The New York Herald Newspaper, August 14, 1859, Page 2

2 ere, the reeponsibie and guiding member bringing upon here! the crushing weight ims y i tary power. To tbe eouth ene (ound berself upbraided by Austria for ceserlirg ine old coutederaoy of which Leipaie was the watcoword; and everywhere around her in Ger many ebe met a web of intrigue, woveh with the view of bringing ali Germany icto toe war. To cho east sho found borecif directly threatened by Russia lf ahe did goto war, ‘as well az, of course, ia open hostility with France. Theso difficulties were much greater than those which eurround cd Prussia, under Baugwitz and Luocbe-inl, in the cxa- paign of Austeriitz; and credit ia certainly due to tae Court of Berlin for the open avd manly way in which it addcesa ed itself to a solution of its diffloulties. ‘The Prussian government sympsyhized eeph as a German Power, but uot as | Italy. This distinction is, ia fact, the prepared itself to defend German preten: ° 2 directly or ‘azeailed; but {i distivguished bet veer thone claims and the indefensible arrogations of the Soart of Vienna beyond ita frovtiers. Afr avowiog the difference of policy between is ow government and the rest of Rernvany, M. de Schlel saye:— rs efforts tended before all'to avoid prematurely engaging the Confederation in the war; and wo bad & * more right to act thus that, afler the most conscientious examination of the federal conventions, wo bad not ” yet found any valid reason, any motive, that could justify a federal war.” Thrown therefore by a principle, the soundness of which cannot be disputed, into a position of present neutrality, Prussia frankly endeavored to come to an understanding with Austria on the whole question. She evidently aimed to put her. self in the armed mediatorial position occupied by Austria in 1813, She accordingly despatched General ‘Willissen to Vienna on a special m'ssion, ‘to obtain explanations from Austria on the objects ed in the war she bad commenced; and in cage of our coming to ap understanding with her, to determine together in what event and at what emt Prussia should intervene by anj attempt at mediation between tho belligerents; and at what moment, if this attempt failed, she should take a more active part.” We ct ‘however, let this despatch go wholly free of criticism, though in this paragraph Baron Scbieinitz Umtta the intervention of Prussia to the contingency of war on the federal territory, he elsewhere offers to main tain the Austrian possessions in Italy, “Oar Trancis Jo ppressor of all key to its po'iey. Tk 8, Waathor iP ernment,” be admits, “reposted in a categori cal manner the assuratce that the intention of Prussia was to work for the preserva tion of the Austrian pogsessions in Italy, and that it would ‘act accordingly the moment that those possessions wore seriourly menaced.’”’ Here is a marked inconsistency as well as @ great political mistake, Prussia has by this Course brought the Italian question to what bids fair to be a dead lock once more. She interrupted the settlement hich might otherwise bave taken place. But while we y this we must remember also that Prussis, quite as German as the rest of Germany, had long bung aloof from the importunities of the minor courts, and that in one part of tho war Austria had as strong @ grudge for her a8 France had at another. Itis to be observed, also, that while Prussia agreed to obtain, on bebalf of Austria, a dac'ara- ‘tion of neutrality from Russia, she refused to allow Aas- trian troops to take part in the federal Army of Ooserra- tion on the Rhine. The great blunder chargeable upon Prussia is that she endeavored to arrest the war whea the time was obviously not ripe for au adjustment of the Ttalian question. Had ahe reserved ber intervention for the time at which Italy bad been freed from Austrian domination, she would have come forward in equal Strength and with far greater discretion, But she was, ag wo have seen, encompassed by extraordivary di ties, and she acted with an honesty which it wou! ‘unjust to be oe This is fully acknowledged by Jobn Russell in bis newly publisted despatch of the 7th July; and we have only to wish that Prus could hare followed the same course of abstinence from interveation with that which bag distinguisnec Lord Joba Russeil. : bi Lord RUSSIA AND THE TREATY OF VILLA | FRAN Sr. Parersnurc, July 20, 1859. The Journal de St. Pet-rsburg cor tains the followin, The journa's reiyieg upon diplomatic documents haya preteuced that the bases of mediation were agrocd upon by the neutral Powers prior to the conclusion of the treaty at Villafranca, id that these bases, being espo- cially judged by Austria lees fayorsble than those pro- ed by France, bad determined the Emperor of Austria io accept the latter ones. We are authorized to stato that tho bares of mediation, of which the project lately published is compozed, had not been agreed upon by the neutral powers, no: even discuesed, The preliminaries of peace between the bel- Ugerents were already signed before the priacipie of me diation, which tormed tbe object of nego tations between the neutral Powers, was definitively agreed upon. IMPORTANT CIRCULAR OF THE NEW MIN. ISTER OF SARDINIA. ‘There is important news from Italy. Ratazzi, the new Minister of the Interior at Turia, has cent a circular to all the governors and head functionaries of tae provinces of the kingcom. It ig important, and iis tone is irm and moderate. It rung thos:— The nature of the circumstances which have brought about the annexation of Lombardy to the Subaipine King- dom bas led the illustrious men who oomnosed the councils Of the Crown to resign their offices. But this change will not lead to aby serious modification in the policy they have par- ‘sued with so much firmness and sagacity, The feelings which bind the King and tbe country to the glorious E: peror and the great nation over whose destinies he pre- sides, the necessity of securing psace, and honestly car- rying out its conditions ia the ‘uteress of our commoa country, the expediency of extending to the newly an. nexed territory the franchise enjoyed by our old provin- ces, must, far from disauading ws, prove an additional inducement to persevere in that policy, which for € space Of ten years baa secured ua all the blessings of liberty, combined with order. Thus the new Cabinac will continue to app y to their fullest. axtent the. great principles ima down by the ehmous autbor of the Statato asthe basis of our public law, to the progress of the people, and the consolidation of the destinies of Italy. Tcaly will find, in carrying out neceesary reforms, and in the practice of Liberty, #8 we underetand it, the means of attaining, with- out apy shock, that independence which the wish of Eu- rope, and the interests of justice and civilization equally demano, The work which the new miniatry is called on to perform, within 2 brief term, is azarduous as its results are important for the wnvlecouniry. Tne Cabinet will, there- fore, require the cordial and intelligent co operation of Annctionaries throughout the kingéom. The undersigned applies to those connected with his department, and in- vites them thoroughly to underatand the ‘atentions of the government, and zealously to aid it in carrying out the mission entrusted to it by the Crown. Having that object in view they will hasten to calm the public mind, too easily discouraged, to raise deluded hopes, to consolidate faith in liberty and right, aud to remove all pretexts for dinunion, to secure order everywhere, and lastly to group around the constitutional throne all interests and aspirations, and all the legitimate influences of the country. The government of the King wishes ever to be the government of the whole of the coantry; never that of party alone. If it is in the nature of liberal organizations that the pation must be divided into eeverel parties, it is an equally indispensable condition of 2 liberal organization tbat the authorities whence citizens derive the guarantee of their rights and interests should y the Mofesre provinces, T raturn into private ie eee, festa to the eer which the municipalities of two Of the greateet cries Dave Goce mw, I oan call myself \ i | Fawr wf confidence in your deetipy ant | ie the ju Ic the future should ri Bei ve for I, who bave sound wysolf the ftret in bovor, 8 quired the right to be rat | danger. FARINL ' Poet July 27, 1859 A letter from Perma of the 27th ult 5 For pome ¢ logna propese feoliogs of fraternity aud nationality. This idea was re. ceived with great eathugiagm, hearty roception, most friendly greeting was France for ever!” All the public and private establish ‘ach other in doing the honors of the city. A grand banquot | political which have also their importance, Firat, doo | Sas prepared ia tho public s garden, where twenty tables | this combiration not eatis(y those who belteve ‘that, now: | were laid out, each accommodating 400 persons. Saveral | a-cays, the holy and peaceful mission of the Holy Father | Tuscan, | to be among the | tention. Man; cats were the objects of particu them were wounded, an¢ ov with protest of the inhabitants of Piacen; Duchees and her son, THE DETHRONED ITALIAN PRINCES. A Paris letter inthe Nord of Brussels says: people agaist the dethroned princes, an: Jcit in the hands of Count Walewski. what I bave before told you, that the Emperor, in taking leave of the envoys, aud while arsuring them against aay armed intervention, recommended them to advise the ped- ple to recall their princes, who are ready tocarry out all the reforms called for by public interests and the progress of civilization. Count de Retset, who is furnished with structions from the Emperor, wil! support by his{nflaencs the language which the euvoys of the provisional govera- mente will not tail to use, TUSCANY. Tke Opinions of Turin has the following article oa the abdication of the Grand Duke of Tuacapy :— The Grand Duke Leopold bas abaicated in favor of his ton, Archduke Ferdinand. He was called upon to abdicate by thoes wha wore lesa averse to bis dynasty when such sa at would have pro- veated complications foreseen and which eventually os- corred. What Coes abdication signify now ? The Grand Duve abdicates a power which he no longer poreerges. He reneunces in favor of bis son rights which are no longer his, of which he bas been deprived, Be bas understood that hia restoration is impossible; bat be wishes to save his dynasty. Tuscany bas the right, and it tsher duty, {to give as a re- 2 | ply:—It is too late.” ‘She will have nothing more to do with Austrian princes. ooiouels and proprietora of Aus. trian regiments, vazaais of Austria. And in favor of whom does he wish to abdicate? Of Prince Ferdinand, who oa the 24th of June was pre. Charles, is the man who mace the noble proposal to bom bard Florence. And men fancy that national questions are to be settled tranquillized. Tuscany hse not asked for the abdication of the Grand Duke, but hss decreed the overtbrow of his dynasty, aud she muat eee that ber decree is respected. THE EMPEROR AND THE CORPS DIPLO- MATIQUE. The Augsbourg Gazeite offers the following explanation of the scene at St. Cloud a few days ago, when the Em. peror made his angry h to the corps diplomatique:— Tt appears that diplomatists themselves could not help participating in the agitation which prevailed in Europe during the war. In the most distinguisne! drawing rooms politics were talked with as much animation as in cafés, and more thn ono statesman allowed bis tongue to get the belter of bis siscretion, and to utter things unbe- fitting his ofileial position. Now, as ies ‘that the political surveillance of the potice is as well orgeaized in draw ing rooms as cleewhere, the Emperor was very spced- ily informed of a}i the hard things said of him by forcign ambageadors; and, accordingly, when he found theac gen- temen all assembled together before him in one group, he took the opportunity of lettirg them know that he was Touch displeased with their conduct. His speech was rather a personal cengure addressed to the diplomatists than a collective reproach to the governments which they represent. OPINIONS OF THE FRENCH PRESS. THE PROBABLE EFFECTS ON ITALY OF THE PEACK CONCLUDED AT VILLAFRANCA. (Tranalated from the Paris Constitutionael (July 24) for the Ni Yor« Haran. As long ag his duties as a sovereign permitted, the Em- Peror fought for Italian independence. Tae work of ro- cemption is not complete; it remains provisionally unac- complisbed, in order to prove to the world the devoted- Des of France and the isjustion of Furvpo. Such as it is, hewevor, the work is sufliciently advanced to allow. mea, sures to be taken for congolidsting and rendering it dura- ble. It tg pot enough to deliver a poople—we uum urgs- ive them. The preliminaries of the ee of Vitlafranca bave already shown on what base this orgeization is to rest—a federal union. It is therefore desirable to examine the practical value of this idea of union for Italy, to see what was its origin, and what will probably be its con- sequences. There are three sorts of unity for a people— religious, civil and political. Italy possesses the first, in spite of the faults committed in thee latter times; she is. laboriously seeking the second, and no doabt many years will pase before she completely attains it. 48 for tho third, in spite of the aspirations of some and the ambition of others, it is, in our opinion, doubtful that she will ever realise it. Everything opposes {t—her geographical con- figuration, and even the genius of her people. Bes'des, history is there to prove it. A celebrated pamphlet remarked, some months that tho-political unity of Italy, under the aucient Roman empire, had been but an ‘accident.’ To give unity to the Peninsula all means were resorted to by its unmerciful Senato— trapeportations, proscriptions and social wore. Seven ories of exertion were necessary to raise up the Inbo- edifice; and a single mistake or act of weakness was cient to cause the whole structure to topple to the round, Sach rates cannot be re-erected. One. cannot struggle twice against the pature of a cozniry, against the man- ners of a nation, The pampblet to which we havo already alluded shows, besides, that if Italy doce be wholly without party spirit. The moral Soy of functionaries wiil be materially strengthened by their showing themseives strict in the execution of their duties in this respect. The representatives of the central power in the various provinces will also keep in mind that, ao: cordirg to the bature of our {netitutions, they are in mary re cts the representatives of the provinces themselves regerd to the central power, ad that their mission is also to foster, proiect anf consolidate legally geif- government—that they must no} stifle it eo as to substi- ‘tate for it the influence of the central government. The government intending to propose reforms calculated to cclarge provincial and municipal liberty, so as better to secure the cooperation of the patios with all the powers of the State, functionaries ba plessed to second that moyement by preparing the populations for that extension of their guarantees. Ia provinces where the representative system does rot yei exiet, they will endeavor to anticipate the moment when it will be con- ferred upon them, by seeking to know and eadeavoring to coni rm with the wishcs of the popuiations. For that porpose they will surround themsel7ce with mou whom their esgacity, their morality, and other qualities may be ed 88 the natural representatives of the district. ‘With that view they will be careful to remove from pub- lic functions peraons who do not enjoy pubic considera. tion. “be government of the most must noo . be, but must appear in the ey 2 anfest, mor’ est, and most moral of governments. The nation is en! to appear worthy of ber iiberties. Public fuac- tic Hl lose TO 0; port to psy a tribute to ci eality. Public sai Inatly, engroes all ye Te eften ba at wfler great wars, or po i emotions. or loes reriou! ly omised. You vill, w of the munici- pal veity, and of tbe Nations! Guard, which must be in every commune, endeavor that persons an ty abould cc nsider themselves eafe unger pub- lie + om. it ig essentially i th’s that a people recog- viz vower nod excellence of lls government, I; is une ce conditions that the under=igued relies upon the «pee of all the functionaries in bia department, Te Jaiy 25, 1859. RATAZZL Pri letters from Turin state that thie circalar has creat: uch dissatisfaction, and a rumor prevailed that it bad cen drawn up in P: THE ITALIAN DUCHIES. The following ig the text of the proclamation addresred Yo the population of the Ducby of Modena by the Sardinia Commissioner, M. Farini, in announcing to ihem the re- tirement of the Sardinian functionaries: — Prorig or THR MopENtas Paovinces—The government of the King is going now to teave to youfulland entire joerty to express anew, and in the most spoutancous sed solemn manner, your legitimatedeatres, 1t is important to these provinces, {t is !mportant to our common country, that you should show that the cbaoges which bave occurred in Italy during the war of indepent- ence baye not been the fruit of a passing enthusiasm nor ‘the work of a hidden ambition. In leaving you masters of the future that you will kno 7 how to deserve, the King assigns to me the agreeable duty of assuring you that he will defend in the councils of Europe your legitimate rights. You know the value of Victor Emanuel’s word. During the few days that I have possessed power, yeu bave been remarkable for concord nnd civic SOUrege, AB well as brave and disciplined. Amid the AN lig and in the presence of the difficult duties which the un- expected peace bas imposed on the Italians, you bave always sbown the same pepe 4 the same willingness make sacrifices, the same consciousness of right, I leave you free, organ‘zed and armed. ‘Your countenance assures me that you will never con. = the pure cause of liberty with the vain intoxication Of license. The tumultous clamors of those who doubt and foar would not be befitting in you. Civilized Europo has ro- ognized the it of nations to regulate for themselves ‘questions of jer. to exercise this right ‘worthily nd rest assured that princes whose banishment ‘has been deoreed by the ni will not be restored eae ieee taee, T am certain thst io Pao pe Provinces wilt be aftorded any Kovrage 4 to the fm} calumniatore of geen in your words and your Writinga, Fete and your rodsolutions, you will act in But cious, DELOHN IP Te yourselves praise but even to do honor to the entire pation and i not eecm fit, in @ political way, for absolute unity, she bas, on the contrary, always shown grost tondencies for afederative union. “In ftaly,” it waza, “confederations seem to grow sa a natural product of ihe soil.” To be convinced of it we have only to open the Listory of modern Italy. Her popes and her-princes, her political men and her soldiers, ali prosecute the game ob- ject, All ber grest men, from Dante and Petrach, from Savonsrola, the mystic roformer, from Michael Angelo, the austere Florentine, to Count Balbo aad the Abbe Gio- derti, all uncer different forme and in different circum stances, have expressed the came wish—a. fedorai Italy. Napoleon I. knew this. Hie language to Vico Proaideat Melzi and his convereationr at St Holena prove that be only accepted the crown of italy provisionally. In selzing it with bis powerful band he “aspired lees to found « urited kingdom than to regenerate a people.” After him, in 1815, the federal question wss raised anew by Pope Pius ‘YI. and Cardinal Goneali, and was supported by the Emperor Alexander I. It was revived: in 1821; it waa dis- cuséed in 1831; '& almost-triumphed in 1848; but to Napo- leon IIL was the honor reserved of ealving it at last. This Prince is not ovly served by the victory of his arms and the singular Armucas of bis resolutions, bat also by the moet imperative circumstances, The Italian erisis en grosses £0 much the attention of te whole of Barope, that the friendly as well as the jealous Powers will indubitably ‘gree upon a solution, Some, in a generous and disinter- ented sentiment, will fa e independence of euch a nation ; the others to preserva, if thero be yet time, @ sbare of ipfluenss, will endeayor to give proofs of sympa. thy. To avoid uew complications, of which nobody could foresee the gravity and the extent, the Italian ques- tion must be seltled and Austria, which, uatil tow, hes beam as the evil genius of the Peninsula, is, we believe, sincerely resigned to accept, without nny longer placing ap impediment in the way, the organiza tion of a Confederation, But that Confederation requires u leeder. Who wili ke be? The preliminaries of the pence of Villatranca bave also designated him in advance. It bas been decided between the two Emperors that the honovary presidency of the now federal uvion should be reapectivily endered to the Pope, ‘Everything justifies thal choice—everything explaina ji, The Pope is the very exponent of religious unty—the only ove that Italy pos kingdom does not threaten any one. Even the conilition ¢f bis double power of being elected for life gives him Blgo a title to that ency. We easily understand that the Proteetan’ countries may sigh at thal incresge of moral power given wo toe Holy See; but we undersiand lee that Catholics, who would eon thatwubjcct doubt afler doubt, objection after au Itaitan prinee, nor be a dependency of an Italian in his And t le of Italien prince, en Italian Prince, for he rej over Italians, ‘No,’ jit is the Roman peopie, the le of St. Peter the Scopbeior ‘JeneecUnaist’” "Mates Who are "ie astray by op strange lan or in memory. cod allocation of the 29th of April, ditions of social life. MS dose nob sept Past it had been susounced that the | neighboring tomee of Piacenza, Modena, Reggio and Bo- | . to send deputations to us to testify their | id when they arrived yeeverday, I» DuWber Bhout 1,200, they met with the moat b The members of the municipality, the Lobility, the authorities and the Governor, Count Pallier! bimeeif, were assembled in the large square, whore & iven to our visiters amidst 6 of “ilaly for ever!’ ‘Long live Victor Emanuell’’ ments were thrown open, and the inhabitants vied with Piedmontese and Freech soldiers who hom er ladies be- longing to the highest aristocracy of Parma might be seen conversing with them with as much affability as though | they were their brothers or children, The city was deckod thousands of Italian and French flags. Tho barquet was followed by a ball, and at nightthe city was brilliant!y uminated. During the banquet an enorgetic 2% aga'nst the Ducal government was read, and registers were at the same time opened to receive the signatures of all the citizens of Parma who desired to protest against the returu of the The en- | an voys of the provisional governments of the Duchies have drawn up a very detailed note on the complaints of the the motives which ovgbt to prevent their return. This note has been Tam able to cooiirm sent at the battle of Solferinoin the Austrian camp, hopiog to see the defeat of the Italian troops His brother, Prince by such expedients—public opinioa calmed and nations semes. “He persorities the most universal and most | ment of the Austrians in Lombardy. War having been powerful idea.” His double character insures to | lucky, it could not be ended without kreatly removing the im tbe, reepect and odstience cf all. As a | Austrien frontier beyond the Ticino, and without creating Pontifl, his tromortal prestige places him far | between France and Austria a gerious and strong fialla above tho other confederates ; & Prince, his | Movarchy, which owed us its fucrcase of serritory and willingly think themselves more catholic than the Pope, qv objection. If we wore to )isten ww them “the Popo cannot be prince, nor an Itailan confederation; be is the Pope.’’ Sach @ thesis cannot be discussed; we can only obverre tha’ Piue en on a thougand occasions, highly gloritied himself is 1s eaaily understoad. The Pontiff tins assured. ly no fatherland, no nationality; be is the common (ather of the faithful. But the temporal sovereizn is evidentiy spswer the ultra Catholics, “the Roman people are not an Italian people, end cannot make part of any confedera. em either lack in re’ Pius IX, in his fa. Thus in the eyes of Pius IX. the Romans have a nation- | ality. They are his subjects, but they are aleo tho subjects of italy. He docs not isolate them in traly impossible con- ake them in an ar- Diifary mapner‘from the reat of mankind; he does not NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, AUGUST 14, 1859. ark even on the battle deld. But if the of the Ro- man States have all the rights as well as all duties of ie other Italians, if they are nations as well as othors, it » but just to ackrowledge that the Pope is not a King like any other King. Tho royalty of the Pontiff, says tho Fatber Ventura, !s a royally sui, generis—an exceptional royalty, While every Prince owes bimeelf before all entircly to bis State, the Pope owes himseif before all and eplirely to the Church — 1p order, therefore, that the 'm Of the political conditions of the Pope be com- ed hoe must have, not only @ State, the roy- should serve for the exterior Inde} ‘@ manger that the action of the Pontiff abroad be not absorbed in tbe interior by the functions of the King, He must be | kking to be independant, but he must not bo king to be ob- iterated by his kingship: he ought not to govern bis State in the amailest details. He must be a king above all, but not a king conceatratiog every thing iato himself; ho must dominate everything, but leaving everything in its place; be must only reign, and allow the several parts of the counwy to manage their affairs Outside of those bigbly moral considerations in favor of the honorary prosideacy, there are some others purely does not permit bim any aggressive act against the otber Christian Powers. The charactor of the Italian Confederation, I'ke that of the Swiss Confederation, and like the Germanic, will re- main exclusively defensive. But, it is gald, the Pope will have to share the respousibility of is co federates, and may be forced, in caso of need, to atiow bis psople to march to their aid. Yee, no doubt; but does Ohriatianity exclude the joint responsibility of populations of the sume race? Does it prohibit the La rpay of unjust attacks, whether they come from abroad or from home? Recent events will answer for us, In spite of these, some por: sons persist in whether, yes or no, the will accept the presidency offered it. To those persons a conclusive consideration may be submitted. The iaterest of Rome end the sccurity of the Poatiff equally counsel acceptation which hes become aimost a ne. ceesity. Rome is naturally the head of the great political body which it is desired to create. With. out speaking of ita central position, its supremacy over Turlu, Napies, Florence, Milan and Venice, is accepted ia advance, for it isthe Eterna! City. The future opens up anew t) Rome almost as gloriourly as the past. 8 to the security of the Holy Pontiff, let it be remem. bered that Austria and Franco cannot have forever aa army of occupation in the States of the Church. Will an attempt be once again made to create a poatidcial army? The attempt has deen made for the last ton years but in vain. Does the government feel itself in a tion to remain aloue impulasant in presence of attempts at disor. der which every day become more menacing? Lot the Holy Father become the President of the Confederation and all theee dangers will disappear, as the day alter vere will be a federal army to protect bim, and its pro tection will be the safest and the most becoming. WHAT IS NEEDED IN ORDER THAT PEACE BE LAST- IN@ IN ITALY, (Translated from the Paris Patrie, July 28, for the New York BwRatb ] We have already said that the end of tne war is not yet ‘ace. Now thst the fighting la over on the Adige and (ncio, if moral and political troubles were to succeed to the battles in the Peninsula, peace would only be made on paper, and the everiasting focus of uneaainess in Kuropo would be far from being extinct. Thanks to heaven we are rot among those who believe in the legitimecy of all victories. Success doos not al way: justify everything, as it has been assumed by an immo- ral pbilcsopby, and the yictor who, in an unjust cause, only thinks of imposing upon the vanquished nis condi: tions without either pity or mercy, doce not truly make peace; be only prepares now wars for the future, as the treaties of 1815 aid. On the contrary, when the principle of the victory is a legitimate one; when success i8 not only the triumph of strength, bot also that of reason and justice, it is then peceseary, in order that the peace be good, efficacious and lasting, that it should consecrate the causes of the war as definite results. Now, is there any need to-day to prove that the cam- paign of Italy bas been undertaken for the noblest and ‘moet generous of thoughts? Is it necessary to prove that France had only in view to free an unfortunate people, and to puta s!op to the ambition of a Power which toreatened the equilibriam of Europe? Tho whole world knows now why we went to Italy. The enemies of France m Germany or in Fogland can deny it; their shamelees caluranies will only render the fact more striking. What: ever may be done or said in the Eoglist or Prussian jour- nals, cothing will prevent the new campa'ga of France ia Italy to be defined in the following manner: Ia tuo ba- ginping, a gencrous ioitintive; in the midst, eix victories; at the end, s great act of moderation. In our opipion, this disinterested aad heroical conduct of France gives her an irresistible authority in the organi- zation of peace, and we are going to examine ths condi- tions under which th's peace should be made to mect what is expected of it, The firet ices of the regenerstion which is tried to be attained in the Peniasula ought evidently to be the tri umph of the Italian elsment. Scarcely two months ago the hand of Austria was everywhere in Itaiy. This hand is now to remain ip future at Vienna, and eyen its shadow should not appear in the Peninsula, We know what can be answered: that Austria, keeping Venetia under its rule, will always remaio in Italy, and will not cease to work £0 that her influence, lessened for a moment, should at a later period become again what it was formerly, Tho objection is a serious one, and in fact the greatest part of the results obtained would be endangered if Austria, in ber deep blindness, did not understand the leseon of events, and if, after haviug lost Lombardy, she should persist in a policy which has been Bo fatal to her power, and which might have been more fatal still. Emperor of Austria and of nis vernment. The Emperor Francis Joseph, considering m that handsome province of Lombatdy he has Crown eft, wpiph {a now hnt « simple object Fa Of Hixtr-ient vuslOBiBy, convinced that the great Pa tis government was that it weated to be Austrian in Itoay. It political wisdom ia still to be found in this world, and if the Vienna Cabinet has att!! some left, It will sincere! renounce, without afterthought, a system which has al ready ‘een 80 onerous, and which, besides, would now meet wih sijil greater obstacles in tho new penineular or- gavizations, for thero’ is no rdle for a foreigner in a na- tional confederation. Let it de well considered what is a confederation; let ue, for instance, look et the German Confederation. We will Ond there rivalries of Powers-—confederates who sympathize with the North, and others who sympathize with the South; but he principle of nationality is never at peril. In some of the minor details they do not always agree in a-confederation, but they aiwaya agree in ques- tions ct general interced. Thus, from the moment that Venetia wil! make an intogra! part of tho Italian Confeder- ation, it Decomes, parely and slinply, by the force of things, an Italian province. The Duchies, whatever may be the future form of their government, will be Italian Provinces; they will not, nor could not, represent any. thing put {salian intereets. Besides, it is the essence of every confederation te protect itrei’, which definitively sends back into his country that xofortonate Austrisn, soldier, who, in Italy, was no lorger a soldier, but 2. jailer, ; Through the confoderation Italy forcibly becomes n. tionality;.and in order that the peace of Villafrance should not become an idle word, we Save oaly to demand one thing, yory simple in appearanco—that is that Italy be Italy. We will, however, add another wish to it, which may. acem very revolutioaary to the vitramontanes—that 1¢ that Pine ibe Pius 1X, THE FRENCH INTESEST IN THE PBACE AND IN 7 WAR OF ITALY. (Tranplated from tha Paris Pays, July 29, for the New York Hznato | If in France or eisewhere some persons are to bo found for whom the regult of the wonderful campaign of Maly leaves something to be desized, thia thoughtless dis- appointment takes its source in the oblivion of tha.cauze which led to the war and whick.dictated i That cause is the interest of Mrance. Assuredly. there is robody who, in the state of civilization that we have Sttained, does net feel, or ought not strongly to feel, the in- Justice in ‘licted on some nations by their governments; but as long as the sufferings or the exterior disorders do not directly adect the matorial or moral intorosta of France, nobody could think of engaging for the redress of thoro wrongs the army, the finances, and finally even the security and the destinies of the country. Many years ago one was deeply moved in France abont the miefortunee of Italy; to improve her condition neither wishos sor reprerentations had been neglected. ‘The Con- gress of Paris beara the solemn stamp of that sympathy Tor the Italian sufferings; the diplomatic ru @ with Na- les proves its sincerity; out France would certai ve taken up arms and would not bave epgaged her fortunes in a war in italy if she had nat bean forced into it for the reourity of her frontier and the protection of ber ally attacked ia Piedmont. French interest had thea commenced war when that interest was attacked, When the French interest wes Satisfied it dictated the peace, The tword being once drawn, and war preparations trade, tbe horizon of French demaads naturally increased. Stace 1815 wo had suffered from the encroach ments of Austria on the liberty of the eovereiga «Peace could not bs made without Ttalian States to themeeclyes, For three ries we had guttered fron tbe dangers incurred on our fronilers of the Alpa by tho formiJadle establisa- could cover us on tha} tide in cage of danger oa the ine. Finally, Eorope was evidently agitated—France havi ber share of hat agitation-~by the etate of feverish aa revolutionary excitement in which a certain number of Kallang were kept by foreign oppression; and on ascouat of the real aullerings of the Peninsula the agitators were winning too legitimate a hare of the sympathy of the peacefal people, The fate of arms haz been favora- ble to us; it was naturally a dety not to make poace with out having founced an Tialti ougiry in a federal form; without baving given a real indepsndence to aii the na: Nong composing it; withuat rendering their homes to the exiled pairiote, and without baving thus extinguished, by the atisfaction of national aspirations, the focus of revo. jutionary aspirations, Frenca intereat, which previously tothe war would have been contented with the fourth part of the programme acquired through that war, was therefore in'xed up with the Ital pression of Austris; when the French froxti Was covered by an Italian kingdom extending as far asthe Miaclo; when the Italian nation was created and mous 1848, proclaimed | with its own life, and a practical form and reasonable pro- “that, embracing all the pations im the same sentiment of Ln French interest became entirely satisfled, and it fatherly love, he would not declare war against Austria,” | would have been insepsate no} to TOAKO DORCe AB Boon as smong his subjects who, y ir an- juredly ie Emperor Francis a | Vonaly, baa one to defend the common cavee of ail ihe | roako peace at ¥illafranog, the Fact wrep ote nt ian nations.” Cost have crossed the Adige, taken Venice, and conquered all the Austrian porsctsions as far asthe Adriatic, It is with tont perspect've, on which tho traditional tenacity of the Court of Vienna did not, at the bogiuniag, leave any iiivsion to any one, that ibe Emyazor Napoicon entered upon the campaign; but when the French interest waa thake of the Roraan States a vast mon: . For if thénew | fully satisfied, aud tho federal iudepondence of Laly was r Church would not even enjoy the ancient privilogé tribe of Levi. ciples here invoked were applied, the subjects of the yon of the The tribe of Levi accompanied, at least, the armies of the people of Ierasi, and earried the haly inetired, be was enabled to reduce ‘the extent of hig fest and it would have been madness to push any fariber the perlis and the sacrfilces of the war, The eympathy cf tho Emperor for Tialy is well knowa— be punished by imprieonment of two months’ years’ duration, a fine pot exceeding 1,000 francs, and five to ten years’ loss of civil rights. tom to the Britisn o foot throughout Gre traversing the venerabie House of Lords. of the armistice, the forerunner of the peace of Villafran- oa, It 13 thonght that the dark apparaiton bad only wished it ia of old date, and bas beon dearly proven—br national will called him to the throne it has had for its constant and sacred limits the interest and the safety of Franc the Interest of France to national indepen: pendent It dence to Italy. Peace insures that inde; ce, Venice -and her territory are now forever Italian. The settle. ment operated in common in an intercets of all the parts of Italy: what constitutes the independence of the Peninsula, We have given it to ber, aud it was our interest that she should possess it. But this national independence belvg once insured, its internal composition is a secondary affair of an exclusively Thalian interest. Provided each of Italy be Italian, evjoys practical and reagouable improvements, and re- mains quiet, we do not cara for the rest—it does uot matter to ua. To conquer Venice and her territory—not only not to keep them, but to make a present of to any master whateoever—that was not worth the sacrifice of a siagle French soidior. That the Italians regret Vonotia, in the old state of excitement in which they are against re pin to Italian Diet of the federal that is way be easily understood; but if we are largely mi up with the interests of the Italians, we have do with their prejudices, their passions, nor their fancies, What independence we bave gained for them is im- mense; they will find it out before two months, when they will organize it and show themselves worthy of it, ‘The peace of Villafranca witl also, and very soon, take aspects of greatness and skilfulmess which are not per- ceived now. For the second time since the Crimean war ‘the Emperor Napoleon haz shown a wonderful judgment in discerning tho interest of France from the foreign inte. rest which tries sometimes to surround and compromise him. After the fel! of Sebaatopol the English wanted to prose cute the war and-induce us to take aad ruin Cronstadt, The Emperor, who saw clearly that France bad no lovger ‘apy interest ia the war, did not hositate to make peace. Be bag just acted alike after tho battle cf Solferiuo, Tae interested and secret aim of some parties may porhaps rot have entirely been attained; but to have taken a step further, after the resulta that had becu obtained, would have been beyond the aim of France. THE POPE ON THE PEACE QUESTION. CURIOUS POSITION OF HIS HOLINESS. Tho Pope has addressed a ietter to the Vicar-General, Cardinal Patrizi, ordering thanks to be offered up for the conclusion of peace, but at the game time saying that prayers for poace are not to be discontinued, for the rea- fons ect down in the following extract from the Papal mis- sive:— To thank God for the peace obtained between the two great belligerent Catholic Powers is our duty, but to con- tinue the prayer is a real necessity, since various pro- vinoes of the States of the Church are atill a prey to the subverters of the established order of things; and it is in thone same provinces that Intely, by @ ugurping forcigo autpority, it was announced that God made man free in bis own ‘opinions, whether Political or religious,” thus forgeling the authority eatabliahed by God upon earth, to which is due obedience and respect; forgetting, likewise, the immortality of the goul, which, when it passes from transitory to the eternal, thal bave to render a special account of its religious opin ions to the omnipotent and inexorable Judge, learning then, but too late, that God is one, thet faith is one, and tbat whoever quits the ark of unity shall be submerged in the deluge of eternal punishment. The necessity is thore- fore evident of continuing the prayer, in order that God may deign in Hisinfaite mercy to re-establish rectitude of mind and beart in all those who have been led away from the path of truth, and to obtain that they should weep not over the imagiaary and false pte a mas: sacres of Perugia, but over their own s'us and their owa biimaness. That diindness has impelled, in these latter days,a mob of madmen (forsennati), for the most Jews, to drive with violence a religious femily from its 8 cred retreat. That same blindness is it which has produc ed 80 many other evils that atllictand torture the heart, But prayer is more powerful tnan hell, aud whatever shall be asked of God by those who are gathered together in His name shail be infallibly obtained. THE MASSACRE AT PERUGIA. We (Galignani) baye received the foilowiog commun!- cation: Vita Carroxt, near Florence, July 24, 1859. In the Messenger of the 2lst you quote from the Giornale di Rema, “that the American family reeident ia Pervgia at the time of ite capture by the Swisa have de- clared that the troops behaved with a moderation that conid hardly have been expected after the provocation to which they bad been expezed.”” Will you do me the favor to contradict that statement? It is one of many as- sertions made by that journal which has no foundation in fact. The American family have never made apy such declaration, but, on the contrary, have stated in the most public manner their conviction that the soldiery behaved with the greatest brutailty, ferocity and license. game journal aggerted very family had Joet some of their effeste, which had been or were about to be resiored to them. As wo lost almost everything we had, to tween 2,000 and 3,0C0 scudi, in the sack and pillage of the Hotel de France, where we were residing, and as tho claim made on the Roman government by Amer Minteter has not yet been paid, you will be able to judge how accurate are the sources from which the Giornale di The that the Americen coolly an amount of be- ericam Rema derives its information. Begging you to excuse my troubling you in this matter, which I only de in order to roid misrepr esentation. ra 3, EDWARD NEWION PERKINS. THE PRUSSIAN LANDWEHR: ‘The Prussian Moniteur of the 28th says:— A Cabinet order of the Prince Regent of the 26th hay- ing directed the de mobilization of the mobilized guard of the army, the ordinances prohibiting passporis to be granted for foreign countries to men to the re- serve and the lsndwebr cease to be in force. Those who hei to the reserro cannot, however, yet obtain per- Mission to loave the country and the decree of the Minis- ter of War of the 8tb of March remains in vigor. SWISS PEDERAL ASSEMBLY. Tho Federal Asserably has adopted a Iaw against the enrolment of Swiss in forcign service. The iaw forbids the entry aa a special corps into the military service of foreign Sintes under peualty of im- prieonment for one to three months, and ono to five years’ logs of civil rights. Eeroleurs and all persons co operating with them will to three ‘Tae close of the session then took place. English ace: its France. [Translated {tom the Paris Conmtutionnel, July 26 for the New York Hunan ] From time to timo we bave hed to notice the appenr- ance of aspectre in Bsgiand spreading terror over the weak imaginations of that country. This terrible pheno- mexon has been more frequently observed siace the es- tablisbment of the empire than ‘at any precedit Neverthe'ess, the Crimean war compietely dispelled tho troubleeome visions, st least for about two years. Daring ng period. thas time the whole Euglieh nation sang in the day of the benefit, and drack to the perpetuity of the alliance with Frazee, There wore to be no more jealousies, no mors raacors, no more dedance, but a cordial solid alliance between the two zations, smd the most timorous aud never thought of dreaming, that France w: at ber neighbor, and that the formidaple Cherbourg was tending beyoud the sea a brotherly saluation to the pow- erful Portemouth. At night the most timid spirits ‘ures reposed in full security, aughing The war of Ttaly has brought baok this terrifying phan- A-trembling fit runs from head Britaia, ‘Tho cry Is raised, ‘Ri- flemen to your ranks”? The riflemen do not yet exist, bu: they are engrged in forming. them, Mostings on all sides invite all genuine and patriotic citizens to seizo a weapon, to prac- tice firing, to traim their corps in the elementary move- ments of the roldier’s trade pondent informed us at the time of these foars—those warlike appeals to the nation, notwithstanding the alarm bad dimicishe¢—the terrible sbadow was being effaced by degrees, A specia! London corres- All of a sudden the phantom appeared a; , Majosticaliy {t was on the ove to produce a last and'solemn effect, and that it had chosen the wiseat and most illustrious assembiege of the three kingdoms in which to bid fwrewell to the nation. It was anevror. The 8) which the war had recalled into existence did not wish to flee before poace. It remains moze imperioualy than ever in the sight of the country, and still causes the most deplorable halluciaations among those who believo that they see it standing oa the shores of Dover, pointing ite finger to Franco and turning to Engiand a look of alarm in which might bo read the se- rious warning—‘Take care of thyself.” It ig true that in Eogland there are very intelligent people, enlightened men, who are determined not to see it, There must bo, they ssy, a certain disposition of the mind to exjoy a nocturnal vision The journals which, in trath, compote “the night” on the otber side of the Straits are particularly favored in this respect. It is one of their privileges, in that country where they havo £0 many, of belug on a fooiing of the greatest familiarity witb tbe monster in question, Tho London Morning vertiser may be quoted for its exceptional o’airvoyancs, permits itrelf to see the watchful phantom during the whole year. At this moment the London Tims shares the same favors, The great journal of the city transports itself every evening to tbe shores of the sea, and on each returning morning admits the Eoglish people into ite coa- fidence concerning the conversations which it hat had with the fantastic sentinel that watches over the coasts of Albion. ‘These convereations, repeated by similar echoes, have not been without lamentable results. Tne credulous or frreflective part of the nation has at ins; aban- doned itaclf to catch at these incessant alarms, these sereelces ceciamations, Without knowing wny Fraoce should attack England, nor what tho imperial go vernment has beee sb'e to do to justify these suspicions and to merit such deflance, the mistakia public, exc! by these cries of tho journa's and of prominent ‘orator, bas litte by little placed the Kogiiah government uader he necessity of extraordinary armaments, and, conae- quently, of unforeseen expevges. Thus, when the discus- fion of the budget comes—when in the House cf Commons the eccentric alarms cauged by the phantom of inva- sion are transformed into itive figures, in the increase ‘of taxem, in sacrifice, sufficiently heavy, imposed upon the purse of exch English citizen, eminent orators will arise severely to condemn thore \dangerous follies and to bring back the erring spirits to their reason, The tory, Mr. Bisract, the independent and peaceful Mr. Bright, the Ministers, Lord John Rossell and Lord Palmeraton, are agreed in sharply cenguring thoro journals which, under the pretext of pointing outa danger which is,,afwer all, imaginary, believe {na realfone, thus exciting ani- mosity against France, and without any cause provoking a neighboring and allied people, And, in fe ir these are subjects that call for serious consideration—what ls meant by thess daily attacks on the government of France? What signitice that fur. whic lends fteclt to hortile intentions against Ragland, when thore is nothing to authorize sus Where will they go with the calusonious imputations which represent the Emperor ag being animated by intentions of which no proof exivis anywhere? Ass London journal—wiser than the rest—yesterday ob- werved, should it not be said, to see the agitation which reigns In England, and on the other hand the calmnoss of France, that tt is the English who nre preparing to invade French territory, and not tho Freugh w attack the ? Evglish' . 2. suppositions? . ut since th.” | } ee For our part the idea has never presented ittelf to us that England would dream of an egaiust our Country; but we are permitied to find it strange and wou'nding to our government and to the mation that every. day bogliab ‘and English voices should direct gi tous aco 'sations against France, which has done nothii to provowe them. Now it is a journal ste | compares tie of the two Powers, and ‘seems to demand that France should ge to London to ask permiss{on to acd @ vessel to her fleet, @ basia to her ports, & cannon tw her maritime d fenses, Taen i+ is a noble orator who perceives in events to which England has ‘wisbed to remain a stranger, and in which ia or case there could be digcovered mating nacing to hor, a peril which nobody elae hes seen—in short, the most out cous BUPposisions, the most direct suspicions, the most unust migappreciation of the views and foolings of France and so government with reapect to England, This is wha! certain men and certain jonrnals have per- mitted themselves to indulge in for so long a period, Mr. Disraeli, Mr. Bright, Lord John Russell aud Lord Palmerston have, therefore, had good roason to unite their voices to avert from the one and the otber the danger of their words and of their writings. They have had good reagon to warn imprudent orators and writers that the French are a susceptible nation, and that at last the Eog- lish declamations might reach them and produce on this side of the straits an irritation nding to the deflaace which on the other side resounds with so much bluster In some places. Lord John Russoll has told them ‘‘ that a war of panio will be worse than a war of rege.” How would it be if these two feelings should be brought face | toface? Mr. Bright adjures them not to excite any fur- | ‘ther “an bp gg J which, if the system continues many montbs more, will render it impossible to any govern. | ment to prevent a war between the two countries.” We | that these warnings will be heeded, theese counsels Pine vad tbat thus the danger forescen by the Eoglish orator will be diepersed. This is the wish of France. Obituary. DEATH OF THE EARL OF MINTO, G. C. B, {From the Loadon oat er ee We baye to apnounco the e Rigt he Ear! of Minto, who at at 12.80 A. Me pegeraay *this residence in Eaton square, after & prowacted ant lingering ilinees, His lorcship’s leny indigposition bate in some dc , Prepared the members of che family for the mournful event. A decided change for the worse took place on Friday Jast, and the Marl continued rapidly I , when at ae Cry tg ee He peaesiee Lee last, apparently without the ip, inthe presence Viscount Melgund, Lady John Russell, Lady Dunfermiine and the Hon. George Eliot. The deceased Gilbert Elliott Murray Kynynmond, Earl of Minto, Viscount Me!guod and Baron of Minto, county Roxburgh, in the pooraze of the United Kingcom, aleo a baronet of Nova Scotia, was eldest son of Gilbert, first Kari, by his wife Anna Maria, eldest daughter of Sir George Amyand, Bart, ‘and wag born Nov, 16, 1782. Hie lordsnip married August 28, 1806, Mary, eldest daughter of Mr. Patrick Bry.one, by whom (who died ia 1853) the late peer leaves surviv- ing issue Lady Dunfermline, Viscount Melguni (uow Ear!), Lady Jobn Ruesel!, the Hon. Henry George, Captain the Hon Charlee, Lady’ Etizabeth Romiliy, tbe Hon. George, Lady Charlotte Portal, and the Hoa. Gilbert, in the Rifle Brigade, The Inte poer succeeded to the earl- dom on the ceath of his father, 2ist cf June, 18i4. He ‘was educated at the University of Edinburg, at which geatof learning the Marquis of Lansdowne, Lord Jobn Russell, Lord Palmerston, Lord Gleaelg, and other em- inept whig politicians, wer ucated, and were his co. Previous to bis acccasion to the earldom he Commons, having been elected member for Ashburton in 1806. Oa the completion of the late Karl Grey’s government he wss made a privy councillor, aud in August, 1932, appointed envoy extraordiaary and minisier plenipoten tary to the Court of Berlin, where he continued until the ution of 1824 In September, 1435, he accepted office in Viacount Melbeurne’s gecoud admistration, as Firat Lord of the Admiraity, in the room of Lord Auckland, 2ppointed Governor General of India, and presided over the naval affairs of the nation unuil the break up of the Minietry in September, 1841 On Lord John Ruegell suc- ceeding to the helm of public affairs in July, 1846, the Earl of Minto entered the Cabinet as Lord Privy Seal. It was during the autumn of 1847 that the noble Kar! wout on a special mission to Switzerland, the Courta of Florence, Turin, Rome and Naples; aud algo to inform the Homo government on the unsettied state of Itely. While on bis mission the revolution cf February, 1848, broke out in Paris, and the object of bis miseion ‘to Naples was not attained, owing to the convulsions which fol- lowed the revolution in France. He returned from lialy in May, 1848, to resume his duties in the Cabinet, and as Lord Privy Seal remained till the resignation of Lord John Russell as First Lerd of the Treasury in Feb- | ruary, 1852, since which period bis lerdanip, bed but; little interfered in political matters, beyond giving support to big political friends by his votes in the Huuse of Lords. By the lamented demise of his lordship the famliy bonors and estates devolve on his eldest so, Viscount Meigund, born 19th March, 1914, aud married tu 1844 to Emma Eleanor, only davghier and heiress of tho late General Sir Thos. Hislop,G@ CB. The present Earl grad- uated at Trinity College, Cambridge. was firat re- turned to Parijament, as member for Hythe, at the gene- ral election in 1837. In 1841 be was an unsuccessful can- didate for Rochester, but in 1847 he agsin obtained a seat in the House of Commons, as representative for Greenock, and was member for Ciackmanunan in the late Parliament. At the last general election he deciined to again come oem ad emaccount of the precarious health of The Inte Earl;woe a fellow of the Royal Society, an elder brother of the Trinity House, and a deputy lieutenant of Roxburghsbire. In 1834 he was nominated a knight grad civil division) of the Order of the Bath. The house of Minto is uw younger braueh of the Elliot, of Stobs, N. B., from whenoe General Lord Hvathficld sprabg. Sir Gilbert Elliot, grandeon of Gilbert Elliot, of Siobs, was # lord of geesion in Scotland, and mado a baronet in 1700. On his appointment to the bench he took the title of Minto from an catate be had purchased in Roxburghshire. His son, Siz Gilbert, was also brought up in the law, and at- tained the elevated rank of Lord Justice Clerk. That €d baronet’s gon, the third Sir Gilbert, veas asa public character in the House of Comm: bis Mterary abilities. His son, Sir Gilbert, who succeeded as fourth baronet, also obtained a high position in political ife, being an active member of Parl ment, and Was st one time a candifate for the Speaker chair, On the acquisition of Corsica be was made by thi home goversment Governor of that island. In 1797 he was olevated to the peerage by being crested Baron Minto. His lordship went in 1799 as Ambassador to Vienna, and wos subsequently appointed Governor General of Indiu, the offairs of which presidency be administered with ability and diecretion “During his governorship of Ben- gal tho successful military and naval expedition to Java, under General Sir Samuel Auchmuty, was planned and carriod out, which led to the surrender of the city of Batavia and the capture of the strongly eutrenched camp at Cor- nelia, when the whole of the enemy's urmy of 10,600 dis- ciplined troops were cither killed, taken or dispersed. For bis eminent public services he was ia 1813 further raised in the peerage by being crested an car), but did not enjoy the honor long, (or he died in June toe succeeding year, WILLIAM Re HAMILTON. From the Londoa Times, Jaly 27.] Wiliam Richard Haimiliow, whore death we pot long since purounced, waa one of tbose men distinguisned for their taste and learoing, and although of late years he had ino great measure withdrawn himself from public life he deserves to be remembered for the active ant zaa‘ous Part which be took in the administration of afairs auring 4 womentous period of our history. Born in the year 1777, be was sent at on early age to Harrow, then in the zenith of is popularity, and was tere the compenion of many emivent men. An’ sccident, tho effecte of which somewhat impaired hia physical activity durisg hie long life, scon compelled him to ieave that eat of i¢arning, but he undertook and completed a translation of the works of the great historian of the Peloponnesian Waz, For ashort period be was a member of each of our Universities, although bis health prevented his graduating ‘nt either. When the late Lord Bigin wes appoinied Ambarsador to Conatautino- ple, in 1799, My. Hamilton sccompsnied him 4s aitacbé and privote secretary. Inthe same year he waseont to Egypt on a diplomatic mission to the Com: der sn chief of the British forces, and on the expulsion of the French from that country he was employed in ne- gotiating the terms of pesce, by which they agreed to surrender all the works of art which they were on the, point of carrying off to France, On thia occasion Me, Hamilton rendered a signal service to the lovers of Keyp- tian chronology in this country, and secured for the Britieh Museum one of its most valuable treasures. In- formation having been received that the French had eon- cenled in ono of their transports the very remarkabio tri- {pgual Rosette stone, he went on board the ship, though the plague had broken out in her, and obtained the valua- ble prize. a few years later, while returning to England in a vessel conveying the celebrated Kigin marbles to this country, he was shipwrecked onentering the port of Ce- rigo. Ina few minutca the ship and the marbles went to the bettom, the crew only juet saving their lives by jumping off the bowsprit on to the rocks, Mr. Sawiiton remained in Cerigo geveral months, and, with tho vesistance of experienced divers succeedod with great difficulty and perseverance in recovering these invaluable works of ancient Greek art from the sea. ‘the publication of the Fgyptica, some time after his retarn to England, proved that he had pot misspent his time in Egypt, since ‘be had found the opportunity, in tae ivtervsis of oflicial dutier, to collect watcrials for a work containing a vast amount of new Information respecting the antiqaities of a country at that time but little known, In 1804 Mr. Hamilton was appointed private sscretary to the late Earl of Harrowby, and in the same year précia writer to Lord Muigraye. “In October, 1309, fo became Under Secretary of State for Foreign Altair, which post he held during all the later years of the Groat War, and nptil February, 1822, when ‘he was appointed Eavoy Ex- traordinary ant Minister Plenipotentiary to the Co¥rt of Naples, where he remained until the beginning of 1825, Tn 1615 he accompaaied Lord Castlereagh to Paris, and it was chiefly owing to hia exertions that the Bourbon verbment coneerted to restore to Italy the works of art which the French had on various occasions removed to Paris. The cordial reception which be met with on visite ing Italy a few years lator proved how highly the Ivailane, and especially the tMustrions Canova, with whom he had estabiiebed a {coting of great intimacy and friendship, appreciated bis efforts oa their behalf. When the de- struction of the houace of Parliament in 1834 rendered necestary tho building of new houses, Mr. Hamiiton was one of the few who Snargetioaly, raised their voices in favor of a classical style of archilecture in preference to the then fashionable desire for medival Gothic, Mr. Hamilton’s acknowledged taste in art, sound criticism aud general character and altainments led to his boing ap- tinted in 1838 to bo one of the elected trustees of the itish Mugeum. In 1833 Mr. Hamilton was ono of thoao solentine and learned men who established, the Ly Geographical Society, of which ho pe gy Ste Batallton expired, on tho Lith inst., after an i!inees of four weeks, much lamented by ail his surving friends, and to the great grief of a numerous fa mily. anes iy Tae FRBNCH LITERARY “KING OF BOHEMIA. [Paris (July 26) corres} nce of London Star.) Tob King of Bohenaia, Privat @’Anglemont, has died st a maizon ge santé, where ho had boon placdd by the So- clete des des Lettres. An author of no mean merit, Privat d’Anglemont belonged to the ancient schoo! of those darofooted literati, who taking for granted tha! titerature and poverty wore one and the same thing, would never consent to too exertion necessary to extricate himself from tho slough of Pecuniaay difficulty irto which this conyi”,. tion plunged him. Not long ago, Peroiro, boaring ©” «he mbject state of povorty in which d’Anglomont w 4g fring, nat Proposed to allow him fig ie? month during the compzsitiog Of n° work upow ————— . Le Adan, whither the auth banana ag joyous an jelig! ab ee - sooner was he installed tu the comfortable .* ftnenks pro: vided by Pereire, with the security of exch Sion before hiseyes, ban he began to ai of Bobemia, and at the end of four da} o and returned to bis garret aud the frolic aud my tid cation wmid which be lived in Paris, Hundreds of amus ing anecdotes aro told of his powers of boaxing and tho manuer in which he loved to cxercise them, The one rola- tive to his introducing himself as Alexander Dumas, to the cure of Noire Damo, and describing himeelf as com- migsioned by a bookseller to write the good cure’s bia. Brepby, in consequence of the popularity to which be hat risep Amongat the people of Paris, aud the jovial manoor in which he lived ut the Presbytery during the time la was = thus mane employed, has been mato by @ contemporary writer the subject of » pleassut vau deville, Although these jokew are neither very resp ot able or very edifying in a mau turned forty years of age, yet Privat a’, U A beh ape ancomen was generally regarded vy 4 up child, and petted and indulged ‘nocordingly. indeed wo this that he owed the favor of stretching his dying frame ou tho comfortable bed of « maison de santé, rather theo ou the lowly pallet of an hospital, Lot us hopo that with Privat a’ Anglemon' becomes extinguished that race of literary lazzaroni who, flinging their taleat to the winds, prefer to grovel in idieneea ana dissipation on the lowest stops of the ladder, while mon of logs talent, but of more industry in their profession, are made to sup- port them ia their apathy and indolence, RICHARD TATTERSALL, We have to record the death of Mr. Kichard Tattersall, who was for many years the proprietor of ‘Tbe Corouor, 7 London, so well known to sporting men of ail ciassce, Mr. Tattereal! was held in high estoem by the large body of | meen J with whom his business brougut him into contact, is dealings baving always been of the most hovorable cbaracter. He died at Dover in his 76th year, Mme, Desporpas Varmorg, known aga pleasing writer, has died tn Ps after a long illness. Her talents were incipally devoted to the improvement of youth. and her Contes en Prone et en Vers,” her “Anges de is Familla,!* and other worka, obtainéd cousiderable success. Sao was bora at Doua) (Nord) in 1787, M. Dancnov, the senior of the notaries of* Franco, has just died at Aramits (Basses Pyrénéas,) aged 96, in full possession of ali his faculties. He had begun to practice bis profession under Louls XVI The Bury (Bog.) Post recorda the death of Mr Srevan- ‘son Firca, so well known in archwoljogical circlos ase zealous and accomplished antiquary, Mr. Labouchere a Peer. Mr. Labouchere bas issued the following address to the electors of Taunton:— Gcntiomen :— Her Majesty having been graciously pleased to signify her intention of calling me to the House of Peers, Iam about to vacate the soat in Parliament which I have 80 long held as your representat ve. I teke leave of you with the strongest feelings of grati- tuce and attachment. By your favor [have been a momber of the House of Commons for about thirty ye I ebai! always remember ith pleasure the courtesy and kindness which, during that lovg pertad, I bave expe- rienced from you without distinction of party, as well as the geverous and cordial support which [ have recelved from my perecnal and political friends, It gives me satisfaction to reflect that, as a neighbor I may still hope to have frequent intercourse with you, and T aseure you that! shall always take a warm interest ina!l that concerns the good name and prosperity of Tauntou. Tam, gentlemen, sour obliged and faiibful servaat, Broke Park, August 1, 1859, H, LABOUCHERS, Miscellaneous Foreign Items, ‘The London Times of Juiy 27 remarks :—Are the Aus- trian and French armies to fight hereafter side by side against Garibaldi and the Tuscaus? Is the world to be afforded the spectacle of tho French Zouaves exhibiting the audacity we have beon taught to admire against the Italian patriots whom they came to liberate; or is France, who cailed forth these revolutious, to stand by and let the Austrians do the butchery ? The’ latter is quite impos- sible Tbe Emperor Napoieou's personal hovor would not Permit it. The former would be a strange spectacle, and a profitable leggon to all who hope for liberty by the ald of foreign swords. Yet, without Austrian or Freach bayo- nets we cannot see how the, Arciidukes are to go back, The Lopdon Herald of the 27th ultimo eaye:—fhe fer- ment excited at bome by the recent struggle in aly is gratual'y subsiding, and the conviction gaing ground that the Emperor Napoleon was reaolved to briag the conflict to & termination in order to prevent revolution in Europe and a eneral war, Count Cavour’s annexation mania p'aced the Emperor in & faise position, We stated when the struggle People imagined, and ye Deieve taak ‘Napoleon spesauye people imagined, and we believe that Napoleon spee diecovered the mistake he made tn drawing the word. Much more good , have been secured without the ingle Life, and the prospects of pacification ould bave been brghter. Unfortunately the bad feelings of human nature have been atirred up by this strife, and it is difficult to say into what excesses certain turbulent epirits may be betrayed. The London Times of she samo day obscrves:—Fogland bas no thought of at Oborbourg, or Brest, or Tor lon. The thing is not imagined. Who, indeed, is there to imagine ft? hat head entertains such a project? The sovereign who wished it would soon give place to a regent. The Minister would cross the floor of the House. The member would lose his seat. Franco, it is too evident, does entertain such echemes, and nas heads that can plan them and carry them out. The London Times of the 20th of July has the follow- ing:—There aro offences which a government cannot par- don, even if it should be go inclined, and neither Leopold TI, (of Tascany) nor his son could ever bo heartily recon- ciled to the persons who have borne a leading part in cele- brating rather than in procuring their dowafall. The dy nasty of Leopold II. cannot be thrust back upon the Tuscans, save by force of arms. Whether this force will be ex- eried we cannot ag yot say, forat the present moment the condition of Central Italy is the problem of Europs. The same paper remarks:—The anti slavery peoplo must be very hard put to for an object on which to expend their philanthropical pity, if they are obliged to take the colle, The ‘poor coolle”’ is a very indifferent cry, and they will find that sensible people will receive very differontly a re- monstrance and protest against a gros, unnatural system, which slavery is, and an opposition to a plain law of Pro- vidence, which dictates that the empty portions of the world shouid be supplied by the repiete ones, and that the places where labor ove: flows and cannot get employment ehouid fill the void in piaces where labor is scanty. This attempt to get up an anti coolie cry, and convert a volun- tary laborer into a slave, is a groas perversion of a phi- lacthropical mission. We find the following in the London 7imes of the 20th ult :—The arrangement which it ie competent for Aus- tria and France to make, as regards the territory at their disposal, and whatever else they cam do, may be done very sbortiy indeed, It will constitute part of what is called ‘the actual state of things in Italy,” and of course it will bo neoetaary that the Powers invited to confor upon that state of things should know all about the terms of peace. Then comes the further business, which may be underteken this year or the next, by fite Powers or by more—viz : tho eettlement of Italy. A Paris correspondent of the London /ivrald says:— Experimenta are cow going on at Vincennes with a view © wscertain Low far tne sides of aship cawed in iron plates a withstand the uew conical projectiles employed in rifled ordnance. 1 am assured that after repeated: it haa been discovered that ships could be made who'ly invuluerable J must, however, take the oppor- tunity of remarking that these experiments regarding the vuinerabiity of ships gre uever very conclusive wea carried on on terra firtna. The London Herald of the 27th of July Yester- day morning, at nine o'clock, signal was made “Channel *quadron in sigbt,”’ and at ten the vessels rouaded the Nab tight in the following order:—Royal Albert, 121, crew; Algiers, SI, screw; Hero, 91, screw; James Watt, 91, screw; Emerald, 51, screw; Fiying Fish, 6, screw? and Pioneer, 6, screw. It afforded # great treat to the old’ “salis’? to sce these splendid sbips under canvass, andthe way in which they were handled showed that our British ‘ars bave not degenerated, Thousands of visitors crowded the raw parts and sea beach to witness the natn. ral buiwarks of Oid Eogland working up to their anchor- nge at Spithend, The Lonaon 2¥mes remarks:—Not on)y has France at full command, and within twenty-five miles of our shores, 400,CCO raco, with the African Zouaves and Turcos within hail, bet she ip also etraining every nervo to create a fleet whieb, if brought to bear upon our home waters at sn unexpected moment, would enable her to throw « large portion of this great Iand force upon our shores. We humbly submit to our powerful neighbor that those sre circumstances Which are calculated to inspire some. dirgsaunde, ‘the Paris correspondent of the London Herald writes:— Tt Js to be hoped that England will not allow herseif to be 4 into security by mock dit Sabs were loud in their assertions that France, not baving ,could zol be called upon to digarm. ‘If there is ally DO aggressive intentions againet us on the part of ‘#uoe, the fact of our leaving our wealthy coast wholly unprotected rnight suggest them, don Zimes, in ite city article of the 29th of Juiy, The allegation in the Moniteur that our expenditure ents for 1860 will exceed that of France by be- tween £7,(00,C00 and £8,000,000 is seen to be worthless tor any purpores of argument, France being already pre- pared while England has to make up for the past negiect, Morcover, lac higher relative cost of an Euglish, as com- pared with a French army and navy, bas to bo taken into secount, and also the facts that about £3,000,000 of our out- jay is on colonial purposes, and more than 21,000,000 for the packet rervice. A Yaris correspondent of the London Star says:—There is stl the eamo inyetery hanging over the doings of Gari- Vaoldi, although news was received of him yesterday. By the letter T allude to the General had been admitted toa Jong interview with La Marmora, during which a tromen- dour a'tercation took place; but all differences thust have calmed down, however, for Garibaldi’s first act after tho interview wan to assemble his soldiers and make them re~ new their oath to Victor Emanuel. Who is the dupo in all this complication of affairs? Who ig knayo? For it is perfectly cloar that every one engaged thorein must be either the ono or the er. It does seem strange that amongst all theeo flery patriots not one has been found to proteet against the sudden maoner in which the bridle has deen put upon their necks by the will of two men, both « brolute In their government. A Marseilles correspondent of the London Times remarks on tho Janding of a ship loaded with woundod men from Italy:—Tho appearance of the poor fellows presented the reverse to the medal, and was most painful sight, even although the worst cases—where limbs have been tated—were not seen, Somo had their arme othera hobbied on crutches, and all showed traces of re- centeuffering, It was remarked that a mt proportion belonged to Imperial Guard, The conclusion, from @ look at the ‘wounda, is, that, after all, conical balls pro ‘sice lous danperous gunshot wounda than the ordinary * hore al one, sinco, whenever the first meet an obate “Wo, except fg mtike with tho apex, they deviate from. ict? coarse «matend of smashing tiie bons, an brough the fleany part of tho body. erie Bian The Paris Debate of the 26th of Yaty Ths British governmont seins dispored 44 take part, sf it finds {the opporvunity, ina Earopes:, Congress c to oxamide tho preuimiparies of sao poagy of Villatrance, The ministry ae