The New York Herald Newspaper, January 30, 1860, Page 3

———————— gated. The commuatty henceforth will be organiza for administrative Purposes only. ‘The purchase by the peasantry of the little gardens 8° tached to their houses, and wuich have been given sbem by the landed proprietors from time immemorial, is rot to affect the solution of the question, or to be confound. ed with the land which the peasantry are to receive under the provisions of the new statute. purehase of the garcen, & express myself more exactly, will not be con- Bidered ag frecing the pessant from his obedience to the Proprietor; , 00 the other hand, no proprietor will be permitted to exact compensation for ite session, except 1a Cages whore the garden is used for industrial par poses, and bas been rented during the contiauance of serfdom. ‘After this explanation of the intentions of his Majesty, I take the liberty of pi to the committee my plans aoncerning the payment of the purchase money by the peasantry. ieading item of this redemption, in my opinion, ‘ought to consist in granting the serfs the liberty of com. agreement with the proprietor, and to wo aE aye oe well Known, are mor! to "From the laference’ ara ‘their amount. rietor. sar) Mr Adeaunaesitle tur Sus yacdeniase site thn peeked at once, and directly upon the commencement of the re- form, that course would have certainly been the most ad. wan! where the peasants are Pe | ve F cent e wi geverament, five por cent of which is to be to => shiner saree per cent being set aside as a sinking fund. ‘The instalments are collected by the government in the Bame Mahper as taxes. government, on the other hand, pays the total of them imfull to the proprie- pon, pendent of the will of his landed proprietors, and respon- sible for the fulfilment of his own obligations, as well as for those of the community with which he resides. Should any community desire to come to an earlier and sovclusive arrangement with their proprietor on any ober basis, they will be allowed to make their wants known, snd the district authorities wi!) have to adjudicate uyon the matter. No plan, however, will be confirmed ‘vy the government, unless the try are enabled to futul weir obligations towards the in a _ the peasan'ry of a village propose a different plan from tbat insisted upon by their proprietor, the district authori- ‘ies will appoint a third party for the arbitration of the matter in dispute ‘trict agreeing upon a certain mode of redemption, the pian must be likewise submitted to the decision of the dis- trict authorities, and will be judged according to the prin- ciple laid dowp in the preceding bh. amortisation of the bonds will be effected by the six per cent set apart asa sinking fund, in accordance with ‘My previous suggestion. , the government will be from the purchase scncy, as tresorve 1 the coverieg rom the money, a8 a reserve of losses arising from non payment of instalments frum accruing froth the interest the government will be hke wise em; ed to use for the amortisation of the : the purpose of facilitating the whole opera- 100. Peasants freed by the payment of goverdinent bonds, who fail to pay the fixed instalments at the usual period, will bave to make up their deficiencies by an increase in ‘We rate of payment. Avy woods, rivers or lakes which a landed proprietor diay think fit to cede to his peasantry he will be paid for wp the shape of bonde similar to the usual paper currency of the empire. I! the preceding proposals are carried out—and I see ro reagon why they should not be, tending as they do to the ——" advantage Of ail—the foliowing results wil! be at- tamed. 1. The peasants are, within eighty-seven 3, Comrerted, into landed. propréctars by the payment of dar usual tax; though there is nothing to prevent them from becoming indevendent owners of their farms before the me ee of that time, by the payment of a higher rate of instal- 1. men’ 2. The landed proprietors, though suffering temporary and vnimportant lose, are granted the payment of the peasantry tax in full and for a fixed period. “Subsequently they will receive the whole sum agreed upon as an equiva- Jent for the land ceded. 3. Those who are unwilling to wait for the amortisa- tien of the bonds will be at liberty to sell them, which they will find no difficulty in doing, paper at five per cent always commanding a ready market. 4 The landed estates once freed from the incumbrance of serfdom will rite in value, and the substitution of free lator “will greally contribute to the prosperity of the owners 5. The landed proprietor will be freed from the obliga- tion of rendering the peasantry that assistance and sup- port now forming one of his items of expense. 6. The total ot the redemption money to be furnished Dy the peasantry will amount to one thousand millions of roubles, payable in annual instalments of sixty millions. Fifteen millions are reserved to cever deficiences and other loeves. If the latter, as may be reasonably hoped, amount to leee than a quarter of the total sum, tne go- vernment will be in a position to begin the repurchase of the bonds almost immediately after their issue, six per cent of the purchage money being left in their hands, in addition to the fifteen millions. The latter, it may be an- ticipated, will soon become superfluous and free for other purposes connected with the operation. , 7. Even in the event of the government sacrificing fif- teen millions a year, this money will be paid by the peas- antry ata later period. Assuming, however, the worst case of the amount not bewg repaid, the loss of the gov- ment will be the gain of the people. 8. With this system the necessity of a new loan, or of ‘an augmentation of the paper money, is avoided, and the public credit of Russia kept up to its normal standard. To further facilitate the olution of tke peasantry ques- tion, the government has set aside the sum of 7,226,000 of roubles out of tae revenue derived from the crown lands and the renting of the sale of spirits. From 1860 one and ® baif millions of roubles will be aided to this reserve fund for an indefinite time. The goverument baving conse- queblly a sum of nearly 8,725,000 roubles annually at their ciapoea}, if is hoped that the 6,275,000 roubles will ‘de easily supplied from other sources. Should this latter anticipation be disappointed, the yearly deficit, after sll, would pot exceed the sum of 6,000,000 roubles. And what is such a deticit for three or four years, when com- pared with the bappy solution of one of the most vital questions of the empire? the acquisiti nof landed property by the peasants is neces- sary as tre only basis upon which their liberty can be estab- Jisied; and the sooner it is ascomplished the happler and more tranquil Russia wil! be. Ip fact, there are only two alternatives—either the plan redemption by instaiments is adopted, or it 'y for the landed propristors to repay the received from the imperial credit institu- our, the money being Wanted by the latter for the satis- facuon of their creaitors. RUSTOFFZOFF. For # commentary upon this document I must refer the Teacer to MY previous cotmmuntcations upon the same fudject. For the present it will suffice to remark that the various hopes aud apticipations expressed in it are &Il of them treated as isiusory by the nobility. The latver 6 vot believe that the government will be in a position to repay the bonde igsued, nor can they be convinced that, even ip case of repayment, tne ruic of the whole of the Posards will be averted. The price fixed for the land, they aver, ie much too small, and toteily inadequate to cover the losses of the proprietors, even though it were g'ven to them in cash; but if, a8 propesed, it comes to tcem mm the sbape of government bonds, and if these bonds, as i notoriously the cage, are not negotiable in any market whatever, the gloomy antictpations of the proprietors become truthful forebodings of calamity. [ Brooslyn City News. Sciciok or 4 Womas BY Taking ARsENIC.—A married woman, vamed Catherine Smith, committed suicide at her residence in Van Brunt street, near Sullivan street, on Sat- urcay evening, by taking arsenic. It appears she sent her two youngest children to a neighboring drug store to rocure the poieou, for killing rate. On their return ome, the mother put the cose in a tumbler of water and drack it. The eff ct of the poison soon manifested itself, sca Drs. Valentine and Neuhaus were sent for and suc ceeded ib expeliing a portion of it, It had already done ite work, however, and the woman died some hours there- a‘ter She leaves a busbaud and four children, the eldest of whom is only nine years of age. The cause is attri- Dated to disease. Coroper Horten was notified and held ‘an inquest. A verdict of “death by poison” was rendered. Fata1 Occurrknce By Frre.—A colored map, named Jobn Moore, was found dead in bis house on the Hunterfly Roai on Saturday evening, his head, when discovered, lying in the fire om the hearth. He had been confined to the boute for some tnoptbs on accouat of illness, and his wife having left him temporarily, for the purpose of buying edicine, it 8 Supposed be got up and fell down from ex. hevetion. Being anable to help himself, he was literally roasted to death. Nannow Escare Prom Survocanion,—Between twelve and one o'clock ou Saturday night officers Grogan and + ypton, of the Third preeinet police, disvovered smoke im clog from a room im the fourth story of No. 305 Hicks Street, occupied Dy a family named On pro- ceecing to the apartment the officers found the table on Dre asd Mee McSimmons and child lying a&icep in bed. ‘They aroused the woman and succeeded in exting tie Ore before mack Gamage was done. It appeared Qe candle was lert burning for Mr. McSimmons, who had Bot yet come bone, and the flames comm osome combustible material came near resulting, in fatal conse- quences. BuRGLaRms.—Gome time on Saturday night the hard ‘ware store of Wm M. Burrell, No. 349 Fulton street, was entered by boring a out of the partiton divid! entry, leading to up stairs, from the ficient size to admita man. About $200 worth of cutiery was packed ap and carried away. The burgiary ‘Was not discovered till next morning. The same night the iancy store of James Emmons, No. 809 Myrtle avenue, wae burgiarionsly eptered aad robbed of goad’ amounting to $147 im value. No deiection ia @nLer case Witltameburg city News. Deatn oF AN AGED Cinzky.—Owen Dolan ree) ing st No. 207 South Fitth street, cied on Friday evesing, at the ad ‘Vauced age of 99 yours. - NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY 30, 1860.—TRIPL THE GREAT ISSUE OF THE DAY. PROGRESS OF THE IRREPRESSIBLE CONFLICT. Sentiments of Southern Planters and of Northern Mill Owners, Interesting Description of a First Class Southern Plantation. Preparations for the Presidential Struggle North and South. THE CHARLESTON CONVENTION, &e., &., &e. SOUTH CAROLINA. OUR SPECIAL COLUMBIA CORRESPONDENCE. Corvus, 8. C., Jan. 23, 1860. Plantation Life in South Carclina— Visit to Wade Hamp- ton’s Plantation— Millwood and its Inhabitants—Revolu- tionary Relics—The First Cotton Plantation in America— Oulture of the Cotton Plant— Picking the Stained Orop— Visit to the Negro Settlements and Description Thereof— Appearance of the Slaves and Their Condition—A Sight Sor an Abolitionist—Imported Cathe and Choice Stock, de. This morning I visited the Hon. Wade Hampton, at his residence, about four and a balf miles from this city, and on expressing & desire to see his plantation, he very kindly ordered his carriage and drove me over the entire estate. As I had an excellent opportunity of seeing life as it exists on a Southern plantation, I propose to give your readers a description of the place, and what I saw during my visit. The Hampton estate is situated on the Oongaree river, and oceupies about two thousand acres of dottom and upland. Millwood, the name of the mansion now occupied by Mr. Hampton, is fitaated on an eminence which commands a fine view of Columbsa, the Congareo river and the surrounding country for twenty-five or thirty miles. It is built in the style of ap English manor house, shaded with majestic and wide spreading oaks, and ornamented in front with a spacious lawn apd numerous flower beds. The approach to the house, a winding road, is thickly shaded with pine trees, méegnolias and other evergreens, which give the place an appearance of eternal summer. ® dozen dogs, chiefly of the English breed. -They are savage looking canines some of them; but when their master is present the stranger is perfectly safe. The kennel is in the rear of the mansion, and to the right is an extensive hothouse, filled with the choicest tropical fruits, To the left are several small cottages, covered with ivy, which are inbabited by the negro servants attached to the house. These cottages are hidden trom the mansion and cannot be by a high hedge of orange trees, obeerved until you are within a few feet of them. The plantation ie eituated about a mile from MiMwood and occupies @ river front of nearly two miles. I; was purchased from the Indians by Colone! Hampton’s grand- tather, and was called “Woodlands” by the aborigines, for the reason, perhaps, that it waa bounded on three sides by the forest. The original homestead, which was occu- pied by General Greene during the Revolntionary war, for several months, is etill standing, and presents quite a re- epectable appearance yet. It is now being repaired and refined for a brother of Mr. Hampton, and is expected to lcok as well as ever in a few weeks. Ol4 General Nampton, as he was cailed, was the first man who ex- ported cotton from the country, aud up to the time of his death he was the most extensive planter in the United Statee. When the plant wae first introduced in South Ca- rolipa there were great doubts as to its successful culture. But General Hampton was convinced of the feasibility of the project, and planted nearly 1,000 acres of the seed, while his neighbors were afraid to venture upon more thap would grow in their flower gardens. He was ‘quite —succcssfal with his fisst crop, having gathered about 500 bales, which were sold in Liverpool at a handsome profit. Seme of the ‘uildings used in putting up those original bales are yet standing, bot the machimery has all been supplanted by More Movern iuventions. . Bejore visiting we telds Col. Hampton gave me a de- fcr)y tion of the cotton plant, and the manner of its culture ‘He stated that it was an extremely <eticate plant, and was easily killed by frost or storms of wind and rain. It is ap appual, and ie sown from the seed in South Carolina about the ist of April. Ifthe weather is warm, the germ appears above the ground in adout forty-eight hours after planting. During the firet month of its growth it is sub- ject to be attacked with & very destructive worm, and re- quires a great deal of care. After growing to the height of from three to five feet, the tree bicssoms. The bios- ome remain only two days, when they fail off, and a small nut, about the size of a pea, appears. nut gradually grows larger under the influence of the sun, un- tl ft aesumes the proportions of a hickory ‘nut In September this nut or “boil,” as it is called, burets open, and then the cotton is ripe for picking. The task of picking is a very laborious one, especially on those lands where the plants are below the average height. In poor soil, where the trees are dwarfish and much stooping is required, picking is no easy task. The negroes are kept closely at work during the picking season, for the loss of afew sometimes causes the ruin of an eutire crop. From the field the cotton ig conveyed to the mill, where the seeds are separated from the wool by a machice called the gin. From the gin mili it ig sent to the press, where, Dy means of a large wooden screw, it is compressed into bales, weighing from 400 to 600 pounds, and then trans- ported to market. Tt was about eleven o’clock in the forenoon when we reached the cotton flelés. A number of hands, ssy Bfty, wore engaged in pisking the late or “stained” cotton, which the trees yielded aiter the regular picking season ‘was over. This ‘‘stained”’ artiole is of a very inferior quali- ty, and is used only in the manufacture of the coarsest kind of goods, Nevertheless, on a Jarge plantation it quite an item of profit, and is carefully husband The cattle are allowed free range of the fields at this season of the year, and might be seen quietly Diowsing with a few yards of the laborers. Further on we came toa field which was being ploughed by the ne- groes tor the purpose of growing wheat. Some or twenty ploughs were engeged in turning over the cotton bilis, and the work appeared to have been as well done ag though white men were engaged at it. After chatting with some of the ‘* people,” as the negroes are generally called it this section of the country, we started for the “‘setdement,” wh.ch numbered some eighteen or twenty bouses. Here ¢verytbing appeared as neat and comfort- able as though the piace waa tenanted by New England mers. houses are all built alike, of wood, one and attic bigh, with an extersion for cooking. Each 3¢ was elevated about four feet from the ground, and constructed ip such manner that a draught of air might puss underneath the floor, thereby adding much to the Keaith and comfort of the occupants. Attached to each bouse was a gerden where the negrocs raised corn and vegetables for tbemecives. I also noticed several bun- crea bens and turkeys about the place, which algo be- Jopged to the inbabitants of the settiement. A long ride On the levee or embankment constructed ‘be [fantaion 80 a8 to prevent the land from being flo.ces at ceriain seasong, by any rise in the river, brcugbt us back to he old homestead. Colonel Hampton (hep proposed & visit to “settlement” No. 2, which was ku Ube immediate neighborhood. The scene was similar ty thet already degeribed. At neither of settle- wente oid | see any of the “filth and squalor’’ spoken of by Northern writers. Everything appeared as comfort- able end clean as you would usually find among farmers in the free States, and I only wish that some of your most rabid abolitionists were present to bear me out in what] have suid. I must confess I was not prepared for such an xb) bition of African civilization and true happiness. The ce: Dirast between the condition of the negroes here and thee whom] beve seen at the North was most striking. Vovid the Norther» people eee it as J have seen it to-day, -they would por be go easily hoodwinked by Seward, cley and olber advocates of the “irrepressible con- 1” doctrine. We next vieiies the barnyard, where there were some fine suecimens of the Brabmin cattle, and Cashmere goats. Mr. Hampton bas had these animals imported expresaly for »)s own plantation, and at agreat cost. The Brahmin (o#® are bowe for their good milching quaiities. Some of thove ] saw bave given as mach as thirty quarts a day. ‘ke bulis are much larger than the native cattle, and are capanie of coing beavier work. Of the Cashmere goats there were about two hundrea on the piace, They are meh prizea for their wool, as aiso for the delicacy of their test. T must bot forget to mention anoter cariosi- ty Leow, In ac encioeure, hard by the barnyard, were three splendid jooking elk,one mule gad ty females. The male especmily wae a nobie looking avimal, with aut leve fully fiv+ fect in neight. The does were quite tame, Dut the buck was congidered very vicious, anc had a bad babit ef attacking etrangeré whenever they approached hi wef visit t the gin mili and cotton press, where the were aj busty evgaged at work, aud my inepeo- tonef sie plantation was Gnisbed. During my vit I baw some two hunared tory be a Seoag reget) ‘niefigent anc happier set of negroes I never wbat Trew ‘was a fair specimen of siavery in South Caro Ima—and Jam aseured it wae—tben truly the Africans sre bicseed in having such masters. At Millwood the ‘ave ie us happy a8 hie master, an’ the greatest ponish- ‘bt you could inflict upon one of those negroes would be 16 tree him apd-eet bim adrift to shift for himself. OUR SPECIAL CHARLESTON CORRESPONDENCE. (Cuamrxstox, S C., Jan. 25, 1860. the Secesion and Disunion Sentiment Increasing—The Presidential Election—The Kind of Men Banisthed From the South—Views of an Eminent Southerner— The Helationship Feisting Betweer the Master and Qe Slavo—Important Movement amorg te Merchants end Captaliste—A Proposed Line of Blamers to Furepe, bt. Tay dy day he eecersion and disunion sentiment jporesee® in South Carolina Jt is really melaccholy wo reo how strong the feeling bas taken poserseion of the hop. Men who ttood by the constivation end the Union As you approach the house, your ears are greeted with the baying of hounds and the sharp barking of pointers. Col. Hampton, be it known, is passionately fond of hunting, and keeps.about im 1852, and fought the secessionists from one of the States to the other, are foremost now in this disunion movement. They have become tired and disgusted, they ay, with the anti-slavery agitation at the North, and after due deliberation they have arrived at the concla- sion that a dissolution of the Union is absolutely necessa- ry for the protection of their lives and property. Is it possible, you may inquire at the North, that the acts of Joba Brown and his followers at Harper’s Ferry, could have brought about such a state of feeling in the South? Not at all. The invasion of Virginia by Brown and his traitorous companions bas not created thie lamentable state of feeling. Itis the sympathy ex- ‘hibited all over the North for the traitors that calls forth the indignation of the South. The North could not be held responsible for the acts of afew, and the Harper’s Ferry affair would have blown over but for the wide- spread and almost universal feeling of sympathy subse- quently exhibited by the Northern people for these blood- thirsty enemies of the South. ‘The Presidential election attracta a good deal of atten- tion bere, and already all sorts of speculations are onter- tained as to the probable result. Should the election Prove successful to the black republicans, a dissolution of the Union seems to be inevitable. The South never wil consent to have such @ man as Seward or Giddings at the head of the government. A national) man must oc- cupy the Presidential chair, or disunion will surely follow. Much interest is therefore felt in the result of the election in New York and Pennsylvania, for upon these two States “hang all the law and the prophets.’”” Whiie conversing with a distinguished citizen of this State a few days ago ] was asked if the anti-slavery agita tion at the North was still on the increase. I replied tha I believed :t was, and attributed it in @ measure to the alleged barsh and unnecessary measures reaorted to in some of the Southern States in lynching all Northerners againet rng there was the slightest suspicion of apolition roclivities. e “Tt is all moonshine” replied my interlocutor, ‘‘we have molested no persons wena longed who really deserved it. If a Northern gentleman to discuss the slavery ques tion with me or any other Southerner, he is at perfect hiberty 10 dogo, and there will be no objection raised. But when be tampers with our slaves, and tolls them’that they would be justified in catting their masters throats i’ necessary to secure their freedom, then, sir, we consider him a dangerous character, and tho safoty of society de- mands that he should be banished from our midst. For many years,” he continued, ‘we have been ob! wo trave) at the North without our servants, for fear of being mobbed. In some of the New 14 States especially, it would be as much as a Southerner’s life is worth to travel there with his negro servant. And now when we refuse to let abolition emissaries tamper with our slaves at home ip our own country, the North is indignant at what she calls hareh and unnecessary measures. It is allgammon, sir; the North has no cauge to complain on thet score.’” The convereation then turned upon Colonel Memmin- bbe gor to Richmond and the probable action of the irginia Legislature, in the course of which Mr. H. re- marked, that if Virginia thought it advisable to dissolve her connection with the Union, she would be backed up by South Carolina to a man. An extra session of the Legislature would be called by Governor Gueet, he said, and the Paimetio State would immediately follow the ex- ample of the Old Dominion. And such, I have no dou! would be the case, for the feeling of dieupion is rampant here, throughout every nook and cor- ner of the State. I had heard much in North of the “heart rending ecenéa’? that transpire daily in the South by the separation of 0 families, and, being anxious to hear what Colonel H. had to say'in relation to the mat- ter, | asked him if there was any truth in the stories. couth, Dut T siaure yon, fr ts the exception nd bot tbe ‘outb, but I assure you, si not rule. Asa ‘al thing, throughout the slave States it is the aim of the planter never to families unless vuder extraordinary circumstances. Not long ago a friend of mine, who had two bundred negroes for gale, offered me the lot for $25,000 less than I have procured them at auction, merely because groes and mine had intermarried, and he was afri would be ceparated if they passed into other mine. J accepted his offer, and have al) the hands jantation now.”’ Another instance: Jn the month Gaae of my coachmen ceme to me in great tiop one day, and said that his wife, who was on an joining plantation, was going to move to Louisiana her master. I told him that if he wanted to &toom his wife I would try and make arrangements to that effock, 1 told bim 1 would sell bim to his wife's master, and then they could go to Louisiana together. This ment did not suithim. He did not like the idea of ing then told him I could donothing surther for him, and he was about leaving, when a happy thought struck the fellow: “Would Massa let me go along with my wife for a few montbs, to see if I would like her master?” he isquired. I said yes,] had no objection, and, what do you think? that negro has been nearly pine months away from me, and he bag not made up his mind yet. I wrote to Louisi- ana the other day to ascertain what his determination is, and expect an answer soon. ‘Now don’t you think,’ continued Mr. H., *‘ that the relationship existing between the master and the slave must be one of and conficence.”” . L replied that Ihad no doubt as tothe affection, but I did not know how far the planters were willing to trust their slaves. “ We place far more trust in them than you doin your white servants at the North. As an instance of the confi- dence we place in our negroes, I would mention that when my mother-in-law was going to Europe, some three years ago, she placed $40,000 worth of plate in the custody of her Ee E srereree? servants, and everything safe on her return. Simi- lar instances of the lence in negroes by their masters are by no means rare. pleat the North know little of the trust we do put in ple. He thn gave me a number of other illustra- tions of the affection and confidence exist ng between the master and the slave, and assured me that upon in vestigating the subject I would not fail to be convinced of the truth and force of his argument. ‘The wholesale merchants on Meeting, Hayne, King and Fast Bay streets are beginning to feel the effects of the non. intercourse policy. Already they are receiving large orders from the country merchants, and an unprecedented spring trade is looked for. They are daily in receipt of encouraging letters from the retail merchants, and from present appearances, it is believed that nine-tenths of the country merchants in the State will buy their goods at Charleston this season. A movement is now, on foot to start a semi-montbly line of propellers between Charleston and Liverpool, or some port in France, so as to enable importers here to get their goods over with more despatch. At present they are obliged to depend upon sailing vessels for the great bulk of their goods, and \be delay mM causes \ pend iuconvenience, as well as loss. A line of light draught steamers would obvi ate the difficulty, aod give tothe Sduthern importers an independent porition they ought to have ac- quired long ego. It is Believed that the line would be a remunerative one. Not only would it be well eupporter here, but the wholesale dealers in Savannah, Augusta avd Mobtle would all contribute to its support. Charleston ig every way suited for a grand commercial Gepot, and nothing Would be more feasibie than to build up @ direct trade between thie city and Liverpool, or core other European port, by means of a line of steamers. Wh a splendid harbor, and excellent docks and piers, and water enough to float a vessel drawing seventeen feet, at half tide, what more could be desired to lay the foundation of a commercial metropolis? Reet assured, with the natural advantages she possesses and the start she bas already bad in the world, Charleston will one day be to the South what New York is to the North—the great emporium of trade and commerce. WISCONSIN. OUR SPECIAL MADISON CORRESPONDENCE. Manisoy, Wis., Jan. 23, 1860. The Shanghaes Politically Considered—Democratic Senti- ment—Strong Douglas Feeling—The Reported Treachery of Stuart—The Wisconsin Legislature— Madison as it Used to Be—Lively Times—Seward the Choice of the Republi- cans—Helper’s Book Endorsed—Its Circulation—Unfor- tunate Position of the Mail Contractors, &:. Shanghae is the fowl appellation given to the republi- can party of Wisconsin by their rivals, avd J may safe’ say that at present the Shanghaes ‘‘rule the roost. They are not ‘chicken hearted’? men, these Shanghaes, but plucky, game fellows, who can fight a battle with spirit, and, if successful, crow right lustily over their vic- tory. They are much given to abolition proclivities and John Brown sympathizings, however; but as the literal Shanghae is supposed to have more body than brains, J am dispoeed to attribute the political eccentricities of the figurative Shanghee to errors of the head, aud noi of the heart. ‘The democrats of Wisconsin are quite sanguine of suc- cess in the approaching campaign, if they can bave Doug- tas for their standard bearer; and my impression is that, ifthe Little Giant receives the Charleston nomination, there will be a great fluttering among the Shanghaes. In- deed, it is pretty generally understood and conceded that Douglas only, of all the prominent democrats, can possi- bly carry Wisconsin. If, therefore, the «i of the Union wish to see the feathers fiy, they must, in the Charleston Convention, concede to the wishes of the de- mocrats of the Northwest. The Democratic State Convention meets here on the 221 prox., and although the party are nearly unanimous in their preference for Judge Douglas, it is generally sup- posed that the delegates will go to Charleston untramelied by instructions. No man, however, will be selected unless he makes his soundness as a Douglas mans condi- tion of his election. Here, as in Iilmois and Michigan, the democrats feel that without Douglas for a leader they have no earthly hope of success, either locally or national- ly, but they do believe that with him they can carry every Northwestern State. It is being whispered about that of Michigan, is plotting to defeat Ss oe thereby seoure his own nomination for the Be that as ft oay, it ie quite certain that while Mr. Sta- ert bas given Douglas ang bis friends to understand that be ig with them hand and glove, he ia by Mr. Deon, wert epeaee ae, eae of Michigan. ILis quite. ceftain, therefore, hat’ there is. toublo, denl- ing somewhere, for it is a well settled of long standing that a man cannot faithfully serve two masters ; and Mr. Stuart muet, in this case, necessarily play false to one party or the other, unless ‘he may be ac. ak by adopting the injanction given by Polonivs to raat This above all: 10 Aine own uf de true. Thou canst not then be false to any man. Thore who are acquainted with the Michigan ex Senator understand and the rani a The 'e of Wisconsin is now in session, and the Solona of the State are here in full force. It is evident, eer bers were unable to £ home. Laie 4 every was drank perhaps AL Ae ‘bis memory, as he heaved a sigh for thi o' 1} tymea: and remersbrances of the glorsus cenly Gees ot Wisconsin {long de treasured among his most IBLE wits The republicans, or rather “‘shanghaes,” as thoy ur: called here, are busy in framing wise wa for the givern- ment of the State. “The Governor in his annual m :1s«o, Mike all other Governors, paid his respects to the siavery question, but no new ideas, Sew. fra has ibe toads track in tha State hod wi carry it with the Chicago Convention, although % is generally Lg All that Lincoln would poll much the strongest ward is su to have in New York, Ivania New Sores give him a pre. if with the Northwestern delegates in vention. have no candidate for whom ae en- support of the Wisconsin repub- ik it would do for the candidate to Large numbers of this work are the West, not only in the towns the railroads upon which I have » 98 elsewhere where I have been, sentiment of the republican is favorable to its circulation, and in s:me of the republican strongholds! am told that tho demand excoeds the supply. ‘The mail contractors eee veer the waste of time in Congress. Thoy their money to enable them to fulfil their contracts, and unless they get retief soon they will be forced into bankrupcy. Many of them have already been compelied to throw up their contracts, and more will soon follow. This paying of twenty and thirty per cent for money is they are able to stand. It has already ruined hundreds, and more are doomed to the game fate unlese they have a speedy remedy. MAINE. OUR SPECIAL BIDDEFORD CORRESPONDENCE. Bivverorn, Me., Jan. 27, 1960. Large Manufacturing Corporations in Maine—1he Pepperell, Laconia and York Companiea—American Female Lalor in the Pactorica—Anti Republican Agents— Religious ‘Toleration—Inieresting Statistics, dc., dc. The city of Biddeford is a thriving and enterprising Place, numbering some 10,00 inhabitants. It has one hotel, the Biddeford House, known to all Eastern travel- Jers as one of the very beat hotels in the New England States. It is ke,t by Mr. Frank Atkinson, who has re- cently assumed the charge of the establishment. He commences his career under highly flattering auspices, and Southerners coming this way, en route for Cape Eliza- beth, the ‘* Pool,” the “ Ferry,’ or * Orchard Beach,” — all delightful summer resorte—may tarry a while here, and be none the worse for coming in contact with a North- ern landlord with Southern feelings like Atkinson. ” Biddeford is the residence ef the member of Congress from the dietrict—Mr. Somes—a black republican, whose election was secured by the profuse disbursement of money—Elder Peck having acknowledged that $13,000 of his defaleation was devoted to that purpose. Other pro- minent individuale hail from this snug place; and as the Supreme Court is now in session here—or rather in Saco, on the opposite side of the Saco river—tho dignitaries at hand are neither few nor far between. Ex Governor Kent, who was President Taylor’s consul at Rio Jaueiro, is Presiding Judge, and although unused to the ermine— having been in the harness only about six moaths—he gets along to the entire satisfaction of the bar. In Biddeford there are two large manufacturing corpo- rations—the Pepperell and the Laconia. The York Mavuvu- facturing Company should also be included in the num ber, although it is located on the other side of the river, in Saco. ‘The Pepperel) Manufacturing Company is one of the largest corporations in New England. There are three massive brick mills in the corporation. They are five and six stories high, built in the most thorough manner, and resting upon « foundation as solid as adamant. Mill numbered 1 apd 2, are each 228 fect long by 75 wide number 8, 824 by 76. The pillars in the basement ar brick and iron; in other parts of the building they ar wooden. ‘The walls are 28 inches thick, the upper storie self-supporting from the roof. The mills manufactur browh shectings, shirtings from 30 inches io 105 inche in width, driilings, jeans and flannels. They mak 15,000,000 of yards per year, and consume 12,000 bales or 6,000,000 Ibs. cotton per annum. The number of Jooma run is 1,620; spindles, 70,400. They employ 1,600 persons—600 male, 1,000 females. Here, unlike other mills in New Fngland, the American element predomi- Rates, as & ress & of the females employed are Yankee 3B gs 3 B se 2 giris.’ Next come the Canadian French, Irish, Nowa Sco- tian, New Foundlanders, Scotch, English, aud Norwe- gians. The males are mostly Americans. ‘About $24,000 are expended monthly—24 working days—for wages. The males earn from $1 25 to 75c. per day—the females, $3 to €5 per week—all including board, which the opera- tives can obtain where they please. 6 Pepperell Com- pany is fortunate in having for its t a gentleman of such intelligence and probity as Mr. W. P. Haines. He is no black repub.ican, but an out-and-out national demo: crat. There mills are turning out about as large an amount of work as they ever did. The operatives look nest, thrifty and contented. ‘The Laconia Manufacturing Company is a substantial and proeperous corporation. Like the Pepperell, there are three large mills, built of brick, in the corporation, No. 1 was constructed in 1846, and Nos. 2 and 3 in 1848. They are models for strength and solidity, and are so strong as to seem almort clumsy. Every inch of every stone in the foundation rests upon solid rock. They manufacture can- ton flannels, fine sheetings and shirtings, heavy sheetings, jeans and drillingge and turn cut 12,000,000 of yards ol these fabrics per year—consuming about 10,000 bales of cotton. The" corporation have houses ia Boston and New York. Number of looms, 1,280; spindles, 60,600. Nuraber of operatives, $00--one-quarter of whom are males. The Jargest number of any one class are Americans; the others Canadian French, Irish, Scotch, Eoglish, German and Swiss. Wages of males, $3 to 50 cents a day; females, $1 to 42 cents aday, including board. The agent of the Laconia Gom- pany, Augustine Haines, Eeq. ‘been highly successful in bis adm‘niatrati»n of the affairs of the corporation for tbe last ten years. He hates the abolitionista, and hates those who don’t hate them. He is a mild tempered gentleman, and endeavors to inculcate the principles of moratity and religion among the opera. tives. He has a practical way of doing it, too. One of the workmen took occasion to swear profurcly one day. Mr. Haines heard him, and his feelings were shocked. He went up tthe man, and in an impressive way remarked, “Young man, you swear most horribly; you ought to be discharged; you muet be discharged; by God, sir, you are discharged.’ Mr. Haines was appointed by Pre’ sident Buchanan one of the visiters to the West voint Academy, at the last official visitation. He is nowa prominent candidate for delegate to the Charles. ton Convention from this district, which includes the au- gue city of Portland, where the Great Eastern has not yevarrived. Delegates are to be chosen at @ convention to be holden in this city on Wednesday next. Mr. H., like every cther democrat Tcan find here, is friendly to the nomination of the ‘Little Giant.” ‘The following is a copy of the regulations of the Laconia Mills, and ag they appiy to most of the large mannfactur- ing corporations in this State, ite insertion may not be cut of place. Some of the rules are suggestive:— GENERAL REGULATIONS OF THE LACONIA COMPAKY. Bach and every person in the employ, or who may hereafter tater into the etnploy of said company, will take notice that be or the expressly contracts and agrees fn writing, as per memorandum of contract, of which the following is # oepy, to wit “Whereas, by an set of the Legiainture of the State of Maine, aoproved Atigust 10, 1813, things. enacted n houre of acta! Tabor sheuld aid , we will severally work even boure’a day. equal to asty sis hours & ‘uch bours in the day of eveh working day ‘aaid company may time to time, or at say as and for the working hours the caid company while in i i i Those intending to leave the emp it of the are teatro sercerat nen vreau mene tu ene irene orien naa nen, sicaness excepted, will not be @ntitled any pay, nor toare gular digcharge. Pay eps will be made monthly. ‘aeconnis wi'l be made np to ibe last Saturday of each month, and in the crurse of the week fi fog. E SHEET. - will be regular In thetr attendance upon publie worship "These regulations will be of the contract with all pertona eatacing iio; cr eondaukeg’ ior the suapley: Consbany. of Biiess mio fuifi thelr ata with the company, and we after two weeks oo r - previ bas note, WE! be entitled to their Fer 0 rite among the rank and file, while vthers talk of Fessen- den, Chase, Seward and the rest. OUR SPECIAL SACCARAPPA CORRESPONDENCE. Saccararra (Wssraroox), Me, , Jan. 27, 1860. An Internal Manufacturing Village in Maine—The Law- Yence Disaster Having a Good Bffect—The Westhrook Ma- nufacturing Company—Paper and Grist Mille—The New York Methodist Book Concern—Good Wives tobe Had in Saccarappa, dc. , dc. ‘This is one of the largest manufacturing villages in the vicinity of Portland. It contains 2,000 inhabitants, and is located on the Presumacott river, a never failing stream for manufacturing purposes, and an outlet of Labago bay. ‘There are two mills in the corporation—one constructed of brick, with a rocky basis, and the other of wood, with the same substructure. The mills were built a quarter of a century ago, and the corporation financially collapsed about a year since, when the mills were sold at auction, and purchased at a low price by parties who have since invested $100,000 in improvementa. The mills aro now in full operation. They manufacture shirting, stripes and cotton duck. Of the striped fabric, 14,000 yards are ma- nufactured per month; of duck, ravens and coarse, 26,000 per month. The mills consume 2,160 bales of cotton per annum. The goods are gent to houses in Boston and New York, Francis Skinner & Company, Boston, being the principal selling agents. There sre employed in the corporation 235 operatives, nearly all Americans. There are some Canadian French and Irish, but the num. ber is not large. Two thirds of all the operatives are females. The males earn from $2 25 to 25 cents a day; the females average lees. The corporation have board ing houses in which females can Oud board at $1 25 to $1 50 per week, and the males at $2 to $2 50. The pay roll amounts to about $4,000 per month. No dividends have been deciared for a Jong time, as the former owners exbausted the capital and let the coucern go. Business 8 now increasing, and the whole establishment looks thrifty and prosperous. The late disaster at Lawrence caused the agent, Mr. James Haskell, formerly of Rockport and Gloucester, Magaachusetts, to examine the condition of the milla, from the foundation to the superstructure, with a view both to the safety of life and property. No better preparations for rescue by Gre or of subduing the same exist in any mills in New Eugland. The duck mill {s a wooden structure, and it is probable, aotwithstanding the precautions taken to prevent accidents, that the owners will Gnd ita matter of interest and profit to erect, in due time, a more substantial structure for the peculiar business of manufacturing duck cloth. The principle upon which the Weethrock duck mil! is constructed, is not, however, likely to lead to the results apprebended from @ coutinu ance of the work to the duck mill in Lawrence, Mass. , so far as human life is concerned. Since the new owners commenced operations, iron Mars, hollow and about six inches in diameter, have en put inthe places of some wooden posts. The gas used in the mills is manufactured in the corporation. ‘Th's is the only mitl we have seon in which the Ameri- can female element largely predominates. Among the operatives of this class are young women who are school teachers, also those who take to the mills for the purpose of earning money to buy fine clothes, and others who make ita businees from girlhood up to sixty years of There is one lacy in the Saccarappa (or Westbrook) mills who is past three ecore years of age, and who still looks as active as a widow of forty. American mechanics, and others, could select good, faithful and industrious wives from such cotton mills as thore of the Westbrook corporation. Sac- carappa is rich in pretty girls. In the village of Congin, also in the town of Westbrook, the large ir mill of Grant, White & Co., of Boston, is located. ¢ Mill is called the Cumberland, and is con- stantly at work, nightand day. A large quantity of its paper is sent to New York. Some of strong and beautiful texture, for the Methodist’ Book Concern in your city, is now in process of manufacture. ‘There are other milis on the Presumscott river, anong which is Raymond’s grist mill, where Chicago wheat, brought over the Grand Trunk Railroad, is ground, an the flour sold to the multitudes of consumers hereabouts. Saccarappa has not been unduly tinctured with aboli tionism. ‘The village is republican; but the girls say they go for the best fellows, and rather cousin to the demo- ie Nobody here kuows who is to be the next Presi- jent! MASSACHUSETTS. . OUR SPECIAL GREAT FALLS CORRESPONDENCE. Great Faris (Somersworth), Mass., Jan. 25, 1860. A New England Manufacturing Town—Thirty Miles of Cloth Turned Owl Daily—Pitt Fessenden the Favorite of the Republicans—Democrats for Pierce or Douglas, dc. This town ebntains one of the largest manufacturing corporations in New England. It is called the Great Falls Manufacturing Company. The town contains about 9,000 inhabitants, nearly 2,000 of whom are employed in the mills. The corporation bas seven mills, al! built of brick, with foundations of stone, resting on solid rock. They are five and six stories high, and substantially construct. ed. The foundation walls are two and a half feet thick at the top, and the walla of the upper stories are sixteen and twenty inches thick. The jar or vibration when the ma- chinery is in full operation is slight. Mill No. 1 is 154 feet long by 44 wide; No. 2,190 by 50; No. 3, 198 by 4834; No. 4, 188 by 484; No. 5, 18234 by 48; No. 6, about the same proportion; No. 7, 2203; feet long by 48 wide. The beams are all fastened outside the walls, except those that are self supporting. The supports or pillars are mostly solid iron posts. . The number of hands employed is: males, 492; females, 1,172, with supernumary help, swelling the whole num- ber toward 2,000. Of this number eighty to ninety por cent are Americans. The foreigners are mostly Irieh, with a few English. The average wages of malcs is $6 60 per week; females, $2 25, both exclusive of board, which, for males, averages $175 per week; for females, $1 26, The moncy for board is paid to the operatives in addition to their regular compensation. The corporation regulates the price of board. The men board where they please, but the girls generally board in the corporation boar¢ ing houses. ‘The company manufacture sheetings, shirtings, print cloths and drills. Fighteen millions of yards of yoods are manufactured annually; this is thirty miles a day, or 9,360 a year—more than the diameter of the globe. The cotton consumed amounts to 10,000 bales, or 5,000,000 per annum. The number of looms run is 2,123; spindles, 88,484. Capital stock, $1,500,000. Shares, 200; whole number of shares, 760. A dividend of three per cent was declared last July, and four per cent in January. The mills are driving off every yard possible, and the goods are fold in advance. The amount manufactured per week is nearly up to the best times of 1856. The average r week then was 369,000 yards; the present year, $84,000 yards—tbe difference being occasioned by the change in help. When the mills partially suspended in 1857, a number of old hands were discharged, and their places have been supplied with those who are compara. tively, as yet, unfamiliar with the work. The business of the mills has been gradually increasing since the resump- tion. ‘There are seven churches in Great Falls, and it is es- tated thes iver Searine of the operatives attend one or the other—the Catholics particularly. There is no of @ drouth aff the of the mills, for the company own the Fails river to its sonrce, and cap, by flowage st the proper season, keep s good apply of water always on band. ‘The arent the mills, Jobn A. Burleigh, Esq., has been in the service twent, pene rene ae one fatal accident bas occurred in the mills during that period, ‘and that was the result of carelessness. Mr. Burleigh ‘has literally become blind in the service of the corpora- a bes he well aided in his duties by his gon, Gee. W. Bur! 5 Erety body in Great Falls, except a few ‘‘nobie”’ souls, are black republicans. A majority of the men blacks as any town in the province, and to this fact the town owes its preeent blighted condition. They have been ‘curse to the place and a nuisance to the ceuntry gene. rally. About eight ago they were allowed to or- wanize in military companies; but they proved Us, 10 the whites, and after several riots they were disband. ed Withina i they have mobbed several Southern gentlemen, who bad gone there to see runaway slaves who bad written to them to come and take them home. ‘They are now stripgling for the admiesion of the colored chilcren into the same schools with white ebildren; and ae the whiter are gradually leaving the place, it is thoaght qhe Dlacke will eoon have the contro). 3 VIRGINIA PREPARING FOR THE STRUGGLE, THE HARPER'S FERRY OUTRAGES. Highly Important Report of the Joint Com- mittee of the Legislature. The Militia to be Put on a War Footing. ; A NON-INTERCOURSE BILL REPORTED. Measures for the Detection and Punishment of Abolitonist Incendiaries to be Passed, ade. &o., ko. In the Virginia House of Delegates, on the 25th, Mr. James Barbour, of Culpeper, one of the ableat, if not the ablest member of the House, presented the following re- port from the so-called Harper’s Ferry Joint Committee. Mr. Barbour is chairman of the House branch of this committee. The first part of the report is a mere recital of the events connected with the attack upon Harper's Ferry, and some subsequent incidents with which our readers are familiar. ; The evidence before ‘our committee is sufficient toshow the existence, in a num! - r of Northern States, of a wide- Spread conapiracy, not merely against Virginia, but against the peace and security of all the Southern States. But the careful erasure of names and dates from many of ‘the papers found in Brown’s possession, render it difficult to procure legal evidence of the guilt of the i * cated. The conviction of the existence of suc! * crap cy is deepened by the sympaiby with the culprits bas been manifested by large numbers of persons in the Northern States, and by the disposition, which your com- apy Aveta did exist, to reacae them from the cus- the Jaw. jearly 500 letters, addresecd to Governor Wise, after the arrest of Brown and his confederates, have been mspect- ed by your committee. Many of these were anonymous, and evidently written in bad faith, but the greater number were genuine letters, apparently from re- spectadle sources. In some instances the authors professed to state, from their own knowledge, and in others, from information which they credited, that there were organi- zations on foot in various States and neighborhoods, to ef- fect the rescue of Brown ana his associates; and they therefore urged the Governor to concentrate a sufficient military force about Charlestown (the county seat of Jef- fergon) to frustate all such purposes. Several ministers of the Gospel, and other citizens who valued the peace and harmony of the country, appealed to Governor Wise &8 @ measure of humanity, and to save the effasion of Blood, to assemble such & body of troops .arcund the pri- fon 48 would intimicate the sy inpathizers from atrempting arescue. They justly foresaw tnat even an abortive ai- tempt, attended with loss of life, would in all probability be followed with disastrous consequen ye to the peace of the country. a Pending the trials, and after the conviation of the pri koners, & great many letters were received by the Gbvern- or, from citizens of Northern States, urging him to par- don the offenders, or to commute’ their punighment. Some of them were written in « spirilof menave, threaten- ing his lite, and that of members of bis family, if he should fail to comply with their demands. Others gave notice of the purpose of reeoiute bancs of desperadoes to fire the principal towns and cities of Virginia, and thus obtain re- venge by destroying the property and lives of our citt- zens. Others appealed to his clemency, to bis magna- nimxy, and to his hopes of mture political promouon, ag presenting motives for his interceesion in behalf of ‘the convicted felons. Anoiher class (and amoug theee were letters from men of national reputation) besoagut him to pardon them on the ground of public policy, The writers professed to be thorougoly jufurmed as ty the condition of public sentiment in the North, and rapresented 1 as 80. favoravle to the parden or comarutation of punisiiment of the prisoners, ag to render it not ne- certury, 10 interpose the ex: merey, to conciliate this morbid popular apinion in the North, The testimony before the commitwe amply vindicates the conduct of the Executive in assombling a strong mili- tury force at the gcene of excitemeat; and the prompt nese apd energy with which he discharged bis duty merit, and doubticss will receive, the commendation of the Le- grslature and the people of the State. Your committee do not deem it necessary to prosecute their investigations as to the facts of this iniquitous out- rage on the peace und sovereignty of our State further at this time. They have full confidence in the zeal and ability of the Committee cf the Senate of the United States, and doubt not that they will employ their more ample powers for the elimination of every fact connected with the transaction. Should their investigation lead to new disclosures, it will be competent for the Legislature hereafter to adopt such meagures us may be deemed ad- visable. In the judgment of the committee enough is exhibited by the testimony before them to justify the legielative action which they propose. ‘This invasion of a sovereign State by citizens of other States, confederated with subjects of a foreign govern- ment, presents mater for grave consideration. [i is an event without parallel in the history of eur country. And when we remember that the incursion was marked by distinct geographical features; that it was made by citi- zens of Northern States on a Southern, State; that all the countetanee and encouragement whict™t received, and all the material aid which was extended to it, were by citizens of Northern States; and that its avowed object was to make war upon and overthrow an institution intimately interwoven with ail the interests of the Southern States, and constituting an essential clement of their eocial and political systems—an institution which has existed in Vir ginia for more than two centuries, and which is rocog- nized and guaranteed by the mutual covenants between the North and the South, embodied in the constitution of the United States—every thoughtful mind must be filed with deep concern and anxiery for the fature peace and security of the country. ‘The subject of siaveay bas, from thne to time, consti- tiled 8 Gieterbiag element in our political system from the foundation of our confederated republic. “At the date of the declaration of our national independence slavery existed in every colony of the confederation. It had been introduced by ihe mother country, against the wishes and Femongtrances of the colonies. It is true that in the moro northern members of the confederation the number of slaves was small, but the institution was ized and protected by the lawa of all the colonies. If, then, there be apytbing in the institution of elavery at war with the Jaws of God or the rights éf humanity, which we deny, the gin attaches to Great Britain as ite founder, and to all the original thirteen States of the confederacy as having given to it thelr sanction and support. Shortiy after the delaration ot independence the Nérth- ern States adopted prospective measures to relieve them- selves of the African population. at it is a great mistake to suppoee that their policy in this particuiar was prompt- ed by any spirit of philanthropy or tender regard for the welfare of the negrorace. On the contrary, it was dice tated by an enlightened self-interest, yielding obedience to overruling laws of social economy. Experience had shown tbat the African race were not adapted to high northern latitudes, and that sisve labor could not compete Buccessfully with free white labor in those pursuits to which the induetry of the North was directed. Thie dis- covery baving been made, the people of the North at an early day began to dispose of their slaves by sale to citi- zene of the Southern States, whose soil, climate and pro- ductions were better adapted to their habits and capaci- ties; and the legislation of the Northern States, following the course of public opinion, was directed, not to emanci- pation, but to the removal of the slave puiation beyond their limits. To effect this object, they adopted a eystem of laws which provided, pros- pectively, all children born of female’ slaves, within their jurisdiction, after certain specified dates, should be held free wheu they attained a given age. No law can be found on the statute book of any Northern State which conferred the boon of freedom on @ single slave in being. All who were glaves remained slaves. Freedom was secured only to the children of slaves, born after the days desygnated in the laws; and it War secured to them only in the contingency that the owner of the female slave should retain her within the jurisdiction of the State until after the child was born. To secure freedom to the after-born child, therefore, it was necessary that the consent of the master, indicated by hie permitting the motber to remain in the State, should be superadded to the provisionaof the law. Without such consent the Jaw would have been inoperative, besause the mother, before the birth of the child, might, at the wiil of the master, be removed beyond the jurisdiction of the law. There was no legal grees of such removal, for such a prohibition would have becn at war with the policy of the Jaw, which was obviously removal and not emancipation. The effect of this lation was, as might bave readily been foreseen, to ipduce the owners of female slaves to sell them to the planters of the South before the time arrived when the forfeiture of the offspring would accrue. By these laws a wholesale slave trade was inaugurated, under which a Jarge proportion of the siaves of the Northern were sold to persone residing south of Pennsylvania; itis an unquestionable fact that @ large number of slaves of the Southern States are the descendants of #014 by Northern men to citizens of the South, pants of general warranty of title to them crease. As carly as 1778, Virginia, foreseeing slaves from the North, under the oper causes, and of anticipated legisiation, herself Gene effects, by stringent ments. ‘ith this view,in that year forbidding the importation of sla & if ifeel D 3 ze F alte E yet | land or sea, under penalty of £1,000 for each slave #0 im- ported, and the forfe of the right to the slave. The Sal Seters Se at ae a wee le rant ves ‘fons acquiring to slaves in otber States ‘escent, devise or marriage, (See 9 Hen., Stat. 471-2 ) law remained in force until the revisal of 1819, when it was fegeth i & i : i #59