The New York Herald Newspaper, August 4, 1859, Page 1

WHOLE NO. 8368. NEWS FROM EUROPE. ARRIVAL OF THE PERSIA. Our London, Paris, Berlin and Heidel- berg Correspondence. -The Peace of Villafranca the Topic of Europe. The Details of the Treaty Not Yet Known. INTENSE EXCITEMENT IN ITALY, WILL THE POPE ACCEPT THE PRESIDENCY? Threatening Clouds Over Eng- land and France. THE PROPGSED CONFERBNCE AY ZURICH. SARDIBIA BOT TO BE REPRESENTED. Important Debates in the British Parliament. ATTITUDE OF GERMANY. ‘WHERE ARE THE REVOLUTIONARY LEADERS, &o., &0., ‘ko. The Cunard steamship Persia, Capt. Judkins, which lef, Liverpool at 1:30 P. M. on Saturday, the 23d ult., arrived ‘mt this port early yesterday morning. ‘The screw steamship Kangaroo, “apt. Jeffrey, from Liverpool at 2 P, M. on the 20th of July, and Queenstowa, Ireland, the next day, arrived at this port also yester- @ay morning. The Bridgwater (Eng.) Mercury eays a gentleman of ‘that town has received a letter from M. Simonvi, who re- ently quitted England for Italy with Louis Kossuth, as aide-de-camp to the ex-Governor of Hungary. M. Swmonyi, in common with his compatriots, strongly de- ounces the manner in which Kossuth aad the Hunga- wiang bave been befooled to serve the purposes of the French Emperor, ‘The advices by the Persia are two days later. A grand banquet had been given in London to Mr. Charles Kean, on his approaching retirement from the management of the Princess theatre. The Duke of New- castle presided. There were about 600 people at the ban. quet, including many distinguished men. ‘A public meeting was about to be beld in Liverpool, at ‘the cail of the Mayor, to enable the Hon. James Stuart Wortley, the chairman of the Atlantic Telegrapn Compa- ny, to explain the position and prospects of that under- taking. The fortifications of Dover were about to be enlarged, at an cotimated cost af £150,000. A report was current in Paris that the English Ministry had inquired how long the French troops were te remain im Italy. It te stated that the number of spies employed in Paris has been doubled since the peace, and that there has not been such wholesale seizures of English journals in Paris since the coup d'état. A despatch from Brescia announces the death of the Buke of Abrantes (son of the famous Marshal Junot), who was wounded at Solferino, Hoe had his thigh ampu- tated and died soon afterwards. He was chief of the staff of one of the divisions of the French army. From the Danubian principalities we learn that a con- epiracy against Prince Milosch and his son Michael had ‘been discovered at Belgrade, They were to have beca ewassinated on the llth of July. The conspirators are ex-ministers and senators,and the Prince had declared hhis intention to put them to death, notwithstanding a formal protest from the Porte against his doing so. The steamship Bremen reached Liverpool on the 21st of Jaly, and the steamship Glasgow Edinburg on the 224. ‘The steamzhip Arabia arrived at Liverpool at 1:30 P. M. on Saturday, the 23d of July. Our London Correspondence. Lonvon, July 22, 1859. ‘The Condition of England—She has No Army nor Military Leaders—Dangers to England of the Coburg Family, c., de, ‘We shall soon have an opportunity of seeing whether or met Louis Napoleon is a moderate man. ‘The unseemly and grasping ambition of the Ooburgs bas forced him toabandon Italy. He is full of natural resent- ment against us. We take this oocasion to speak of him ‘rough the colamns of the whole press in the most scan dalous and shameful way. The deluded people, unrepresented and purposely kept im ignorance, fancy that there can be no danger from France. We have only 50,000 troops in England, and if ‘we had more, we have not 10,000 stand of arms. For ‘these we have no commandere, the Court having syste- matically discarded the brave and promoted the coward. ‘Bir Colin Campbel}, who hates and scorns the Prince Con. ort, was exiled to India. Sir Wm. Codrington, who skulk- ed out of fire in a ditch at the Redan, is put in high com. mand. Admiral Keppell, the Nelson of the day, was re called from Chins. The Hon. Charles Elliott, who fled diagracetully from the Russians, and who the naval pro feesion “‘cut’” as a rank coward, is promoted and gets the Bath, because he is the son of Lord Minto and the brother. in-law of Lord John Rusgell. And this state of things ex. iat, and the abuse continues, although Louis Napoleon gould, if he liked, put 200,000 men in London in three ‘You may posibly hear news of this country during the Our Paris Correspondence, Paris, July 21, 1859, The Victor of Solferino at St. Clowd—His Reception by the Empress—Affection of the Prince Imperial— Divine Ser- wice in the Royat Chapel—Rejoicings in the Metropolis ‘Mixed with Duappointment—Impotency of the War— Vacilating Opinions—Progressive Movement Towards an Attack Upon England—The Clouds in Ialy—Napoleon as BPrismer and Emperor—Fleury's Mission to the Austrian Bmperor—Prancis Joseph Aroused from Sleep—The Em prror’s Surprise and Fleury’s Soft Sawder—The Iwo Em- werors at Villafranca—The British Ambassador—His Avwiety to be Recalled—French Occupation of Naly— Bacitement in Piedmont—The French Fleet Before Venice— The Yacht Phantaste—The Vienna Press on the Peace— The Prussian View—Absication of the Empress Regent— Becegtion of the Legislative Bodies—Address to His Ma Sesty—Hngland the Carthage of France—Danger ‘Looming én the Distance”—The Deep Designs of Napolcon—Th: Money Marke—The Conference at Zurich—Intense Fur Against the Grand Duke in Tuscany—Orsini’s Partra t BFung Side dy Side with Napoleon's—Naly Bitterly Odrsing he Lately Honored Liberator—The French Police the Saviour of Napoloos from Milanese Assassination—Confis- cation of English Newspapert—The New York Herali Prohibited—The Milanese Demand a Distinct Flag from that of Piedmont—Dissatisfaction Among the French Soldiers tn Raly—The Weather in Paris—»Steam Ploughs, de., de. The victor of Solferino i once more under the shadow of his imperial palace. Napoleon III. reached St, Cloud yos- fterday morning at ten o'clock. His Kmpross laid down her regent’s sceptre, and, like « simple, true hearted, af- fectionote wife, was standing with her little child at the gate of We park to welcome home her husband from the wars, Priace Murat, Gen. Rolin, Count Tascher do In Pagerio, M. Mocquard, tho Emporor’s private secretary, fand others were in a;‘endanoe, but the reception was Toes ono of state than of dowestic endearment, Napoloog ‘Was dromed in the uniform of a general of ¢tvision, with ‘the Kopi. His features were breazed by exposure te the wun of italy, but he looked hale, strong, amd more iithe- some than useal in his motions. Rouad the iron railing whigh encloses the park # considerable crowd was col lected, which expressed its feeling in lead acclamstioas. ‘The meeting of the Emperor and Empress was full‘of ten- derness, Her Majosty threw herself into his arms, and Napoleon kissed her again and again; thea turning to fie Uutsle Prince Imperial, clothed in a picturesque represea- tation of the uniform of the Guard, and who, had possibus equis, had wandered up by the sido of his imperial mother, ‘the Emperor caught him up and embraced him as only a father does embrace his child. Tho little fellew twined bis arms around his siro’s neck and. seemed never tired of re- turning the kisses he received. I: was @ sight which ‘could not fail to entail the sympathy of all who witacssed it, and many a stern looking man, albeit unused to the melting mood, was seen with a moisture in his eye. ‘Together with the Emperor arrived Gen. Fleury, Gén, Ney, Prince de la Moakowa, and several of his.orderly officers. After exchanging the most friendly salutations with ail, the Emperor and Empress and the Prince Imporisi drove on to the Palace, soon after which his Majesty reseived the Princes and Princesses of the imperial family. At 12 o’clock all the Imperial household attended diviac service im the royal chapel, after which the. Ministers were ad- mitted to pay their respects. Ever since the emnouncement of peave Paris hat been decorated in all her public thoroughfares with garlands and with the banners of France and Sardinia, among which may frequently be seen the'flag of the United states, «| with ite stars and stripes. At night partial iiluminstions ave added to the festal character of the city, aad @ stranger suddenly arriving would be struck with the ap. parent unanimity of congratulations which prevailed. It ig not, however, all gold that glitters. Thereis no doubt that many are grievously disappointed at what they believe a most lame and impotent conclusion to the fearful slaughter which the last two months has witnessed. Those who dreamed ef Italy resuscitated—of Italy united according to its geographic cenfiguration—a unity of race, of manaers and laws—are sadly put out. Pledmoat, as the treaty of ‘Villafrance leaves it, orfor anything the subsequeat mzet- ing at Zarich will accomplish, is a poor contrast to that Piedmont situated between the Adriatic and the Mediter ranean, which was to embrace Venetia, with Lombardy, the duchies of Parma and Modena, the grand duchy of Tuscany, the Legations and the Marshes, with a popula- tion of fourteen million inhabitants, the finest couusry of Europe. Many are disposed to see in the sudden peace a feebleness of purpose little creditable te the Emperor, a ‘want of confidence dishonoring to France; others again are disposed to view matters in a far more philosophical spirit, According to these last the Emperor has acted wel! and wisely; he has fired a shot betwixt wind and water, the result cf which cannot but redound to the honor and greatness of France, He has thoroughly taken the wind out of the sails of Prussia, and in checking Austria has succeeded in making her the sworn friend of Fraace. In thus alienating from her Austria, in isolating Prussia, who will one day have, like Russia and Austria, to experience the calibre of the Emperor’s new artiliery, he is by slow and stealthy steps preparing for that grand collision which will be the crowning glory of his reign— the humiliation of England. Like the psather, the Empe- ror has only retirca, it is said, to make a more tremendous spriog. Added to these gpeculations there ia, too, an ever increasing faith in the extraordinary good fortues of the man—in the belief that a slow policy isin bis instaoce certain to bear fruit, and that be is an instrument in the bands of Heaven, proving that God does realy hover over France. Whaiever ciouds of disappointment may gather and burst in Italy, 1 incline to think, from ail I near, that the Emperor will meet with speedy absolution at home, He bas done what, after all, France most cared about—ho bas shown what an overpowering force she can put forth, what indomitable [apres her army cousists of, what military resources he himself is possessed of to direct her legions to glory and conquest, and finally, he has shown what unanimity and repose caa be exhivited by the French people when a great national onject is before them. ‘The brooding, carping spirit engendered by the peace in England and Prussia is specially cited to point out the saga- aity of the Emperor. ‘ith what an air of romance is the whole of this great event invested, is this singular being, who, @ fow short years ago, was aku!iing from his prisoa with ssbots on his feet, @ plank oa his shoulder and a blouse on hig back, on the front of the world’s stage and deciding the fate of mankind by a whisper. “Come hither, Fleury,” says he, suddenly summoning that attached friend of his exile to tne council chamber, where himself and the bag Sy Sardinia, with a most glum look, were sitting, ‘‘ take letter across the lines to the Emperor of Austris, I wanta suspension of arms. I want peace. There are few I could send on such a mission, and I bave need of all the wonted urbanity of our character to insure the accomplishment of my wishes. We hold Austria in our hand; we might soon be at Vienna, but we prefer to have Austria for our friend. Imprognate Fetal with my ideas, and make them agreeable to the peror of Austria.” ‘In half an hour Fieury is en route, and an hour before midnight the young Emperor of Aus- tria is awakened from his slumbers by the inteili- gence that the most intimate friend of the Emperor of the French is below with a letter for he Majesty; and now Austria’s proud monarch and Fleury—once, it is said, a haberdasher in the Faubourg St. Antoine—stood face to face., The Emperor’s astonishment on reading the migsion wag indeed great; it almost looked like a de- vice to ensnare him. But Fleury spoke well and frankly; he disguised nothing: “Our army,” he said, ‘is prepared: our fleet covers the Adriatic—we are ready to challenge the fortune of war; but we know the distant complications that are ready to burat; it is to avoid all this—it is to spare the blood of brave men—it is in the hope of insar- ing the friendship of your Majesty, that I am sent to de- mand this armistice.”’ We may be sure the Emperor did not need much persuasion. Fieury, for form’s sake, waa to wait till eight o’clock the following morning, and then we find him on his way back to his imperial master, with his success in his pocket. And again the scene changes. Ina small room at Villa- franca, furnished with @ green covered table and two solitary chairs, a bouquet of flowers and a bundle of cigarettes, are seated the two Emperors, Not a soul is with jm; and there, like Fitz mes and Roderick Dhu, they incline side by side. The faithful Fleury guards the antechamber, the Imperiat Council chamber is hermetically sealed, whilo two men—monarchs if you will, but mortal like ourselvee— determine thus the. fate of the world. Two hours after they emerge from their solitary council; all care is banish- ed from their brows, and the armed myriads without—for such without a figure they are—behold the arch foes of Solferino walking arm in arm in all the confidence of inti mate Hearty To-day the Emperor has an interview with Lord Cowley, the British Ambassador. Count Walewaki has been able toafford his lordship no information, and all that the Monileur does is to record in large type the jealousy exhi. bited by the English Parliament and Mintstry at the go by the Emperor has given them in making a peace to which they are notaparty. A growing ig is evidencing iteelf in England that Lord Cowley has beea hoodwinked by the Emperor in the matter of French armaments, and it is ‘ry the noble lord has more than once desired his recall. It 1g rumored that 40,000 troops are to bo left in Italy, to provide for all eventualities which may arise. When the preliminaries of peace are ratified at Zurich by France snd Austria, they will be shown to the Powors who signed the treaties of 1815, and their opinion invited as to the best mode of carrying out the reorganization of Italy. It is thought there will be no e Piedmontese journals do not conceal their dis: pointment at the abrupt termination of the war. V4 Florence the intelligence was so unexpected that whon the account first arrived no one would believe it; bat when doubt of the fact could no longer be entertained some disturbances took place. The despatches which had been placarded in different parte ef the city were torn down—the printing office of the Montore Goscaro was in- vaded, and all the numbers which hed been Printed and wero ready for distribution were burnt. The mob were Bireotar of fer om for havin, oe aoe lished the news, and it was aly throng iho tstrforeaoe Lat of some of the citizens and National Guard he es. caped from personal injury, and that the printing presses escaped destruction. On the following day the govern- ment addressed a , declaring that although it hae in bas dae peniey at the peace, yet any measures mt voi more detai! be waited for. Hagen mpage phen A letter from Venice of the 10th, written before the con- clusion of the peace, says:— The armistice concluded between the two armics has stopped the operations of the French fleet that assembied before this port at the moment when the vessels, sup ported by considerable reinforcements, appoarod to be on the point of commencing hostilities. Tho fleet is su posed to be cighty four vessels, of which six are lin: battle ships and ten or twolve frigates. In spite of a tropi- cal neat, all the higher pointe of Venice are covered with @ crowd watching the movement of the fleet. It is drawn out in the form of a crescent, extending from the distant forts of the Lido as far as Alberoni. But for the armistice we should doubtless havo heard the noise of the cannon either to-day or to morrow. The Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian, who married the King of tho Belgian’s daughter, Princess Chariotte, haga beautiful yacht, the Phantasie, Tho King of the Bei having declared that he had given this yaohtto his eon in- Jaw on his marriage, tho French Admiral de la Graviero allowed her to proceed to Trieste, Sho proceeded under the language of the Vi age of t! enna press on the late peace is dignified, without either boasting or despondensy. It frankly Nepnog the new situation made for Austria, and expresses with a certain degree of energy a hope that the hard lessons of oxperience will make her abandon tho old principles of government, We have lost, it says, it is true, a province, and a very fine one, but we shall become stronger. We shail now better extend the capital that remains to us; wo enall col: Ject our moral and material forces, and seek to develope them. The only elly of Austria has beon her own ple and the voico of the German States. The people aie trian baye faithfully ey'pported tho crown; nothing hag been adie to lead thom setray or hake their fiiletity. got gningto man dag faticd to revarn to din regiment, aud | of volunteors havo tlooked to take part im thoss mary combate, The lavgusge of the Prussinn journa's becomes more and more hostile to Auetria, The National dusrtie of Berlm conctudes am article on tbe peace of Villafraaca ia these terms. “The treaty which Austria has just concludes isso hami- Mating that it is difficnlt to flad aoyehing Vike i¢ to the aa naisof history. It appears toat Awéria bes preferred throwing beraelf lato the arms of Napoleon itl. to ares to take ber proper rank in Germany,” Vienna prevs gives the following unhesitating anewer to tbe above:— “When the'Emperor of Austria found that ‘the mission of Prince de Winctechgrats bad uvt secured the end desired, he resolved to come to w direct understanding with ue Emperor Napoleon. Austria deemed a direst and pro apt far better than lepg aad useless discussiogs.”” Op Tuesday evening, at 8 o’ciock, there was a recaption of the merubers of the iegisiative bodies at 3. Cioud, Bepators, deputies and memoera of the coaadl!, iu coast ‘Costume, mustered in great force {t was hike the taau gurstion of another reign, for tne Empresa bad andicated. At 8:80 their Majesties, precede? by tne Marechaux of the Palace, the high officers of Sinte, et> , entered tne Salle do Mars, where the general boties of State bad ansomnied. Tt ig needless to say that the reception they met with ab the Daudes of those bign functiooaries was entousiastic. The gilded roof, in fact, cou'd scarce suntain the volume of exclamations which assailed them. Waatever tocir private opinions as to the Emperor's policy, inese gentie- men know full well who is the sun of their plaowtary &; tem, and without his ‘ight and beat what sort of obscura- tion will soon follow? M. Tropiong, Preuideot of the Senate, then stepped for- ‘ward aud adurersed bis Majesty. Tue Mmueur gives you the opsissima verba, “Your Majeety bas void us vost i¢ is Recaure French interests, which hid commence't tne war, BOW counselied peace, and because to cerry the ovatlict farther would exceed the legitimate cause of our tater- ‘Vention—that it is for tbie reason you have sueache? the sword, Sire—Frauce nas uaderswod this noble lan- guege,” &c.; and then after the neua! series of adulatory phrases, M. Tropiong adas—‘ Waoen Scipio nai congaeret Havaibul, be might have destroyed Carthage; bat ne did ‘Dot think it right to do eo, although he hat uoder‘aken to break down Carthug:nian power. A prudent politician, a8 well as an able geveral, he knew that it frequeatly Deppens that a man ruins bimeeif in injuring his euemy too much.” Now, it is very certain that M Troplang has expressed in this address the form agd shape ia waicn public opia: ton in France, notwithstanding the shook it fir ig eiowty but surely assuming. fie afluston Wao, in this respect, & haopy one, as it begias already to be applied, not only wo Aostria, but to anotber Power, whicb, from time immemorial, has ever been the real Carthsge of France—namely, Engiand. No doubt great disappointment is felt at a peace #pich would seem to leave Italy in @ worse state than whea the war degac; but gravudily the sympathy in Italy is beco-ntng absorbed ia ‘the magnificent aspirations wuich as yet—to use Mr. Disracli’s famous phrase—only ‘!oom in the distance,” but which recent events bave given a life and reality to, aud which the most sanguine did not before believe ia. That the Emperor nas made the Emperor of Austria his own—ihat be will thus become @ coadjutor in accomplish: ing the coming greatness of France, is a conviction silent- ly taking full pogseesion of men’s minds. fhe more Na- poleon’s answer to the three addresses of M. Cropioag, M. Morney snd M. Baroche, is studied, the more does he truth stand forth, voas the briliisace which has once more been brought back to the arms of france is to ve pre- served for a wider and more patriotic purpose than the regeneration of Ital; The Emperor, his usual felicity, explains the rea- son for stopping short in his victorious career—a career woich he seems candidiy to admit might have assumed a less favorable aspect. But is it to be supposed that « mau like Napoleon, when on the first day of this year of grace he del'berateiy flupg down the gauntlet of war, had no counted the cost, or had not coutempinted the exact con. tingency he speaks of—vamety, the attivude of Germaoy apd the obstacle interposed by neutral territory? Hs 8 hen, after a successful campaign of two mouths, the French and Sardinian armies arrived ander the walls of Verona, the struggle was inevitably about to change ite character, botb in a military and political point of view. I was fatally oblized to attack in front an euemy entreached behind strong fortress sions cn bis flanks by toe neutrality of the territory which aurrounded him, and in commencing the long aud eterile war of sieges, found before me Europe in arms, ready either to dispute our succesees or aggravute our revorses.”” ‘All this is perfectly trae, only it was jast as true on the lst of January as im July. It is, therefore, plain, men , that new ideas have interposed—ideas suggested by the wonderful power developed on the part of his army. “The difficulty,” continues the Emperor, “of the uader- taking would neither have sbaken my ‘resolution nor checked the enthusiasm of my army, if the means had not Deen out of proportion with the results to be expected.’ In other words, was I to accept a struggle on the Shine, as well as the Adige, for the mere poe of Linea Austria and Ttaty, when ‘stopping short could divide Austria forever from Prasnia whenever 8 question should srise between France and thet Power. Do you not see that bit by bit Iam tearing to shrods the trea- ties which disgraced you in 18:5. If I stopped short it was neither from lasstude nor from exhaustion, nor from abandonment of the novle cause I wished to serve, but because in my heart there was something which spoke ‘stul more loudiy—the interest of France. Do you think it Cost me nothing to check the ardor of those soidiers who, flushed by victory, ouly asked to bs led forward? Do you suppose that it was not painful to me to openly strike out before Europe from my programme the territory which extends from the Mincio to the Adriatic? D> you im- agine that it cost me nothing to see in ho- neet hearts noble illusions destroyed ani patriotic hopes extipguishec? “To serve the cause of Italian indepen. dence I made war, contrary to the wish of Earope: 80 soon asthe destinies of my country could be endangered I made . This last phrase has been closely criticised. It is plain, then, that the Emperor bad counted the cost, that he knew that Europe would be opposed to bim, and that the victory of Solferino did not enlarge his conviction in this respect. Something else, however, it did do: it showed him how it might be renderea @ most invaluable instru ment in sugmenting the grandeur of France, which was of infinitely groater tmportance than aggrandizing the power of Sardinia, “Thus, after having given a fresh proof of the military power of France, the peace which [ have just concluded will be fruitful in happy rosul's. The future will every day reveal them more and more for t fr ses of Italy, the influence of France and of Europe.” The money market looks heavy, though no sensible re. tregression bas taken place on the aavance which the an- Douncement of the armistice, and subsequently of peace, produced. The three per cents are at 68f. The Pienipotentiaries fixed gn for the meeting at Zarich are,for France Baron de Bourqueney, aud for Austria Count de Coilaredo. The Sardinian Plentpotentiary is not Ped determined. Prince Esternazy is expected here from ienna. A letter which I have just received from a friend at Lucca assures me that the fury in Tuscany about the return of the Grand Duke is intense. The inhabitants declare they will burn palace and fo: ere they will submit to such humiliasion. Everywhere the portrait of Orsini is being hawked gbout, side by side with that of the Emperor, and curses deep and loud are heaped upon the Imperial liberator of yesterday. At Milan, without the greatest precautions on the part of tne French police, which were placed about in all directions, it is firmly be- eved he could not have escaped assassination. Since his Majesty’s return to Paris less fear has been shown of ad- mitting the Engligh journais; but singe the announcement of the peace, until Tuesday last, the 19th, the confiscation of newspapers coming from the other side the Caannei has been on a wholesale system. Thies days out of four the London Times never reaches me. Last wack the weekly Hxratp, from New York, was also prohibited. What sins have you been committing? A Genoa letter says:—The Milanese demand a King of their own, distinct from Piedmont. What will they say when they must assist in freeing Piedmont from the floan- cialembarratemonta engendered by the policy of Count Cavour. Almost on the eve of the armistice Prince de Carignan, brother of the King of Sardinia and Regent of the kingdom, disposing without ceremony of the resources of a country of which tho destinies was not decided, im- posed the additional tax of what is called “the decims,”” and declared that it should be exacted at once, even in Provinces recently annexed. The Sardinian government will have to exercise extraordins prudence if it hopes to retain what the fortune of war has given it. The Imperial Guard will arrive at Milan on the 25th. Other divisions of it will arrive the st after. The va- rious corps their steps over the localities they had rendered famous by their victories; and though gisd. to return to their beloved France, still, it is gaid, a cor- tain feeling of dieappointment ganer pervades the army at finding its work go summarily cut short. Every one bad mage his provision of devotedness for an indefinite ol no one was yet satiated with victory; and such the nature of man that when he has looked forward to long and arduous task, attended with vicissitudes of all sorts, and has screwed up his courage to the height of his enterprise, tho vary unexpectedness of the success which meets him at the outact luces an indednadle sentiment of melancholy, which Teason repels but which all his efforts cannot entirely throw off. The heat of Paris is quite unprecedented. No one walks who can rido; but omnibuses are few, and of these the unfortunate cattle are so exhausted that it is only under the torture of the whip that they can keep their time. These public conveyances are iu the bands of administra- tors licensed by government, and the public convenience ie much less fo tod tee the omolument of there contractors. ere in not half enough suppl; the deman ‘d. 7 ough supply for morrow a competition between steam ighs is to take place at Foutlleuse, his Majesty’s amnee Cload; ‘and Napoleon, to show how truly he has converted his sword into a pitchfork, or any other agricultural instru- ment, has promised his Neges to be present. Our Berlin Correspondenee. Berum, July 20, 1869. The Peace of Vitlafranca and the Prussian Army of the Rhine—The Breach Between the Two Leading German Condition of the Prussian Army—Efforts to Form an Alliance Between England, Prussia and Russiq—The Conference at Zurich, de. “Grim visaged war has smocthed his wrinkled front,”” The two rival Emperors, after fraterniaing at Villafranga, havo returned, the one to Taxenbourg the other to St, Cloud; the official organs of Paria aro bandying compli. ments with the official organs of Vienna, and a visit of “Monsiour Louis Bonaparte” to the ancient capital of the Kaiserg is seriously talked of, The Austrian and Prussian withdrawn their re motions for calling cut the whole federal contia- Place an army @{ observation on the Rhine; principalities of Germany are disbanding their ‘men each, the enaace & which was fou) @ievous 8 tex upen their foancial resources; tae freops that were already on the foate to the beon siopped in traasity, and the Prince wages bes addrested a proclamation to his citizen sol- prone ah them for the promptitade with which they renee to his call, and intimating that in consequence of th@@adden conclusion of peace thelr services will e000 be with and permitsion granted them to return tof Domes aad families, In a word, everything Peace, and with the exception of slaugatered q ads, ruined cities, devastated fields and villages, aod Iporemse of debt, scarcely a vestige remalus Of the tremendous stroggle that only a few days since Barope. And yet, in spite of all these pacific and demonstrations, a gencral feeling of uo. /prevaile—a sense of danger and insecurity more intepee than when every hour was fraught with ramors Of ‘wikody combats and obstinate sieges. Even the ‘Bourge, which usually confines ite thoughts to the pre- nent, and aliows the future to take care of itself, seems alafiiied a the porteatous calm that has 80 unexpectedly sucoeeded the din of battle, and is rapidly uwaxening to ‘Ahe-opnvistion thet the pretended peace is nothing but 8B armed truce. It is not so much the intelligence re- ceived from Italy, showing as it does the disgue} which the treaty of Villafranca nas excited among the popula- tion, and opening « prospect of freah complications in that Quarter, that has produced this uncomfortable feeling, as ‘the new light it throws upon the character of tne French Emperor, which raises to afeveriah heiga: the suspt- cions always entertaiped of the secret designs of that mys- terious personsge. ‘The first effect of the recem war, and oue that must be exceedingly welcome to, as it was unquestionably foreseen Dy, Louis Napoleon, is the total breach it has occasioned between the two leading German Powers, Austria and Prusia. “Deserted by my natural allies,” exys the £m peror Francis Joseph in his manifesto, “‘I xm constrained to yield to political necessity.” It, will be recollected that in.a former address of the Austrian monarco, issued on the day when he ordered Gyulai ,to crose the Ticino, he informed his people that ‘‘he shauid no, be withont allies tm the approaching contest,” and his disappolotment is ed to the confidence with which he reck. ‘oned upon their co operation. An alliance with Pruseia, it ‘was thought, wouid lead sooner or later to a similar con nection with 'Englaod; and thouga the fete of the Derby mipistry ought to bave dissipated such hoves, they con- tinued, nevertheless, to be indulged m by the Austrian Cabinet, and their uittmate failure is meiply ascribed to the backwardness, vaciliation or jealousy of Prussia By all accounts from Vienna, the Oourt are furious agains! this country, and would go any lengths to wreak their en- grance upon it; the censors of the press are instructed t al Loww the most violent articles to be published against the Prus- sion gowrnment, apd even the Imperial peace mauiferto contains @ covert threat, the army belog told that the Ewperer reties upon their valor ‘in fatare conflicts.” If, therefore, Louis Napoleon should think proper to assume a hostile attitude towards Prussia; if he rhould seize upon the warlike preparations she has recently made, and which were evidently directed et bim, as ap excuse for picking a quarrel with her realizing the idées Nppolem in respect to the natural pesition of the Rhine, he may depend upon flading 8 zealous coadjutor in Austria, although it wag in the in- terest of that Power that those very preparations were vndertaken which woutd afford him a pretext for noati- Iities. Conriderations of gratitude have never restrained Austrian gtatesmen, andin the preeent instance they re- believe that the injury inflicted upon them by not having done cbough is far greater than tae they have derived from what sue bas actually done. That they would not have rushed into war unless they bad heen pretty well assored of Prussian support appears extremely probable, and although no detlaite pro- mises were given or positive engagements contracted by this government, there is no denying that the laoguage held by Ministers and by the ministerial party in and out of the Chambers was calculated to strengthen the at little comformable to her anticipations, fact, ber resentment is so exoeesive that there would be a chance of ber coming to an oven rupture with Prussia, Shbost waiting for a difficulty to spring up be- een ed, Wacom ber tienes cokes were foundations, and would probably bave overturned it if contioved a Sew months longer. It ‘was, arove all, the state of feeling in Hun; and the a of Kossuth in the French camp, bumbled the traditional pride of the burgs ‘the poleon that, if they did nat accept the olive branch held out to them now, he would Jet loogs the Eo eo Agitator among his countrymen, id then be no longer in a position, even though he still had the wish, to prevent the dissolution of their monarchy. ‘The Prince Regent of Prussia and his government are not ignorant of the exasperation felt against them by Austria, nor are they blind to the dangers in which they would de involved by an entente cordiale between that vin- dictive State and their formidable Western neighbor. Ua- der these circumstances it is their obvious poiicy to form ‘8 coalition with Russia and Eogiand, and I understand that the answer returned by Russia, whose intentions were always considered most doubtful, evinces greater readi ness to enter into the views of this Cabinet than is ma nifested by England. But the events of the two last wars have ehown how perilous it is for a country to rely upon foreign aid, how apt ite old- eat ard trustiest allies are to fall off when their aesistance is most needed, and how absolutely it has to dependin case of attack upon the extent of itsown re. ftources and the attachment of {ts own people. This lesson, it is hoped, will not be lost upon the Prussian govern- ment. Hitherto their measures have been characterized by the same ill success that has attended their external policy for the last forty yoars; the mobilization has cost twenty-eight millions without leading to any of the resalis that were contemplated; but this sum, large as it is, will not be sbtirely thrown away if it opens their eyes to the glaring and fatal defects of their military system, and to the flagrant abuses tbat prevail in the administrative de- it. AS I have stated more than once, the organiza- lion of the Prussianarmy, while subjecting the people to tae greatest possible amount of inconvenience, is wholly ineffi- cient for all practical purposes. Three months have clapsed since it was placed on the war establishment, and more than a month eince it was‘ mobiized,” and yet i¢ wis 80 utterly wanting in everything that is requisite for a cam paign, that if the French had taken the initiative, the Duke of Malakoff would probably have marched across the Rhine: withou meeting an enemy. The soldiers are all recruits, and the superior officers all invalids, and there is such a dearth of leaders that old Marshal Wrongel, a veteran of seventy-six, who in his younger days was not very bright, and is now quite superannuated, bad actually been ap pointed Commander-in Chief—an astounding fact, which the public, fortunately for their peace of mind, were only apprized of when the prospect of his being employed in active operations had disappeared. General Benin, the Minister of War, long been anxious for a complete reorganization of the army, and ospacially of the landwebr system, which, though it answered well enough in 1813, is unsuitable to the present state of miii- tary tactics; and we may presume that tho Prince Re- gent, after the experience he has now had of its defi- Giencies, will cease to oppose the reforms advised by his ablo Minister. Is is still uncertain whether the preliminaries of peaco ‘will be confirmed by a Congress of the great Powers, or whetier the belNgerents wit! conclude the deflaitive trea ty tétr d téte, a8 they did the provisional arrangement. Ac- cordisg to the time honored usages of international law, the agent of the Powers who guaranteed the treaties of 1815 vould be required for a settlement that so osgentiaily modifes the basis on which these treaties were founded; but row-a-days the ancien! forms are not adhered to so scrupalously as they used to be, and it is a question whe- ther Logiand and Prussia will be particulariy dealrous to affix iheir signatures to a document that establishes an Ttaliaa confederation under the honorary presidency of hit Holiness the Pope. Austria, too, is avorse to a Oop; where she would have four votes—those of Engiaod, Russia, Prussia and Sardinia—against her, and only me—her quondam enemy, France—in her favor. On th) other band, Louis Napoleon is, or pretends to be, anxiow for tbe co operation of the neutral Powers, and will, t is said, invite thelr representatives to meet his ere and those of Austria on ‘the margia of ’a blue waters,” where the work of éplomacy, 80 happily inaugurated at Villafranca, is to be finally termi- nated. Some persons are of opinion that if this pacific meeting really takes place, it will lead to anything but fic results; that it will only serve to aggravate the dif. ferences’ between the rival Powers, and precipitate a breact which, iu the natural course of events, must on- sue at no very distant period. Our age is go prolitic in strang) occurrences that it is impossible to tell what may yet happen, and et would assuredly be no reason to be a Con, met to n ral pesee i bo tho signal for tho outbreak ot » Sens, ral war. — Our Heidelberg Correspondence. Heweruera, July 18, 1859, The Effect of the War—Armistice and Peace in Germany— Prusia Outwilled—Animosity to. Napoleon—Indignation Againt Austria—Popalarity of Napoleon with the Gatho- lics—The Lovely Town of Heidelberg in Baden, de., dtc. The saying that the present is a fast age has, during the few weeks just past, received a most striking realize tion. Not three months ago tho civilized world was startled, not to ray absolutely awed, at the declarations of war by two of the “ great Powers” of Earope, involving, ag was thought, not only tho rights of a paople, occupiers of the soil of, and descondanss from, that one Iaperial ‘wistrers of tho globe, but also the quiet and Inviolability Of nations, far and near, connected or unconnected with the pewnte at issue. Look for a moment at the magnitude of tee events so quickly following. Armies numbering Dundreds of thousands have been raised, and, with their Taunitions of war, transported long distances from toeir own conutries to the land where lay tae scone of the ter ritie drama about te be enacted; invasion, followed by expulsion, and invasion in tarn, rendered feasible by those memorable days of glory and shame, in which, at the expense of the blood of « hundred aud twenty taou. sand brave men, the already familiar worde—Montebelio, Magenta and Solferino—were first coined to blaze on his- tory’s broad psge; the raising, marching and counter. marching of enormous armies, aad the building of tower- ing fleeta by every veighboring Power, in order to be prepared for doy and all of war’s eventualities; followed first by a truce, and then a peace; with the homeward moves of the respective combatants, coming in to sud. denly upon all these rapidly progressing, enomy-defying preparations, as to set secretaries and statesmen agog with wonder and surprise, perhaps not unmingied with a spark or 80 of vexation, at finding their estimates and pre- dictions so completely floored. ‘The shortness of time elapsed, and the immensity of the accomplishments, to many may seem like the reading or an Eastern tale, but im reality are nothing more thana strong confirmation of the saying I commenced with, that we live ina fastage. That the full weight of those few words may be fully appreciated, it is necessary to glance at what the regults would have been in tbis one instance bad not one of. the combatants understood their force and taken advantage of the fact accordingly. Turin would have been plundered, the campaign extended into the malaria season, and indefinitely longer, with no com- mensurate benefits, while “grim death” would have in- voked his powers, and, on the burning plains, amid the reeking Jagoons of those hot climes, id have eat en- throned a common and invulnerable Had Austria's rulers comprehended their importance, she very lisciy ‘would still bave been mistress of her Italian provinces intact, and her gallant young Emperor been spared the tears shed at Soiferioo. It seems hardly credibie that only six weeks ago 1 saw the proud and brave Austrian Broperor leaving Vienna for the head of his army, aud ‘that se soon be shou!d have suffered such severe reverses, only to return to bis proud capital a mere shadow of that myth of splendor and grandenr which surrounded him, and Icoked #0 like real strepgth and greatness on the day of bis departure, but which bas proved only rottenneas ome whore intention it is to spend a summer or year in this bay of Europe, being about midway hetween and but & yw hours from the capitale—aris, Bertin ana Vien- Di—witbip @ ehort distance of the beauties of the Rhlue or the grandeurs of Switzerland: whue is own almost u: equallea beadty of situation offers still other attractions, Slog, 20 is dowe, on the banks of the Necks", Just at ths point’ where it breeks out into the bros? Rhive valley from among the romantic hills of the Odenwaid, bere assume a Seong and proportion, and afford a rare}: equalled diveretty of view, from the glisteoing Ruine and Neckar, wtib their |uxuriant aod romsntic vail feet, to the Black Forest and Hartz Mouotaias in the die- tance, with innumerable beauties lavishly strewed about on every side, while that prince of ruins—the old stands a silent, watchfal monitor of the whole, sheddiug, as it , & social, warming influence around all who come within scope of its wide | the hundreas who annually rope could be induced to revel a few summer months a the charms of Heidelberg, the only fear 1 have for their Pleasure ie that the closing of thetr wan‘on revels will be, as wine, after nearly a year’s residence, itke the * parting of lovers dear.” But # few days more, aud toen to Aei- Farewell! « word that must be and hath beea— A tound which makes us linger; yet, farewell! THE PEACE CONGRESS AT ZURICH. AUSTRIA AND FRANCE TO MEET ALONE—SARDINIA NOT LIKELY 70 BE REPRESENTED—A GENERAL CON- GRESS TALKED OF—THE NEUTRAL POWERS HUMILI- ATED. G The London Nmes publishes the fo! lowing despateh from. Venice, dated in the evening of 224 of July:— In the course of next week ihe tatives of Austria and France will meet at A Paris despatch of same date, in the London Post, says the rumor gaiped ground there that Sardinia would de cline to be represented at the meeting at Zurich. The London Post says that the period for the delibera- ticns of the European or Conference, which is to succeed the Zurich meeting, bad not been determined upon. ‘The Emperor Napo'eon is reported to be desirous of = Congress on Italian affairs, giving greater éclat to the cancelling of the treaties of ‘The Independance Belge deciares that the neutral Powers of Earope cannet submit to piay so humble a part as to gend representatives to a Congress tied up to the stipula- tions of Viliafranca. . POSITION OF GERMANY AFTER THE PEACE. OFFICIAL DEFSNCE OF PaUSsia’S POLICY—THE AKMY CONTINGENTS RESTORED TO A PEACE FOOT- apd insignificance. ‘With, if poseibie, even greater rapidity than the com- menoing scenes of the war, have the closing ones taken place. Lear bao hardly begun to comprehend the rig- nificance of the truce, nor Prussia to think what must be her aititode in any case, before peace became the teingra- phic watchword from the sunny plains of [tay to tne frozen regions of Russia, and so qaick do eveats follow that I am half inclined to doubt whether the thick fly- ing execrations of the ‘MA0s against what they call Austria’s stupidity will have fairly subsided before some- thing else will startle the beer drinking Deutscher from his Present specu ations tnto—what would perhaps be tae greatest boun to the slow acting peopie of the Father!and— & proper comprehension of the vaiue of effectiveness over matter, or, to come back to the starting point, of tne fact that nowadays the world moves fast Since the peace it is hard to teil which the Germans of this region cures the heartiest, the dummAcit, or blockbeadednees of Francis Joseph for not running the risk of losing bis ali, instesa of Lombardy alone, besides shedding the blood of yet thou sands of bis subjects, before making peace wiih 89 great a ecoundrel as Louis Napcieon, or the bicoty smpition of Napoleon Ili, which they, to a man, are confident, will next find vent in a war for the Rbevieh Provinces. The fact is, they are mad at themeelver, but are loth to own it, for getting into the fix they bave, and are begioning to feel the unpleasant- ness of. It is gradua'ly breaking through their metaphy- sicalekuils that Austria would pever have rushed tato the war as she did un ess from exterior circumstances. ‘She had felt confident of help, in case of extremities, from ber natural ailiee—the Germanic Bund Confederatioa; and that Francis Joeeph, flucing bimeeif reduced to strats, and no practical attention paid to his calis for relief, made | peace with Napoleon III. on his own terms, rather than have the war carried to an extreme, when the Band mast take part, and porsibly at that {ate hour render him some assistance, for which it would have claims upon nis gratitude in event of troubles on the Rhine—when [ aesure you, in defiance of all confederation ailiances, he ‘will not raise a finger in answer to the calis of Prussia, Itwby no means impossible that Napolean [I'., being apprised of this sentiment, wis Tle im taking sive tage of it by proposing peace, offering to leave tne Vene- tan to Austria and friends with her, | Oven at the risk of baving it said that he did not aczum. wa ped hee he io soda the ae Per aps it is not too mach to suggest © opening words of Francis Joseph at the meeting at Villafraaca, in 1859, smacked not lees of hovtility towards vacillatiag Prussia | than did the first sentence of Alexander I. at the coa far ' ference at Ti sit, in 1807, towards Eug'and; snd if £0, it is hardly to be supposed that the answer of Napoieon III. ‘was less conclusive than that of his great uncle. With what now seems will be the adjustment of Itatian affairs public sentiment, outside of Catholic circles, is very ily satisfied, if the press be taken as the criterion, Many of the French papers, and nearly all in Germany, are loud in thelr complaints and tauntings of the Emperor's violated Pledges; that after having apent so much treasure and the flowe? of his army, he ehouid leave the work half fnished, only at some future time to be redone at a fer dispropor. tionate cost. Iconfess that an Italian Confederation, under the presidency of the Pope, with the Austrians still within their much talked-of quadrilateral, is bardly to be called a liberation of Italy “from the Alps to the Adriatic,” in sc: cordance with Napoleon’s prociamations. Atno time nave I believed he would do more than to carry out what he oe to be hig intentions, uniess force1 by Prussia’s intervention, even to the least meddling with Huogary, but firmly believed he would stop with notaing snort of that. Partisans may, as they do, praise his nobie magus, nimity and moderation; but, will it not admit of a question whether the magnanimity aod moderation displayed by a conqueror be of the true sort, if, in showing it, be leaves the great and prime motive of a war, undertaken for tae ameligration of an enslaved people, unacoomplished, and in hel is apparently bopeless of a permanent adjust- ment! The megnsnimity exhibited by Napoleon Itl. in this case is entirely towgrds the Austrian Emperor; but was he not rather first bound t» exten it to bis nobie allies— the Italian patriots who rushed to his aid from every side? And has he done it? You will already have received the ‘conditions of peace” before you do this; heacs I will not detail them. How much the Venetians will be benefitted by the substituting for the rule of Francis Iceeph alone that of his and the Pope’s combined, or how far the pri rity of the inhabitants within the domain of the ‘ Confederation” will be improved by their being ‘ under the Presidency of the Pope,’”’ remains to be seen. AsTleave here in ® week ortwo for Switzerland, and ‘thence to Italy, very possibly I will be able to give you a slight notion of’ what their feelings are at being 80 uncero- moniously transferred from Emperor to Emperor, aud in turn to King, as learned from themselves. The Catholics are, of course, very generally elated to excess. Their press fairly booms with pratses of the Franch Emperor, who thus bas done for Catholicism at one stroke what its most ardent propagandists have failed in at every aod all attempts. This feeling on the part of the Cathoiics is very different from what it was afew weeks ago, when Count Cavour’s policy seemed about triumphant. fhe resignation of Cavour is, to say the leas:, significant. It shows how nearly the expectations of the Italian patriots are met. Cavour is a noble lover of his country’s liberty, and urged on tho war with all the torce of Sardinia, expecting, asdid all those patriots who followed his lead in the mater, something better than desertion at the very moment when the prize was within their grasp. Either Napoleon III. had a greater incentive at heart for conc!ud- ing peace than he cares the world should know, or he haz Proved inadequate to the task undertaken. fha; he has not emancipated Italy ‘¢ from the Alps to the Adriatic’ is cer- tain; his proclamation to the army confessed it in saying that Austria will continue in possession of Venetia. It is 8 little doubtful what these vauntings that Italy should be free meant, when right in face of them a peace js con- cluded which allows Austria not only to retain her Veno- tan provinces intact, but gives her a voice in Italian af- fairs generally by virtue of her seat in the Confederation. Certainly it cannot be meant that where Austria’s clutch Nes, there a Iamd can be free! To sum up, with ail modesty I , [cannot see that Italy’s last condition is much bet er than her first—that the wealth and hoaor of France are very materially increased—or that Sardinia, by the mere acquisition of Lombardy, is madea very ef ive barrier to either Austrian or French interference in purely Italian affairs; and surely if none of those eads have been. attained, what have been the very immense benefits of this short but bloody war? During six or seven weeks following the Ist of May, in a leisurely journey from, and return to, this city, via fort, Berlin, Vienna and Munich, I had many oppor- tunities of judging what the actual sentiments of the Ger- man people were, and found that, regardless of sect or Bex, they were unanimous in hostility to the French Emperor; and so strong was this fecling of dread and hatred thas many times it amounted nearly to freney, and Ppopuisy sulbreaks seemed to be the order of the day—as indeed they were to a slight oxtent in Mnaich—unless their rulera took immediate meagures, which the Emperor Napoleon could not but re- ‘das menacing, and hence inciine him to moderation. do not doubt but that, could the people have bad their own length of string, instead of peace today we would have beheld Austria, with the Confederation at her buck. and like enough Russia and Eogland, pitted against each other, and Heaven knows what all following in tho train Of such a state of affairs. That ncthing but the Jealousy existing between the thousand and one petty governments As to which should have tho. ascendutcy or ponmose tne supreme command, restrained the soveral rulers of the Bund from plunging into the tide of war, was casily to be feen by any one who had opportunicieg of a \ ned throatenings, waverings and bickerings. For once, how- ever, thelttvacilistions were conducive of at least tem. rary good. Pomme! Emperor Napoleon has deferred his entry into Paris until Auguat 16th, when, ina grand, triamphal style, he will entor at tue head of his returned army, in the mean- time remaining in private at St. Cloud, Prussia has dis. banded her Landwehr, and the soldiers recently withia the Confederation fortresses aro already on their home. ward march, yesterday about 3,000 having passed through end distarbed the qutot of this loveliest of Ger- n towns. Of all the cies of Gormeny I haye seen—and there are but few of rnterest I Dave not visited—Hoidelberg offers induceme juperior vo any for the headquarters of aby ING. The official Prustian Gazette contains the following:— The various erroneous opinions which have been of late promuigated as regards the objec's which Prussia had in ber endeavor for a mediation, have induced the Prussian Cabinet to address the following correctional circular dee patch to the embassies in Germiny:—'‘Oount Rechberg, immediately after bis return from Verona, said to the Prussian Ambassador at Vienna as follows:—‘ austria hag accepted the preliminaries of peace principally because the conilitions of mediation proposed by the neutral great Powers were lees favorable for Austria than those upon which the Emperor of the French desired to treat.’ fhe Emperor of Austria, in his manifesto of the 15th inat., ex- pressed bimeeif to the same effect. To the circular of Connt Recbberg, recently confided to me. a project of me- diation, said to be communicated to France by England, Was added to the conditions to which Prussia shoud have consented.” The Mainzen Journal also publishes the above pro- ject:— ‘Yon pre authorized to express most_positi th the side of Prueeia no condiions of mediation’ whatever bet been advanced, ner have any auch coming from any Power been accepted’ by ber: second. that the or ject added to the svetrian circular, and since published In the ne wap! =a entirely unknown t us. VON SOHLEANI Bertin, July 21, 1859, The Federal Council of Germany on the 2lat ultimo, Upanimous!y agreed to the proposals of Austria and Prus- sia rerpecting the restoration cf the federal contingents and fortresses to @ peace footing. IMPORTANT FROM ITALY. WILL THE POPE ACCEPT THE ITALIAN PR&SIDENCY? {From the Paris Univers, July 20.) Seme journals have already thought fit to communicate {nte}igence ae to the mode in which the sovereign Ponti hog received the offer of the title’ of President of the fuvure Italian Confederation. Some say he has refused it, others anvounce that he has almost promised to accept it. The fact is, neither the one or the other know an; about the matter. It is certain that the Pope, wao Tefured the actual Presidency in 1848 and 1849, bas not- negotiated upon this po:nt either before or during the war of 1859. The intest acts of the sovereign Poatiff prove thie beyond all doubt. With respect to the honorary presiden- cy, it is an entirely new idea, which cannot as yet have the subject of discussion. Besides any other consid- eration, one of the principal reasons whita ten years ago caured the refusal of the Head of theCnarch ll existed before the peace of Viliafranca. The Pope did not de- sire soy extension of bis temporal domains or political action, which should have for fts point of departure war between the sons of the Church and the dispos- session by means of arms of a Catholic sovereign. Doubtless overtures may have been made tothe Pope peng nn lly ag i Mey ga — no one can a to say how were re- ceived, because the latest intelligence oa Rome is anterior to the peace. They who amuse the public by reports as these should consider that without and never engages Now, nothing is more unknown ab’e to exchange a word on the subject. To resume, when People talk of the Intentions of the Chief or the Gaurets with regard t6 tho feamaey Presidency of the Italian Con- , they are Bi ving usterance to-personal appreciation or gossip. nie) me (July 16) correspondence of the London Post. ] ‘oliticians in this part of ihe Peninsula eeem inclined to Put @ good faca upon the it state of affairs, it mus} be acknowledged that ihey affect to ode at Lombardy and the other advantageous conditions tn the treaty of Villafranca merely ag an instaiment. As to the members of the government end ecclesiastics in general, bl pele Ege cpap Proved a source of great gratification, mitigated only by the idea of an Italian Confederation, even with the Pope at its Fro hal In the discussions to which the Emperor’s unexpected Proposition immediately gave riso ia the Vatican, thte Pope manifested the obstacles which be should have to encounter in assuming so Important a political position, and espesially: the conflicting duties by which he might be agitated whem questions of peace or war should become of vital i to the Omnferation. As Pope, Pio Nono ought, of course, never to make war; Dut as cbief of the Italiad Oonfedere? tion be might be required todogo. In short, from the best information I have been able tocollect, it is certain that the Coart of Rome, although surprised, is by no means displeased at receiving this offer oF political supre- macy. The Pope hae reserved his deter: inypetto, and will only declare his inteution to accept or decline the confederative position offered to him when he shall have received more exact details with to the du- ties = ee of ve office. Car Autonelli 18 not Averse, I am assured, from the plan, if reconcilable "Et cet ss cds jolinees A sh the tary of State, t6 all the foreign Fopresentatives accredited to his Court, a strong protest against the conduct of the Sardinian government in seno! the Marquis Messime d@’ Azeglio to Bologna, to foment tue military organization of that province in opposition to the legitimate govern- ment, and encouraging the revoiters, by the ce of Piedmontese troops and officers , to raise ‘and discipline new battalions. Whilst declining the dictatorship Pie Nono is eaid to be so indignant at the subalpine King that he has only been withheld from formally excommunicat- tthe wit remue ofthe Emperor Nspotn ead heel urgen mperor N¢ and tic remcnstrances of Cardinal Antonelli. en Meanwhile matters seem likely to remain as they are in the Legations, for the inbabitaats are extremely irritated ‘at the severity with which General Schmidt 8 Pera- gia, and are resolved to maistain their independence of the Papal sway. On the other hand, the government of his Holiness not the means of reduciag them vi o armés, nor is it inclined to invoke further aid from the French. The Pope's camp of observation at Poraro is still Rose aie pomnnoaioation is cut off Libor an revo! provinces and Romagna and the lo; districts of La Marca and Umbria. i THE PEACE ANNOUNCED IN THE PAPAL STATES. A Turin letter of the 19th of July, in the London Times says:—A letter from eays the writer from the open doors of pie to introduce anew her battalions. Aided by the Pope and by Napier, she will be within years the ‘sole aster ia ial . The general indigna~ Hion is indescribable. The volunteers who are march. bg upon Rimini are now 3,000 strong; from here have set out other 11,000 mep, between those of Mezzosap end otber corps; we hope that to us will unite themeeives all the patriots who have fought and shed thelr blood on Lombard piains, and we alone, with the ory of “Aovivg the valiant King Vittorio Emanuele,” we will beat the ‘Swiss bordes anu keep alive that war which it was sought to terminate with the triumph of clerical ” This is protty plain speaking, and, if deeds cor a wi'h words, which is not always the case in Tealy, it is clear thal Red lT nn deal of trouble to come, and that the King, while unwillingly acquicecing to a certain out ocpaaing "Miss pomteay oie es a ively 1 () ra Cenifederation of whlch the Pops theudd be Prestdent and Austria and Naples members. The E expression “preliminaries of peace” whea bave cccasion to speak of the Vi:lafranca stipul Ie this be true It shows a sense of the genersi unpopularity’ of tbat convention, and posaibly an inteation of important. modifications in a sense favorable to Italy, But now is Avatria to be got to consent to theve? ‘The brief agreement concluded by the two Emperors, and of which & copy signed by the other