucity and reckiess wickeduess; and if it has 7 ‘nO th view, what cap that ena be but the aboll- tion of siavery in the States? What can they have in view but to make the institution go odious, 8o uneomfort able, 80 dangerous as to foree, if they can, the whites of the Southern Stetes to emancipate the slaves; and yet, if they bad the power to morrow, they would not dare, (or if they did they would soon be punished by their own onstituents,) tor their own sakes, to emancipate these negroes. What wou'd be the conseqnences if they did? Would not both races decline? Would not indusiry do- cay? Would not the British experiment be repeated; und what would become of themselves? How many Northern ships would be Jaid up to rot at their wharves when the the great staples of the South were no longer produced to give them freights? How mauy looms wonld be tole when the cotton was wanting which was Levessary to put them in motion? How many manufactories wou! be rtopped when the rich markets of the South were uned up and exbausted and closed to thera? How maz of their own people would be forced to emigrate or to ftarve? How many of their homesteads would be a late? Sir, if they were to attempt such a thing, it would wot be three months after the deed was done before their own people Would drive them into the sea, if there was no other mode of escaping the consequences of their acts. It wm napessibie that they could do it, ev@ if they had the politcal power. Why, then, keep’ up this war and this agitation? If it ws designed for any end, Wat is the eud; bat ther own interests and their own safety would prevent it. But docs avy man suppose that such # warfare can be constantly kept up without leading to a severance and cdigeoiution of this Union’ Do you not virtually iovite the Southorn States to secede, when you offer thera wrouge Juries, because of their aggociation with you, which You could not practice towards them if they were sepa rate and independent States? Is not thie a virtual invita- Son to them to gecedey Are not the wrongs rad insitits which you are offering us, i themeeiver a canes of war, as between independent nations? Suppose the Freach, Low ty alliance with the Eagtish, were to seat such emreraries as this Helper into thé East Indies, to ety up civil strife, to produce domestic ineurrection, to sow the Feecn of @esecsion bekween Europeans of the Laif aad of the whole biood in the British Indian empire; suppose that the French goverpment were to make their diplo matic communication with the British government the means and medium of taunts and iusulte for (he 0 whieh have been practized and covuived at un Britieh government in India, how Jong woul! the entente corvinie last?) How tovg before either shore of the cha nel would reseund with the roar of those immense en eines of tion which each nation has been tuxing its ingens ent aad construct? And i6 it to be eup poecd that a eimilar and worse grievanee ean be kept up here withoot teadivg to the consequences of severance ation on the part of theSouth? T know, eir, been eaid that the South woula be whipped into the Union, that the South cannot diseoive it. This might be provoking it ik were not so absurd. We probably number sow somotbing Hike thirtecn milion people, We cover, as was said by the Senator trom Georgia (sir. Toombs) the other eight hundred and forty thousand equate inilos of mognifleent Lerritory. Is it posgisle that sack a peo) ie with such resources could be coerced into submission? ns foreign alliances are concerned, who does not know that cotwu fs king--a_king who cao cowmand allikuces with tue fleets of a)! the cteilized world to keep open the ports through which foreign nations were to odtain the raw material thet keeps alive Laeit starving pop tation ? B pont But Mr, President, they could subdue the South—euppose they could whip it, what would y do atterwards Would they emanctpate the aiayes? [think I have shown that they Could not do so, except at the sa critice of interests which are too dear to themeelves What would they do with these conquered provinces Rule ther such? That would invoive a cha both Of the constitution aud the government. Would tocy im troduce them into the government as they were defore ? By their mere ris trerita they could put a stop tothe ma chincy of the goverument, The South now, without leaving the Union, could paralyze this government go that it would » wortbiess to ait who were concerned ia it. Bappose its ate Legislatures were to pass taxing law2—and they coald : Supreme aad commerce; Ke personal intercourse so dan that it would cease; suppose ils thet this goverument was ao jostrument of oppression, wore to choose to use power under the non to obstruct and to thwart it, ur House organized, your ation bills passed; and after they were introduc would know in what shape they would pass’ Sir, this coercion of which they speak is impossible. Ii you were to engage ia cuch a contest, victory would be worse to you than defeat: because if you conquored you would Gesiroy tbe industry on which you yourselves depeaded; while, on the other hand. af the South constituied a sepa: rate and independent confederacy, you might still enjoy a portion of that rich commerce of which you are aow de riving the fruits. I ask then, again, why this aguation, ang why this war upon usy T am toid that it is because slavery i a siaful institution; yes, sir, that the iustitution is o sin, and abhorrent to man and to God. Has not ex. pericnee shown that when the black and the white race are thrown together. if you establish Une relation of mas. ter and siave between them, that such & society is capable of a great development, morally, socially and politically, that such an organization is beet for the happ:nees of both races: ond hae it not been proved, by actual experimeat that if you destroy that relation both races declioe, anu tmdustry cecays! Can that state of things be winch lease to the bappinees of both races? Can that be right which indicts on them irremediable miseblef and iujury? But by what right Goes any man ondertake to say tat a ical jortituiion wLich cau be shown 10 be the uormal ‘ot human society, aud which has gubstied as long ago as we have human history, ig a sip, whea there i# Bota respectable nation in the world thet has uot #t some period of its existence meintaiped it? There is not arcepecinble system of civi'izalion known lo history, or the preeent period, whose foundations wore wot led ip this inetitetion of domestic slavery. That i wag the case in regard to the nations of autiquity, it know. That the Furopean nations commenced, aged iheir system of civilization on this ineiivation, 8 notorious, and it is not yet wo centuries since slavery war te im Fnglend and Frases. That we ourselves if r gett! nt and wonderful extension of our this courtry to the slavery which was intro. the Atl States, is obvious to whoever the proporition. But for that force? labor, we bad depended on whites alone, !t ts probable that neither should we bave settled up the couniry rapidly nor have bad pojyuiation ezoug! untained the grest revolutionary it ocurred { 1 Cid NOt Estabiist aris—mithout ci slavery waz es\ablis) maintained as power still ex ruviaas, eo monuments of whos? poot aud adtuiration. Sir, the monu ments of the Ineat exceed in magnitude anythigg thet bas ved by thetr Spanish euccassore. Tako the States gouth of our boundary, and nich slavery baa hgon abosiishod serie oraing, and which of them Kas improved except the Por- foment of Braz, th which African slay ir, the history of slavery in the n, and of 48 emaccipation, if fannils Tt seems in the mge ; the moral impu f rs it requ physics has beon used in t aud where w uropena Civ: igned for the protegiian of a) | Ske, what | Ayoot of thoro petitions, and of the cePate which | Wey cocarioned, except to make the slaveholder odious | vores are cqual, the slave, to process of time, ty his im- provement, wil vindioate bis equainty, and whem bo has donc tha: hs labor becomes more profitable ax a freer than as a shove, a0@ emaneipauon then becomes pr Dio both to master aud slave. It waa thus that t was aevmplshed in European society withont shock aod without injury to any one, convul¥ing no goveroment and COstorbing vo intercet w soctety, It commenced first 1 ibe fice eitke, where the most iatelligent laborers aue the mechanics were gathered; and afterwards when the pre- yal laborer, 1h vara) Fert, increaked tm inteltigenes and proltable (0 emancipate Bim too, Now, race be equal to the whe as the Dolor sts Mamba, will vinctomte ite equalty Dy i provement, aod (Me SAME Procere Will ake place, Diy i! On the contary, £6 be an iferior, as Tmainuin and eve he is, then experience has hewn that the bapp? 1 relacou which you ean establish between that race and the wile 18 the relation of master and slave. 1 ask then, ir, by what authority it is that an tnavtation whic all Koveromeuis ave found necesary, and which Dat been common to nearly Gil the nations of the world, 8 now pronounces #45 and Berke? Te the voice of expo riche to go for bering? Are ite teachings without value? But we are told thet slavery 8 contrary to the apstract principles of) right wud the grest maxim of ‘do a8 you would be done by Mr. President, I acknowledge the truth of us maxim, and properly tterpreted, itvindiealve by its wiscom its’ divine origin; but when misspphed and misreprerented, it may be made the means of intivite mischief. If] were wo deas I would be dove by in bis cane, Lwould probably set free the murderer from she jai) where ko oas confined; but if 1 would do as I would be dope by to the thousands of inpocent poople on whom be pould thos be turned loose, 1 would not atd his cacape. It I were to do ae] would be done by in this case, I wenk', perbape, emancipate the elave; but if Twere to do ae T be cone by w the pulliona of whites and biack® whe are ptereeied in maintaiwing that reeation, 1 would Ce nothing to disturb it Bot, sir. if in troth it be sued a sin and such a curse that the conscience of any large party in the Nor aot enter Mito Compact or Bonds wilh it; that they can have ne connection with tt; that they cannot carry GUt he guarantees aud the stipulations of ‘the con. sBiitution whieh look to ite protection, then [aay as + and abe men they ought to propose a eyo for i it fair, te it honest, WW take everything i the com pact which beniefts them, aud to refuge the sipeiations which were mace op their part for our benei, on th ground that their copscrence prevents them frown carry them out? Won'd not the hovest course, on thy be to come forward and gay, “our fathers have hard bargain for us, ove which we Gnd we canuot kee; neistently with conscknce: we cannot for conse Soke return your fngiuve slave as tars mstruan qnirea: we cannot for conecieneo” ako aid ip re domestic ivenrrections when the slaves af their freedem; and that being the case, we fee! \ veither proper nor honorable that we should you the cenditions which are beneficial to os, and we iwerctore propose a separation.” Sir, my word for it, if the propesivon were to come ‘from the North em States, based on such ground, there ¥ no re co ip the South; and I do’ not k postible reparation there might be some syste fcderacy of confederscies which would secure come, but notati,ef the blessings that would oliow this Upon ad- ministered properly , ucoording to the spirit of juatice and the constiiution. It would probably separate tnio some or four smatier unions, and these perhaps might be wnited by some looser bond, closer than the &y “ab tem, hut not operating, a8 the present constitunoe does, pon the wdivicual, and operating upon th oral unjene io the natore of a treaty—a treaty whick mi seonse ho! them the urited strength of ali in re petlu g forrign invasion, and might seeure, perhaps, to oil Of them rome o! the present aivantages of trade aad in tercouree, opening np to them the means of developing their own syStems in peace and safety. But why, lak, force us ( this alternative? If Tam right in the view | have taken of the great tadustrial iterestag! the dulerent rectous; if in truth they ought to b re rovernment were properly aiministere beidiary instead of being rivai and hosule; if our istitations be, as I have shown, founded ip necessity and can be vindicated upon any view of law, moral or divine; or if that be a mater sively for our Own consideration under our system of conteiera tion, und has beep mace 80 by the covstitotion—I way, if ail this be 80, why keep up this war, why continue this agitavon? tts said by some of those of the auti slavery party who are the jeaet extreme in their views, we mit the propriety of much that you say in regard to the ieituticn ip the States, we acknowledge that we have to Tight tomterfere wich it here, and we do not lain tue pow or to Go 80; DUE Fou insist UpOD extending this institution of slavery and carrying itanto the Terntories of the Unio ite there that We resist you, it if there that we ure deter anined Hot to permit y ou'to exercise’ such night as that ehich you claim under the constitution”? But, Mr. Presi deni, do We Cluim apythiog in this regard which is pot our right under the coneLtution? Ifwedo make the claim, bas it net been aseerted to be our constitutional right by ne Congress that repealed the Missoury restrictioa, by the Presitent who signed the bill, by the Supreme Court who decided the famous Dred Scott case? nd af it be our copetitutiontl rigbt, by what authority, moral or polttical, ean you prevent our thus extending (ue social system ot ihe Siavebolding States? But, sir, 1 aw willg for the jresent to lay aside the constitutional view, and I desire to aigcuss tas a tere question of propriety. What in teres? have you tn preventing usfrom extending the social system of the stavehotding States itto the vacau! territory of the Union? Is not demonstrable thet t@ do 80 would increate your relative share of political power, your re lative share of the voting power of this gover: ment, and, not only thut, but will it not ipereaso your relative capa city to acepmulate and to acquire weaith? Suppose tho Souih, inetead of having this mixed population of whites and begroes, was peopled entirely with the white race, would New Eogiand bave a8 great a reiative share ol po- jitical power then as she has pow? We shook! be repre tented then in exact proportion to. our population. Now Weare represented only according toa partof it. Sup pose the South, again, Were filled enti cly with whiter, would New Engiaod enjoy her merkets as un listurbed by rivals at she pow Coes? Ifthe South were peopled only by whites. 18 It pot ehvious that. r would grow up as fast ae customers; that we, Wo, would engage in mapufsctures, in commerce, and in pavigation; and thos these States would not have near the share of the profite urising from this valuable cvsiom that they now enjoy, apd, if Ubat be true in regard to the ola Southern Stutee, i@ ui not true in regard to any extepsion hereafter tube mace? It we should extend, by increasing the riuveholviog States, is it not manifest (bat the reative sbare of political power of New Fngiaad wo for tbat extention than if the Union were i acuug frec States; and is it not jost ag plain that her re- lative Capacity to accumulate wealth would be greater when our territory was settled in a moda which gave her customers without o rival, than if that settlement were made entirely by a free population? Upon what cilcala- toon, then, is at d you can Say, that} dioiwishes your power to extend the secial systém of the slageholding States, aud that it increasos your power to ext-nd the nomber of free States? Task upon what supposition cap you muke that deelaration, except upon the belief that there is a natural ond cterbal hostility between the free e Slave States. Tf that be true—if there be a natural eprestible hostility between the free and the alave States—it is not only an argument with tha Norfb against the further extension of the slavebolding State, but it tz fan argument against the present Union. If there bo th: irvepreseible gud natural hostility between the free aud the slave States, there ought to be no Union botwaen them: for ths Upien can-owly promota tho bagpiness of the peopie when they eptertam fraternal feelings to wards cach other. It can culy succeed when it is tound- ed oo the esflection of the peopie. But if it 13 to be a source of eternal strife, it becomes worse than an il)- orted marriage, and th’ sooner the parties separate the Put, is uhere, th truth, any such aaturat hoatiity; e, in uth, apy suck tua antagopism between the stems of the two sections? Inorcer w answer this question I prepose, for a brief space, to analyze and mpare the (WO Fyeteme of society, and eee whethor, in ,they may net be made subsidiary instead of being 2 of rach other, Sir, in the free lador system orgatzation, the family is the unjt—the family , composed Of parent ‘and children. In the slaycbo!ding stem of organization, the honschold i the uuit—the housebvid being compoved of the family and of the slaves, who are united to the head of that fanny by the oblige tions of ownership, and the yet gentler thes of constant btorcouree and fu r asvccietiop, In the free States, these families are led into two classes—the capitakets and the laboring class. The lavoring cles sclis ita ser viees fora limited period to the capitalist elats for the mieané Of subsistence. That bargain’ is hard or easy, io preportion as the supply of labor 18 greater or lesa, ta proyortion to the deroand for it,on the part of capital, sud in pei oda of svarcity aud of commercial pressure, the bargain on the part of the lavorer is often hard indeed— it giving bim frequently not evough for comfortable sub sist Oe, BOG Sometimes Ftarcing him out altogether, Io the Southern system of anciety no such difficulty can oc cur. here the laborer is sure of shel’er,of raiment, ani of food, for, if the profits of the master do not eaab! him to give ‘him these, the master must use his capital, and if neither bis prods nor bis capital will slow him to doi, then he must transfer him to some one eiae, Who is able (0 provice him wih these comiorts, ans thas, to any event, the Isborer is assured of the payeical comforis ano necessaries of lie. But under the free system of 80 ciety there are more Ways thaa oue by which the labor ing class Seeks to odiain the price of ie serviges, for it scels to obtain them sometimes, not merely by voluntary contract, but if it have a ehare ie the goverument it car hes this contest into the halls of leisiation and seeks to Bt Ue jt, Fomneumes through the forms of legisiation, or worse sull, by pbysica! force aud the sord. Whenoyer t profits of production come to be distributed between fabor And capital, cither through the forms of irgisiation or through the sword, the government declines and inaustry doeays. These consequences are ko much dreaded that with statemen tt has always been ap ovjeci of envio care 80 W constitute their governments, Wilh check and balances, #6 to prevent these contests between labor and capital from digwrbing the course of legislation; and 3° much afraid, bave they been of them tha! in few govern- mente of the world has the laborer boen permitted to have & share of potitien! pov In tae British govern ment, Where the laboring O!ues Lave some small suare of political power, the danger of such cOutests has been & constant subject of anxiety. When the laboriog popula tien tucreases faater (ban capital accumulates, foarfal scence of euifering often eusue; nnd t prevented by nilording mew outlets in wbicn they m: colonize the surplus population, or else by discovering a opening up new Belss of in the object of the constant care’ a Britieb statesman for the last three ce pligh it he bas beoome the great robh Ding by sea aud by land bis poor; and nolwithsuun ten occurred that he baa bad to w Dall to pravent a bloods settlement of ihe man who owued aud the man Whe worked joom. Bat, Mr. President, in our system of is wo such dangor. ‘The contest between cap. between tho British woty thore 1 aud ianor 43 compromifed and settled tn the constitution of the household. It docs not enter toto th: romect, The mas- ter who Wielis the power of goyernm: Fosted post lnbor aad capttai, end it is ty his tte: } » both Accorcingly, whatever thilion-: bo may pose iu the government, as 1 said before, eed sapars Ally ip settling thes Hiests between labor sud eapital. Tt ie fa this coantry alone that we heve found tho first at tempt to unite @ bysten of free Isbor with seif govern mentaud universal suffrage, wail North; an experiment which I acsne lias so far succeeded? an experiment whiel 1] bope is destimed i an ut nate and aprent success, J wish it euccess; but! mvet say that it an experiment as yet, or it bas pot ho od to the evore intals and if om ation bogine to press ¢ bad aco mat to do i nip tho rich and magnificent vacant tercjtory whieb ! mens 1 ve porserted 1é@ tied When mumbers therease Fo rapidly ox HO Ure meens of Budsisvenee, crense, and thet the improvements of the pradactive power of man may be 80 grent ai fo mest and surmount the dfculty; but I must say that wheier they will do is or pot, i+ ennrely wpeertam, and remams & donbt & preniemipior M they hove Buccecded go far, they have net only ba: The sdvantage of never having Deen exposed this ciMoulty and this trial, but they Lave been wsa0- ciated in their general government with this other schexe of soeety; and} Dele se that the mtlaence of tis last bas doen em nently conservadve, and han apeweted the cree of ther experiments far. T believe, too, that m cone more beip the future eucoess of thoir experiment than the coptinual.askociation with a scheme of society thns founded, and whoce influences must be thus just ana thus impartial, ip cetting$whatever contest and difficulties may arise between capial and labor, Ir, President, to show that fam indalging ip no fancy sketeb, that Tam getting up no fictitious alarms, allow m> fo refer to an event ta bmtory which, aithough not very ortant, Seems to have parers away from tho recollestion of many of us—] mean Shay ’s Reboion.”” what it was that prompted it, and by waat motives they Were governed who carried it n= “it $s indeed m fact” said General Knoz, a New England ma from & Visit 10 We astern Coun! nigh laxce are the Ceienaible cause of ihe coramo ton, they are the re, from darkness. The people who are the lueurmeaw have never paid why, oF DUt very Lie, taxes Bus Uhey nee the weakness of government; they feel at ouce their own poverty, compared wih the povient, and ibeir own foree, apd tare mived io make nee of the jader Jo order remedy on ‘Their creed is. hat the property of ibe United States has bem Drevertel from cor fiaeaiion ‘by the jolet exersiona of ail, and, Devefore, ough! to be common toa!) And be that wtiomps oppess son to this creed isan euemy to equity and justice. mad ought © be ewrpt from tbe face of Woe eure’ —, Washington, volune % jarge MB, Colonel Lee, a wember of Congress, drow the following picture of the condition oF the vt OCouDUYy aL thas time General Knox has just returned, and his report, greunded on hucnoknowbdge,is replete wits melancholy’ Invosmstion, + majority of the people of Magsacbusetia are ib oppoetiion wo ibe povernmest Lowe of the leaders avow the subversion of he thebr objet, dogether with the abolition of ce vot property And& veunlon with Great Hiritain. T the hnstern tiates ibe same temper prevails more or ies, will certa.n'y break forth when the opportune moment 'may ¢. ‘The malcontents wre in eloge conrection with Vermont, at district, itis believed, ig i pegotlation with che govern of Canada. [pone word, my Cear General, we are all int that me dire apprehension that a beginning of anarchy, with all te calany wee, ie made, and we have no mciewo stop he dreadful work.—Misshall’s Washington, col. 2, p19. 1 find thet there are symptoms that the feeling which prompted and jnetigated that rebellion, wach to have been go forindabie ‘wm ks day, acd which required to be put down by arms, ‘s #hll ale. nthe correspondence which was found in the possession of Jobu Brows in the late Harper's Ferry affair there is « jetter which could mot but stk me. a letter written Dy the brother of one af thos mh Who pertsbed in that affair, with the evident intention of diskuading him fiom cugaging mit And what does be say is Fhown IF €o not go againat State righte? and admitiing thie we bave the same ryb’ to bold slaves eva- @ North bave to prohibit i Where dues Ret when msn surjecis bia felow vo tonally commence! no, indeed, this is not the worst form of slavery bondage. 5 }be evi) commenced when one man by emvlo: wg a anmnber 6: bis fellows, and be bis-seif lived ox the profits of thelr Jab: ‘Thue, toiling yesr after year, ibe laborer becomes more ixuo rant ind por. te employer more wise an! wealihy, And by and bye the poor man becomen an enay victim to the eapxtity Of the aristocrat, What be firat received pay for he at iast ‘bled to do for nothing. Now iet me lsy down a role tast bali do away wil With menus! Jabor was! be cousumes. ‘So that we see, Mr. President, that the same leaven ts Btilla! work, and work it must, beomuse it proceeds from the very constitution of homan nature. I mention it not by way of reproach. Every wise and prudent man, every slatestaun must know that the buman breast is mstinct With certain passions; and statesmen and wive men, a tlead of ignoring them, must prepare to restrain and guide them. Now, I say, that with an experiment which tm expored to such d 's, it seems to me there could not be a better thing than to associate it inthe game govern. mept with an ir iivence like ours, with # scheme of socinty Fimvilar to that which Las been irtroduced into the Souto ern States. But, sir, 1 am told that all this is wrong; you oppore its extension. becanse the system itself, you’ say, is wrong; because, in your opinion, it is doing mischiof the world. If I am vighs nen che past, if the teachings of history, if the ex ee of man are to be trusted, we bave ho right to denounce this aystem of society as wrong. 1 have shown that it is the norma! copaition of human sv- ciety, that a large majority of mankind have practiaod, and still practice upep it, and if Thad time or taste for the vask, T could ge into a still closer comparison and show you that some things that you denounce as evils of ala very are to be found ip what is called voluntary rervitade for wages in the crowded States of the Old World. There is not # mischief that yon can name in this state of society, growing out of siavery, for which | cannot find you a parallel in the other syetem in the Old World; and if there fre cases where men in slavery have to submit their persons aud their wills to will of another—so under the spur of necessity, the pressure of poverty the same cases may found in what ie called the free labor system of the Old World, where population does press upon the moand\of subsistence. Jask then, sir, why is it that the Territories of the Union are to be occupied only for the developement of a echeme of society which as yet is a mere experiment— an experiment, it ig true, whted T hope will encered, but whore succers i¢ yet doubtful—and that ours is w be tinted and dwarfed and exchided, which is no experi- ment? We know from actual trial that our eystem is ca- ble of great gocial, moral apd political developement, ‘e know that it is consistent wrth stable government, aud with free institutions, so far ae white men are concerned With us, so far as’ the white claes is concernad, thore Dever was any organization of human society in which the equality between all the members of that race was 50 complete and fo perfect. There never was any scheme or gocicty in which it was so safe to try the experiment—I speak now of the whites—of free iabor united with free government and universal suffrage. Such a political or- ganization doce not shake or disturb us. We go on with Tegular advance, undisturbed by any of those coatoaus which shake and convulse governments which arefounded upon other gocial systems. I believe that the system of free labor as it is practiced fu the non-slaveholding Siates, the experiment which they have commenced, will be much apter to succerd if associated with us than if they were to cast loose ant separate themaetves. If lam righi, the labering clasees of the North have the deepest possi- ble iterert in a political asrociation with the Southern States. The areociation with such an influeoce must be la every way beneficial to that clare in the free States. Linow, Mr. Preeident, that thore who are not acquainted with our system, insist inat it dwarfs the non-slayeholder, the poorer clase of the whites. On the contrary, it is as bene- cial to him av |! isto the slave owner. If ‘there be auy profit tn slave labor it is not derived by the slave owner only. Almost every man in the communtty who is worth anything, or whose own labor or services are worth ay- thing, hires for a limited period the services ofa slave; aad ifpiave labor be profitable ts the owner, it is also profiiabie the man who hires it; and I koow many practical men who say they believe it more profitable ‘to hire than to own it. So itis with the land in the older free States; it te owned by but comparatively few people; but there are & great many who ue it a8 tenants, who rented, und the fame thing ig to be found in regard to the slave labor of the South. There are comparatively few who own it, but there are a great many who hire it; and it would be ag much against the truth of politica! economy to gay that the man who hires it cid uot derive al'ruutages from it, as it would be to say that the man who rented land dic not make money out of his lesechold. Nor is it true that the institution of Flavery makes manual labor, on the part of the whites, despicable in the slaveholding States. Thora ie DO country on earth in which honest labor, as J believe, is more rerpected: aud of this T am certain, that every white laborer in (he tlaveholding States is more nearly on an equality with every other mar in the community than every white laborer in the North is on terme of equality with every other mun tn the North. I aay then, sir, unless there be rome motivo of sections! hate, some biner hostility agamet us, some belief that there is to be an irrepressible conflict be tween the two systems of organization—un!ess some such potion as this is barbored im the Northern mind, I cannot for the life of me see bow, om any calculation of intevest, they ehonld object to the growth and the deve lopement of our scheme and aystem of socicty. It is not, dy natures sr sptagonist to theirs; on the contrary, it niskes our interests stbsisiary to theirs, instead of being hort!'e and rivai. It does not diminish your power at all; on the contrery, you have a larger shere of powor when the incresee te by slave States, rathor than when the in- crease ts by free States, Why’ then, ir, ts this war kept up? Why Tot, for the intorest of ‘borh sections and all ciagees, lay down your arms and put an end to this war- fare against ve? Suppose i could be dene; suppose the government of this Union could really be administered in the sp rit of justice and the constitution, who could ag- gignthe mite to oor fmture growth? ‘That thoy extet somewhere we ali mue’ Row. Whorever they are, they would be found far, far away beyond the political hori- zon which bounds our mortai Vielen. Sir, when we come to Bee what we might he, aud how we might hecome the marter infuence ot the universe, f this Ueion were pro perly acministered according to the principles of justice ana the conttitation, the imagination halts at the mighty conception, and the mind. rapt in the contempiation of the giant ebadows of our fnture acrose the perspective, sink® under the effort to roaliza ubat glories pageant of human grandenr as it passes be- fore the view. Mr. President, are we to be disuppointod of such a destiny as this, in the mad porsutt of absirac- tions and universa’s,conjared up by moonstrnck theor iets and crazy fonatics? Has political sclenne yet reached the dignity of a certain ‘Gun the politician, like the mathematician, reason to certain and to eafe resuits from. abstract formule? Sir, the statesman is he who derives bix philosophy from the experience of the world The theoretic politician i he who would force the world to | The one founds | contorm its experience to his philosophy stable government, builds up dynastice and empires; the other cettroys social institutions, makes revolution and leavee aparchy and confusion behind him. Will not the intelligence of the North esve our government from {ail jc into such hands as thee? Is it poeeible that such a thy 88 OUrs Might he is to be conrignad to guch keep- ing? Sir, | know that there ts a noble army of Northern cemoerais and conservatives who, true to the constitution and to the Union, are doing gallant service in the cause of both. There m not s patriot in the land who dose not re- spect and Sympathize with thai gallant band as they Aght bravely on in the faow of prokeripiion and defeat, aud who doce not litt up his hands to pray for success for such manly efforts bit gins! we a!l know that victory is not alweys awarced to the eide of virtue and imtelligence. It may be, alter all, that thie republican party does indeed possess the powe? which it claims, and in te hands may rest the £ shoars which may clip the ‘threads of our national destiny forever, Sir. if power "should fall into their bande, lot them consiter whether they will keep up this comstent warfare opon tho inatitution of slavery wherover itexists, whether they will deay us our coneti- tutional rights spor the chat it falls under the ban of a higher iw: whet will do nothing to prevent od repress armed incurs of their peopie upon our people; whether they mean to use this government Yor tha purpose ¢ andl destroying our peace, our property, and p fives: and if they believe tn their hoarts that the law of right and of it, then Jet them remember ato ‘power a my on there ne cen adminiet govern jn only wo be really and severeiy tested | Bir, once piace befere ‘to press | at the pri 1 bope tbat by thas time the intelligence and the virtue of tho people may co im | seekmg the means of defending their jives, their prove | pba their Donor, and, mm to enable them | cums dee, tal ant | tas | MY conntyy. ine tne for remote from iruihan ght ie | might of 2 nod the arbitrary. be | the State the notary 18 asknowlecg progress, ag they sweep | upon them, exer the onet of tho Tinton tani? South the altersayve of unio nee of an irrepresaible eenfiict, of eternai warfare Bron its Eoedal MBtituLOnK, oF Reparation, with the view of ‘opinion, ubey wil! not ne- } jong in accepting the latter, J fay, then, sir, tots | party, that if these alternatives are t) be fureed on the | Beath, when the iatal deed ts arcomptished, vpop their beace and upew thew congewnces ii) ress tho reepons)- Dolity for the #m and tte conseqnences, Sv, in that event | the accusing voice of human bistory will ring Psrough ail | the oger to impeach them at the bar of posterity, for har ing Certroyed the noblest seheme of coustitutionsl liperty | which the wisdom of 8 EVER Gevised; and upon | that fearful ieeue each of sucereding generadous of men will record ite verdict of guilty against them. Their own descendants will heap reprogeches upon the names of those who disappomms them of the destioy whieh would have been the richest inberitance that one generation eva pequeath another. But when it is asked upon what view ‘ef the constitation; upon what ¢opsideration of religion or philonthropy; upoh what caleulation of interest, genera) or rections!, the fatal deed was done, where will the satifactory answer be found, and who shall arise inx that day to defend their name from the foul reproach? let ua see | Mr. Presitent, when J think of whnt tt i# that may oe de- strayed by this narrow epirit of sectional hate and inOnry Tiurn away from the contemplation with @ feeling almost indignant deepair; but I will net as yet despair of 1 will yet hope that the great army of and convervatives will arise in the se, and expel the intra“ers from the ra of power. 1 will trnst im the influence of trath, whose empire is felt in every human heart when once it has tonebed it. } will put my faith higher yet—in Provi« dence—for it cannot De that God will permit such a scheine of government as this, freighted, aa it might have been, with the highest hopes of humanity, to be wrecked ih the wild orgies of madmen and fanatics’ But, sir, if T should sai} ip there hopes, T may then, indeed, deapair of the Union; but Teil! not deepnir of the ability of my con- stitverts and of my fellow citizens of the rlavebolding States to throw off a yoke which will be doubly xecarged and galling for having been latd by hands that onght to have been friendly, nor would f Gouns their ability to es- tablish for themecives a confederacy which may becoine and remain great, glorious and free; and it wilt be t that overnment that Tehsl! then Jook for the protecting shu- sow under which I may repose in peace and eafety for the remainder of the days that are allotted to me upon earth. OUR INTERSTATE RELATIONS. Important Message of Governor Letcher on the Course of the Governor of Iowa im Refusing to Surrender Coppoc -Gov. Kirkwood Severely Dealt Wit Exscuriva Devartusyt, Feb. 13, 1800, GysT ENEN OF THE Skpats 4No Hovem ov Detraates— Shortly sfter 1 entered upon my executive duties, I mace & requisition upon the Governor of Jowa for Barclay Ooppoc, who bad been engaged in the Harper’s Ferry raid, aud bad fied from justice. Ihad satisfactory evi. sence that the fugitive was, at the time, at the residence of bis mother in that State, and subsequent events bave fully contirmed the accuracy of the information. The Governor refused to grant the requisition, for reasons as. figned in two levers which accompany this communica: Won, and to which I invite your attention. The reasons assigned are, in my judgment, exceedingly frivolous, aud such as have in uo previous instance, to Noribern democ slavery. Tet each and every men produce | my knowledge, intivenced the action of any State Execa- tive mm ite iptercourse with ‘this Commonwealth. The course of the Governor im this matter, consideted in connection with the views presented in his inaugural message ih relation to the occurrences and actors in the Harper's Ferry outi age, force upon my mind the coucla flow that bie action was taken, ii not with the jutention of permitting Coppoc to escape, abd thus shield him from just punishment for crimes of the most serious aud ravated character, committed agatut the sovereignty aud laws of this State, yet with @ certainty that it must bave that eflicct. He dectizes to grant the requisition, in bis letter of the 23d of January ‘ast, upon two gréunds:— Firet—That the affidavit ‘18 not authenticated by, the notarial seal’? of the notary who administered the oath to the affiant. The notary before woom the affidavit was wade was duly appointed, in pursuance of the laws of this Commonwealth, and bis siguature was acoompanied by @ scroil, in precise conformity with <stablished usage aud the decisions of our courts, which recognise scrolls as seuis. The object of a notarial seal other than a scroll can only be 10 give the document to which itis appended ad- ditional authenticity, and to show, by the sanction of an official seal, that the oiticer haz greater authority than a mere individual. In this cage, the Executive of this State, having-the ap- pointment of the nowry, bas the knowledge of be official Biation, and by authenticating tho requisition and the do- coments to support it with the great seal of the State, Rives greater authenticity to the signature of thé notary than the notaria! seal can possibly give. By the seal of to be a proper offi- cer to administer osths—to be such an officer ag he de- clares bimseif to be—and that the paper to which the officer has given his certificate i such a paper ag should be received and ecknowledged to be authentic. The Go vernor of Iowa, therefore, had sufficient evidence to justi- ty the sesne of his warrant for the arrest of the fugitive. Tadeed, be seems to have considered this reason insufli- cient, as he follows tt with the declaration that ‘it is in its bature technical.”” The seocnd renson be astigne (and this he regards as concinsive) is, that the demand jor the requisition showld be accompanied i “‘the copy of an indictment found, or en affidavit made before a magistrate.” The act of Con- grese Which requires the rendition of fugitives from jus- tice War passed tn the year 1793, and does provide that whenever the executive authority of any State, &c., shail demand @ person ag a fugitive from justica, of the executive authority of any other State, “aud shall, more- over, produce the copy of an indictment found, or aflida. vit_ made before a magistrate of apy Statey’’ &c , the ex: ecutive shall deliver him, &¢ Bui the Governor of lowa has failed to see that by an act of Congress pasved on the 16th cay of September, 1850, it is provided, “that im all « in which, under the laws of the United States, oaths or affirmations or acknowledgments may be taken bofore any justice of the peace, of any Stateor Territory, such caths, affirmations or acknowledgmenis may be hereafter 0 taken or marie by, or before any noiary public duly npetbled in any State or Territory.” This act andoubt. edly recognises notaries public a8. proper officers before whom affidavits can be made, % all such cases, and com. pletely overthrows the reason “ussigned by the Governor of Towa, and makes the case so plain that a"gumieut and iilustration can add nothing to it. Tue Governor's second letter, dated the 24th of January, assigns anotber reason in justification of his refusal to grant the requision, vi ts not stated, uoless it be inferentially, that Coppos committed Ube acts charged | in the State of Virginia '? On reference to the proceding | paragraph in his lcuer, Governor Kirkwood uses this lan: guage —“Mr, Hunter states tbat from information re- ceived by him from certain pereovs condemned and exe ented in your State (Virginia), and from other fagta which have come to his knowledge, he believes that Coppoo waa aiding and abettiog John Brown and others, who, on cer tain days, in Virginia, committed certain crimes, and that frem information recently received, he verily believes that Coppoc i # fugitive from justice escaping in this Sttte.”” Ac cording to this statement of the allegations contained in the affidavit, transmitted under the seal of thie State to the Governor of Iowa, the charge is clear and distinct that the crimes were committed in Virginia, and that Coppoc is a fugitive fromn justice. ‘These are a!l the reasons assigned by the Governor of Iowa for bis extreordimary conduct ip refusing to grant the requizition asked for by me in the name and on be. WC of this State, Io my judgment thoy fall very far short of a justitieation. The act of Copgress provides that when a requisition is properly made fer a fugitive from justice “it shall be the uty of the executive authority of the State or Territory which such person chal bave fled to cause hin or her to he arrested and secured, and notice of the arrest to be Riven to the executive authority making such demand, or to the agentof such authority appointed to receite the fu- gitive, and to cause the fugitive to be delivered to such agent when he shall appear.” Comity between friendly Rister States would aeem to require that, in notorious cases Uke the present, of aggravated offences known to the | Whole county, the off-nder should not be permitted to escape tor mere technica! objections. Comity would seem to require thet the act of Congress should be complied wilh, and that the Governor should “cause Lim or ber to he arrested end fecured, and notice of the urrest to be iven to the executive authority making sich demand,’ uggest the defect in the requisition, and then if Secured (o deliver up the fugitive—if not, to discharge him. | And such was the course of the patriotic aud enlightened Exeentive of Pennsylvania in the case of Edward Hazlett, who was demanded by the name of Albert Haziett. But when the prisoner swore that | his peme was not Haziett, but Albert Harrison, instead | of dischargme him, he was remanded to jai by the | Judge, aud there held | ed by i until a requisition could be award. v. Wise, under his propsr name. How different haa been the course of the Governor of Jowa! Instead of causing this offender to be arveeted and poured, and notice of the arrest given to the Executive of Virginia, be actoaily published in the newspapers of | his State, as T bave reason to believe, his letter addressed | to me, and belore Lcoula have reveived it, thereby giving | hotice to the criminal to make bis escape before the , requisition could be amended if tt had Deeu erroneous. | have also reasen to believe that a message was depstch fd to give information to the criminal that the agent of the late wasin pursuit of bim; bul whether (his message Was Sent by the Governor or by some otber person to { ay act bad been communicated, I am not ad- | vised. ‘The Virginia aw vpon this subject provides that, “when- ‘er cny person shall be fouud within this State, | charged with treason, felony or other crime com mitted in apy other State, any Justice may, apon complaint or osth, or other ‘satisfactory evideuos, | that euch person committed the offence, is#ue a warrant to bring the mn #0 charged before the same or some other Justice within the state.” If it ehali appear to the Justees that there is reasonable cause to bejieve thal the complaint is true he shali commit the ofanBet to prisen, aul #hall apprise the Governor thereof, “who shail there- vpon communicate the same to lie Executive of the State where the crime is charged to Lave been committed.” Stace I bave been in office 1 have executed this law, by giving the required informatton to the Executive of Ohio ‘This is the comity required between friendly sister Statoe not the action which will refuse to arrest @ flagrant offender, shield him ‘from justice on frivolous pretexts, and then give him notice to fee. Such couid have beon prompted by po other consideration than sympathy for the eriminal and the crime On reference to the Code of To der the title, “Fugitives from i is provided that “whenever a demand is made upon ‘the Governor of this State by the Execative of auy other State or Territory, in any case authorized by the constitation and lays of tha United Siates, for the delivery of any person charged ta such State or Territory with any crime, such person i no! held in custody or under bail to answer (or any offence againet the laws of the United States or of this State, he shall igsve bie warrant under the seal of the State anthe izing the sgent who makes such demand, either forthwith Or ot snek time as may bo dekignated in’ the sarrant, to take aud transport such person to the itne of this State at acl 20, p. 458, un | Governor Kirkwood, of lows, and june | Mary Ann Cowen committed sui the expense of such agent, and msy also by euch warrant officers i atord mewiful assistance tn seotlun of the law clearly dofines the duty of theExccutive of Jown m tho case under consideration, avd preeerihéa ta clear and distmct lecms the course to be pursued by Dita; and if it bad been. observed we would now bave bad this violator of our laws in a condition to ineure his trial for the crimes charged ageinst Lim. AB matters Low aland itis barely possible that he may be arrested aud brought to trial, A few days ago I received the “innugaral addrees”’ of ‘agraph relatio fo the recent occurrences at Harper's for shows mot clesrly that bis feelings YMpathies are warraly enlisted. ont jde of John Brown and bia criminal asaociates, While he unqual@ediy condemns the ast, yet “he cannot wonder at the recent nnfortuna'e abd bloody occurrences at Larpor’s Ferry)’ while he does not justify it, he yet ceclares it was “relieved to rome exient of Ite ‘guilt, ia the minds of many, by ‘he fact that the blow wae struck for freecem, and pot tor slavery ”’ Aui be further says:— “While the groat wass of our Northern people uteriy concemn the get of Joho Brown, they feel aad they ex- prese udmiration and sympathy for the disinterestednese of purpose by which they boiieve he wae governed, and for the urtipching courage and cam cheerfulness | withy which he met the copsequenoce of tis failure.” The denia! of this requisition, and. pumerous other evi- deners of untricndly feellug which are Li exhibited cally by a large portion of the Northern apd their Tepresentatiye men towards the South nak (0 inputanon of domestic'slevery, ought to impress upon us the neces- ity of adopting prompt, energaic and decided measures: jp pce our rights, secure direct trade, estab= feb manufactures, and thes acbieve Southern indepen« cence, When men holding the highest offieial position in the free States, “eel” and “exprees admiration aad sym-~ pathy’ for those whose characters are blackened with crime, end whore han i are élaiued wih the blood of in- nocent and unoflending citizens of the slaveboldng States when they solemnly ceciare that they “cannot wouder af the recent unfortunate and bloody occurrences as Har- per’s Ferry’’—we must cease to be surprised when we sce ‘Ahe copsutution, and the laws enacted for the protection of Mberty and’ property, scleregarced, contemned and trampled upon. We must mect this spirit of agrreesion upon the slaveholding States steruly and resolu ef to thigend unton and harmeny are indwpensable to suc- cosas. We must have a united Sonth. Necessity and duty to ourselves, and to those who are identified with us im imtercet and eympatby, alike derannd it, ‘The Union, as formed by our fathers, has sya com- wanded the respect and affection of the people of Virgin: and they have always been and atill are ready to eustaim and defend it. They haye ever been loyal to the constita- tion, and willing to tender a prompt anc cheerfa) obedience: to all laws passed in pursuance thereof. Their ab! to thelr sister States in the surrender of fogitives from Josvce, and in discharge of ajl other duties devolving upon them, bave been jatthfally complied with. The Southera people ark for nothing beyond rand I trust they wili be satisfied with nothing less. time, therefore, that our Northern brethren should une derstand that the only meens of insuring the perpetuity of the Union is to exbibit a proper respect for the rights. of the States, to observe the constitation, execute the laws and deal justly with their brethren of li seotions of the country. & course on their part will reetore peace to a distracted country, will reunite the severed ties of affec- tion, and revive the reign of fraternal ong fully, JOHN The Filoa: ery at Hoboken, TO THE BDITOK OF THE NEW YORR HRKALD. Junsey Crry, Feb. 13, 1860. T noticed in the Huraxp of yesterday that your reporter ‘was foiled in bis attemst to get a peep at the formidable steam battery in Hoboken. Having my curiosity excited while reading the ‘ong catalogue of disasters occasioned: by the late gale, and the demolition of @ part of the high fence which has provented the argus eyes of meddling gos: sippers from penetrating the mysterious cloud that hag bung 80 leng over that partof Hoboken, I started early on Saturday morning, hoping to gos the advantage of com- modores, generals and carpenters. Tarrived just in time to see the wonder of the Teutonic city, and must bonestly confess that I was from disap- pointed. Iexpected to behold some beautiful specimen of the handiwork of man—something new, wondérful aod strange—caiculated to frighten half, if not all mankind, Imagine a long trench or canal, about 400 feet in . and forty or fifty feet wide, scooped out ently by nature—one end, however, walled up by artiicial means. A rude dam protects the basin on the river aside; and as this is tho only outlet to tha «sea, of courge the monster must writhe, foam, flap and tlounder ere it is delivered from the prison that has so long con- fiued it. In this gulch or basiu we beheli the wonder of the nineteenth century—nothing more than a marine skelo- ton approximating to the suape of a long clipper saip, 200 feet or iers in length, 40 or 50 feet wide, razeod to within a few feet of her water fine. Now, suppose this super- structure, formed of iron plates bali an much thick, bolted together very neatly with iron rivets, and the whole co- vered over with piank, except, perbapa, about one-tuird towards the stern, which ts ieit entirely open, exposing the hoid, that isasempty asan oid boiler of goms de- cayed tugboat, The frame work is of iron, similar to the pilaster used in building stores, &c. ,ovty exceedingly frail and delicate; in fact, the whole fabric is safer im its quiet cradle than it would be runnin, ‘trip across the Hudson when filied with floating ice. itever may be concealed under the old piank amidships I was unable w discover, ag I did not wish to cut every cord that holds the curtain of mystery over it; but the myth (pardon the term) is om unfinished, uncouth specimen of | architecture that possibly may in time change into a splendid marine de- fence, cven ag tho worm turneth into « gorgeous butter- fly. Yours, VERITAS. Coroners’ Inquests. Deaty OF 4 Powtictax—Nwcecr in 4 StaTI0x Hovsr.—< Coroner Gamble yesterday held an inquest at the New ‘York Hopital on the body of Robert S. Collins, a well ‘known republican politician of the First ward, who died on Tuesday under somewhat peculiar circumstances. On Monday morning about one o’clogk, 28 Thomas Hyer, the pugilist, was passing through Fifth avenue, near Thir- teenth etreet, he discovered deceased lying in the middla of the street, and, eupposing he was intoxicated, took him to the Eighth ward station house, whore be was.cared for ug if under the influence of liquor. It subsequently ap- peared that he had fallen from a carriage while intoxi- cated, and received a severe fracture of the ckull, which. owing to the want of timely medical ussistance, resulted im bis death. The jury rendered @ verdict of compres- sion of the brain, the result of a fail. Further, they re- commended that better measures be taken to provida medical attendance for persons brought into the station houses in a condition similar to that of the decoased, Fatat Acciprnt —Coroner Gamble beld an inquest ow the body of William Bishop, a native of Fog?and, sixty years of age, who died yesterday at the New York Hospi- tai, from injuries received by a dale of colton falling upon bim, on Tuesday last, at the store of his employors, 425 ivater Street. A verdict of accidental death was ren- ered. Fart AcctveNt To A Macnrist.—OCoroner Gamble held an ingaest yesterday on the body of Charles A. Shultz, a German, aged 35 years, who was killed on the 11th inst. , at West Carrington, Conn., where he had gone to set up some machinery in the paper mill of Messrs. Shaw & Co. Yeceased was caught in a revolving belt, and go severely injured that he died in a few hours. iis remains wera brought to this city for interment. Avortectic Fit.—John B. Allen, residing at 30 Eighth street, died yesterday at the New York Hospital, whore ho bad been admitted on Monday, suffering under a stroke of apoplexy. Deceased was at one time a suttier m tha United Statcs army. at Tampa Bay. The Coroner was no- tidied to hold an inquest. Fatariy Brrvep.—An inquest was yesterday held by Gorover Gamble, at the New York Hogpital, upon the body of Hannah Levi, a gir! fourteen years of age, whe died from the effects of burns received in the house of her employer, at 114 Fifth street. Deceased waB engaged near the store wheu her clothes caught fire, burning her tm such @ menner that death ensued, Police Intelligence, Tuert oF Briard Bai1s.—Frederick Hubert and Johr Kelly were arrested on charge of stealing four billiar® bali, valued at $20, the property of Franklin Burns, pro+ prietor of a billiard saloon at 626 Broadway. The ace cnecd were playing a game a few beg eine. and or their departure the bel's were miszed. wero subse- ently found in the poesession of John Del who, it ie alleged, had altered them to prevent identification. ’ Hu- bert and ry were committed for examination, aud Twbos was held on a charge of receiving stolen goods. OetarixG Moxey Usper Pars PRETEWOES—A Foouse PurcisssR—A peddler, named Abraham Levi, called at the house of Mr. Peter Fischer, West Thirty-firet street, on the 16th ult., and offered to dispose of the contents of nis pack (which he represented to be very valuable), for the sum of $42, stating at tbe enme time that he was in needy circumstances. Mr, Fischer gave him $37, the bargain being that he war to return and take his pack for $15. He taiied to keep his c t, and. Was arrested yesterday, Justice Kelly hi wo answer. Asornen Morver—Fatat Arrray is Troma’ Srrget.q< Oo Saturday evening a drunken braw! took place {na low den, situated at 4134 Thomas street, occupied by biacke. and whites of the most degraded character, resulting in the death of Mary Stewart, one of tho inmates, yesterday, It 18 impossible to axcertain the particulars or the origin of the cisturbance, the alfray haying been, through some. means, kept from the kuowlodge of the potice, and infor- mation of it havicg reached Captain Hutchings, of the hitth precmet, for the first ime on Tuee evening. When the aflair became known, oifloer Fields was de- Spetched to the scene of the effray, where he found that Mary Siewart, the only one thai had been severely in- pured, was cared for privately by 1utereated ‘ies. Po- hee Surgeon Kenucey wes called tn, and found ber in a dying condition. Officer Field, after much trouble, su céeced in arresting Ephraim Hugo, Enoch Folks, James Jvihibs, colored, aud Aum Styles, ‘@ white woman, on vepicon of having been engeged in the fight. Aum "gee that the Jatal biow was struck by Hugo; and Fio- bora Jackson, Caughter of Huso, asserts that Folks con- freed that be struck Mary Stewart ove or more biow The Coroner bas taken the caee in hand and will com- mence an investigation this morning. The prisonera were taken to the Tombs and committed by Justice Connolly te ait Lae action of the Coroner. Suicror iy Proviwknce.—On Saturday afternoon, Mra. Je at Providence by taking polfon. She was of a meitncholy temperament, and about three inonths ago attompied to cnt uor throat She bad throe chilcren, and Uved on good terms with her husband. DISCRIMINATING AGADY nr—The Corn Fe. change of Saltimors are charging the Baltimore and Obie Jroad with discriroinating against the trade of that wor of the through trade. The Iogisiaturo hes i ate the charges. dd lines te trouble from the ean