The New York Herald Newspaper, January 30, 1860, Page 6

NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY 30, 1860.—TRIPLE SHERT. NEW YORK HERALD. —_—— JANES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. copy, $7 per annum. Saturday, at viz conte reat Briain, je; the THE WHEEL pT cory " uropean Bidition spp 07 $8 er ans i to any part of or Drety part er the ¢ M, ‘Continent, botn (0 include the BA and 0A Gal aah Oe eS eA LD on Wednexlay, at four cents per 1. 0” $8 per annum. dmportant UO LUNTARY CORRESPONDENCE, condatning, tnporiat ‘eouittied from any eu ‘paid for. 1a Foumigx ComnasronpayTs 125 parol Potty HibQUssTRD 30 BEAL ALL LANTSRA AND Paces gone sunt U8. ‘NO NOTICE taken of anonymous correspondence, We do not VERTISEMENTS renewed every day; advertiecments in- én the Weaxcy Hunavo; Panu % in the PRINTING executed with neatness, cheapness and de- Spateh. A ——————— Wo, 29 4D ported AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. NIBLO'S GARDEN. Brosdway.—Cooxr’s Royal Aurut- TURATRE. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Ben Ligi—Tax Ocro- Boom. WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, epposite Bond etreet.— ‘Laspia. WALLACE'S THEATRE, Broadway.—Romance or 4 Poow Youna Max. LAURA KEENE’s THEATRE, 624 Broadway.—Jeanie mA. NEW BOWERY THEATRE Bowery.—Tax Ocrorcon— ‘Mipnicu? Consrizators, BROADWAY BOUDOIR, 444 Broadway.—IngLann As It Was—Wouan’s Wuims. BARNUM’S AMERICAN MUSEUM. Broadway.—After- noon and Evening—Hussanp to Oxogr—Vexmont Woot Dearsr, BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS, Mechanics Hall, 472 Broadway.— Borixsgves, Sones, Dances, &c.—Wao Sravog Birr Paren- Boxt BLO’S SALOON, Broadway.—Geo. Onaistr’s Mix- wrens tm Boxes, Daxces, Bueiasquas, &c.—Mas. Day's Naw Yeas Cais ror 150) COOPER INSTITUTE.—Pror. Youwan’s Lecture on Tae Curmistry of THE SUNBEAM. souTH Bovopsr's AxD TRIPLE SHEET. New York, Monday, January 30, 1960. NTH STREET CHURCH, Williamsburg. —Dr. CTURE ON INDIA, BRAMINIG PRigstHooD, CasTR, The News. Our special despatch this morning furnishes an account of the excitement existing in Washington relative to the election of a Speaker of the House of Representatives. All the factions appear to be in a state of excitement, and personal explanations from demoerats and republicans, it is expected, will be made in the House to-day, relative to their votes for Mr. Smith on Friday. The proceedings ‘will, no doubt, be of a very animated character. Our European files by the Fulton contain some very interesting extracts, which we publish to-day in addition to our fall telegraphic summary from Portland, given yesterday. The Napoleon pamphlet war still raged at all the Continental Courts. The leading papers in London copied the Message of President Buchanan in full, and we reprint the tone of the comments made by them on the paper. A highly important document on the difficulties and dangers attending the abolition ofslavery in Russia will be found elsewhere, as also a report of Ma- caulay’s burial in Westminster Abbey. ‘The Empire City arrived from Havana yesterday, ‘with dates to the 23d instant. Sugars were dull, Freighta better. Exchange on New York 3} to 4- Havana was healthy, and a large number of Ameri- cans were in town. The birthday of the Prince of the Asturias was celebrated with most excited de- monstrations of joy, The steamship Quaker City, from Havana, arrived about one o'clock this morn- ing, with dates to the 25th. Sir Wm.Gore Ouseley had arrived at Havana on the 23d inst., on his way toEurope. Markets and exchange as neted above. Interesting intelligence from Central and South _ America, with letters from our correspondents in Nicaragua, San Salvador, Ecuador, New Granada, &c., detailing the progress of events in those coun” tries, are given elsewhere in our paper this morn- ing, We have news from the West Coast of Africa Gated at Fernando Po the Ist, Old Calabar the 4th, and Sierra Leone the 21st of December. At Benin the health of the residents was good and trade brisk. Fernando Po was healthy, and the new Bpanish Governor was doing much in the way of improving the island. The Cameroons were healthy, but trade rather dull. The natives were quiet, and the recent disturbances had been ami- cably settled. The dry season continued very Jong, but rain had fallen. Brass river was un- healthy and trade stagnant. At Bonny trade was rather dull, but the health of the place was good. Trade good at Lagos. Cape Coast healthy and trade brisk. A serious riot took place on the 24th of November between the Intins and Bentil quar- ters, or companies into which Cape Coast Castle is divided, and several persons were killed. We have a St. Thomas psper of the llth of January, but it does not contain any general news of interest. The Young Men’s Central Republican Committee held an adjourned meeting on Friday evening. The committee appointed to investigate the claims for Beats in the committee from rival delegations from the Sixth ward, reported in favor of the Brennan Gelegation. A resolution was adopted and carried . into effect excluding all persons from the room excepting members of the committee, which caused considerable excitement and disorder. Mr. Chas. A. Spencer was then elected permanent Pre ident of the Committee. After being conducted to the chair he delivered an address on the cur- rent political events of the day. The following other officers were then elected:—P. C. Buckley and Arthur Boyce Vice Presidents; E. G. Thomp- won, Recording Secretary; A. C. Hills Correapond- ing Secretary; Wm. H. Gedney Treasurer, and Chas. Missing Sergeant-at-Arms. Mr. Clarke pre- sented a motion, which was carried, that the rules and regulations of the committee be the same as those of last year. It being now about half-past eleven o'clock, the meeting adjourned until the third Wednesday of February. A very destructive fire occurred in Ann street on Banday morning, by which several of our enter- prising business firms were entirely burned out. Mr. Robert Bonner, proprietor of the Ledger, occupied the first floor of the building, and his presses, with about 80,000 copies of his paper intended for this week's issue, were destroyed. Mr Bonner’s loss was about $30,000 ; insured for $20,000. The names of the other occupants, with their losses, will be found under the appropriate hend. The fifteenth anniversary of the Scudder Mission ary Society was held last evening at the Carmine Btreet Presbyterian church. The reports of the Treasurer and Secretary were read, showing that @uring the fifteen years the society has been in existence it has vigorously prosecuted the mission- Sry work. The Rev. Dr. Perkins, the first American missionary to the Nestorians, addressed the au- dience, and, in the course of his sermon, gave a Gescription of Persia, its position, sivers, mountains, &c. Weare compelled to omit this morning our report of the proceedings. Gust Vos Batmand oolinges of aan phis ‘an ex-Mayor of 5 died in that city yesterday morning. Francis Mitchell, formerly attached to the steam- ship Merion, found guilty st Charleston, 8, C., of assisting a slave to leave the State, was on Gay sentenced to be hung on the second of March next. ‘The news by the Nova Scotian bad no perceptible effect on Saturday upon our cotton market, Tho sales footed up about 3,000 bales, including 2,500 in transite, closing without change in prices, The flour market was heavier, and lower for some grades of State and Weslern, while the demand improved at the concession, and sales of Western and State were made toa fair extent. Southern Sour was in fair request, and prices unchanged. Wheat was quict, and tn the absence of sales of moment quote ons were nominal, Corn was leas freely ollered, while Prices wore firmor, with moderate sales, inclading Southern yellow at 80c. a 82c., and Jersey at 800. a Sle, and very choice white Southern at Blo, @ Sige Pork was in speculative request, and the market was again firmer, with free sales, including old mons at $17 a $17 12), [and $17 75 a SIT BT for new; old prime at $1) 87}; a $12, and $13 76 for new do The transactions in eugars during the week have been comparatively light, and the market spiritiess; the sales yesterday did not exceed 100 bhds. Oubsa muscovede, within the range chiefly of Tc. @ Te; refining goods ranged from 7c. a Tic. Coffee was steady, bet not active; sales of 450 mats Java were made at Ibe, and 300 bags Laguayara at 13c. Freights were @rm, with « fair amount of engagements, especially to English porte; among the engagements were 6,600 bushels of cora iu sbip’s bags at p. t. to Liverpool, and 600 Wbis. flour at a , with some lots of beef, lard, &c.; cotton rates were firm, but no engagements reported—ahippers offered 3-164. to ‘7-824., and shipowners asked 7.324. to 4. The Candidates for the Succession—Who and What Are They? The democratic journals throughout the country, and the small politicians in every city, town, village and school district, from the Aroostook to the Rio Grande, and from the Hudson to the mouth of the Columbia, are busily engaged in trotting out, rubbing down and exercising their favorite nags for the Presi- dential race, the entries for which are to be made at Charleston in two months from the present date. They are nota bad lot, and some of them have heretofore shown good qualities in small contests. Let us call them over: Virginia sends to the track Governor Wise and Senator Hunter; Georgia, Messrs. Cobb and Stephens; Louisiana, Mr. Slidell; Mississippi, Jefferson Davis; Tennessee, Andrew Johnson; Kentucky, Messrs. Breckinridge and Guthrie; Iilinois, Mr. Douglas; Indiana, Mr. Bright; New Jersey, Commodore Stockton; New York, Fernando Wood, General Wool, Daniel S. Dickinson and Horatio Seymour; South Carolina, Messrs. Hammond and Orr. As we said before, nota bad lot, by any means. All capable men, no doubt; all pa- triotic, and so forth, but none of them available for this time. They are not, with one excep- tion, candidates in the real sense of the term. They are only persons mentioned by different cliques in different sections of the country. They are inchoate—atill in the egg—and must wait until they are hatched into life by the warmth of popular favor. In point of fact, the only candidates, proper- ly speaking, for Charleston are Buchanan and Douglas. The latter has made some terrible blunders, and has redeemed them in part by his recent speech; but his three years of fil bustering and kicking against the South have put him so out of favor with the people of that part of the country, that in the best of times they would not receive him with any great amount of favor. Now, not to put too fine a point upon it, they won’t have him at all- He has been since 1856 until the other day the demon of discord in the ranks of his own par- ty—weakening it at the South, and disorganiz- ing it at the North. He ought to go through with a severe dose of probation, as the punish- ment for his political sins—for a blunder in politics is a sin of the deepest dye. It would be folly to deny that Mr. Douglas will have some strength at Charleston, and that strength he ought to be very glad to trans- fer to the support of Mr. Buchanan, who can be elected, while Mr. Douglas cannot. As for the others, they are all out of the question, and must wait a little longer for the good time coming, which to some of them may be a long way off. Mr. Douglas, by giving his strength to Mr. Bu- chanan, will have an undeniable claim on the succession, and in all probability would go in for 1864 without much trouble. But the man for the hour is distinctly Mr. Buchanan. His administration will compare favorably with those of the earlier Presidents. Apure, upright, experienced and sagacious statesman, unaffected by the strifes of parti- sans or the howls of disappointed spoilsmen, he has pursued the noiseless tenor of his way. Few constitutional rulers have had so hard a task, so many difficult questions to settle, such bitter, determined and well drilled opposition as those which Mr. Buchanan has met and over- come. He is considered by the natfonal eon- servative men of all parties, North and South, as an eminently safe man, and his re-election would give the coup de grace to all the incipi- ent Sewards, Helpers and John Browns in the country. When we say that Mr. Buchanan is the only man who can command the million of reserved vates of the North—the electors who belong to no party, but who always vote on the safe side—i.e., to preserve the peace, to put down internal dissensions and prevent crises, Political and commercial—we assert an un- deniable fact—one which the ‘delegates to Charleston will do well to reflect upon before they make their choice. Ovr Srectan Revorts rrom THE ‘Country,— We publish to-day another instalment of the valuable correspondence that we have organiz- ed for the purpose of collecting a faithful re- flection of public sentiment throughout the Union, on the great question which is now agi- tating the country. Through no other sources was it possible for us to arrive at such an exact and impartial estimate of the opinions enter- tained in distant localities in regard to it. If the articles of country newspapers or the speeches of country politicians were to be re- lied upon for evidences of what it is so impor- tant for us to know, we in the large cities would frequently be led to very errone- ous conclusions, Where vital interests are at stake, as on the present occasion, it becomes the duty of an independent jour- nal like ours to prevent the efforts of par- tisans from distorting facta or creating false im- Prestions as to the views of the public in con- nection with them. This can only be done by the pursnance of such a course as we have adopted. By despatching trustworthy and in- telligent writers to every part of the country, we not only arrive at a knowledge of the exact condition of things, but we disappoint malice and check misrepresentation. The good that has been effected by the labors of our Special Reporters is already manifesting itself in the change which is taking place in the sentiments of a vast number of persons, North and West, who had been seduced into the ranks of the apostates and traitors who are bent upon the dissolution of the Union. OO Ia the course of the year 1547 an unprece- dented agitation upon the subject of slavery was excited, growing ou\ of the progress of the Mexican war. Extreme grounds began to be taken by Northern men, with reference to the ; tH i r > gpib Lies , i 4 national ground, e sbameful desertion of the defeated General Cass and elevated General There have generally bees, for over eleven years, three factions in the democratic party of the State of New York. Sometimes the fight among them bas been triangular, and gladia- torial in its deadliness; but, more often, two of the three have united to crash the third. In the present national crisis, which threatens to upturn the very foundations of our prosperity asa people, the sections of the party arrayed against each other are those of Tammany Hall, the Albany Regency and Mozart Hall. The rotten, corrupt clique of which Cagger, Cassidy and Richmond pull the wires, is as bad as it can be. It never possesses a grain of political honesty or healthiness. The rowdies and bullies of Tammany are seldom any better. The two are, for the time being, united in deadly, unrelenting warfare against Mozart Hail, which, however deficient it may be in moral worth, disinterestedness and true patriotiem, has the advantage over its adversaries of being sound and unimpeachable in its principles. They will all of them carry their grief to Charleston, and the public, in due time, will be half amused and half scandalized by the wranglings, bickerings, abuse and State's evi- dence revelations which will there be deve- loped. What the result of it all will be mo- body knows, and probably very few care. The great, vital, and all-importamt question is, what ought to be done now, in view of the utter demoralization into which nationalism and conservatism have sunken, in the so-called regular organizations, by the respectable con- servative national massest The most prudent and intelligent men in the country recognise that there never was a period upon which more for evil or for good depended than the present. The black flag of sectional discord has been unfurled by the republican party, and, if triumphant, it will carry desolation to every hearthstone in the land. The dogmas of Sew- ard, carried into practice by Brown, and expounded, in detail, by Helper, threaten the country with civil war, menace the destruction of our commerce, to cut off the internal and external sources from which flows to our merchants, manufacturers, mecha- nics, farmers and capitalists, to inaugurate a long period of “fire, rape and slaughter,” and to sink this now happy country to the lowest depths of degradation, barbarism and misery. Well may the cry echo forth among those who have a stake in the welfare of the Union— What is to be done now? There is a great corps de reserve of conser- vative, law abiding, industrious, honest citizens in the Northern States, of eight hundred thou- sand voters. Their strength in the State of New York is overwhelming. They constitute not only the probity and intelligence, but, also, the vast majority in the community. The time has come for them to throw aside their apathy, to rise like a spring tide and drown in the depths of a deluge of popular enthusiasm, sectional heresy on the one hand, and the com- pletely effete, mercenary and selfish cliques of the democracy on the other, and to adopt new measures, create new machinery, and replace with upright, industrious and energetic indivi- duals, the beggarly, ruffian organizations that have so long monopolized power, place, influence and patronage. Let there be an immediate rallying to- gether of this wealth, respectability and integ- rity of the democratic party in this great me- tropolis. Let a committee be appointed, com- posed of one hundred of the leading merchants, mechanics, and professional and moneyed men who abound in our midst, and let them be pro- vided with ample funds to secure the election, in November next, of a national President of this republic. If the amount required should be a million of dollars, ft must begiven. What were a million of dollars to the merchants of New York to secure the safety of the Union? The greatest prudence should be exercised, however, inthe expenditure of such money. Heretofore it has gone to supply whiskey, champagne, and, frequently, to pay the private expenses, for years, of the demagogue loafers of Tammany Halland the Regency. A per- manently sitting committee of five or six sound, reliable men should be selected, whose especial care it should be to avert these abuses. The true method of bringing home truth to the minds of the people must be in imitating and emulating the sagacity with which error and treason have been propagated by the republican party. It has grown to bea great and mighty power in the land, from the smallest and most contemptible beginnings, solely through the in- dustry with which, by means of newapapers and cheap publications, it has succeeded in forcing home its falsehoods and opinions upon every voter in the North. Its traitorous leaders have hesitated at no expense and at no exertion to accomplish their objects; and the example of Helper’s book, and the manner in which they have brought under their command nearly the whole préss of the Northern States, suffi- ciently attest the earnestness of their endea- vore. It isto the printed misstatements and catamnies which have been so widely dissemi- ated by the anti-slavery faction that is mainly attributable the deplorable change in public opinion in the non-slaveholding States, which bodes euch ill to the federal Unien. It is only by adopting the homeopathic principle of “like cures like,” that the disease in the body politic is to be cured. The committees which shall be appointed by 4 reorganized democracy of the State of New York should make it their first and primary object to flood the Northern and Central States with copies of leading newspapers and appro- priate documents, that may car onviction to the hearts of those whom black republican mendacity has led astray. The right kind of papers should be circulated by twenties and fifties of thousands. They should be brought within the reach of every citizen. People do not want such trash as the ridiculous Union pamphlet, in which one grain of wheat is scarcely to be found in a bushel of chaff. They require a constant daguerreotyping before them of the State of the country, as is to be found in that portion of the newspaper pressof the North which remains conservative, disinterested and national. It is palpable that an overwhelming movement is on foot in this State, tending to the destruction of rotten cliques and the entire reorganization of the democratic party, and we trust it may go forward in the right direc- tion, which we have pointed out. The Conflict on Which We Are Drifting— Important Action of the Virginia Le- gislature. {n another column will be found two docu- ments of high significance and importance in the present complicated pass to which the political affairs of the country have been brought by the dogged persistence of the black republi- cans and the divisions of their opponents in the House. One is the report of the joint committee of the Virginia Legislature on the Harper’s Ferry outrages, and the other is the non- intercourse act reported by Mr. Barbour from the Finance Committee of the House of Delegates. The first of these documents will be read with interest, not only for the conclusions at which it arrives, but for the ability with which it discusses the whole of the issues connected with the slavery question. Nothing can be calmer or more tem- perate than the tone in which the committee re- view the history of the institution and the dis- loyal manner in which the various compacts and compromises into which the South has been induced to enter have been observed. It was hoped that the measures of 1850 would have effectually discountenanced any further agita- tion on this subject, but the Kansas-Nebraska bill revived with increased bitterness all the sectional feuds which had been temporarily allayed by them. Whilst the committee acquit a large number of the Northern people of any positive or active participation recent Union demonstrations in the North, they yetdo not attach any great value to them. Abstract resolutions are, in their opinion, of no avail unless followed by corresponding action. As long as the conservative people of the North remain passive, and permit agitators and fanatics to fill high positions and act on behalf of their respective States, they cannot escape the responsibility attaching to their declara- tions and acts. Those who have it in their power to prevent the perpetuation of a wrong, and fail to do it, must to a great extent be re- sponsible for the wrong itself. Thus the con- servative men of the North are responsible for the organization and action of the republican party; and as long es its leaders are permitted to invade places of high trust, and to avail themselves of the power thus given to work mischiet, it cannot be expected that the South should acquit those who suffered them to ac- quire this disturbing influence of the blame which properly devolves upon them. ‘The justice of these conclusions but few pa- triotic and right thinking men will dispute. They merely establish results to which we been long and earnestly pointing, and prove the spirit in which the election of a re- publican Speaker would at once be received by the South. That the committee have no con- fidence in the power of the conservatives of the North to stem the tide of fanaticism and treason is evident from the recommendations which they offer. They call upon the Legislature to put the militia of the State on an efficient (that is to say a war) footing; to pass measures to secure the commercial independence of the South; to encourage foreign trade, and to pun- ish abolitionist incendiaries. The non-inter- course act reported by Mr. Barbour is, as it will be seen, extremely stringent in its provi- sions, and insures, by a system of licenses and heavy penalties, the objects which it is intended to carry out. These are the first positively reactive results of the insane schemes which, finding a premature disclosure in the John Brown raid, are now openly avowed and acted upon in the attempt to force into the Chair of the House of, Representatives a man who has endorsed the wicked and treasonable sentiments of the Helper book, or some other candidate who is equally obnoxious to the in- terests of the Southern States. Unless the patriotic feeling of members terminates at once a struggle, the prolongation of which is arous- ing the worst fears of the South, there is reason to fear,as shown by our letters last week, that the Southern Legislatures will follow, ene after another, the example of Virginia. When it is too late to recall the consequences of di- visions which have no excuse in the presence of a common danger, we shall probably fad a union of sentiment as to the follies that were committed whilst euch weighty interests were at stake. Gotp Prosrects at Pree's Peax.—We per- ceive by the last news from Pike's Peak, pub- ‘What is to be Done at Charleston—A Page ‘ of History. As the time draws near for the meeting of the National Democratic Convention at Charles- ton, the bustle among the politicians in- creases. There has not been for twenty years 80 much excitement in advance of any election. And this agitation is not confined altogether to the politicians. There isa deeply settled feel- ing upon the part of the people at large that the country is going through a most important crisis, and that it is more than probable that upon the wisdom, the tact and the sagacity of the members of the Charleston Convention will depend the perpetuity of our institutions, and, perhaps, the actual existence of the republic. In this view of the matter, it will not be amiss for us to recall to the members of the Conven- tion a few familiar facts in the history of the party which they are presumed to represent. The democratic party took itsrise during the administration (second term) of President Washington. It was organized under the auspices of Mr. Jefferson, and grew out of | his opposition to the ‘views of Alexander Hamilton. The new party was first called anti-federalist, and put Mr. Jefferson in nomination in 1796. He was beaten by John Adams, whose administration was one of the stormiest on record. It was then that Congress enacted the celebrated Alien and Sedi- tion laws, under which freedom of speech, action and the press were virtually restrained. The democratic party, led by Mr. Jefferson, opgosed the measures of Mr. Adams with great vigor, and many of the anti-federalist editors were imprisoned. At the next election there was an entire change in the political sentiment of the country, and Mr. Jefferson was elected asthe type of republican principles, particu- larly freedom of speech and of the press. During his first term he encountered severe opposition from the federalists, and did not receive the united support of his political friends. He had taken office a8 a one term President; but when the time drew near for the nomination of his successor, although there was more than one candidate, the masses of the party could see in no statesman other than Mr. Jefferson that steady adherence to principles, combined with personal popularity, which was absolutely required to maintain the infant organization. He was renominated, and went in for his second term almost by ac- clamation. When, in 1809, Mr. Jefferson retired from public life, he left the principles for which heso long struggled to his friend Mr. Madison, who was chosen to the place so well filled by the Sage of Monticello. Mr. Jefferson had taken a stand with regard to our foreign rela- tions which elevated the dignity of the young republic. The democratic party sustained Mr. Jefferson’s measures in opposition to the feder- alists, who favored a different policy as far as England was concerned. Mr. Madison repre- sented the broad principles of Mr. Jefferson, and therefore received thesupport of his party. In 1812 he was re-elected, while the country was at war with England. The democratic party, approving of the war, and being obliged to accept the main issue upon it, chose Mr. Madison, who, more than any other man, repre- sented their principles, as their leader, and the only one who could maintain the party orga- nization and command any considerable num- ber of votes outside of it. From the end of the second term of Mr. Madison, through the two terms of Mr. Monroe, the questions before the country were chiefly of a financial and commercial character, involv- ing no special principles and creating no par- ticular agitation. In 1828 General Jackson was chosen as a one term President, over numerous opponents. He had not been a great while in office before the most violent dissensions between members of the government sprang up. The opposition to the President, led by Mr. Calhoun, was ex- ceedingly bitter. The manner in which Gene- ral Jackson met and dealt with the great questions of the day—the tariff, the Bank, inter- nal improvements, nullification, and so on—is familiar to every one. And, in 1831, he was obliged, contrary to his own expressed de- termination, to yield to the demands of his party, and consent to serve a second term, He was the only candidate of the many able leaders of his party who could have won-the hotly contested battle of 1832, and preserved the power and the prestige of the democracy. It was the old story of Jefferson and Madison over Now, our point, logically deduced from the above facts, is that the democratic party of to- day, if it is wise, will be guided by the lamp of experience in selecting a candidate for Charles- ton, and will select Mr. Buchanan. The country is in quite as important a crisis as it was in the last days of John Adams, during the war of 1812, or the rough times of 1830-31. Perhaps we are in even a.worse condition now. A sec- tional and treasonable organization—Seward, Greeley & Co.'s black republican party—is en- deavoring to seize the reins of government, and precipitate upon us the famous “irrepres- sible conflict” to which Mr. Seward has so ear- nest an inclination. The South, enraged beyond measure by the book of Helper, which advo- cates interference with slavery in the States where it exists by law, and the raid of Joho Brown, which practically realized the Helper and Seward theories, declares, through her presses, her public meetings and her statesmen, that if a President holding to the Seward theo- ty is chosen she will secede from the Union. To avert this and other calamities flowing from it, the conservative North looks to Charleston for a candidate who will call out the reserved vote of the Central States. No one who has been mentioned issure of that vote, or even has a fair chance for it. Mr. Buchanan, by his wise, firm and prudent administration, by his practical statesmanship in dealing with vexed questions, by the clear and saga- cious manner in which he has conducted the government, has won the confidence of all conservative national men. He has, it is true, repeatedly declined to be a candidate for re- election; but when his country 20 imperatively ‘emands his services, he should be willing to make the sacrifices demanded of the earlier the only man for Charleston, as stand now, and there is hardly time for any of the other candidates to put ives strong enough with the country to command ouccess, The Final British Movement tn Centrat America—The Bay Islandsand Mosquite _ Shore. By special conveyance we have received ex- clusively, and publish in another column, the text of the Convention recently negotiated be- tween Great Britain and Honduras, for the re- turn of the Bay Islands to Honduras, and for the surrender of the Mosquito Protectorate over that part of the Mosquito shore falling within the rightful territorial jurisdiction of that republic. This Convention is a revision of the two Conventions signed in London in 1856, by Lord Clarendon and Sefior Victor Herran, as representative of Honduras, and which the government of that republic declined - to accept. To facilitate comparison, and to show how much more liberal terms Great Britain found it right or politic to concede, we republish the two Conventions of 1856, in com- junction with that of 1859, It will be seen that in the old as well as the new Convention the importance of secur- ing the neutrality of the Bay Islands, as well as of the territory of the main and adjacent “with reference to any Tailway or other route of communication which may be constructed across the territory of Honduras,” is made the ostensible object of the surrender of the islands. Special care seems to have .been taken in both cases to avoid making the act of surrender in any way a recognition of the ex- isting or antecedent rights of Honduras over the islands. This is rather ungracious; but we are not disposed to quarrel with the motives of pretexts which an opponent may assign for doing what is right. We feel, as we presume does Honduras, very much in the condition of that afflicted lady who advertises for her kid- napped poodle, a round reward and “ no ques- tions asked” of the person who may return it to its Jawful owner. It will be observed that the conditions of the restoration of the islands to Honduras are very materially and favorably modified. Under the Convention of 1856 the inhabitants of the islands, settled there under British auspices, were made practically independent of the go- vernment of Honduras—a-kind of imperium in imperio, They were to be governed by their _ own officers, under their own laws, relieved from taxation and military service, and exempt from the operation of the general revenue laws of the country, to which they were to he nominally attached. Under the present ar- rangement they are only to retain their actual property and liberty of worship. We are free to say that Great Britain could not stipu- late for less, so far as the actual occa- pants of the islands are concerned. Most of them have gone there under the attrac- tions of English jurisdiction, in good faith, and Great Britain was fairly bound to provide for the protection of their property and free- dom of conscience. The only stipulation in derogation of the sovereignty of Honduras is that which binds the republic never to make any cession of the islands to any State or govern- ment whatever. This provision seems to bo aimed at the United States, whose capacity for absorption of neighboring territory is the buga- boo of European diplomacy. Still, it is not 80 directly offensive as the slavery clause in the Convention of 1856, which is now wisely lefi out; and, on the whole, we do not think ow government or people will object to the pro. vision; for we all know that these attempts fetter and chain down the will of God and th inevitable course of events by treaties ani conventions are idle and futile. We nee only look back to 1815 and its treaties, “tripl. bound in brass,” which were to control the fu ture of Europe, to see how circumstancer the changes of time, and the necessities of ns tions, mock at the plans and far-reachin schemes of what the world calls statesmer They provided that no Bonaparte should eve rule in Europe; and to-day the Third Napoleo dictates the policy ef the Continent. So will be here in America. When it sia appear that the mutual interests of Hon and the United States shall dictate a union. * the two countries, we may be sure it will place, all Clayton and Bulwer conventions ai needless clauses in treaties with Great Brita to the contrary notwithstanding. We aren discussing the utility or probability of such : event: it may never occur; but it certain will not be prevented by the impotent stip! lation to which we refer. As regards the Mosquito Indians, we m confess we do not see why they should made pensioners on Honduras for even small asum as $5,000, for so short a term ten years. The State has other barbari: within her borders quité as deserving as mongrel brood of Mosquitos. There are industrious Caribs of the north coast, and docile Payas and Xicaques of the interior; Great Britain had just as much right to stipu for alms in their behaif as for the leprous 3}, quitos. Still, if Honduras chooses to over! the slur on her sovereignty which the sti tion involves, in consideration of gel rid of troublesome pretensions and terferences, it is no concern of ours. sides, $50,000 is no very ruinous matter, as the Mosquitos will probably spend the of it in bad rum, it may prove a cheap w: exterminating the whole disagreeable bi and relieving the country of Mosquitos Mosquito protectorates together. Z The Convention provides for an arbitral existing claims of British subjects on Hi which seems fair enough, and we are to risk Spanish-American cunning and against English avarice. But we fo fruitful source of trouble in the clause ing for the recognition of grants and of territory made from time to time, past fifty years, by the so-called Kings. These potentates had a knack of new grants of the same lands every two, as their stock of ram ran low, which, we presume, were recorded in rial archives. The whole eastern part duras, where they affected some j was thus literally shingled over, fath: with grants and concessions. The sioners will have “good time” in the various claims set up under sions, and we wish them joy of the them. Tax San Juan Dirricuury.—in fumn will be found a résumé of contained in the report of the War on this question, which is to nicated to the Senate to-day by the in compliance with a resolution the dispute up to the temporary fected by General Scott. The