The New York Herald Newspaper, February 16, 1860, Page 6

6 NEW YORK HERALD. eee JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFION N. W. CORNER OF NASSAU AND FULTON STS. cash tn adwance, Money sant by matt wit be at the THE SEO ARALD. com Sabsraay, ch oie code, {, OF $8 por annem; fe Bureneee Binion cory SS et ots conte per , 9h pr onc 3 are part a ~ abiorn thatth and Bh ef each month ch ola ends Per copy. or $1 60 per annum. Wolame EXV....cccescssseeeenseeeees +10 MO. 46 ACADEMY OF MUBIO, Fourtesath stroet.—Iratiax Oana Dee Frerscactz. NIBLO’S GARDEN, Broadway.—Cooxs’s Rovat Aurai- euzaras, BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Ricgard = ITI.—Niox Warrriss WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, opposite Bond street— Ouvss Twist. ~ WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Romance or 4 Poor Yourc Max. LAURA KEENE’S THEATRE, 6% Broadway.—Jeaxiz Drews. NEW BOWERY THEAT Bowery.—Acrarss or Panva —Poity JonpaN—TuRes vast Man. BROADWAY BOUDOIR. 444 Broadway.—Box ann Cox— Goop rox Evu—Five w One, THEATRE FRANCAIS, Broadway.—It. rapt Qu’ UNE Porte Sorr Ovverts ov Faawas—Le Cugvausk DES Dauxs—Piccorer. BARNUM’S AMERICAN MUSEUM. Broadway.—Afer- peon—Wax.oce or trax Gien—Cossiex amp His Wire. ‘Evening—Ocroxoox. BRYANTS’ MINSTRE! way —BURLESQUES, SONGS, vax Brus. NIBLO'S SALOON, Broadway.—Gro. Currrr's Mur- greets in Sons, Dances Buriesques, 40.—Dovsis Bevpep Me. Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broad: ances, &0.—We COME FROM NINTH STREET, one door east of Broadway.—SoLoMon's ‘Tewrce. COOPER INSTITUTE.—Rev. W. H. Miceory’s Lactore On Wuat 4 Buxp Man Saw un ENGLAND. _TRIPLE SHEET. New York, Thursday, February 16, 1860, The News. The Arago reached this port yesterday morning, with our European files dated on the Ist inst., con- taining the details of the news telegraphed from Portland after the arrival of the Bohemian. We publish to-day a most important résumé of the progress of the great religious war be- tween Napoleon and the Pope, giving the encyclical letter of his Holiness, the ‘offi- cial report on the conduct of Z' Univers in publishing it, and the imperial decree ordering tke suppression of the paper. The Emperor in some measure denies the spiritual infallibility, hitherto claimed, of the Pope, and endeavors to separate the French church from that of Rome in such an open manner that a London paper asks:— “Who will be the Luther of France, or Calvin of Central Italy?” The progress of the free trade movement is also noted. We give a report of a de- bate in the English Parliament on the question of mercantile marine reciprocity, with some very in- tevesting letters from our correspondents. A bril Hiant reception had been held at the Tuileries, when many Americans were presented to the French court. A very spirited account of the ceremony and succeeding scenes will be found elsewhere. The Prince Albert has arrived at St. Johns from Galway, with European news to the 4th inst. Con- sols had advanced an eighth, while cotton was steady, and provisions and breadstuffs quiet. The political intelligence is unimportant. By way of New Orleans we have advices from ‘Vera Cruz to the 10th inst. Miramon left the eity of Mexico on the 8th, for Vera Cruz, with 5,000 troops. His advanced guard had progressed as far as the National Bridge. Vera Cruz had been de- clared in a state of siege. By the arrival of the overland mail we have news from San Francisco to the 23d ult., three days later than the accounts received via the Isth- mus, and later advices from Oregon, Washington Territory and British Columbia. The news is not of general importance. The politicians were ac- tively engaged in preparing for the Presidential campaign. The San Francisco markets exhibited some improvement. In Congress yesterday the Senate receded from its amendment to the Post Office Ap- propriation bill abolishing the franking privilege, and the bill was passed. It was signed by the President during the day, and the mail contractors will get their money with as little delay as possible. The Senate then debated and passed, bya vote of 54 to 2, the bill abolishing the franking privilege. After a short executive ses- sion, during which several unimportant appoint ments were confirmed, the Senate adjourned. The House ballotted twice for Printer, without effecting a choice. The remainder of the se:sion was de- voted to the introduction of bills and resolutions on a great variety of subjects. But little of importance occurred in the State Senate yesterday. In executive session, the ap pointments of Mr. Van Valkenburg for Harbor Master, and Mr. Lounsberry for Port Warden were confirmed. The Assembly was engaged in an ani mated discussion on the Pro Rata bill. Ia the course of the debate the Speaker stated that a member of the House had written to New York inviting the use of $100,000 to defeat the bill. The Connecticut Democratic State Convention met at Hartford yesterday,and nominated Hon. ‘Thomas H. Seymour for Governor, and a full ticket for State officers, and also appointed delegates to the Charleston Convention. The latter are under. stood to be favorable to the nomination of Stephen A. Douglas for President. The extensive seizure of jewelry on board the Asia has terminated in a verdict in favor of the claimant. The lynx-eyed Custom House Inspectors, in the performance of their da- ties, thought that a wealthy Mexican banker, travelling with his family and nearly 23,000 francs worth of jewelry, had “more than the law allowed;” but it being satisfactorily proved that the articles were for personal use and not for mer- chandise, the government consented to surrender the goods to the claimants, which was done. Sudge Betts gave a certificate of probable cause for the seizure by the officers. The annexed table shows the temperature of the atmosphere in this city during the week ending February 11, the range of the barometer and ther- mometer, the variation of wind currents and the Btate of the weather, at three periods during each day, viz: at 9 A. M., and 3 and 9 o'clock P. M.:— 94.M. SP. MM. oP | 2 z je pad pe | ai overcast; mild all day, —Morning Monday—Morning overcast; night foggy. —Ciear a 0 ‘Taceday: day—night bright moonlight. We -—Morning clear; afternoon overcast; night oa te ~ moonligh all day; evening t and blow ing a gale during the night. " " riday—Blowing a gale all day; night moonlight and 3 Oderate, Savarvay—Cloar all day; night clear. NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1860.—TRIPLE SHEET. The Coroner's investigation into the circum. stances attending the death of Mr. Tuers, the cus- tom house watchman, who was murdered on the night of the 10th inat., was concluded, but no clue Le obtained as to the perpetrator of the assassi- nation. The trial of young Lane, for alleged defalcations in the Fulton Bank, was commenced yesterday. Some time was exhausted in empannelling a jury. A report of the proceedings is given in another columa. The Board of Education waa again agitated last evening on the Bible question. It came up as an amendment.to a resolution on the subject of ap- Pointing 8 special committee to look after legisla- tion at Albany. The amendment instructed the committee to “exert their energies to secure ex- Plicit authority to cause the reading of a portion of the Bible at the daily opening of each school under the jurisdiction of the Board.” Both resolution and amendment were adopted, after a long traia of counter motions had been disposed of, and the pecial committee named by the Chair. For particulars of the proceedings on this and many other subjects which came up we refer the reader o the report, which we publish to-day. Beef cattle were in active request yesterday, and an advance of half a cent was established on all kinds, prices ranging from 7c. to 10}c. per pound: Milch cows were steady and firm at previous prices. Veals were active, at 34c. a 60. a 7c., in- clading all kinds. Sheep and lambs were insteady air demand, at $2 50 a $7 50, including all kinds’ from inferior to prime extra. Swine were also ac- tive, at 6c.a7c. per lb, The number on sale was 2,463 beef cattle, 140 cows, 457 veals, 5,663 sheep and lambs, and 3,993 swine. The cotton market was steady yesterday, with sales of 1,000 bales, closing on the basis of quotations given in another column. Flour was less buoyant for common grades, while good extra brands were firm and un changed. Wheat was firmly held; sales embraced white Cavada, in store, at $1 38; Milwaukes club on private terms; and a small lot of prime white Michigan at $1 50. Corn was heavy and sales moderate at 78c. a 79. for white and yellow Jersey and Southern. Pork was firm and in good demand, both for immediate and future delivery, with sales of new mess on the spot at $18 3734, and new prime at $14.50. Sugars wore firm, with sales of about 300 hhds. and 850 boxes, at prices given in another place. Coffee was firm, with sales of 1,400 bags Rio and Santos at 12440. Freight engagemen'g were fair to Liverpool and London, and at steady rates. The New Order of Thing n Europe— Approaching End of the Papal Tempo- ralities. It will be seen, by the copious details of the European news which we give elsewhere to- day, that the great struggle which is to con- vulse the Old World and agitate the New has begun, and that Louis Napoleon and Pio Nono, as representatives of antagonistic systema, are fairly set against each other, and each is gath- ering his supports around him. But the struggle, great as it will be, pro- mises to be a moral, and nota physical one. There seems to be no cloud in the political horizon that threatens to belie the fair promise of peace which the French Emperor gave on the opening of the new year. In the momen- tous conflict which is rising, the parties are so evenly balanced, or so exhausted, that should they break the bonds of peace, the victorious sword of France, thrown into either scale, would at once decide the question. The con- flict is a conflict of theories and ideas, and the arms which are to be used are those of truth and reason. Inthe result the Emperor must suppress the temporalities of the Pope, or the Pope must overthrow the dynasty of the Em peror. The present epoch is like that of Charlemagne, when the worn out ideas that for athousand years labored through the decline and fall of the Roman empire required a re- modelling in accordance with the fitness of ex- isting things. The old Church, as it had been constructed in the earlier centuries of the faith, had been a powerful instrument for the destruction of the nations upon whom it seized. It displaced the active feeling of national heroism and glo- ry, and exalted in its stead the passive senti- ment of a thirst for martyrdom and canoniza- tion in the calendar of the Church. The cowl and the cassock succeeded the helmet and the cuirass; armies of monks displaced those of soldiers, and the way was opened for the mul- titudes of Goths, Huns and Visigoths who trod out so large a portion of the ancient civiliza- tion. The passive idea of the Church con- quered these in turn, and from their decay sprang Charlemagne and the claim of the Popes to temporal sway over the fertile pro- vinces of Italy. That sway has stood for a thousand years, growing more intense with every waning century, until it has nearly crushed out the true Italian life, and extended its blighting influence to Spain on one side, and Austria on the other. The northern na- tions of Western Europe threw off its yoke three hundred years ago, and even France, since the times of Richelieu and Louis the Four- teenth, has been more under the influence of the tramontane than of the ultramontane or purely Romish school in the Church. Freed from the chains of the Papal theories, these na- tions have developed until to-day the living and the decaying Powers of Europe are classed respectively as they reject or accept the tempo- ral theories of Rome. The new order of things everywhere now re- jects these theories. For long years they have been maintained in Italy only by foreign bayo- nets, and the very Pope who to-day defies Louis Napoleon and courts a noisy martyrdom is preserved from the hatred of his misruled sub- jects by a garrison of ten thousand French troops in the Papal city. If left to themselves, the people of Italy would to day hurl Pio Nono from the peninsula. In clinging to the worn out ideas that were established eight centuries ago, the Pope is the worst enemy of the Papacy. The world has outgrown the rule of ecclesias- tics and the union of Church and State, and the time has come for another remodelling of the Papal power. It must give up its temporali- ties, purify itself from the filth which these have brought around it, and assume its true position as the spiritual head, only, of one hun- dred and fifty millions of Christians. A deter- mined resistance to this necessity can only pro- duce events which are shadowed forth in the authoritative articlein the Paris Constitutionnel. The contest is there stated to be one of tempo- ralities, and not of dogmas; but in the argument the theory of the infallibility of the Pope re- ceives a terrible shock. In the present condition of Europe, and of the world, we cannot doubt the ultimate result of this great conflict. Unless the assassin hand of some fanatic priest, or the natural course of events, should shorten the life of Louis Napo- leon, he will bring it to a peaceful termination, and the arms of truth and reason will triumph. Should he be taken away, the bonds of society will be loosened in Europe, revolution will hold its bloody festival in Italy, and a worse fate will attend the papacy and the retrograde @ynasties. Under the rule of a new order of things Italy and Spain wil! wake to a new life and a new career of greatness. The Latin race, once the conqueror of the world, the creator of the arts and sciences, the legislator of nations, even to the present day, will rise with new vigor from its long enchainment and apathy, and take a noble share in the career of human developement and elevation. Progress of the Central Park. The metropolitan public, of all classes, have only just begun to appreciate the best, the most noble, the most grateful and the most beneficial of their public institutions, distinct from those of mere practical utility. The splendid Park is now beginning to emerge from a chaos of rocks and half-built roads, and unsightly ex- crescences and stunted trees, and to wear tha; daily beauty which will make it joy forever, and the richest of legacies to our posterity. The influence of the Park upon the people who enjoy ite varied attractions is none the less sure because it is attained by gradual steps. The work has progressed slowly, but surely. Sufficient has already been done to prove, in the amplest way, its incalculable value. During last summer the Park became a very popular resort for all classes. The Ramble was then visited by thousands of per- sons, who enjoyed the grateful shade, the perfume of the flowers,-the delightful music and the superb landscape views, and came back to the dusty and crowded city better and purer for their excursion. Later in the year the finest carriage road im the country was opened, and was fully appreciated and im- proved; and now, for our winter sports, we have skating ponds, which only need be kept ina little better order to surpass the famous Ser- pentine of Hyde Park, or the equally celebrat- ed lake in the Bois de Boulogne. On the Cen. tral Park ponds, since the cold weather set in, there has been presented a scene of animated gayety such as could not be surpassed in the world. Skaters and spectators, of both sexes and all classes, have mingled together in the pursuit of health, recreation, grace and inno- cent pleasure. Skirting the ponds might have been seen the finest equipages that the metro- polis can turn out, and the entire ensemble was delightful in the extreme. On Christmas day alone, it was estimated that nodess than 30,000 persons visited the Central Park, and on every other occasion when the skating was good there was a proportionate crowd. And, as a proof of the humanizing influences of the Park, we have not heard of a single instance of the row- dyism which has been but too common in this country when large assemblages came together. During the next year the value of the Park will be still more fully demonstrated. New drives and pleasant walks will be opened. For the first time there will be a proper place for the exhibition of the fine equipages which are main- tained in New York. Heretofore there has been no special drive within the city proper. Broadway is too much blocked up, and only a few persons drive in the Fifth avenue. There is no universal promenade, such as every city in Europe has, and where every one who keeps a carriage may be seen ata specified hour of the day. In New York it is estimated that there are over five hundred carriages main- tained by private individuals—a greater num- ber than is kept in London or Paris. The Cen- tral Park will give an opportunity for the pro- per display of all these fine equipages, and it will be the best drive in the world. The Central Park is a matter of national as well as of local importance. Its glory is the glory of the whole republic as well as of this imperial city. Our next census will probably show that the populatien of the United States exceeds that of England or France, while in extent of territory we stand among the greatest of empires, an- cient or modern. To-day New York is richer than Paris, and before many years this metropo- lis will be more wealthy than London. The Central Park is to ke looked upon as one of the chief evidences of qur progress in material wealth and in the culture of those refining in- fluences which distinguish the civilized man from the savage. The immense value of the Park, and its cheapness at any cost, seem so clear that even to allude to, much less to enlarge upon them, seems like arguing upon a decided case. Nevertheless we do allude to them, to express the hope that there cannot be found, either at Albany or elsewhere, any persons in authority who will make of themselves such ridiculous asses and nincompoops as to throw any obsta- cles or impediments in the way of the speedy completion of the work upon the Park. Albany legislation has already done a suffi- cient amount of mischief to the metropolis, without placing its fangs upon the Central Park. Let the work go on as it has begun. We can tell those who may be disposed to arrest it that if they do so they will have a heavy account to settle with the people, who will not forget them at the polls. The Policy of Conquest and Colonies Tested at Last. The recent advices from Europe, read in con- nection with the once popular and famous boast of England—that her policy was “colonies, commerce and conquest”—are full of melan- choly instruction and bitter lessons. Within ten days before the Arago sailed, the Bank of England had raised its rate of interest from two and a half to four per cent; and pri- vate letters intimate that a further advance may be expected. This movement—which here we should call a “panic’”’—has been caused by the recent enormous shipments of silver to the East to pay for the civil and military ex- penses of the British empire in India. To ex- plain them, we must premise by saying that, notwithstanding the oppressive and overwhelm- ing system of taxation enforced by the British in India, that colony has always been held at a loss to the English. It has cost somuch money to support the Governor General, and the Lieu- tenant Governors, each of whom lives in ori- ental splendor; to maintain an army more than tix times as large as that of the United States; ‘o pay enormous pensions to exiled monarchs, despoiled of their dominions by the East India Company; to keep up a civil service which was baeed on the principle that in twenty-five years every one should grow rich in it; to car- Ty on incessant wars and negotiations in a country without roads and without pro- duce suitable for European consumption— all these have cost so much money that, as we said, the Indian empire has always been a loss to the British. Though the government, under the Zemindary system of Bengal, takes one-half the produce of the country, in the shape of a land tax, and is equally exacting in Madras under the Ryotwary system, and in the north- west provinces under the village system, it has always been necessary to borrow something at the end of the year to make both ends meet. In some years the deficit has been small, but in others it has amounted to $20,000,000 to $25,000,009, which used to be borrowed in Eng- land by the company. When British India passed out of the hands of the company into those of the British go- vernment, it was resolyed to adopt a new plan. A new Indian stock, commonly called “rupee stock,” was created and guaranteed by the British government. This was freely issued by the government of India at Calcutta and else- where, in payment of its obligations. Unhap- pily, the commercial digasters occasioned by the war, and the general insecurity created by the same event, rendered this stock very hard of sale in India; holders, within the past year, have almost invariably pursued the policy of shipping it to England to be sold, and the pro- ceeds remitted back to them in silver. This system has been latterly so generally pursued that the shipments of silver to the East by each steamer have been enormous, as much as $2,500,000 having been shipped more than once in a single week. All of thissilver has of course been bought from France and paid for in gold. So heavy drain could only be withstood successfully when there was a corresponding influx of precious metals into England from other sources. So longas the Bank of Eng- land received $3,000,000 a week from the United States and Australia, it could afford to ship $2,500,000 to India. But when the supply from this country ceased, as it did six or seven weeks ago, the result—a monetary panic—was inevitable. Some of the foreign journals occasionally allude to our domestic troubles, and express sympathy for this country. Trying as some of these may be, there is no picture presented in the world at the present time so truly pitiable as thatof England as the mistress of India. There she rules a nation of, by last accounts, 178,000,000 of people, all of whom hate the English with such intensity that nothing but a military force equal to that of Great Britain herself prevents their rising and cutting every English throat in the country. These people are already so heavily taxed that human inge- nuity could not extract another rupee from them. As we mentioned above, one-half the whole produce of the land in the province of Bengal (which furnishes nearly half the whole Indian revenue) goes to the government, and every traveller concurs in representing the con- dition of the Bengal peasantry as beyond ex- pression poverty stricken. England cannot in- crease the revenue of India; she cannot reduce her expenses, or no Englishman’s life would be safe there for an instant; she cannot go on as she is doing without losing, to India, an amount of coin about equal to the pro- duce of Australia and California combined. In return for the bloodthirsty hatred of which Nena Sahib is the type, England pays to India so much silver that her home commerce is con- vulsed, her money markets deranged, and her citizens liable to be overwhelmed by monetary panics. Such is the fruit of a century’s adherence to the policy of “commerce, colonies and con- quest!” Such is the legacy left to England by her Clives, her Hastings, her Wellesleys, her Dalhousies and her Lawrences. For such a reward as this did they and their brave com- rades spend their blood, and did their country win the envy of the civilized and the execra- tion of the Asiatic world. It would have been a lucky thing for Eng- land if the rebellion had succeeded, and the British empire had been rid of an incubus from which it cannot peaceably relieve itself, and which every year will become more intolerable. Brack REPvBLicAN THEORY axp Practice.— Among the many important articles which over-crowd our columns this morning, the spe- cial message of Governor Letcher, of Virginia, must not be overlooked. In this message, Governor Letcher announces to the Virginia Legislature the refusal of Governor Kirkwood, of Iowa, to surrender to the proper authorities, upon a regular and legal requisition, the per- son of Coppoc, one of the Harper's Ferry con- spirators. Governor Kirkwood is, of course, ablack republican, and governs @ strongly black republican State. His action, then, in the case of Coppoc, furnishes us with a striking and instructive illustration of the inconsistency of black republican theory and practice; for, in Congress, the republican leaders assure us that they are conservative and law-abiding. But when, as in the case of Coppoc, this theoretical obedi- ence to law is required to be put into practice, and the Governor of Virginia issues his requi- ition upon the black republican Governor of Iowa for a fugitive from justice, then the cloven foot is plainly shown. The demand is flatly refused, and the law disregarded, simply be- cause the crime of which the fugitive is accused is one connected with elavery. By this re- newed exhibition of black republican consis- tency we are reminded that this great abolition party justify and would repeat just such out- rages and incendiary attemptsas the Brown raid; that the “irrepressible conflict” is not written upon the black republican programme as a remote possibility, but as a foreordaint and preresolved certainty; and last, but by no means least, that the conservative masses of the country must see the necessity of recon- ciling the black republican theory and practice by =" both to common defeat and anni- ation. IscrEasE OF THE Stave TrapE.—The Jour- nal of Commerce, in a whining tone, complains of the increased activity of the slave trade, which it is in evidence is “ plosecuted to an extent and with a success and audacity almost beyond precedent.” This is just what we have long since said, but which was denied by our contemporaries. Pious Aminidab Sleek, with tears in his eyes, also laments that “the majority of all the slavers leaving this country are fitted out in New York and the Eastern States.” This, too, we have stated over and over again; but every journal in the city con- twadicted us. The Tribune comes to the rescue, and throws all the blame on the South. Now, it so hap- pens that the slaveholders of the Southern States are opposed to the slave trade, for two reasons: First, because it reduces the value of the property they possess in the services of their own domestics; and secondly, because the imported slaves are intractable and ferocious cannibals, entirely different from the mild, Christianized, civilized, intelligent negro of the patriarchal institution of the South, The mix- ture of the savage natives of Africa with the domestic American negroes would corrupt and deprave the latter ao aa to endanger the peace and welfare of the Southern States, which have now as much slave labor as they want. The Southern negroes in servitude are better fed, better clothed, better housed, better cared for every way, and far more happy and con- tented, than the average of the working white population of the North, so many of whose fe- males, said one of the orators at the meeting of the American Women’s Association in this city on Tuesday evening, “had but one point to separate them from starvation, and that was the point of the needle—poor girls walking upon a bridge as narrow as a mathe- matical line, and trying to balance themselves on that and keep from eternal death.” How mise- rable their lot compared with the Southern ne- gro girls, who never know want or care or fear of the future! The slaveholders, there- fore, for the sake of their happy black popula- tion, as well as for their own sake, want noim- ported slaves. Those who embark in the slave trade are for the most part Yankees and New Yorkers, either of the republican stripe or of the hue of Ami- nidab Sleek. When the people of the New England States abolished slavery because it would no longer pay in their cold climate in the presence of so many hardy white emigrants from Europe, they did not set their slaves free, but sold them to the South forall the money they would bring, and only made the emanci- pation law operate upon the generation un- born. When they disposed of all their nig- gers at good cash prices to the slave States, they then embarked in the slave trade, and have supplied them with negroes ever since from Africa, till the traffic has become @ nuisance to the South, and the slaveholders are one and all crying out against it. The principal portion of the trade, however, is carried on with Brazil and Cuba; and the abolition leaders at the North, and all the anti-slavery demagogues and their organs, whether pseudo-democratic or re- publican pure and simple, know far more of those engaged in the business than do any par- ties south of Mason and Dixon’s line. Napolcon’s Life in Danger. Under the influence of the Pope’s letter against Napoleon, the fanaticism ot the bish- ops and clergy of France has been kindled into a terrible flame, which is fanned into fiercer energy by the Emperor’s suppression of the Univers. His life is in danger—greater danger from this religious fanaticism than it was from the political fanaticism of Orsini and the red republican revolutionists. They know that he is master of the situation, and that he can carry out his ideas as effectually by a mas- terly inactivity as by the most vigorous mea- sures. They see the Romagna annexed to Piedmont, beyond the power of the Pope or of Austria to prevent it, and they are maddened to desperation. “The Italian question is practi- cally settled by his plans, without a Congress, and settled, too, in the interest of civilization, liberty and progress. All the blandishments of flattery and all the terrors of intimidation, spiritual fulminations and combinations of earthly power, have equally failed to bend him from his inflexible purpose. The Catholic po- pulation of Europe are too enlightened at this time of day to fight for a temporal crown for the successor of St. Peter. ‘. As, therefore, Napoleon cannot be reached in apy other way, itis highly probable that attempts will soon be made upon his life. More assassi- nations of crowned heads and men in power have arisen from religious fanaticism than frem any other cause. Henry IV. of France, whose protection of the Huguenots from religious per- secution, by his promulgation of the celebrated Edict of Nantes, rendered him obnoxious to the bloodthirsty spirit of an intolerant age, is a re- markable example of this. He fell in the streets, in the open day, stabbed by a fanatical priest named Ravilliac. He was the greatest prince ever known in France—the best and bravest of its kings. And now the greatest statesman France has since seen—the greatest of modern times—stands in imminent peril of being taken off in the same way. Zealots like the assas- sin of Henry IV. believe that “the end sanctifies the means,” and the world need not be sur- prised if some of them, stimulated by the Bour- bons, should, with poignard or poison, strike down the ruler of France. But if Napoleon falls, he will bring down with him Church and Pope and all, as Samson brought down the temple of the Philistines on the heads of his enemies as well as his own. So far from the Pope being served by such an event, the revolution which Napoleon now holds in check would burst out worse than it did in 1792, and hang every priest and bishop to the first lamp post or the next tree. Not a vestige of the temporal power of the Pope would be left on earth—even “the Eternal City” would no longer own his sway, and Pio Nono and his successors would come down from a regal throne to the level of the poor fishermen, who possessed neither silver nor gold, and had not asecond coat to wear. Venice, which pants for the freedom of the Romagna, and Hungary, which struggles in the chains which the Haps- burg has thrown around her, would once more become independent sovereignties, and all Eu- rope would be lighted up with the revolution- ary flames. But it may be that heaven has hedged Na- poleon round in order to carry out its own purposes, and that till his destiny is accom- plished he has a charmed life. His mission seems to be to punish one by one the parties to the treaty of Vienna. He has humbled Russia, he has laid low the pride of Austria, and he now takes in hand the Pope. Whether he will live long enough to avenge Waterloo and his uncle by the humitiation of England, the principal party to the infamous compact, is a question which time alone can solve. As it is, the life or death of this remarkable man seems equally pregnant with great events. If he is not prematurely cut off by the hand of the assassin, he will play out the final acts of his grand réle, and the last shall be greater than the first. If he falls a victim to religious fana- ticiem, his death will be the signal for the break- ing out of a long pent up revolutionary tor- nado, which will sweep all Europe, from the Arctic Sea to the Caspian, and from the Straits of Gibraltar to the Ural mountains. Senator Hunter Uros State Ixvastoxs.—We publish in another column the speech delivered in the Senate, a few days ago, by Senator Hunter, of Virginia, upon the invasion of States. The speech is an able, conservative and national one, and, coming as it does from this distinguished representative of Virgiala, it cannot fail to produce a marked effect upon the mind of the country. Let it be carefully read, ‘The Free Trade Movement in France. We have received additional particulars in regard to the free trade commercial treaty between France and England, announced by the Emperor Louis Napoleon in his circular toM. Fould. On and after July 1, 1860, the import duties on cotton and weol will be abolished. English pit coal and coke will be sub- jected to the same duty as in the Belgian tariff. After October, 1860, aduty of seven francs will be substituted for the actual duty om iron. From December, 1860, the duties on the impor- tation of machinery will be diminished. From January, 1861, the duty on sugar will be reduced. From June, 1861, the prohibitions on the im- Portation of threads, tissues and hemp will be replaced by a duty not thirty per cent. From October, 1861, all remaining pro- hibitions will be abolished. There is probably some error in the latter sentence, as the ar- ticles enumerated are now no longer prohibit- ed, and enter France at a duty less than thirty per cent. Below we give the-present rates of duties on the leading articles of trade now in operation ia France, the United States and Great Britain:— U.S. Pr ct. Great Britain, i ‘= : Free. | a -| a ; Pa. vs Beg sexevee 7 a2 *B z = a a Prt Free. 9 cts, per 212 Ios. T2 cts. per to. Tae. perth , or ‘ct ,op- dal to" the J tional C. A, officer. Free. 142 per 220 Ibe 162% © Prohibited. 4% per 26 gala. b per. To in bottles...] 30 He tod per gal. Not beecliod, Brandy 2! b0_ |s2804-6 pr 26 gais!s3 60 per gallon. The foregoing being the leading articles in which England and the United States are chiefly interested, owing to want of space we omit giving the list in full. We have given the French duties when imported in foreign vessels: concessions to some extent exist in favor of French bottoms. The manufacture and sale of tobacco are en_ trusted by the French government toa com- mission known as the Regié, and who haves capital of forty-five million of dollars. The average export of American tobacco into France amounts to about eighteen thousand hogsheads. About two-fifths ef the tobacco consumed in Europe is the growth of the United States. The revenue derived by the French government from tobacco was in 1857, 92,233, 729f,, and in 1852, 95,344,008f. _As our treaty with France places us on the same footing with the most favored nations, we presume that, whatever reduction of du- ties she may consent to make in her trea- ty with Great Britain, the United States will be entitled to share alike with her in its advan- tages. Our articles of greatest export to France consist of cotton and tobacco. The cotton ex- ported hence to,France in 1858-59 amountew | to 463,000 bales. Under the operation of fre trade it will soon be doubled. We notice from the schedule of the reduc tion of duties proposed by the Emperor, that on and after the Ist day of July next the duty on cotton, now about two and a half cents per pound, or from eight to ten dollars per bale, i: } to be entirely abolished, and that from October , 1861, all prohibitions are to cease. This doubt less look: to the abandonment of the pro hibitory iuty on tobacco, or to the abrogatio: of its monopoly by the government. ‘ We see by the movement of the veteran se nior of Exeter Hall—Lord Breugham—that h: has started a proposition to encourage th growth of cotton in Africa and other placer by admitting it into England duty free, whil that imported from the United States is to b taxed. This, it is stated, he feels inspired t do by the humbug statements of Dr. Living stone, the travelling parson, who plagiarize materials from the documents of old Portugues travellers,and palmed them upon the worl as original. Let the lights of Exeter Hall g on and tax American cotton, while they prc pose to admit it duty free from other place In that case cotton manufacturing will, to large extent, be transferred from England: France, whose manufacturers, by using Ame: can cotton admitted free of duty, will bee abled to undersell the English manufacturer: From the tenor of the new treaty, France, seems, proposes to abolish October, 18¢ the prohibition and monopoly e@ftebacco; wh: this law goes into effect she will import fro this country eight or ten times the quantity th she at present receives from the United Stat 4 With @ fair duty on this enormous. increase consumption she would realize as much, & probably more revenue, than she-now receiv through the Commission of the Regié. Avoraer Anti-Stavery Stume-Lecror: The tactics of the republican party in the ¢ ent Presidential campaign are-to take time he forelock; to be first in the field, and ocor all the strong positions, and to.impose aboliti tump speeches on the people of the lar cities, under the pretence of lectures. Int way it is expected that the lecture going cc munity of all shades of polities will be cau; in the republican net; for many would go t: “lyceum lecture,” aq Giddings calls his stu epeech, who wouJd recoil with abhorre: from a partisan. political speech, and, mos! all, from one of the abolition stamp. By ducing the public to hear them, the anti-slav orators effect a double purpose—first, they hold of the people’s money, either for their « use and benefit or to promote the cause of] Volution; and, secondly, they sow the seed disaffection and treason, which they hope