The New York Herald Newspaper, August 14, 1859, Page 5

that they are not in a position to take the steps necessary to guard against their recurrence. Suob, it is pleaded, was the case on the Northern Rafiway; and, therefore, if we are to goto the root of the evil, we must compel such reforms in the nancial direction of the companies as will deprive them of all such excuses. Obviously, as our correspondent suggests, the relieving of the jines of the burdens arising from stock given without an equivalent, or fraudulently created, is the first process of excision which the necessi- ties of the case call for. This expedient has been resorted to by the new managers of the Southern Pacific Railroad (great Texas Western), and the consequence is that the line is now freed from an enormous weight which it would have been una- dle to carry. We instance this, of course, only as one of the numerous reforms which the pres ~ent depressed condition of our railroads renders “indiepensable. There are various other retrench- ‘ments, such as the reduction of presidents’ and superintendents’ salaries, lobby expenses and cor- rupt contracts, which, if vigorously carried out, ‘would enable railway boards to appropriate the sums necessary to keeping their tracks and roll- ing stook in proper working order. Another correspondent takes exception to the plan that we suggested the other ‘day of rendering the different counties responsible for the safety of the railway bridges and viaducts within their jurisdiction, and of giving them a remedy against the companies. Onur correspondent suggests that, instead of this, Grand Juries ehould be authorized to present im- Perfectly constructed railway works, and that Judges should, on their presentment, have power to proceed summarily against the companies. We own that we prefer our own plan, inasmuch asit creates a double responsibility, and gives to par. | ‘ties injured a means of recovering compensation, which, in case of bankruptcy on the part of the company, the other would not confer. In the meanwhile, whilet all these recommen- dations and suggestions are working out a pos- sible future remedy, dre the unfortunate sufferers by the late pitiless massacre to be left without the satisfaction which their case demands? The blood of the victims calls aloud for vengeance, and the verdict of a coroner’s jury has pointed out where the responsibility lies. It is forthe au- thorities to carry out to their full results the pro- ceedings which this verdict and public opinion ‘alike demand. THE LATEST NEWS. Affairs In Washington. ‘Wasmxoron, August 13, 1859. ‘General Cushing, who is now here, has been tendered ‘the mission to Central America; but his engagements areof such a nature as to render his apceptance of the appoint- ment impossible. The administration regards the post- ‘elon as of great importance under existing circumstances. ‘The Southern Railroad Coavention has adjourned. The ‘proposition for the arrangement of freights was with- drawn. A commitiee was appointed to correspond with the railroad companies between Portland and Wasbing- ton, with the view of bidding in conjanction with them- elves for the conveyance of the great mails from Portiand to Now Orleans. Fire at Westboro, Mass. Wasrson0, August 13, 1859. ‘The Btate Reform School at this place, containing over ‘Dive hundred boys, was discovered to be on fire at half ‘past 6 o'clock this morning, and with the exeeption of one ‘wing and the tower was entirely consumed. No lives were lost. Boston, August 13—P. M. ‘The Reform] School building in Westboro, nearly de- stroyed by fire this morning, is an institutien for ja- 4. venile offenders, and was first opened in 1849. The ‘Duildings and land cost the State $165,000. One of the ‘boys belonging to the school bas been arrested on the charge of setting the place on fire.’ Lous of the British Brig Leferina. Barrons, Avg ast 13, 1859. ‘The brig Delta, from Cay Verde, reports that the British brig Leferina, from St. Domingo for Falmouth, was wreck- ed st Fortune Isiand July 20. All hands were saved, and ‘the Delta brought two of the crew to this port, Sailing of the Anglo-Saxon. Montreal, August 13, 1859. ‘The steamship Anglo Saxon salied at half.past 9 o'clock this morning, for Liverpool. She takes out fifty-nine pas -pengers. Weather calm. Maraets. PHILADELPHIA STOCK BOARD. PHILADELPHIA, August 13, 1860. Brooks steady. ivania State fives, 903; ‘Reading mulncad 2147 Morrie Oanel, 8136; Long island’ Railroad, Raiiroad, 8834. 3034; Peansy!vania : Barrunorz, August 13, 1859. Flour dull, and Howard street offered at 25c. decline. ‘Whest dull; sales of 18,000 busheis white $1 20a $1 36, red $1 20. Corn dull, acd 2c. lower: white and opr 0c. & 720. steady: mess pork $15 25; badon: wides 93{c., Whiskey unchanged. - PHILADELPHIA, August 13, 1859. Flour tends downward. Wheat had declined 6c ; red Bl 28 a $1 30. Corn active; yellow 73c. Uate steady. Provisions quiet: mess pork $15; bacon firm; hams Lic. a Bs , Sides 93¢¢. a ¥Xc., shoulders 7g. a7%c. Whiskey ic. Bormavo, August wt P. ee Flour unchanged: ssles 1,600 bb's. ry extra Western, and $6 25 a $6 50 for doudle extra. Wheat quiet and steady: sales 8,000 bushels new red Ohio in lots at $1 10. D dul! and 2c. lower: sales 6,000 bush- els No. 1 Tinois, at 66c. Other grains quiet, no sales. Whiekey nomial’ at 24c. Lake imports to-day—6,000 ‘busbels carn. Canai exportsa—100 bbis. flour, 2,000 ‘bushels wheat, 23,000 bushe's cora. Caicaco, Avgust 183—6 P. M. Flour quiet. Wheat clored with an advancing ten- dency. Corn dull and declined le. ac. Oata quiet. Re- reipta to-aay—3,300, bb's floor, 38,000 bushels wheat, 2,600 bushels corn. ‘Sbipmen's—000 bbls. flour, 20,0 Dusheis wheat, 25,000 bushels corn, 15,00 Dushsis oats, SrmaM For Paracvay.—The reason why vessels from the Rio de Ia Plata are often unable to secure full freighte for the United States is in a great measure owing to the delay attendant upon navigating veese!s up to Rosario and other ports in the interior. One American vessel has lately been over twenty days in going from Buenos Ayres to Rosario—a sailing distance, even counting the bends in the river Parana, of lees than two hundred miles. Thus a vessel, having secured two-thirds or even only one-haif of ber cargo in the cities of Buenos Ayres or Monterideo, ‘will often return home with it in preference to risking the de'ay and consequent expense of proceeding to ports in ‘the interior. ‘A well organized line of tugbosts has of late been greatly needed. Especially will the case be #0 if we con- tinue to get along peaceably with Paraguay, even to carry ‘vessels as far up her rivers as it may be practicxble. Mr. F. L. King, of this city, we understand, bas just re- turned from those countries for the purpose of getting up in this city, if possible, a company to purchase steamtugs to rum on those rivers. Mr. K. has charters of privileges nd other documents between the governments of Para- guay, the Afgentine Confederacy, and himself, or substi- totes. Should Mr. K be unsucceasfel in this city, be in- tends to proceed to Boston to form such 3 company there If pesaible. Marine Court. Before Hon. Judge MoCarthy. ACTION FOR DANGEROUS ASSAULT. Avocet 13.—Wm. Quinn vs. E4. McCrossen.—These par- Yes reside in Williamsburg, and it appears that the plain- tiff went to the defendant to collect a bill; some alterca- tion ensued, and the defendant's dog was ‘let loose” and «made bavoc’’ on the collector of bills. THE POPE’S GOVERNMENT. His Temporal Domintons—Orgenization of the States of the Church—Dhe Reveouss and Resources of the Government—The Pope's Body Guard and army—The Col- lege of Cardinals—Thetr Number and How Appolntea—Rights Catnoltc Sovereigus in Relation pone! lds Pope's Govera- ment Realty an Ecclesiastical Oligarchy— The Two Factions of the Cardinals—His- tory of the Election of the Popes—uccese- ful Struggie of the Church for the Election by Cardinals—The Veto of the Catholic Powers of Europe on Particular Somi- nees—Curious Mode of Election, and Pecu- Mar Ceremonies Attsnding It. ‘The territories comprised in the Papal States number up- ‘Wards of three millions of inhabitants, or about one-third Of the whole Italian population, As the readers of the HEnatp have seen from former articles, they have been ‘ecquired at various periods by inheritance or bequest, by cession and by conquest: First, the landa and tenements Granted by Constantine; then the Duchy of Rome, with a large portion of the exarchate of Ravenna, conferred by Pepin and Charlemagne in the eighth century; next, the Duchy of Benevento, ceded by the German Emporor Henry Il, to Leo IX., and in the twelfth century the allo- dial possessions of the Countess Matilda passed by bequest to the eburch, including what is now known asthe “Pa trimony of St. Peter.” On the retura of the Popes to Rome from Avignon in France, after an exile of seventy- three years, and on the subsequent subjection of the petty Princes of Romagna and Umbria, other important posses- sions gradually fell into their hands. In the fifteenth century they obtained the principality uf Ponwourvo ia fGe kingdom of Naples, and about the same period Pe- rugia and several other towns acknowledged the sove- relgnty of the ‘successors of St. Peter,’”’ and the conquests of Pope Julius I. added to the dominions of the Holy See the important provinces of Romagna ani Bologna. Anco. DB wan ocenpiod Ly tne Papal troops in 1632; Ferrara was reized in 1597; the Duke of Urbino abdicated in favor of the Church in 1626, and a few years afver the Papal terri: tory received iis last addition in the flefa of Castro and Roneiglione, wrested by Innocent X. from the Farnese fa- milly. Such were tho temporal possessions of the Pope till the French Revolution and the wars of Bonsparte in Italy. The final defeat of the French Emperor by the Allies re- stored the Pope to Rome, and Rome and his temporal do minions to the Pope, in 1814, except that part of the pro vinée of Ferrara situated on the left bank of the Po, which Austria retained, together with the right of cccupying the places of the city of Ferrara and Commachio, The Pope, through Cardinal Consal vi, protested against the latter measure at the Congress of Vienna, where his restoration was settled. But no attention wasever paid to the Pope’s protest. The occupation of the city, as well as the citadel of Fer- rara by Austria, in 1847, on the ground that the word “place” in the treaty applied to the entire city, roused a spirit of nationality and insurrection against Austria, which was momentarily appeased by the surrender of doth clty and citadel to the Pope, which, however, were afterwards occupied, as wellas the greater part of the territory of the Church, by an Austrian army. ‘The States of the Church are divided into twenty pro. vinces. Tho“first is the Comarca of Rome, including with- in its jurisdiction the capital and the Agro Romano. The other nineteen are divided into two classes, Legations and Delegations, The Legations are governed by Cardinals, and the Delegations, for the most part, by Prelates, with the title of Monseiguore. The office of Prelate is peculiar to the Papal States. He is nota bishop, nor necessarily an ecclesiastic, but must continue in celibacy when in office. ‘This office is the stepping stone to preferment in the higher offices of State, There are six Legations—Bologna, Ferrara, Forli, Ravenna, Urbino (with Pesaro) and Velletri. There are thirteen delegations or provinces, among which are Ancona, Perugia, Civita Vecchia and Benevento. The Le- gations and Delegations are divided into distrizis, the lat. ter into governorships, and theese Sgain into communes, The government ig a sort of theocracy—an elective ab- solute politico religious monarchy—chosen by the College of Cardinals. The municipal government of Rome is entrusted to the Senator, an officer of high antiquity, and generally ot one of the great patrician families, and the Conservatori, with @ municipal body of forty councillors, selected by the Pope. Their functions are purely municipal, in the mest contracted seize, neither exercising magisterial duties nor interfering with the police. The revenues of the city amount to about $800,000 annually, of which two-thirds are seized by the government, leaving “the municipality with very inadequate means. Hence Rome, as regards lighting, clearsing and paving fis in a worse condition than almost any other city in Europe. The revente of the Papal States is about twelve millions of dollars. The expense of collection amoants to twenty- five per cent on the receipts. The States of the Caurch are divided into three military divisions—Rome, Bologna and Ancona, The army is un- der the direction of a Minister of War, of Iste s military man. The Swiss Body Guard of the Pope comprises 126 foot eoldiers, who carry the sncien} balvert and wear the singular costume said to have been devised by Michael ‘Angelo. The Pope’s “Noble Guard” is a mounted corps of eighty noblemen. The whole Papal military force, con- isting chiefly of Swiss, numbers abou! 15,000 foot and 1,600 horse, exclusive of the gendarmerie (or national gvard) placed under the direction of the police. Thefavy consists of a solitary gun-brig, some small crafi, and two or three steamers. The education of the lower classes is less attended to than in any other country in Italy except Naples. There are few countries in Europe which enjoy more natural advantages of soil and ciimate than the States of the Church, but their resources, owing to misgovernment, re- main undeveloped. The College of Cardinale numbers seventy when it is complete—that_ being the limit fixed by Sextus V., in alla sion to the seventy disciples sent out by Christ to preach the Gospel over the world. Of these six are cardinal bishops of the six suburban dioceses, fifty are cardinal priests, who have all titles from parish churches in Roma, and fourteen are cardinal deacons, who have their tities from churches in Rome of less note. The cardinals sre created by the Pope when there are vacancies; sometimes he names one or two ata time, but generally he defers the appointments till there are ten or twelve vacancies, when the Catboiic kings and emperors of Europe have a right to present one candidate each, and if there be not some very great objection they are all appointed. The cardinals are commonly promoted from among such cler- vymen as bave borne offices in the Roman Coart; some sre taken from the orders of monks; eminent eccle- siestice of other countries are likewise honored with this dignity, lke Cardinal Wiseman, of Eogland, and formerly Cardinal Wolsey, Cardinal Richeliex and Cardinal Pole, Sons of Catholic sovereigns have frequently been members of ‘the Sacred College.” Their distinctive dress {!s scarlet, to signify that they ought to be ready to shed their blood for the faith and church when the defence and honor of either require it. They wear a scarlet cap and kat, the cap is given to them by the Pope, if they are at Rome, and is sent to them if they are absent; but the hat is never given except by the Pope’s own hand. These cardinals bave here- tofore formed the Pope’s standing council, cr con- sistory, for the management of the public affairs of the Churen and State. The Emperor of the French in 1849 required the Pope to change the government of the State to a ley, instead of an ecclesiastical gov- ernment, and the old system or Hierarchy Congregazio- ni has been abolished, except for ecclesiastical purposos; but the Pope bas not yet fully eecularized the government. At preeent only one-half are laymen, though laymen are eligible to all the offices except that of Secretary of State. Formerly the cardinals were divided into different congre- gations, for the more easy despatch of business, and some of their number had the principal offices in the Ponti‘iza’ Court, as that of Cardinal, Vicar, Penitentiary, Chancellor, Chamberlain, Prefect of the Signature of Justice, Prefec of Memorials, and Secretary of State. All the political ministers of the Pope were chosen from among the cardi- nals, who have the title of “ Eminence’ and “ Most Emi- nent.” ‘The greater part of the cardinals are insignificant an! passive, mere instruments in the hands of the leadsra who are divided into two factions, the one consisting 0 those who had held office in the time of the Isat Pope, th other of those who had been raised into consequence by bie immediate predecessor; for a8 Popes are generally elected in advanced life, their partisans survive them « Jong time, and acquire by experience and management an influence quite equal to that which belongs to the receat poesessors of authority. A third interest in the conclaves of the cardinals, and often the most considerable of any, ‘8 ‘that of the foreign cardinals, who represent the views of the Catholic States to which they respectively belong. Since the middle of the sixteenth century the Catholic Powers bave commonly insisted on the election of a Pope being made on the principle of the balance of power; and France, Spain and Portugal have always claimed and ex- NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, AUGUST 14, 1859. eroieed the power of interposing with an absolute veto | person. As this is not egainst any individual nomination. It is enough to ex- clude any candidate that the representative of any of these Powers shall announce:—/! mio Re nom Vuole; which, transiated, means, “My sovereign is opposed.” Avetria substantially enjoys the same right, though it ts Dot formally recognized. Since the time of Adrian VI., who was obtruded by Charles V., all the Popes have been Italians, It is now the settled policy of the cardinals, both thatthe Pope be a native of Italy and that he be choeen from their own number. The Italian cardinals Are resolute in not giving themselves @ foreign master, ‘and the provinces, or ‘States of the Church,” as they are called, each wishing preference for itself, compromise the matter by electing some Italian instead of a foreigner. ‘The only other general principle seems to be that tho choice shall falion one with talent eneugh to save tho office from degradation and abuse, but net of thet com. manding genius that would defy control or disdain assist- axice. Constitutionally the Pope is a very absolute sove- reign, but in practice he is generally only the head of an oligarchy. ‘The name Pope comes from the Greek word papa, fath- or. In the East this appellation is given to all Christian Prieats; and in the Weet bishops were called by it in an- Cent times; but for many centaries it has been appropri- ated to the Bishop of Rome, whom Roman Catholics regard. as the common father of all Christians, the successor of St. Peter, who, they say, was the first Bishop of Rome, and suffered martyrdom there. They believe thst Christ Sppointed St. Peter over all other bishops and clergy, and that he intended this dignity should descend by succession to the Bishops of Rome to the end of time. The cardinals have for several ages been the sole elec- tore of the Pope. In the early ages the Gothic and Grecian Princes, and after them the German Emperors, exercised BULDOFILY im the alantinn, ant she tone an rogative increased with the temporal estate and spiriiual Jurisdiction of the Roman Church, The clergy of tbe Roman See recommended one of the candi- dates to the cardinals, who generally confirmed their choice, and the choice was ratified or rejected by the Roman people. But the election was imperfect, nor could the Ponti be consecrated till the Emperor had graciously signified bis approbation and consent. The Imperial Commissioner examined on the "pot the form and freedom of the proceedings ; nor waz it till after previous ecrutiny into the qualifications of the candidate that he accepted an oath of fidelity from ‘the new Pope, aud confirmed the douations which had tuccestively enriched the patrimony of St. Peter, Iu the frequent schisms the rival claims were submitted to the Emperor, who punished the guilty. The Emperor Otho I. tmposed an obligation on the clergy to prefer the cand! date most acceptable to his Majesty, and future Emporors did pot give them even that privilege, but presented to the Fontificate their own favorites, as they did to ali tho bishoprice. These acts were excused by the alleged vices of popular election. The competitor who was excluded appealed to the passions or avarice of the multitude, and the Vatican and the Lateran were often stained with blood. Such was the fatal consequence of uniting Church and State and mixing up the spiritual with temporal power and aggrandizement. ‘Tho Roman Pontifts of the ninth and tenth centuries,” shys Gibbon, “‘were insulted, im- prisoned and murdered by their tyrants; and such was their ind; after the joss and usurpation of the eccle- ‘siastical patrimonies, that they could neither support the State of s prince nor exercise the charity of a priest. The influence of two sister prostitutes, Marozia and Theodora, was founded on their wealth and beauty, their political and amorous intrigues; the most strenuous of their lovers were rewarded with the Roman mitre, and their reign may have suggested to the darker agas the fable of a fe- male Pope (Joan). The bastard son, the grandson and the great grandson of Marozia—a rare genea'ogy— were seated in the chalr of St. Peter, and it was at the sge of nineteen yesrs that the second of these became tue head of the Latin church. Hi* 7outh ahd manhood were of a suitable com- piexion, and the nation of pilgrims ‘could bear testimony to the charges that were urged against him in a Roman synod, and in the presence of Otho the Great. As Joho XIL. bad renounced the drees and the decencies of his profes- sion, the soldier may not perhaps be dishonored by the wine which hg drank, the blood that he spilled, the flames he kindled, or the licemtious pursuitsof gaming and bunt: ing. His open einning might have been the consequences of Gistress. But we read with some surprise that the wor- thy grandeon of Marozia lived in public adultery with the matrons of Rome; that the Lateran palace was turned into @ echool for prostitution, and that his rapes of virgins aud widows had deterred the female pi/grims from visiting ths tomb of St. Peter, lest, in the devout eet, they should be violated by his successor. After a “igng series of scandal the Apostolic See was reformed and exalted by the austerity and zeal of Gregory VII.”’ Gibbon, in support of this narrative, cites Roman Catholic authorities, such as Murator!, St. Marc, Baronius and others. Protestants bave dwelt with malicious pleasure, on these historical facts; but worse crimes can be imputed to the Reformers and the royal heads of the Protestant religions after the Reformation. The immorality of Lather, as regards women and in other respects, was notorious. It is on record ihat be gave the Landgrave of Hesse a license to have two wives together. As for Henry VIII., the supreme head of the Protestant Church in England, be “‘ never spared man in his anger or woman in his lust,’’ and, according to Dr. Bayley, in his “Life of Bishop Fisher,’ Henry, in marrying Anna Boleyn, married his own daagh. ter, whom he afterwards beheaded, as well as several other wives, his tool Archbishop Cranmer giving him di- yorces at will, said Archbishop btmself having been de- tected in imporiing a Dutch wife in a box, with holes bored in it to give her air, at atime when celibacy was the law of the English church. The lechery and amorous intrigues of another head of the Pro‘estant church, another sove reign of the Reformation, “the Virgin Queen” of Eag- land, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Vill. and Anne Bo. leyn, are too well known to require detail. Her cold blooded murder of Mary Queen of Scots is not disputed by apy historian. So that in point of morality the fouad- ers of the Protestant Reformation and the heads of the Protestant churches have nothing to boast over the heads of the Catholic church in the Middle Ages. It was not till the eleventh centary that a reformation among the latter was effected, and Hildebrand (Gregory ‘VII ) succeeded after a struggie of many years in fixing in the College of Cardinals the freedom and indepeadence of the election of the Popes, and forever abolished the right or usurpation of the Emperors and the Roman people. Oa the death of a Pope his pontifical seal is immediately broken by the Chamberlain, acd all public business is io terrupted that can be delayed; messengers are despatched to all the Catholic sovereigns to acquaint them of the event, that they may take what measures they think pro- per, and that the cardinals in their domintons, if any, may basten to the election of a new Pope. The Cardinal Cham. berlain bas, during the vacancy of the Holy See, great au- thority; be coins money with bis own arms on t, lodges in the Pope’s apartments, and is attended by the boiy guard. He and the first cardinal, the first cardinal priest, and the first cardinal deacon, have during that time the government almost entirely in their hands. The body of the deceased Pope is carried to St. Peter's, where funeral service is performed with great pomp for nine daye. In the meantime all neces- sary preparations are mede for the election, and the place where the cardinals assemble for that purpose is called the Conclave, and is fi:ted up in that part of the Vatican Palace which is nearest to St. Peter’s Church. Here are formed, by partitions of wood, a number of cells or chambers, equal to the number of cardinals, with « small distance between each two, and a broad gallery be. fore them. A number is put on every cell, and small papers with corresponding numbers are put into a box ; every cardinal draws one of these pipers, which deter- mines in what cell he is to lodge. The cells are lined with cloth, and there is @ part of each one separated for the cardinals or their attendants, of whom two are al- Jowed to each, and three to a Cardinal Prince. The at- ‘endants are persons of some rank, and generally of great confidence; but they must carry in the meals of the cardinals, serve them at table, and perform all the offices of a menial servant. Two physicians, two surgeons, an apothecary, and some other necessary officers are chosen for the Conclave. On the tenth day after the Pope’s death the cardioals, who are then at Rome, and in a competent state o health, meet in the chapel of St. Peter’s, which is called the Gregorian chapel, where a sermon on the choice of a Pope is preached to them, and mass is said for invoking the grace of the Holy Ghost. Then the cardinals proceed to the conclave im procession, two by two, aad take up their abode. When all is properly settied the conclave is shut up, baving boxed wheels, or places of communica- tion in convenient quarters. Strong guards are placed al! around. When any foreign cardiral arrives after the ¢n- closure, the conclave is opened for his admission. Io the beginning every cardinal sigos @ paper containing an obli- gation that if he shail be elected he wiil not alienate any part of the Portitical dominions, and that he will not be too liberal to his relations. ‘Two thirds of the cardinals present must rote for the same often eamiy sccomplished, the car- dinals sometimes remain whole months in the conciaver for they never leave It til! the election is compicted. They meet im tne chapel twice every day for the purpose of giv- ing their votes. The elvction may be effected in three ways—by scrutiny, by socsssion, or by acclamation, Scratiny is the ordinary Method, and is this: every cardi. pal writes bis own name on the inner part of a piece of Peper, and this is folded up and sealed. On the second fold of the same paper the name of ‘the person for whom he votes is written, not in his own handwriting, but by one of his attendants, On the outer side of the paper is written @ sentonce at random, which the voter takes care toremember. Every cardinal on entering into the chapel oes to the altar and puts bis paper into a arge chalice. When all are convened, two cardinais number the votes, and if there be more or leas than the number of cardinals Present, the voting must be repeated, When this is not the case, the cardinal appointed for the purpose reads the Outer sentence, and the name of the cardinal he votes for undey it; so that each voter hearing his own seatence, and the name of his candidate joined with it, knows that there is no mistake. The names of all the candidates ‘Voted for are taken down in writing, with the number of ‘Votes for each; and when it appears that any one has two- Sree ee eect present in hia favor the election is over; this does not happen, the voting papers a burned, without opening the inner ‘When several trials of coming to @ conclusion by this method of scruliny have been made in vain, recourse is had to what is called accession, By this, when's cardinal Perceives that when one or very few votes are wanting to any candidate for whom he bas not voted at that time, he ‘must say that be ‘“‘accedes” to him who has the nearcet number of votes requisite; and if his vote makes up the “‘qoceders”’ the clectity is accomplished. Lastly, 8 Pope ia segagiimes elected by acclamation, and that ia when ® cardinal calculates with good probability that he will be joined by a number sufficient, he cries out im the open chapel that such a person sball be Pope. If he is properly supported the election becomes unanimous; those who would, perhaps, oppose it, foresesing that their Opposition would be fruitless and rather hartfui to them. selves. ‘When the election is over it is ‘mmediately announced from the balcony inthe front of St. Peter’s; homage is paid to the new Pontiff, and couriers are ent off with the news to all parts of Christendom. The Pope appoints a day for b's coronation at St. Peter's aud for his taking possession of the patriarchal church of St. John Lateran, ail which is performed with great solemnity. He is crowned with the triple crown, which is attached to a mitre, His residence is at Kome, where he has two aplen. id palaces—the Vatican and the Quirinal—and ho is obliged to wear a particular kind of dreer, to which be longs the ring of St. Peter. He is addressed by the title of “Holiness” and “Holy Father.” The Popes change their names on being elected—for instance, the present Pope’s mame was Ferreti before his clectioa. He called himself Pio Nono—Pius Ninth. This chaoge of pame is enid. by Platina, to have originated in 87, with Pope Sergius, whore name before his election was the rather disagreeable one of “Swine snout,” An- other authority refers it to Pope John XII. and the year 956, and represents it as an imitation of Saiat Peter and Paul, whose original names were Simon and Saul. It is very probable there will be soon an election of a new Pope, for though the reigning Pontiff 1s not very old, he is very feeble in body and mind, and his govern- ment is entirely managed by Cardinal Antonelli, who ap- nears to be the impersonation of tyranny. In the event of the death of Pius IX. another sort of man—one who un- derstands the spirit of the age an4 reengnizes the necessi- ty of reform and progress—will probably sway the coun- sela cf Romé, if the Emperor of the French, backed by the public opinion of Europe and the United States, does not compel the immediate removal of the Cardfnal and a yory different kind of policy even for the remnant of the pre- cept Pope’s lifetime. Brooklyn City News. ATLANTIO AVENUE IMPROVEMENTS. One night, some four months since, Atlantic street, Brooklyn, presented the aspect of a fie, with ita usual attendants, firing of cannon, bonfires and iliuminations. The object was to celebrate the termination of a war which, for years, with varying success, had been carried on by the property holders and residents of that street agafhst the Long Island Railroad Company. A bill had paesed the Legisiature providing for the closing of the tunnel, the restoring of that street to {ts former grade, the perpetaal baniahment of the locomotive wiv 18 scam wuaue, swvKe Nd TUMblu, exuuuer—ine terror of way- farers, of cartmen, carriages and traffickers. The Su preme Court has already appointed the Commissioners, “and by next spring it is supposed Atlantic street will again breathe free and independent, having sent into perpe- tual banishment, even to Hunter's Point, those to then most terrible of all oppressors and despots, the steam ocomotive and manure trains. But this is not the only improvement in progress or contemplated. Under an- other act of the Legislature Commissionersfare now active Jy engaged in preparing the maps and assessments, which they are nearly ready to submit to the Supreme Court for cenfirmation, relating to the extension of Atlantic street from ifs prevent terminus, by cutting through ina straight lise until % meets Schuyler sirest. This exten- latter street, is to be to one bundred and fifty feet, to the Eastern boundary line of the city. This will make an avenue one of the finest any city can bonet of, extending from the South ferry to New York, at ieast five miles. The rames of Atlantic and Schuyler streets are to be dropped, and Atlantic avenue substituted. Beyond the boundary line of the city the property holders are ar- ranging (o continue and grade the avenge to Jamaica, ‘twelve miles from the South ferry. oe Whiteball street, on the New York side, witich, in fect, covtinues Broadway to the South ferry, and by thal means makes the new Atlantic aveaue the contiauation of Broadway on the other side of the river, has given astim- tains to the residents along the line. It {s asserted that multaneously wiih the construction cobble stone pavement will be taken up betweea tl Scuth ferry and Bedford, and the street reiaid with the Belgian pavement. This, with the new horse railroad p progress and beiog laid down, will make the new Atisntic avenue a noble thoroughfare. Crime ix Bxooxiyy.—The report of the Deputy Saper iuterdent of Poliee for the quarter ending July 31, pre rents the fcliowing facts and figures :—The force in Brook- lyn consists of 6 captains, 29 sergeants, 29 detailed men, 169 patrolmen and 15 doormen. foal, 243. The whole pumber cf arrests were 4,000, being an in- crease cf 398 over the number embraced in the previous report. Of these 2,645 can read and write, 1,356 coald neithes, 2,049 were married, and 1.951 were not. There were 27 cases of violation of city orainances reported to tbe Corporation Aitorney. The causes of arrest were as follows —Arson, 14; aseault with intent to «ili, 22; assent and baitery, 675: astaulting policemen, 11; abandonment, 18; aiding and abetting to escape, 5; attempt at rape, 3 attempt to eteal, 13; burglary, 10; bigamy, 1; bastardy, 1: copetructive larcesy, 5; ditorderly conduct, 2'2: embez- zlement, 6; escaped convicts, 2; forgery, 1; feiony, 1; fravd, 1; igoticg in the streets, 110; grand larceny, 42; gambling, 13; incauity, 93; intoxication, 1,071; into: on aod disorderly conduct, 628; indecent exposur ‘reuiting females, 2; keeping disorderly house, 10; mis- cellaneous misdemeanors, 57; obtaining goods by false pretences, 4; petit {arcepy, 263; passing counterfeit money, 14; perjury, 2; rape, 1; robbery in first degree, 5; receivibg stolen goods, 12; selling lottery policies,’ 1! threatening life, 28; violation of corporation ordiasnces, 242; vegrancy,, 218, violation of Qasrantine laws, 4; viola tion’ of Sunday liquor Jaws, 14: habitual drunkenaess, 25; infanticide, 1; recklesaness with fre arms, 2; seduction, @. susp'rion ¢f murder, 1; suspicious persons, 10; trusts, 22: witoers, a Ne teoncn , rail- ‘are, 6; suspicion of stealiog, 23; suspicion of per. fons Tota!, 4,000; of which 2.v4l were mvee and 1,059 fema'es. The nativity of the persons arrested is as follows :—United States (white), 858; colored, 43; I 2.467; Epgland, 194; Germany, 344; 4, 19; Italy, 6; Canada, 6; Wales, 2; Cabs, 1; India, 3; Prus: sia, 4; Spain, 2; Sweden, 1; Belgium, 3; Hangary, Poland, Norway and Rassia, 1 each. ‘tre Navtonat Dewecaanc Coxvawnox—Heatrarcuress or Cuarzzston.—The Columbia Guardian, noticing some speculations as to the salubrity of Charleston, eays:— Some of the Northern journals are making a fuse abou! the unbealtbfulncss of Charleston at the season appointed for the meeting of the Democratic Convention. Every one in Soath Carolina, and many in adj States, know that Charleston # as healthy in May and June as any At lantic city in the Union. of Wood, Eddy & Co.'s Lotteries. eerie Fares Otiss No. 7. Acaoer 15, 599, 70, 90, 53, 29, 8; 10, OB. B, 8, 18.°17: 25. Olass No. 488 Avocsr 13, 1880 76, Th 35, 66, 5, 52, 16, 4h, 02, 22, 20, 5, 70. a . Crass No. GUST I. 72,43, 1821, 41, 13, 12,50, 6, 25, 16, 02. 58,48, 59. : Dass NO. XTRA, AUGUST % 30 eee, Tarr), Gi. 20,86, 63,3, 5, SL. : WOOD, BDDY & CO, Wilmington, Del. Brady's Gallery has Remeved trom 359 ‘The Drawings of the Sussex County Consolidstod Lowery of Delaware. — FRANOB, BROADBENTS & 00., ‘Man acuns, | the of the State of Delaware, at tts last session, rept Feara France, bevetbonte Oo. & lottery contrat for by VerDOr Of anid Ptals, (' superintent the drawing of eid , do Sussex Courrr—C1iss No. 129, Avovst 15, 1860. 20, 21, 8, 35, 78, 7, 65, 76, 4, 31, $3, 24, 36, Gnaxp Comsouparen Lorreny—Ciass U, Avaver 13, 1869. 31, 13, 57, 75, 42, 60, 51, 65, 52, 73, 69, 23. Pees: ir * peed Wilmington, Dei., this day, (81 urday) JOHN DALE, JOHN a Ewoorray Commiastonera. BAM NEB & OO., ‘Wilmington, Del, Sewing Machines. Hatr—Its and us embellishment, treated carefully by ‘0 Tweifth atreet, west side and rear The Eureka Shuttle Sewin PRIOE $0, WiLL Be MORTGAGAD f HAVING THE FeLL AMOUNT b: 409 Broadway, corner of Broome Machines, Fo THOSE NOL cr ot NT by applsiog at the office, Round Hill Water Cure, Northampton, Moen, H. HALATED MO, Proprietor The Boron Atise and kee tay0:—Thia much is true, Dr Helated bay ba! great suce ceas io bis practice, and bis tustitution ts w dely resorted to, Lawyers, Merchants, and others, should seowe & careful phrenologics! examination to learn their iilents defecin, and bow to make the most of themselves. samini 'y, with end full written desori, atPUWLSK & WELLS, 33 Broadway. ee Does Your Root Leak? oD go stones to JOANE & SBY and ‘hs u 8 coat of thetr celebrated GUT PRERONS onus 'e more LK akS after that, The expense is but trifilng, the re- Hy benies Hpecimens and the best of reference can be seen at thelr efices 50 RKOALWAY, OPPOSITE 8ST. NICHOLAS TEL, and 449 FULTOA STREST, BROOKLYA. as Grover & Baker's Ne jotselees FaMILY SEWING MACHINES. For our own family use we became fully sallstied tha! Gro ver and Baker's is the best, and accordingly purchased it.— 4. ¥. Tribune, Otice ry at 501 Broadway, Fulion street, Brooklyn, Defiance Salamander Sates—With Patent powder proof locks and cross proof parlor safes. a Bo. 3 ROBERT M. PATRICK. ly Phrenology Dail, Yialents defecta and va Fowler & Wells Aj at 208 Breadway, indicating occupation Married. Faasxus—Bnzma.—At Hoboken, N. J., on Wednes- day, August 10, by the Rev. M. Kremor, at the residence of the bride's parents, Mr. Sou Fraxcus, of Little Bock, to Miss 1s Hivanmim, of that city, aoe se bo —On Tuesday’ Angee Or ‘at the resi- dence of the brice’s father, at Annapolis, Md, by the Rey. Edward Y. Buchanan, J. Bucuaxay Hexnr, of New York, to Many HL, danghter’of Col. Joneph H. Nicholson. Warranrap—Noyea —At Litchfield, Cona., on Thursday, August 11, by the Rey. Charles Whitebead. Cusnies Warmumap to Racmm Tracy, daughter of Wiliam Curtis Noyes, a.l of New York. Died. ~AxrHomrg.—At Carthagena, New Grenada, on Sunday, July 94, Marts Dania ANTHOINE yeti —0a Friday, ‘August 12, W. H. Barws, aged 02 relatives and iciends of the family are invites w at- (end te rumeret, on Monday afernoun, at two o'clock, from his Inte residence, No. 16 Allen street. Bowpacker.—On Saturday, August 13, Gzorcs Bowack- ER, aged 48 years, 3 months and 16 days. friends of the family, those George Sneden, and the members pony No. 42, are respectfully invited to attend the funeral, this (Sunday) afternoon, at one o’cloek, from his late re- mideuce, Lar Hebe Thirty ninth street. a Cee. — turday, Aughst 13, Lewis Bevan, aged 26 years knd 6 months. ‘ hid The relatives and friends of the family, and the mem- bers of Bedford street Methodist Episcopal church, are re- ‘ally invited to attend the funeral, from the resi- lence of his brother, Richard Brush, No. 27 West Forty- fourth street, on Monday afternoon, at one o'clock. Duax.—In this city, on Friday, August 12, Ezra W. Dmax, tor of William W. and Eliza Dean, aged ‘27 years. The relatives and friends of the family are invited to attend the oy from St. Thomos’ church, corner of Broad: and Houston street, this (Sunday) aflernoon, at pin Ang ” ¢ 7) John Gillespie, aged 46 years. The reiatives and friends, and those of Michael McGow- ap, are respecifully invited to attend the funeral, this (Sunday) afternoon, at two o'clock, from his late resi- pce, No. 129 Weet [hirty-first sireet. Haxt.—On Saturday morning, August 13, Mra. Rowe Haat, aged 58 years. The friends of ‘he family, and thoee of her son in law, George Godfrey, are recpectfully invited to atiend the fanera!, at ihree o’clock thia (Sunday) afternoon, from No. 8 Warren place, Charlee street, without further hotice. Hixwxn.—On Saturday morning, August 13, at his coun- try seat, Manbaesett, L. I, ‘Boca, Notice of the tuneral will be given. Bexar —On Saturday, August 13, Micaaxt Havry, Esq, in the 7eth year of his age. The relatives and friends of the family are respootfn!ly invited to attend the funeral, from his late residence, No. 16 Warren piace, Charles street, on Monday afternoon, st tbree o'clock, without further invitation. Biocms.—In Brooklyn, on Saturday, August 13, Jezza Benserr, eecond daughter of John gins, aged 23 years and 9 days. The relatives and friends of the family are respecifulig invited to attend the funeral, {rem the residence of her parents, No. 93 Butier sireet, thie (Sunday) afternoon, at five o'clock. Tne remaing will be taken to Mount Pleasant éemetery, Newark, N J., for interment. Binca?.—On Saturday,’ Augast 13, Mra. Atics Hiscay, ears, The friends and acquaintances of the family arc reapect- folly invited to atterd the faneral, from the residence of ber husband, Thomat Hinchy, No. 212 East Fourteenth street, this (Sunday) afternoon, at balf past tao o'clock. Lawxence —In Brooklyn, on Satarday, Jaly 13, WuuaM P, LAWKENCE, aged 42 5 ears. . Notice of the funeral will be given hereafter. Maxwait.—At Abington, Mass., on Tuesday, July 26, f booping cough and dyscatery,’ Ettaw Caooxy, aged 3 years aod 3 months, daogbter of Charies Wesley and Jane Maxweil, of Abington, formerly of Lancashire, Eogiand. MoGowas —On Friday, August 12, Mrs. Catnsnixe Mc wife of Michacl McGowan, a native of Esky, coun- , Ireland, aged 33 years. The friepés of the fam‘ly are respectfally req ieetet to attend the faneral, from her late residence, No. 247 First avenue, this (Sunday) afternoon, at two o’c.ock. Meyyeers.—On Friday, August 12, after a short but se vere ilimes*, Mervant J, Mevwenra, aged 55 years, 4 months and 14 days. ‘The friends of the fami.y are respectfuily invited to at- end the funeral, from his iave residence, No. 153 Lacreas street, this (3anday) afternoon, at two o'clock. Neviw.—Un Friday morning, August 12, Tuomas Nevis, a native of the town of Galway, Ireiand, aged 46 years. ‘The relatives and friends of the family are respectfully invited to attend the funeral, from his late residence, No. 67 James street, ip Ringo ig afternoon, at two o'clock. Galway papers p copy. O’Burmy.—On Friday, avgust 19, Maxr Axxz O'Burex, only daughter of Michael aud Bridget O’Brien, of No. 161 First avenue. The fuseral will take piace from the residence of her parents, at two o'clock this (Sanday) afternoon. Loughrea Journal plesse copy Prexpencaet —Oo Friday, August 12, Jaye Presnen- Gast, aged 83 years, widow of the late James Preuuer- ‘The friende and agquaintances of the family, also of her son, John Preadergast, and of her son-in-aw, Paillipe Weeks, are respectfully invited to aitend the funersi, this (Sunday) afternoon, at two o'clock, from the resi- dence of ber daughter, Mary Kent, No. 110 Firat aveau and Lydia A. Hig. Rarree.—On » August 12, Magy Rarrus, widow of James Rafter, years. The friends of the family, those of her sops, Patrick and Thomas, and of her eon in law, Edward Merton, are re- specttully invited to attend the funeral, this (Sunday) af- terhoon, at two o'clock, from her late residence, No. 29 oo —On , August 13, at the residence of her grandfather, Dr. James Mairs, No. 137 Eighth Street, STELLA A. RICHARDSON, aged 13 years and 4 months. ookan Os, ‘August 13, Loci Maniorrs avn ser strlen RoEMER, adopted or of we ate Aner Mariotte, —— ‘The relatives and friends of the family as respectfully Singer's Sewing Machines uvited to aitend the funeral, on Tuesday afteruoon, = Serge fog eamereraray two o'clock, without farther invitation, trom No. 25 La- ate for Eel erwtas yr een i v’ s—. Saturday, August 13, Panur Semupas, iepretewercmtemre eee || aap ant am teat tget tr, Seni Are Othe maniac for ¥ and 3 days. ae isi " are Lu Ga 1.00. 168 Broadway, See treats ond sehen k a! reopens ly Prince Imperial Champagne fatber, No, 120 East Sixteenth street, near First avenue, parERRAY, tog (Sonany) airaay, Acgost 1, Oxsrorres, Torres DB YENOGA & 00, RPERNAY, 7 ar ‘ is oid at the prin- Martin and Anna Tietyen, sged 10 months and 15 Ayr botewl ane by ail the Einiore oe ai Uroughoat the few York. a RAT uk oe ‘The relatives and friends of the family are respectfully aK FOR LEDIARDS MOBNING Cal. pi ia the ‘mcg: reliable stomach bitigre '- ae It is suppited w the armies * pweemat and rrouch and Brit'sh governments, and finigg and navies of thoeg countries. chills and fever, de. do tey ry Atk for bere le epot BT Souta Williata strect, Now York® ore T JONES, i = ‘stylet 10 AND 12 ANN STBERT. N -A NEW Booin5it wotmanerintarLst $2 leo Prowol caer CARD. A TRE EUREKA SHUTTLE SEWING HINES NOW BELLING FOR $600 Mae ABE THE SAM IDENTICAL BIZB. STYLE AND rin ronghout, os free, formerty sold under the mame of the at $40, by , wo first in’ D, J LEVY, General Supertatandem, ys rs Sewing Machines, Office 1+9 Brondway, corner of Broome N. B.—Call, see and examine. UROPLASTIO MASTICATORS, wi cb, Pinies, hat do ue iviate the irume orp te ease oes bores sels they now wear shoud ‘eond ‘The Fam! y L eatist ” which ecataina Irtiers of enpeorel frooe, mm Parker and Dr. Warres tore of Orleans, Berse of Few ae. Fubitebed and ‘edited by BF Bit Lenlal Borgeon, 640 (ons, BUNIONS, DISEASED NAILS, ENLARGR J” meni of the pmrnlof the great tne joint ured without psia, so ¢ y a ‘operttion D B. BRUNOR’S BI’ TFRs. ‘The best in the world. ‘Try them, and see for yourself, Come and got s gines, oratia, “At the depot, 616 Broadway. Tn large botiles, at 60 cents. SOLD EVERYWHERE, GOLD EVERYWHERR, B. J. BOVEE DODS, IMPERIAL WINE BITTars.— Dr DUDs opened a anit cf it rooms at 649 ame Sad where bi imperil wise titers tee Sens gue, weak fangs, weak snags and may be ‘The biters ‘are put ap. & ‘botiles with Wik dstelbee Sor oon Ene Bh zou ime : a dwscount to the trade. ‘The doctor can be consulted from 12 wo 6. AVE YOU JUST RETURNED FROM A SEA VOYAGR, USE McKSIGHT’S MALT? WIN undertake wae R GbE S mat ron PRE gic otters malt w; cl cys ~ can be had ty cases of one and twe THOMAS DAVIS, 99 North Moore street. aa. DY6?BPSIA, NERVO! DIak- thos, suramer comp)sints and kindred ere re- lieved and cured by Farquar’s y brat are jules of the grape it TONIC DIUSRIL) aLiBBativE AN ‘and health Eouien, sat 10 asior House, 963 Srnedway, 186 Bevery Bayes! Brookiyae ‘Depot, € Varick street.” go my e} P es cl & CO'S., 83 BROADWAY, SeWihG MACHINES ‘4 sornaliOc egret He i I 5 5 Hi I : i the por! creted into Brandreth’s pilis be used as the purgative the bowels and so expelled from years bave proved never to injure, and curing their hundreds of thousands, simply by bicod. Ye who have constant or much organ, make yourselves acquainted with this thoroughly effec \PH®RIC CHANGES. tive vegetaole preperaiicn Atos Letthone who wish to secure thetr’ health remember Brandreth pila wil act aa We asiety valve of the sysiem and aso. "by narutal amit they seice ‘Bole of ai Shad ioepeok- ties and cause their expulaton by the bo JaUNDICE CORED. 5 5, 4 Mr. Benjamin J. Stebbins, a le_and welt known farmrrof Pawlipa D: county. N. ¥.. writes, July 9, 1689, that be waa with sanintlon & A the CONSUMPTION CURED, Mr. W. Hi. Hammond, of Pleasantville, Westchester county, wae for whh a heck ng most to a skeleton, county, to try Srardreth’'s pl Is; cured In commend yer pilot ever; boa} EMITTAN Mount » searching my to action.’ Gov. Urbolm says they ever known, nees none cther in his withont the ny money. FRYE aND AGUB CURED. Hisight, QPECTACLES_OF GOLD, SILVER, SERLL AND and optical and eal instrumenta of every desorig- son, mereonsng 8 and oT SROFH ERA 19 Joun wreak, views, BECKEL BAGS, 40., WHOLESALE AND Sa er of Broadway. a Oi 2 ii ‘CONS’ WHICH ATTENDS THE USE OF DB. J. Tiuosrar teas sienraicd slomach bitors evinoes et aa 1 This te rennet do ove than call atlention 10 the Eiaereamece told by ail druggists” Pristiyal depot ib and piace. _ RICHMOND COURTY areasza, ‘on MONDAY, A 1 On the waters of New York or tet ¢f Nantilos Hall, fia: lanciog, Btaten Ie/and. Firm race to come off at | o'clock, P. M. ‘. be entered at ‘T.C. Burns’, Naatiins eis Li o'clock A. M. Boste leave every half hour meres, ftaen Inland forry—Pare 6 (PSE PIRATES OF THE OULY. NEW S£4 STORY. oun PIRA OF THE GULF, A tale of naval beruma ad wid adventure in tbe (roptcs,