The New York Herald Newspaper, August 14, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. Stam’ GORDON BENART®, . UIOR AND PROPRIETOR, being only 18. As usual at this season of the year, diseases of the stomach, bowels and other diges- tive organs, maintain their ascendancy, the num" ber of deaths being 290. Nextin order come dis- eases of the brain and nerves, numbering 132. In addition there were 110 deaths by disease of the lungs and throat, 34 of skin and eruptive diseases, 29 stillborn and premature births, 39 of general fevers, 6 of old age, 11 of diseases of the generative and urinary organs, and 1 of the bones, joints, kc. ‘Twenty-one death arose from violent causes. The nativity tape snows that 507 were natives of the Ywitod States, °° reland,18 of Germany, 7 of England, 3 of scotland, 1 each of British and South America, Sweden and Switzerland, and 2 unknown. ‘The sales of cotton yesterday embraced about 1,200 bales, the market closing without animation at abou 12 cents for middling uplands. The bigher grades con- tinued to be held with firmness. Flour was again heavy and lower, especially for inferior and common grades, Southern brands w®"e unsettled and prices irregular, with & fair ameun. sales. The wheat market was without change of importance; inferior grades were dull and easier. New prime red and white were in good demand at ateady prices. Corn was heavy and lower; round yellow soldat 790, and Weetern mixed at 753¢c. a 760. Pork wasin fair de- Mand, with sales of mess at $18 873¢ a $14, and prime at 908734. $10. Beef was heavy, while lard continued to be firmly beld. The salea of sugars comprised about 1,100 8 1,200 hhds, and 600 boxes at steady prices. Cof- feo was less active, while prices were unchanged. Freights ‘were without alteration of moment. Among the engage- ments were 1,600 bales of cotton to Liverpool at 7-324. ; 200 do. to Glasgow at 4¢4., and 800 bbis. four at 2s. SAMOS ¥. W. 0 HZ PF FULTON AMD Ma “OAU OT "NO NOTICE taken QROMYMOUS COTTEEPORAENCS. ‘JOB PRINTING executed with neatnees, cheapness nd de- patch. Volume XXIV AMUSEMENMS THIS EVENING. PALACE GARDEN AND HALL, Fourteenth strest— Bacagp Concent. AMUSEMENTS TO MORROW EVENING. NIBLO'S GABDEN, Broadway.—Rvo.grioxs OM THB ‘hour Kora—Puncuineire-Govensai. BOWEBY THEATRE, Bowery—Wan Eacia—Rosmet Macaims—Praw’s Prax. — \OK'S THEATRES, roa¢way.—Mr Two Fatunes— ZHATIONAL THEATRN, Chatham strect—Marurri— | Party Regencies—Terrible Work Among the wr Lixp. Demceratic Crockery. “We are in the midst of a revolution,” a great and glorious revolution, in our political affairs. It is a revolution which has been going on for come time; and we are drawn to the consideration of its achievements by the results of these late Southern elections. It is a revolution against these selfconstituted and unscrupulous party despotisms, under the various names of conveu- tions, caucuses, committees, juntas, regencies and regular nominations. It is a revolution which is breaking off these shackles of party despotiem, and restoring to the individual his ‘ightfal inberitance of personal liberty, and to the people the genuine article of “popular so- vereignty.”” The revolutionary record of the last four months in this direction is very encouraging. Beginning with the spring elections in Virginia, where obedience to the masters and the “usages of the party” has, from time out of mind, been the law of the democracy, what do we see? Four xegular democratic candidates for Congress de feated by independent democratic candidates and votes; and one out-and-out opposition member elected from a strong democratic district. These resulta in Virginia are very remarkable, cou- sidering that there they adhere to the viva voce system of voting, under which every maa can be “spotted” at the polls by the superintendiag party engineers. We next find that in Kentucky, which the de- mocracy have carried by heavy majorities for their State ticket and legislative candidates, the opposition have gained two, and probably three, of the Congresemen, in the face of heavy out- standing democratic majorities and regular de- mocratic nominations. In Tennessee, under a somewhat gimilar division of the results, the op- position have elected seven of a Congressional delegation of ten members—a gain of four. In North Carolina the general result is four.to fuur— an opposition gain of two. Ail these resulta are mainly due to the spirit of revolution among the rank and file of the democracy against the des- potiem, here and there, of the party regency. and against those ‘‘ancient usages” requiriag the servile sibmission of the party to the edicts of a knot of juggling politicians. Y But the most significant and potential rovoli and victory of this-sort is that of General Hous- ton against the democratic fire-eating regency of Texas. They bad adopted their State ticketend platform, including an awful winking and blink ing at the African slave trade; and, looking to the overwhelming ascendancy of their party, they defied and laughed at the idea of any seri- ous opposition. The impotent opposition party (K.N.) had been disbanded and dismissed, and what had the regency to fear? Letéhe election of Gen. Houston as Governor by the combined opposition and independent democratic elements of Texas answer the question, The reault is truly astonishing; for notvithstanding the per- sonal popularity of Houston, party-discipline in Texas was supposed to be equal to all demands. But the central regency, in winking in their State Convention at the African slave trade, and in requiring the party to endorse it, placed that last parcel upon the good camel's back which breaks him down. The result is a complete re- volation in Texas, involving a complete prostra- tion of their late regency despotiam. This popular triumph over a party cabal is all the better from the fact that Gen. Houston manfully placed himself before the people as the defender of Mr. Buchanan’s administration. But we are not yet through with our schedule. Let us look next at Oregon. We dare say that, ex- cepting the concern at Albany, a more dictatorial, impudent and corrupt party regency could not be found in any quarter than that of the high-handed spoils and plunder regency of Ore- gon, whose candidate for Congress in the late election there was Lansing Stout. He was the regular democratic nominee; and the party in Oregon wes supposed to be invincible in its blind obedience to regularity. Bat, lo! and behold! Stout is defeated; and a republican Congressman is elected from the very last place where any outside politician had count- ed upon suck a thing. And why this election? Simply because the honest members of the demo- cratic party had become disgusted with their rotten regency. In California the State regency have succeed" ed in splitting the party, according to our New York style. In Pennsylvania, New Jersey and other States, the “ machine ” is all out of gear; and in New York we are once more at “ the be- ginning of the end.” How different this revo- lationary condition of things from that which existed in the palmy days of the Van Buren Bourbons, when the Kitchen Cabinet, a party or- gan or two, and the Albany Regency, settled the affairs of the United States as a conference of the Great Powers settle the affairs of Europe? The independent newspaper Preas has been at work, and an intelligent people have awarded it the balance of power in our Political concerns, conventions, caucuses, and despotic Party regen- cies have had their day of absolutism. The people are kicking them out and breaking them upon every side; and not only the democratic managers, but the republican engineers, must mind what they are about henceforward, or they will be swept from their places in 1860, just as the old pre-existing parties were swept away in the independent popular election of 1824. Tae WiseDosyeuuy Lerren AMovo Orr Dewocnarté Ongaxs—We publish today, for What they are worth, an eiitoria! each from the Richmond Bryuiver and Washington Chustitution, : BARNUMS AMERICAN MUSEUM. Broadway.—aAfter- moon—Rogsn Cnsina~aivar apriaans, Svening—Ux- Fuans or SwitzkeLaND—Bivat Autizans. WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING, 561 and 563 Broadway— Ermortax 80x68, Dances, 4c.—Dawon anv Prruias. BRYANT’S MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Brosdway— URLESQUES, SONGS, LaNcrs, £0.—SaWDUST ACHOSATS. PALACE GAKDEN AND HALL, Fourteenth street, ct The steamship Vanderbilt arrived at this port last evening from Southampton, which port she left at one o'clock on the morning of the 4th inst. The City of Manchester, from Liverpool July 27 and Queens- town 29th, qlso arrived last evening. The North American, from Liverpool on the 3d inst, for Que- bec, passed Farther Point at an early hour yester @ay morning. The news by all these steamers has been anticipated by the City of Baltimore being intercepted off Cape Race by the news yacht of the Associated Press. A telegraphic summary of her mews was given yesterday morning. By the arrival of the Vanderbilt, however, at this port, we are enabled to spread before the public this morning additional details of the social and political condi- tion of affairs in Europe. The treaty of Villafranca still occupies a large Bhare of the attention of the press and govern- ments of Europe. The Cabinets of Russia and Prussia deny that the bases for mediation between the belligerents, ascribed to the neutral Powers- bad been agreed upon by them prior to the signing of the treaty, and that the project had not even been discussed. The preliminaries of peace had been already signed before the principle of media- tion had been definitively agreed upon by the Deutral Powers. The new Sardinian Minister of the Interior at Turin has issued an important circular to the authorities of the kifigdom, in which he urges them to use every endeavor to infuse into the people a conscionsness of the security of life and property under the new government. The Italian duchies are still in an unsettled state. Envoys from the provisional governments had pre- sented a detailed catalogue of their grievances to Napoleon, and protested against the return of the dethroned princes. The Emperor adyised them to recall their former rulers, who, he said, were ready to carry out all such beneficial reforms as were Gemanded by the civilization of the age. He, how- ever, assured them against armed intervention. The Swiss Federal Assembly has adopted a law against the enrolment of Swiss in foreign military service, under s penalty of imprisonment and loss ‘Tf civil rights for a period Varying from one to five years. It also visits with severe punishment such &s may engage in recruiting for a foreign service. Several disasters of a serious nature dre reported as having lately befallen American vessels abroad. ‘The ship Glance took fire on the 28th ult, and was burned to the water's edge, near Bremerhaven. The ship Abby Blanchard took fire at Bordeaux on the 20th ult., but the amount of damage is not stated. The ship Vancouver was totally wrecked near Shanghae, which the crew reached in safety. The *Robert,” supposed to be the R. M. Sloman, having Sprung a leak, was run ashore near Jutland. The bark Alexander Wise was stranded near Gibraltar, and the Saxonville was compelled to put into Mau- ritius leaky, with the loss of part of her cargo. The Richmond Grays, of Richmond, Va., on a visit to this city, arrived here early last evening They were received by two companies of the Se- venth regiment, which escorted them to the Bran" dreth House, where they will redMlin during their visit. It was understood that the Grays would be Bccompanied by the Mayor and a delegation of the Common Council of Richmond, bat these gentle- men did not come with them. In view of their visit, the city authorities had made an appropria- tion of $2,500, to entertain them while here. and their arrival was anxiously looked for by the com- mittee appointed to receive them. The Mayor, however, it is stated, will arrive on Monday. Fall details of the reception of the Grays at Jersey City, their escort to their lodgings at the Brandreth House, and the programme of proceedings during their stay, will be found elsewhere, ‘The annexed table shows the temperature of the atmosphere in this city during the past week, the fange of the barometer and thermometer, the wariation of wind currents and the state of the ‘westher at three periods during each day, viz: at 9 A. M., and 3 and 9 o'clock P. Mf. 94M. The weekly report of the City Inspector snows that the deaths for the week ending on Saturday numbered 661, which is an increase of 36 over the mortality of the week previous. Of the deaths last week 88 were of men, 96 women, 256 boys and As compared with the August there is a decrease in the saber Oy aba last week of 34. Of the whole Bumber of deaths reported by the Inspector, 466 were of ten years and under. The mortality seems to have been greatest among children of two years of age and under, 380 deaths, or more than one-half of the entire bill of mortality, having occurred among them. Cholera infantum still prevails extensively among children, but is not quite so virulent as in the previous week, the figures showing a slight decrease in its ravages. Fevers are not so prevalent as they Sommonly fre in August, the pumber of deaths tage NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, AUGUST 14, 1859. on the Wise-Donnelly letter, pro and con. The Enquirer's article embraces some very interest- ing political reminiscences; and ‘the Brigadier General Bowman’s commentary is of the moat selves, Three-fourths of the disorders of the stomach and other organs, which lead to prema- ture graves, proceed from gluttony or {m- proper food. Is that an argument against the temperate use of wholesome food? And shall we sbolish eating as well as drinking’ Such are the abeurd conclusions to which the doctrines of the fanatics logically lead; and those who follow them will find themselves be- wildered and lost like a traveller by night, who, diverging from the firm beaten path, turns aside after an ignis fatuus or “Will o’ the wisp,” in some morass or bog, which will be sure tolure him to trouble and difficulty, if not to destruc- tion. Sunday Laws Contrary to All Authority, Human and Divine. To-day the pious Pillsbury, Pope of the police, is to carry out his bull against the lager beer ealoons and other places of refreshment and re- sort. The law under which he acts is unconsti- tational, and therefore null and void. It is con- trary to the constitution of the United States, to the constitution of the State of New York, ani to the old common law of England, from which we have derived our municipal laws. In another column will be found a decision of Lord Mansfield on the subject. In this country, aleo, there have been decisions showing that the strict observance of Sunday is not binding, either by guman or Divine law. (See Campbell vs. the In- ternational Insurance Company.) By reference to this case and other authorities, it is proved that the British Parliament has met on Sunday, and that it is not illegal to hold a court on Sun- day. It was not tilf about the year 1595 that Sun- day was placed by the Paritans of England on the same footipg as the Jewish Sabbath, iater- dicting not only the slightest action of worldly business, but every sort of pastime and recrea- iion—“‘a system,” says Hallam, “which, once pro- mulgated, soon gained ground, as suiting their atrabilarious humor.” The ancestors of the Puri- tans of New England having emigrated from the old country when this spirit prevailed, their descendants here have propagated it ever since; whereas the descendants of the Puritans of Great Britain have gradual- ly conformed to the epirit of the age and the dictates of reason and common sense. The only countries in the world where Sunday is called “the Sabbath” are New Eagland and portions of Old England—thus showing that it is altogether a local and a4 sectarian institution, which originated, name and all, with the Puri- tans; and it would be just as rational to imitate their witch-burning and their flerce persecution of their fellow Christians, both Protestants and Catholics, as to adopt in this age their idea of Sunday, which is formed wholly from the Jews, and not from the New Testament, In another column will be found an interesting and valuable communication, giving an account of the opinions of the reformers on the subject. The early Christian writers—called Fathers, who conversed with the Apostles or lived shortly after their time—were of the same opinion. Neander, a most learned and faithful inquirer into ecclesiastical history, observes:—“The cele- bration of Sunday was always like that of every festival—a human institution.” The ableat com- mentators on the Bible have expressed the eame views. The churches of all Christendom, Pro- testant and Catholic, are opposed to the Puri- tanical idea of the Sabbath sought to be en- forced by Puritan Pope Pillsbury. Reason, the laws of nature and common sense, are against the despotism, and it -might as Well be attempted to fix by law one or two days in the week as fast days on which fleah meat could not be eaten as to coerce even in this free country to the observance of a Puritanical Sab- bath. Even in the time of that “occideata) star” of the Reformation, Queen Elizabeth, no person could eat meat on Wednesdays, Fridays or Sat- urdays, or during Lent, under a penalty of fifteen dollars or three months’ imprisonment. So the reader will find by consulting Chapter VIL of | Hallam’s Constitutional History. James I.,to whom Protestants speaking the approved broad-brim and long-faced pattern. Perhaps within a day or two we ball vary the treatment of the case with another roasting of the Chevalier Cassidy. The Labor Movement in the Worid—A Word to Exeter Hall and the Yankee Methodist Preachers. The whole civilized world is agitated with the labor question. In the South the reopening of the slave trade is a prominent subject of discus- sion, The British colonies are more with the coolie question. The French West Indies are demanding thousands of free negro emigrants from Africa. Cuba is pushing both the coolie and the slave trade with remarkable activity, and fitting out slavers for China and Africa in half the ports between Philadelphia and Passama- quoddy. This activity on the part of thegreat marta of agricultural industry has stirred up the humani- tarians, and is urging them to attempt a reopening of the discussion of their experience-condemned theories. Lord Brougham heads a big committee to wait upon the Duke of Newcastle and pro- test against giving any coolies to Demerara and Jamaica. George Thompson trots out an African youth at Exeter Hall to show up the French trade in free negroes. A great meeting was held recently at London Tavern on the eubject of Hindoo, Chinese and African emigration. Two hundred and tbirty- eight Wesleyan ministers in the Northern States have addressed an appeal to their British “be- loved brethren in Christ,” declaring that they ‘have thousands of slaveholders yet in the church —trustees, stewards, leaders and local preachers; and even travelling preachers have become slave- holders in several instances, and are such still, with but little disapprobation, as a general thing, on the part of the conferences to which they be long.” The burthen of these clamors is the same everywhere. The world demands more cotton, sugar and coffee of the planters; the planters in- sist that they cannot produce a. greater supply without more labor; and the Exeter Hall philo- sophers cry out that in procuring labor from the countries in question the great moral rights of man are violated. There is a deep seated cause for this great movement, which neither planters nor humanita- rians can oppose or remove. The great produc- tion of gold in California has disturbed, and is still disturbing, the value of labor in its various marts. In the thickly. populated regions of Eu- rope it has improved the condition of the laborer, has stopped emigration in part, and by giving him a full belly has set his brain to work and made of him a revolu- tionist at heart. In the Southern States and Cuba it has doubled the value of the slave. In the French and British colonies, by increasing the value of their productions, it has caused the absence of available labor to be severely felt. The densely crowded labor marta of Asia and Africa have not yet experienced the impulse that gold has given to the civilized world, through its quicker channels of communication, and thus the balance of the value of labor between the enlight- ened and the semi-barbarous and barbarous countries is destroyed. The movement that now sgitates the world is that of the value of labor seeking its level. Crowds of negroes, Hindoos and Chinese are hastening on board of swift ships from their homes where they can‘earn only the pittance of three cents a day, to the labor-thiret- ing fields of California, Australia, Cabs, Deme- rara, Martinique and the Southern States of our Union, where they can earn twenty, fifty and even a hundred times their home wages. Moralists and doctrinarians may argue on the tyranny of masters‘and the sufferings of slaves; but the din of the looms of Manchester and the cries of the whole world for more cotton and sugar, drown their clamor, and stop the ears of both employer and hungry laborer to their voices. Their labor is in vain. It is directed against a torrent that pervades the whole world, and which has yet but just begun | English language are indebted for the translation its course. Cotton has clothed men better, and | of the Bible, in universal | » use among the b- thus improved their health. Sugar has revolu- | tished a declaration to be read in omnes eo tionized the medicine and the food of man, and | mitting all lawful recreations on Sund: y after increased their enjoyment and comfort. Gold | divine service—euch as dancing, archery, Mey- continues to pour into the lap of industry, and games, morrice dances, and other usual sports to increase its profits and its wants. These are | The cynical Paritans, as might be expected, causes which will endure and increase in power | were dreadfully exasperated at this chan cary for generations to come. We therefore advise | in the reign of that weak monarch Charles I. the the philosophers of Exeter Hall, and the two | ‘ | Puritan Parliament extorted his signature to s bill increasing the severity of the Sabbath, but prevent the value of labor from seeking its natural level. cestors in the reign of Charles I. He will not allow New York citizens to enjoy lawfal refresh- ment and recreation in their own wards. Wespett Paiuurs ox Prery, Moray axp Law.—In another column we publish a remarkable letter from the notorious Wen- | The constitution of the United States dell Phillipe, addressed to the Chief Justice | “XPres*ly declares that no law shall of Massachusetts and the President of Har- | © made in reference to religion; and vard University. This philippic of Phillips | ™M0Y Years ago, when petitions were pro- is like all his wigs, sa speeches, aa | — nantes Svat aay England against like all the lucubrations of the fanatical xect | [¢Sundsy mails, any legislation on the subject to which he belongs. Their custom is to blas | “** Tecarded and pronounced by the ablest pheme the Bible, because it recognizes the insti | statesmen of the day as contrary to the princi- tution of domestic tlavery, and to exeerate, apit ples of constitutional freedom. The constitution upon and trample under foot the constitution of i wate York declares:—“ The free the United States—the one the great authority exercise and enjoyment of religious profession on true piety, and the other the fundamental law = bass Pabsrotgs discrimination or prefe- and the safeguard of public morality as well aslib- irae ge ee alps in this State to erty. If our memory does not deceive us, Phillips sistent with all laws ae “a cine, ee was one of a gathering who, afew years ago, cele- following his callin; PC ae ae brated the Fourth of July in that fashion at lige ceca a pe fetal ad Worcester, Mareachusetis, Phillips believes in the eelling of beer or broadcloth. His own reli- stealing the property of Southern men by mid- | gion (compels him to observe Saturday; but if night, and carrying it of by ran | any law compels him to observe Sunday, after road, and yet he pi 6 haa | the Paritanical fashion, he is deprived of one table men of high position in the State on “piety | and morals, and obedience to the law,” because | m they partook of a glass of wine at a hotel in Bos: } ney xdgeronheri shall be ino ¢ discrimi- ton in company with a few other gentlemen at a | z ho iy ole Pillsbury, there- convivial entertainment. No doubt if he had | fore, and the Folice Inquisttors, hed better be lived in the time of Jesus Christ he would | carefal how they violate the constitution of the have denounced Him in the same style for ra a joining in the celebration of a marriage fat Cava in Galilee, where, when the wine failed, Christ turned water into wine by a miracle, in order that the guests might have enough, And in point of fact the Great Teacher was denounced by the hypocrites of that day as “a wine bib- ber, a glutton, and a friend of publicans and sin- ners.” “Wine bibber” is the very epithet applied by Wendell Phillips. The distinctive charac- teristic of the opinions of Phillips and his scheol is to be always in the extreme—to pro- mulgate something ultra, something new—ai- other ism—no matter how outrageous it is, ‘This fanatic says the use of wine leads to in- toxication and premature death, and therefore Ought to be abolished. As well might the nse of Jaudanum and other medicines be abolished be- seme people swallow enongh to kill them. another remedy, the ballot box, which will sweep them out of official existence. ee Tse Water Pasic—aA very foolish alarm has been created by the peculiar and rather disagree- able flavor which has manifested itself in the Croton water within the last week or ten days, Many imagine that it will produce diarrhea or an epidemic of some sort. If the water meets with no adulteration but that which it receives from its natural sources, we can guarantee the alarmists from any such reeult. We will not, however, answer for the effects that the mixture with it of bad brandy, or of the other mysterious- ly compounded liquors in which people love to indulge may produce. The beet proof of the harmless character of the alteration which the oo undergone in the pipes fs, that the against them in our courts of law, and there is | commun'ty tave been using 't for the last fort- pight, and that no unusual «mount of diarrhoea or of apy other malady figures in the bills of mortality. The truth is, that these disturbances in the wa'er supply of large cities are by no means uncommon. In London it has frequently occurred with the New River and other compa- nies, and shortly after the Cochituate water was firat brought into Boston, the people of that city were terrified by a similar rush of foreign ele. mente into their supply. They imagined for the mement that some serious accident had occurred, and that the city was going to lose the benefit of ite heavy expenditure. All these disturbances are to be traced to temporary causes, and in no ingtance that we have heard of have they ever proved injurious to the public health. To set the minds of timid people at rest, however, the Commissioners have given the water to Dr. Chil- ton to analyze, and in a few days we shall have the result of his investigations before us. Scrveys on THE Pactric Coasr—Tae Re- cent Gotp Discoverres on THE Isruuvs.—In another column will be found an interesting com- munication from Mr. McLeod Murphy on the eurvey made by him of the harbor of Guatulco. This gentleman, it will be recollected, went oat in May last, under orders from the Louisiana Te- huantepec Company, and with the party under his command completed his observations of this harbor and of ether anchoring places on the Pa- cific coast of Mexico. His report of Guatulco is highly favorable. He states that the harbor is about a mile in length by nearly half a mile in width, surrounded by a chain of granite hills open only to the southeast, from which point, in the heavy gales that blow there, vessels at an- chor are protected by a cluster of exposed rocke. The harbor is entirely free from reefs and sunken rocks, and such is the uniformity of depth of wa- ter that vessels can ride anywhere without incur- ring danger. As harbor of refuge or for repair of vessels, Mr. Murphy pronounces Guatulco un- exceptionable in almost every respect, whilst as a coaling and water station it is superior either to Ventosa or Salina Cruz, and compares favorably with Acapulco in point of secure anchor. ege. The soundings made show that men-of-war of the largest class can “wood, water and pro- vison there at all seasons. Bituminous coal is to be found in large quantities in the vicinity of Minatitlan, which is twenty-four leagues from Guatulco; and the grade of country between the two points is favorable for the construction of a tailway or wagon road. From Guatulco to Te- huantepec the distance is only eighty-four miles, with equal facilities for improved communica- tion. In aildition to these facts, Mr. Murpby supplies us with some valuable information in regard to the anchoring places of the coast between Aca- pulco and the Gulf of Fonseca. He has re- served for another communication the memo- randa that he has made of the winds, currents and sailing directions of this part of the coast. There are other points on which, just now, the publication of the explorations made by this gentleman in Central Ams rica would prove of great utility. Mr. Murphy, as is well known, has devoted a great deal of time to archeological researches in that part of the continent. Ata period when the discovery of geld in the ancient Indian tombs of the Isthmus. has been seized upon by the shipping interest as a favorable opportunity for forcing an emigration theresit would be well if we conld have the benefit of the observations of scientific men like Mr. Murphy, who have thoroughly investigated the geological resources of thoge regions; for it is on these, and got on the chance antiquarian relica that have foand: confessedly zest the prospects of euch an emi- gration. Mr. Murphy has spent twelve years amongst the vestiges of ancient civilization with which the central and southern portions of our Continent abound, and, both asan antiquarian and as an experienced civil and mining engi- neer, there isno man better qualified to throw the fullest light upon the realities and probabili- ties upon which speculators are now endeavor- ing to base echemes of a delusive character. The limited space which 9 newspaper can afford to communications of a scientific nature renders it desirable that the public should have an oppor- tunity ofhearing more at length the results of the researches made by this gentleman. We would suggest to the Historical and Geographi. cal Societies the propriety of engaging him to deliver lectures upon the two subjects which are cognate to their pursuits; and then, if he can be prevailed on to do it, it would be renderding an important service to our community if he were to deliver an address of a more popular character, calculated to cool down the excitement that has been created by the reports that have reached us from the Isthmus. It would be the salvation of many if the exact measure of truth could be ap- plied to the exaggerated rumors thus industri- ously circulated; and we know no man who is thore competent to undertake this task than the writer of the communication to which we have invited the attention of our readers. Merrororrray Po.ice Inconsistency ox THE Scypay Law Question.—Since the organization of the Metropolitan Police there have been issued to the police captaing no less than nine distinct manifestoes from the General Superintendent's office with reference to the enforcement of the Sunday laws. We reprint the documents else- where, as an evidence of the manner in which the Commission has stultified itself with reference to this matter, Firet in order comes a proclamation, dated July 5, 1857, commanding the captains point blank “ to strictly enforce the law by causing to be closed for the Sabbath all places where iatox- icating liquors are sold.” A month later—a tacit admission that the first order had not been complied with—comes an injunction to “report the names of such well established offenders as have the open sale of liquors going on on San Sunday;” and two months later still the last or- der is renewed. Tt was not until exactly one year and a day after the first absolute order to enforce the obso lete Sunday laws that the Commissioners thought of distributing copies of those laws for the informatisn of citizens of this generation, who could not be expected to be familiar with them, and about three weeks after the order for this distribution it was thought proper to renew the order for reporting delinquents. But the most noteworthy of this batch of Dog berrian productions is the famous order of the General Superintendent, on May 22, 1858, noti- fying the police to stop the crying of newspapers on Sunday, and setting forth that all wares and merchandise exposed for sale on that day were Mable to confiscation, “ excepting fish and milk, in the morning.” The next order, of a month later, however, appears to recogaise the fact that the previous order bad began disreg=rded. but the * Superintendent contents himself with reiterating the arrangements for the assault on the poor newsboys. For fear, however, that the police might have a definite idea of what they were to do, another order was issued, six months after- wards, renewing the newaboy persecution, and in general terms “enjoining a more rigorous ob- servance of the laws in respect to the observance of the Sabbath.” And now, to cap the climax, comes the order of the pious Pillsbury, in precisely the eame terms as that of bis predecessor, over two years since, being nothing lees than a positive command te enforce these obsolete Puritanical blue laws. It is an edmiseion that no progress has been made in this assault on the rights of conscience, ex- cept the raid on the defenceless newsboys, and that over two years of Metropolitan Police bun- combe has not proven a tithe as terrific in ita re- sults as was expected. It is evident that the whole Sunday law movement is a political trick to get the white cravats to go the black republi- can Seward abolition ticket at the polls, It is high time that the dodge was exposed and a people's party organized on the basis of religious liberty. Tue Papat System or GovERNMENT.—I0 an- other page we publish an original article giving a full account of the organization of the Papal government, the mode of the Pope’s election, aad the College of Cardinals, divided into two fac- tions, but still maintaining a combined conserva- tive policy as regards their own order. This ec- clesiastical system of civil government isso dif- ferent from all others, that some know!edge of it ia necessary to aright understanding the great question of the reorganization of Italy, which now occupies the minds of the statesmen of Eu- rope, and involves the peace of the world. Oa this side of the Atlaatic the subject is also re- garded with profound interest, and whatever elu- cidates it is acceptable to our readers. The ques- tion is beset on all sides with difficulties, whose solution can only be accomplished by the great- est statesmansbip of this enligthened age—if, in- deed, it is not left to solve itself by revolution and the march of events, The obstacle that stands in the way of reform is the system by which the Cardinals elect a Pope atter their own hearts, and the Pope gives the red hat only to those in whose old fogyiam he has fall conf- dence. By this vicious circle the chances of im- provement are shut out, and the present Pope says he will suffer exile or death rather than change, In the mode of the election of the Popes there is one curious democratic feature, which resembles our own political system—the ballot and two-thirds vote. It is the last remnant of the Italian republics of the Middle Ages. May it be hoped that this emall leaven of liberty will yet azeimilate the whole system to itself? The Papal government is now the only one in Europe which stands still, and acts entirely on the principle of force, and as if human beings had no rights. The Czar of Russia has made giant strides in progrese; the Emperor of Aus- tria, inoculated with Napoleonic ideas at Solfe- rino and Villafranca, not only compreherids the necessity of reform himself, but has turned ad- viser to the Pope. Even the King of Naples, the government of all others in Earope with which the Pope’s governmertt has had most sympathy, has made some advance, and, according to a British Minister, is prepared to carry out still greater reforms. The Pope alone, in the face of all these facts, believes that the world ought to continue stationary. “Yet it moves;” and it will take the Pope along with it, whether he will or not. That distinguished nobleman ,and philosopher to whom we owe the teleecope made such disco- verles in the starry heavens that he confidently asserted the motion of the earth around the sun. For this he was thrown into prison by the Inqui- sition at Florence till he abjured his opinion. He afterwards published a book, in which he was more cautious, giving the arguments both for the Ptolemaic and the Copernican systems, but still showing such a leaning to the latter as indi- cated his opinion clearly enough. The cry of “heresy” was again raised, and again he was thrown into prison at Rome. Being brought to trial, he was ordered to take an oath no longer to teach or support this system. Wearied out with his imprisonment in a dungeon, he was in- duced ina moment of weakness, kneeling and with his hand upon the Gospel, to forswear the great truths he had taught. The mement he rose, indignant at his own failure of resolution, he stamped his foot upon the earth, exclaiming, “E pur si muove”’—“And yet it moves.” For this he was sentenced to remain in prison duriag the pleasure of the cardinal inquisitors, to repeat the penitential psalms once a week for three years, and his book was ordered to be burned. Pope Ur- ban VIIL mitigated his sentence by confining him, firet in the Palace of the Medici, at Rome, and afterwards for life to his country house, near Flo- rence. Yet there is no Pope, or cardinal, or monk, so ignorant now, or so wedded to the errors and prejudices of past generations, that he does not believe in the doctrine of the immortal Galileo, Thus the world moves, and the time will come when the Popes will acknowledge the self evident truths of political as well as astrono- mical ecience, for which so many have suffered martyrdom at their hands, —_—_______ Ove Rarroap System—Mcrper sy Waore- SALE.—Eleewhere we publish a number of com- munications on the subject of the late dreadfal railroad massacre. Our correspondents offer a variety of euggestions, both as to the causes of these disasters and as to the means of their pre. vention. One of them, who seems to have made our railroad system a study, and who, during a tour through the West a couple of years ago, had ample opportunities for observing its de- fects, justly observes that s0 long as favor and nepotism constitute the only credentials for rail- way employment, so long will ignorance and in- capacity prevail in its service. In all the other callings of life experience and energy are the chief qualities necessary. To obtain employ- ment or promotion on a Western railway, all that is necessary is a connectton with, or the pa- tronage of, one of the directors. OF course, whilst euch a etate of things continues, lavish waste, reckless expenditure, and the frequent re- currence of accidents, must be the conse- quences. On the Weetern roads, to such an extent are the carelessness and irresponsibility of employ és carried, that the conductors are in many instances becoming rich on the profits ab- stracted from the earnings of the lines. In the recommendations of another correspon- dent, who thinks that in a thorough and search- ing financial reform into the affairs of the differ- ent companies the most effective remedy for these disasters lies, there is also a good deal af force. Railway directors are not, we believe, as a gene- Tal thing, indifferent to the horror and odiam created by them; but they frequently find their hands ao tied up by the results of their own mis- mangement, or the mismanagement of gthers,