The New York Herald Newspaper, July 29, 1859, Page 3

a i ee en Abbe Giobeté, “so fur “from the 4/ps to. the Adriatic,” stove short and throws v:p the game apparently 02 the very eve of | succe’.s, after a campaign of six weeks duration | ‘w>’.ch rivals in brilliancy even that of Napoleon L He gives Lombardy to Sardinia without the for- | tresses, which alone make it tenable; he leaves | Venetia to the tender mercies of Austria; sends yack the runaway Dukes to their Duchies; and not merely supports the Papal authority in the Lega- | tions, but forms a Federal Union of Northern Waly, with the Pope himself at its head. In thet proclamation to his soldiery, published in | the Monileur of yesterday, which, so far, is the only explanation of his altered policy given to the world, he tells them that he stopped “ only because the struggle was likely to assume proportions which were no longer in relation with the inte- rests which France had in this fearfal war.” Bow, the “interests of France” are just what they were two months ago; it is, therefore, obvious that “the proportions which the struggle was Bkely to assume” are the sole canses which have ebliged the Emperor of the French to violate the pledge which he had taken in the face of Burope. ‘The fact is that a pressure has been put upon him against which he was not strong enough to Dear up. Russia, Prossia and Great Britain were united Sgainst him. The Empress mother of the @zar, daughter of Frederick William II. of Prussia, brought her power and influence to bear to lessen the anti-Austrian feeling at St. Peters- arg, and Prussia only hung back until the necessi- ties of Austria should he so great as to enable Prussia to assume without rivalry @ position at the Ahead of the Germau Band nn Victoria, whe onal Eerope, » cdmpelled by the very deci ‘expreseion of public opinion in favor of neutrality, ‘Wo postpone the execution of her promise to assist dustria, but only to postpone it. Belong as Louis Napoleon could carry on the War without pinging on the territories of the German Confederation, there was no excuse for German interference; bot the Austrians were driven back to their position between the for- tresses of Peschiera, Verona, Mantua and Legnano, were in daily receipt of nunitious and reinforce- mects from the Tyrol, which it was an imperious mi- necessity on the French to stop, but which they Bo not stop without passing the boundaries of Iuly. That once done, the Prassians were to march onthe Rhine. Military movemevts on the Rhine would emmgorih | involve Belgyum; and then the ‘ela bugbesr of the occupation of Antwerp by the French would have been used successfally to drag the people of Great Britain inte a war in defence of tyranny and oppression. Louis Napoleos must bear the blame; but it is pot he who is alone guilty. That miserable pauper en the bounty of England Leopold, ie) of the Belgians. has been at Buckingham Palace for some weeks; an@ the Prince de Chineay, the one noble- men of whom Belgium can boast, went direct from the Paiace to Louis Nupoteon’s headquarters, where he arrived the day before the French Empe- for made overtures to Austria. What the result of all this may be no one can preted to forsee. Louis Napoleon will probably eet with a violent death at the hands ofan Italian eexgasin. One thing is certain, the German interest has triumphed; and, as our reward for submitting to be governed by a peevish and fretful German fe- wale. and that contemptible adventarer, Prince aAibert, we sve an English Queen (English and Pro- testant by act of Parliament), upholding the Pope; aod a woman, thank God, not an English woman, anpporting the woman-whi pping despot of Austria. Bat a litle more, and we shall look with hope toa french invasion as the best opportunity for ridding eurselves of the whole Coburg gang. ur Paris Correspondence. Panis, July 14, 1859. The Peace in Europe—The Emperor's Des- prtches— Rejoicing in Paris.—French Feeling— The Italian Oonfederahon—A Remarkable Pamphlet— Napoleon's Proclamation—Hffect of the Treaty—Mantua and Peschiera Ceded to Piedmont—The New Italian Kingdom—The Napoleonic Policy—The Emperor's Love of Surprises— What Will Come Next ?—The Press in Frunce—The Weather, &c., &c. Events have gone on during the last fortnight with such surpassing rapidity that it is indeeda tusk of difficnity to follow them. Hardly have we drawn a long breath after the still reeking slaugh ter of Solferino, than our nerves are strung with the prospect of more bleodshed; but suddenly the scene shifts, and, as by a coup de theatre, ths two hostile armies, by common consent, pile their mus- kets, unlimber their cannon, and lay aside all in- tention of cutting each others throate for some five weeks; speculation has scarce time to open its wings and make its wonted reconnoisance than the Antelligence arrives that peace, absolute and defini- ‘tive, has been made between the two Emperors:— Vateeno, July 11, 1859. THE EMPEROR TO THE BMPRES Peece bas been sigued between the Emperor of Austria ‘end myself. The beaes agreed to are en Itallan confederation under ‘the Donorary Presisentehip of the Pope ‘he Emperor of Austria cedes his rights over Lombar- dy to the Emperor of the French, who hands them over fe the King of Sardinia. Tbe Emperor of Austria preserves Venetia, but that euntry forms an integral part of the Italian confedera- vceaeed) armiistin In these memorable words Napoleon the Third winds up the most generally interesting corres- pondeoce that probably ever occurred between man and wife since the anatomical process of the extraction of a rib gave birth to that inevitable anion. As soon as the important intelligence became known, as it was about one o'clock yesterday, all Paris was ina ferment. While the guns of the In- valides boomed forth their 101 salvoes, the three per cents shot up to 70f., and Mobilier amused itself by an advance of upwards of 62f. I must do the Parisians the justice to say that on this occasion, when all seemed to vie with each other in decking their windows, their porches, their housetops and their balconies with banners and many colored lamps for an impromptu il- ‘umination, that the signs of joy and @ratulation were infinitely more unquali- Ged than on any previous occasion when mere vic- ‘tory was the object of it. The French undoubtedly Joye military glory. They have a natural’ wish to .xcgain the European prestige they once oasessed, but they are keenly alive to the darker wide.of.the picture. They love their kindred with alithe ardor of their impulsive nature, and when they hear of such wholesale slaughter as has tracked the heels of every recent conquest, there are times when the most absolute worshipper of his country’s eagles is ready to exclaim, amidst the peans of victory—Cur bono? Besides, there is some” thing about this Italian experition o little above an ordinary Hrenchman’s comprehension; per se the has no aatipatiy to the Austrian, no overpower- ing sympathy with the Italian; and if he is really mot to profit im purse or person by all that is gojag on, he sees no great cause for falling into absolute fits of delight, although at the same time he may be extremely well content that the civilized world should recognise what he himself hes never for a igstant doubted, namely, that the French army is the bravest of the brave. This may account for the fact of many of the secondary streets appearing, om this occasion, bet: ter lighted up and more gaily adorned than the largor thoroughfares. In some places lings of variegated lanterns were suspended across the street, and on the Boulevards a very striking effect ws's produced by groups of colored lights being clustered fantas tically upon the higher branches of the trees ‘The Emperor is expected to arrive in Panis to day. After a few days at St. Cloud, it is beliaved the Imperial family will proceed for three weeks t.? to Plombiersa. The grand, what may be termed the state rejoicings for the peace, are deferred to the 15th of August—the Emperor's jour de féle. ‘The idea of this confederation underfthe honorary Tie sidentship of the Pope was started for the first time ‘2 the pamphlet entitled “ Napoleon III. and Ttaly,” and it is the programme of that pamphlet which no ¥ receives its application, It will be re- membered 2.Jat the pamphlet in question states that after the avortive efforts of 1821 and 1831 all real amen ad nted the idea of a feacration. Tue idea of a federatay? unity,” saya the Glastrious the Italians, ie an ancient dogma of their ceun- try. It is natural to their mind and man- ners, and every way conformable to their con- stitutions and the geographical conditions of the Peninsula.” ‘But who,” continues thie re- markable brochure, and just now so exceedingly interesting, ‘shall be the chief of such @ con- federation? It tan only be one who in himself Personifies the most universal as the most pow- erful idea; who rallies all enthusisams, all respects to the soil of the Peninsula; who has given to Italy her arts, her manners, ber social life; who has made Rome the centre of the earth, and who assures to it a second eternity. The statesmen who directed thie great movement have never hesitated, and as chief of the Italian Confederation have at ance de- signated the Pope.” At the same time it is else- where stated that the Pope must be rendered inde- pendent of questions of nationality, of armament, of interior and exterior defence. Napoleon, in his proclamatien to the army of Italy, which the Moniteur publishes this morning, frankly states the reason for not pushing the war farther, namely, that it was about to assume pro- portions entirely inconsistent with the views of France:— SoLpinns—The bases of peace have been arranged with the Emperor of Austria; the principal ohjeot of the war bas been obtained; Italy ia aovut to become for the first time a nation. A confederation of all the Ivalisn Staves, under the noporary presidency of the Aloly Father wil) upite them vogether as the members of one family. ‘Venetia, % is true, remains under the serpire of Auriris, 1. wil, pevertnoiess, be aa italian province, Coustituting @ part of the confeceratioa Tne union of Lombardy with Piedmont createn for as ‘on this side of the Alps a powerfal ally, who will owe to us bis inéepencenoe, fhe govervments unconnected ‘with this movement (en derors du mouvement), oF re- tailed to their porerrsions, will comprebene the neces- sity ofsalu‘sry referms. A general amnesty wil! cause ppear the traces of cr cord, Italy, henceforth of ber destinies, wiil only bave to blame herself Lot regulerly progress in order and liberty You will soen setarn to France, Will welcome with tran#port Lose eo'die: so Digh the glory of our arms st Monsebelio, Palestro, Turb go, Magenta, Mariguan and Saiferivo, who, ia two months, emancipuigd Piedmont and Lomnardy, and only paveed becsuse the sirugule was adout to asume proport: Wweouristent win the iovereets of France io coppecticn with thie furmidadie war. Be also proud of your sucooss, proud of the reauite obtained, proud. above all, of boing the weil baloved onildien of that France which @ill ever oon.ians # great pation, 60 long as it sbail baves heart t compresend by dey ed eked ike seo viingces Tee oily at portal Headquarters 1869. “ ey APOL EON”? The following considerations are suggested by the peace jast concluded:— The ceasion of Lombardy to Piedmont compre- hends thet of the two fortresses, Mantua and Pes- chiera. The superfices ef Lombardy is 8,538 square miles. Its population is 2,800,000 souls. Lom- bardy has hitherto been divided, administra- tively, into nine provinces or delegations—viz: Milan, Pavia, Lodi, Corma, Cremona, Como, Man- tua, Sondrio, Breschia.and Bergamo. The fortitied towns of Mantua and Peschiera form part of the province of Mantua, The fortress of Pezzighettone is comprised in the province of Cremona. After the annexation of Lombardy and Piedmont, this kingdom (the Islané of Sardinia both included) will contain a superfices of 37,640 square miles, with a population of 7,800,000. As regards territorial extent it will occupy a tewth rank in Europe, and will come immediately after the kingdom of the Two Sicilies, and betore Portugal and Bavaria. With reapectto po- pulation, Sardinia will stand in the ninth rank, on a tevel with Napies, and will be above Sweden and Norway, Belgium and Bavaria, The following ta- ble completes the vale nore a8 regards ees rea Sq. M. Population. New kingdom. «++ 37,640 7 800,04 Venetia... 9,525 2,200,000 17,218 2,900,000 8,741 1,750,000 2,268 500,000 . 2090 410,000 Two Sicilies. . 42.000 8,400,000 To return to the policy of the peace. Every one must be struck with the thoroughly Bonapartist spirit which once more characterizes the Lmpe- ror’s conduct. He will have nothing to do with diplomatists and red tapists; like Jupiter, his own nod is sufficient to tranquillize or terrify the, world. Ivis clear he desires it to be understood that he does not, however, hold himself superior to pub- lic opinion. The reasons he assigns for stopping short in the war, and a_ sort of apologetic spirit which pervades the proclama tion, shows this. The question is whether, as re gards the confidence he wishes the world to repose in him, he has not done too little or too much—too little as fulfiling his ouiginal programme, too much as exhibiting the formidable poner he can in a mo- ment set in motion. Does he intend, it will be asked, to give each Power in tarna quiet box on the ear as the necessary consequence of that mo- ral supremacy he desires? Russia had it‘first, and became his obedient servant. Austria has now re- ceived hers. Will it be Prussia’s turn Brand bye And how about England? When the Emperor, in a Parliamentary speech, spoke of France and the unmerited reproach of the necessity of frequent coups de theatre, he was surely naga a homily; for if there is one thing that can be fixed on as the key of the character of this eminentl; reserved man, it is his love of taking the world by surprise, his genius for coup délat. During his Presidency of the repub- lic he gave more than one minor instance of this hefore the memorable affair of the 2d of December. We remember, too, how he sere liberty to Abdel Kadir, how he decided om his marriage, how sud- denly he changed his course with respect to Ras- sia, ee he startled the world by his speech to the Austrian ambassador, and how he bas now made peace. Fear and mistrust must inevitably be the consequence among those who demar to his supre- macy, and it must be inferred that the armaments uaranteed by recent circumstances will be quick- i discontinued. As regards France, there cannot be a question that he has immensely exalted both it and himself by the additions he ‘iven to the military prestige of the country. Many of the more ardent politicians will be inclined to quarrel with the incompleteness of his attainments—speak- ing materially—but all must allow that he has gathered round the country a halo of glory such as it has not known for half acentury. Is it possible that Austria will rest satisfied—that she will not as before, again and again, tear the treatics asunder which thas pare down her proportions? Are the terms 80 «moderate as to place temptations in her way? And.does Napoleon look for another repre- sentation of the character he has appropriated— the European upholder of right,the avenger of wrong? The peace has been signed, but it is pos- sible that we are not less on the eve of great events. ! 4 The French troops in Italy will, it is supposed, be split up inte fractions and stationed abroad until ordered home. This is to avoid the inconvenience of large agglomerations of men. A good many of the relativesand driends of the officers and men are preparing to go to Italy to sec them, and pleasure trains to the army are talked of. The members of the diplomatic bodies now in Paris went down to St. Cloud yesterday to congratulate the Empress Regent on the re-establishment of peace. ie Univers has received a second warning for an article published in its edition of the 10th—Sun- day last. e ministerial notice is as follow#:— Considering that this article gives acuipadle publicity to pamph'ets printed out ef France, and which contaly the Most ebameful attacks against the French people, the government, religion, and the army; considering ‘that the extracts from the publications inserted fa the Univers are of @ nature to create hatred between the people and the army, united in a common sentiment of honor and glory; Considering also that the same article contains an altack and an outrage against the origin of the power which tho Emperor has recotved from universal suffrage, it Is hereby ane = ae person. a3 sarees the responaible edt. ; rent i S cscoddwarany Peewee” 6 Higner of the article, that While at Monzambino, Meissonier, the celebrated French artist who has been summoned to Italy by the Emperor, executed a portrait of a beautful pea eant girl who was loiterivg about the inn, and gave it her. Some one standing by informed her it was worth 1,000f., at which she shragged ker shoulders in sign of incredulity. The following day Count de Koncheleff, seeing the girl, asked her to, sell it to him. She replied she had given it to her sweet heart, a good looking fellow standing near. The Count made him an offer of five Napoleons for it, which the peasant lover accepted without hesita- tion, and pocketed the gold with great satisfaction. On his side the Count has not made a bad specula- tion. The following more domestic view of’ the Im. peror’s overture for peace is worthy of atten- tion:— Tho Emperor was profoundly affected at the a, 7ht of the distruction of human life at the battles of bagenta and Solferino, There is in tris mind a fund of Serious philosophical ideas, which mapired hia first '@bors, which are often expressed in his acts and » Orda, and which must render him sensi- ble to the evils of war. The fatal effects of the heat, which king the wound:d, and causes even the most healthy to en. Ter, must also have been for him & painful speotacte, ‘The idea of patting: an ond to a war which had bad enect terrible consequences, and which besides had been ¢artied to a point at which important results wer? assured, must also have influenced him, On the other Laud, the Emperor WNuapolaon knew that from being any new thing to | from the NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, situation of the Austrian S.Fropostien for a of houtitities as by him ina dignified manner could not fail to be received with great satisfaction. The Hemperce Francis Joseph had left the fle!d of battle of Sol- ferino in a state of painful emotion. He was not able to restrain his tear® on the army de- feated in which he had placed so much hope. Overcome by fatigue aud sorrow, he was for seve- ral days afflicted with violent fever. Hia pay, which, from the strong position it occupied, been promised victory, was not only astonished at ite deteat but demoralized. He dreaded the dis- re rene which oe meee Fold battle would ceure in Germany, and even own le knew that his finances were exhansted, that Austria was unable to replace the urmy 80 laboriously formed—the good __ discipline ard the valiant resistance of which could not with- stand the impetuosity of French troops. He suf- fered also from other disap) whore assistance he had for, and on whom he could have connted before hia fatal deciaration ‘of war, refused him their co-operation. The Em- ror Bepoloow knew these things; and perhaps The idea of aggravating the misfortunes of his young om, and of not waaiasing him beyond what was useful to the interests of France, may have afforded him pleasure. He knew, besides, that the Emperor Francia Josep, abandoved by the allies he hat hoped for, saw them with grief ready to unite with hia conqueror to impose on him a painful peace. ‘The heat is excessive. Yesterday, at two o'clock the thermometer was 933 Fahrenheit; at twelve o'clock it was 904 Fahrenheit. Our Prussian Correspordence, Bexuin, July 13, 1859. The News of Peace—Napoleon’s Faith in Dates— The Terms of Peace—A Congress of European Powers— Will Italy Submit?—Prussian Diplo macy—The Rhenish Provinces— The Nevws-on the Stock Exchange— Rise in Stocks—Fourth of July Celebration at Bremen, &e. &e. In spite of the prolific symptoms that had be- come apparent for some days previous—and to which I had occasion to advert in my last two re- ports—the announcement of areal, bona fide armis- tice, came upon us with all the suddenness of a coup de théétre. That Louis Napoleon should stop short in his career of victory after achieving such splesdid and uninterrupted successes; that he should relinquish so favorable an opportunity of giving new proofs of that military genius which has been revealed by this campaign, perhaps no less sto his own surprise than to that of the world in general; and that he should accept, nay, even propose, a cessa- tion of hostilities at a moment when he had just passed the formidable barrier of the Mincio with- out encountering an enemy, when the most colos- +al preparations were being made for the attack of the famous quadrangle, when his fleets were in readiness to commence operations in the Adriatic, when Hungary was on the brink of insurrection, avd the army of Austria, broken and dispirited, was unable to strike another blow in defence of her Italian empire—seemed a pitch of moderation, of self abnegation almost, for which neither friends nor foes gave the French monarch credit. It was quite evident, too, that this armistice would not turn out to be a mere truce, but that it was the first and decisive step to a treaty of peace. Louis Napoleon is a believer in dates, and it was immediately noticed that the day selected for the ex- + piration of the armistice was the 16th August. The 2d December, the anniversary of Austerlitz, was chosen for the coup d’état and the proclamation of the second Empire; the 18th June, the anniversary of Waterloo, for the first assault of Sebastopol, which replaced the memory of a British victory by that of a British defeat; the 8th September, the apniversary of the battle of Moscow, for the final and successful attack upon the Russian stronghold; and the 3lst March, the anniversary of the first peace of Paris, for the conclusion of a second as honorable to France as the former was disestrous and humiliating. Nothing could be more in accordance with these precedents than to expect that the 15th of August, the birthday of the elder Napoleon, would witness another act of pa- cification at the expense of the Power whose de- fection brought on the final catastrophe that chain ed him to the ruck uf Gt. Helens. As to the con ditions that would be imposed upon, or submitted to, by Austria, the most conflicting opinions were expressed. It was predicted by many that very little consideration would be shown by Louis Napoleon for the interests of Italy; that, satisfied with having stripped Austria of her military prestige and political influence, he would leave her terri- torial possessions intact; that Sardinia would be disappointed in her views of aggrandisement, and derive no other benefit from the war, in which the blood of her sons had been so freely lavished, than barren laurels and an impoverished treasury; that Tuscany, Parma and Modena would revert to their former masters,who, for decency sake, might have to promise some administrative reforms; and that the authority of the Pope would be reinstated io its foll vigor. Onthe other hand, it was urged that whatever opinion might be entertained of the French Emperor's character, he had given too unequivocal proofs of sagacity and foresight to imagine him capable of conduct so pertidious towards the people whose cause he had es- poused, and so pregnant of danger to himself. In this case, it was said, treachery on his part would be worse than a crime—it would be a fault. Noi only would it sink his reputation to the lowest depths of infamy, but it would sting the whole Italian nation to madness, and excite a repetition of those attempts upon his person which twice already have nearly proved fatal to him. Evenif he obtained the cession of Lombardy for Sardinia, and left Venice in the hands of Francis Joseph, or one of his brothers, he would give the lie to the proclamation with which he opened the campaign, and by which he promised to deliver ali italy, from the shores of the Mediterranean to those of the Adriatic, from the yoke of Austria. On the faith of this manifesto the Italians had risen from one end of the peninsula to the other, had saluted him as their liberator, and had assisted with their Jives and purses in the overthrow of the common enemy—and with less than this they could never be satisfied. Afi these specalations, however, were set at nest by the telegrapbic despatches that arrived last night via Paris, and this morning vid Vienna, anvouncing that the preliminaries of peace had been agreed upon at a meeting be tween the two Emperors in Villafranca, and by which it appears that Lombardy is to be ceded to Sardinia --that Austria is to retain the kingdom of Venetia, and that all Italy is to form a federative union, on the model of that very respectable and highly efficient corporation, the Germanic Bund, and under the Presidency of his Holiness the Pope. ‘The dreams of M. de la Guerroniece are to be reality, and the suceessor of St. Peter, “the of the Servants of God,” is to take the Congress of Kings. be done with the lesser Italian Princips whether the fortresses of the Mincio ar cluded in the dominions of Austria or of poseibly these points, as well as the other details con- nected with the organization of the new confede- racy, will be regulated at a Conferance of the European Powers which may meet at Paris or elsewhere to arrange a fina! setuement on the basis laid down by Louis Napoleon. That a peace concluded on these premises is far from realiziny the hopes of absolute and entire independence held out to the Italians by the French Autocrat, is seit- evident; it remains to be seen whether they will accept it as a first instalment, or whether they will continue the straggle single handed, and, calling the spirit of revolution to their assistance, will show the world that their liberties are not to be trifled with by a despot. If lam not mistaken, the Prussian government were as much in the dark as to the negotiations that were going on between France and Austzia, and were taken as much aback by the conclasion of the armistice, as the public at large. The offi- cial organs, indeed, make a feeble offort to persuade themselves and others that the pacific aspect of affairs is the result of Pruasian mediation; but this is a mere illusion, aa there can be no doubt that Louis Napoleon and Francis Joseph ected ‘entirely on their own hook, and with- out the interference ef any third Power, except, perhaps, Russia. If the mobilization of the Prussian army Nad any effect, it can only have been ofa negative character, for Napoleon mnst have been aware that a month or six weeka wonld elapse be- fore it was ready for action, and Francis Joseph had just beet notified that Prince Windischgrats, whose arrival here on a special mission f fiave al- ready informed yor of, had failed ina last desperate attempt to obtain the immediate co-operation of Pr The fact is thatthe government of thts country have no pxrtioulsr reason to congratulate themselves upon the Aneeae of their diplomacy; they have spent thirty m.Mieus, and put their snb- jects to immense inconve: 8, Without attaining any other object but that of offendiag both 1859.—TRIPLE one by going too far, and the other net going far enough. he Crimean war re- sulted in a close allance between France and Ras sia; who known whether the Italian campaign beer not lead to a similar connection betwen ce Austria, whose rulers profess the same religious faith, have the seme political rinciplea, and ht be tempted to unite against the same enemy? reeources of the French nation, which were ex- havsted by the long and difficult war in the Crimea, can scarcely have been touched by this brief mili promenade through the fertile plains of “Piedmont and Lombardy; their thirst for glory has only been increased not arsunged by the triumphs of Magenta and Cay. riana; and after fighting for the int ity of Turkey and the independence of Italy, they may very naturally feel inclined to do @ \ittle business on their own account. Every Frenchman looks upon the Rhenikh provinces ax ‘his legitimate pooper and if the Emperor, who has exempl his adage of Vempire c'est la paix by two great wars, should consider it necessary for the progress of humanity and civilization to engage in a third, | am wfraid Prussia will have to pay the piper. | Upon the Stock Exchange the peaceful iatelli- gence has produced an extraordinary effect. Un- lismayed by apprehensions of the fature, the spe- enlatora are revelling in the delights of the present, and securities of all kinds are going ‘p With @ rapidity more than proportioned to their previous Rotini. Austrian funds have risen twenty per cent in two days, bank and railway shares of various denominations 30 and even 40 percent, and the new Prussian loan, which was contracted at 95,and had fallen to 90, wa quoted yesterday at 101. Large fortunes are made and lost in these operations, and the stock jobbing mania, which had received a severe shock by the events of the last six months, is evidently reviving with greater intensity than ever. The Fourth of Muly was celebrated this year by many Aierican residents of this and other German eitier ut Bremen, and 1 am informed that the fet parsed off with great eclat and enthusiasm. amoug the guests present at the occasion was the venera- ble Alderman Delius, one of the patriarchs of the city of Bremen. He is now eighty-tive years of age, has spent many years in the United States, and in 1798 had the great privilege of dining Gen eral Washington at Mount Vernon. I doubt whe- ther you have any man living in America who has enjoyed a similar honor. The United States Min- ister at Berlin, Mr. Wright; Mr. Miller, Consul at Hamburg; and Mr. Dillon, Consul at Bremen, and about twenty-five other ericuns, Were pre- sent. 1 understand an account of the day and proceedings has been furnished to the Herat. You-will be pleased to hear that Mr. Bingham, who arrived here after the death of Humboldt, authorized to paint his portrait for the City Library of St. Louis, Mo., has succeeded in pro- ducing a most execllent likeness of the distin- ‘uished man. The fellow citizens of the artist fave reason to be grateful to him for the manner in which he has performed his appointed task. Our Brusseis Correspondence. Buvessxs, July 14, 1259. The News from Ialy— Napoleon and his Policy— Palmerston Entangled in the Italian Ajfair— Prussia and Austria—Americans in Brus- sels, &c., ce. The sudden news of the suspension of hostilities in Italy, tollowed by the announcement of peace, has created naturally a profound sensation in Eu- rope. The telegraphic despatches from St. Petersburg, London, Berlin, Paris and Vien- na, speak of the astonishment of afl the Powers at the extraordinary manner in which Napoleon, after humbling the pride of Austria, and laying the foundation of Italian nationality, has fallen back upon the English alliance and framed the basis of the re-organization of Europe in the in terests of England. Now, the interests of England are not those of Russia or of Austria. To make Venice a free port, like Bremen or Hambarg, is no part of England’s plan; so Napeleon tacks it on to Austria, but so loosely that it may fall offat any moment. Italian nationality is a good cry for France; so is the name of dignity and importance attached to the Pope. Sardinia has made a step forward, but not too far forward. Italy is free, but not too free. England is gratified, but not so completely master as before. Russia is taken by surprise and bewildered. As to Austria, Napoleon leaves itto Prussia to finish during peace, within the Germanic Confederation, the work com- menced by France on the plains of Lombardy. Prus. sia will crush the last remaining elements of power out.of Austria, and arrive thus at the realization of an united Germany, or one great German Power, as contemplated by Napo leon L, and as shadowed forth in his Berlin de- crees. Simultaneously England must follow up the lead of France in Italy, and press for a more per fect union of the States there. In fact, Napoleon has done enongh to gratify the French people and bis army, to enlist the hearts of the Italians, to plant everywhere the seeds of revolt in every nationality held down by superior force, and to make Paris the focus, uuder imperial power, of revolution, pure and simple. But while he has done all this, he has left undone just enough to excite the cupidity of other Powers and prevent, them from combining against himself. There is so much left to others which Irance might have taken that England, Prussia and Russia, will be profoundly attracted by the spoils, and consequently disunited in their policy. The chief poit of interest must continue to be the effect of this new order of things in Italy upon Germany. The questions of the Principalities and of Turkey have their remote significance to the speculative bers who loves to dwell upon the triamph of Christianity over bar- barism in the East. But Germany is the “heart” of Europe and Berlin the “brain.” From Prussia comes all the warmth and freedom and animating blood of civilization, as well as the thinkers who direct its course. The German Coufedera- tion is the basis of European power. Napo- leon, by driving Austria from Italy, forces the PL ete of Vienna to fall back upon the confederation, in order to gratify those schemes which have already blasted Italy. Prussia will meet this policy by a counter policy, and 1 predict that in one year France may be called upon to intervene between Austria and Prussia. It is to this point, then, that public at- tention should be directed. Hngland is pledged to complete in Italy by political means what France has initiated by force of arms. As I said before, a new order of things in Germany is the inevitable consequence of a new order of things in Italy. ea As to Hungary, if Kossuth moves there a all, is under the protection of Russia, and not of France. Isee that the Cologne Gazette states that Hungary is inundated with circulars from Kossuth, who says “I will manure your soil for a thousand years and reconquer your liberties.” He calls ihe the people to destroy their crops and follow him. The death of King Oscar, of Sweden, is an- nounced. He is succeeded by the Prince Regent, who is proclaimed King of Sweden and Norway, with the title of Charles XV. The new monarch is very Rossian in his tendencies. Brussels is filled with Americans. The Hon. Mr. Keitt, of South Carolina, and his lady have just left. The Hon. Mr. Clingmen, of North’ Carolina, is at Spa. For the latest news 1 refer you to the copious translations which I enclose. Our lialtan Correspondence. Fiorence, Joly 10, 1859. More About the Perugia Massacre—Naples Of- fering Troops to the Pope—The Revoit in the Romagna—The Commissioner of Sardinia at Bologna—The Temporal Power of the Pope— Prince Napoleon's Promenade—An Dalian Army Organiaing—Agitation in Sicily, &c. Rumors are repeated here of the possibility, if not probability, of the King of Naples offering troops to the Pope for the purpose of reducing to submission the rebellious towns in the Legations. The Austrian influence which still exists at Naples will not be slow to take advantage of any opporta- nity which may be presented for creating new com lications and producing confusion in Central uly. The universal feeling of condemnation ex- cited by the atrocities committed with the athack on Perngia~does not appear to have had much effect upon the conscience or the fears of the Papal authority. The conduct of Col. Smidt and his sol- Gers was warmly approved in an official publica- tion, avd following immediately upon it Ancona and Sivigaglia were occupied, and are now under mortial law. But the Pope will not dare, without assistance from abroad, to advance his troops fur ther towards the north.” Bologna, a large town, is every day becoming a» stronger central post for the patriot forces. The volunteers which have flocked to Florence to receive thefr equipments as soldiers in the national cause arg now directed in large numbers to Bologna, SHEET. ‘The troops now organized in Florence are also marched in that direction. Bologna must be made to nerve as a bulwark avo possible Austrian successes in the north,and must at the same time be prepared to protect in their present indepen- dent position the smaller places at the south which may be menaced by the soldiers of the Pope. The Marquis (now General) Massimo d’Azeglio will soon be in Florence, on his way to Bologna to aseume his poxt as Commissioner and Military Director for Sardinia in that city. His secretary, 3 in camps snd cannon, and two new king- dome stood in full e: nce, created in a couple of hours, stamped on the public mind by the vibra- tion of a telegraph wire. “ The Buy of Austria, cedex the kingdom of Lombardy t» the Emperor of France.” Anstria, then, has been thoroughly beaten out of her old characteristic obstinacy. Peschiera and Verona, Mantua and Le; mago, the line of the Adige, and the lugunes of Venice—all are aban- doned, all are given up. Francis Joweph can- didly and without reticence confesses him- telf, ae Mr. Cobden would crampled Pe He at ence and with his men goes right out of Italy, and Italy relieved from his weight swells up into an independent confedera tion. How can we show our face to the world ‘ay, “ 00% @ son ef Count Cavour, is now awaiting him | with such news aa this upon our broad sheet? What here, gifted men among those now taking a leading part in the affhirs of Italy. Perhaps no other is More generally admired and respected for his talents and excellent qualities of character. He ia one of the best known authors of Italy, an ac- complished artist, an honored legislator anit (i matist, and since 1848 has been known in © nection with military affairs. At Bologna he wii) be in a position where judgment and ski!) w'') le required. There can be no doubt that the King of Piedmont, by the appointment of D'Azvglio, has made a judicious choice. D’Azeglio is one of the most variously | has the Times now to sey in- defence of its rous suspicions? How shall we make our apolo; to the much calamniated Emperor of th rench? How sball we meet the triumph and the scorn of the friends of liberty whom we were weak enough to wer? Humble recentation is all that is left uv. Let us, then, join the radicals of En, |, the Car- bonari of Italy, the exiles of Poland, and the great political apostle of Hungary, in singing the glories of Napoleon III. Let us—althongh the last of his converts, and scarcely meet to be called a con- vert—let us swallow in shame all our ungenerous musgivings, and rejoice that now, and in very deed, Italy is free from the Alps to the Adriatic, But, soft! In this rush of telegraphic depatches, in this jostling of quick messages that come from all parts of the world and mingle the voices of all What does Louis Napoleon mean by denying so | Ewepean capitals, there are some sounds that jar completely the wishes of the Koman populations? is @ question continually asked. While he en- comages the spirited young men of the Legations to flock in thousands fo fight under the banners of the army of the Allies, he absolutely ignores the de. sives of those who stay athome. Is such ty be the reward to the fathers and the mothers who make the pobtest as it is the last earthly sacrifice — that of ding their sons to bleed and die upon hattle- —fighting to rid their country from the priestly lea in which it bas been so long hopelessly sha bound, and to establish for themselves a national existence? What is this temporal authority of the Pope which we are told is to be maintained? It is the right, arbitrarily adhered to, of governing @ State without any reference to the wishes and ue- cessities of its population, or to the advantages which may be derived by the application of the en- lightened principles of i Here is a system, founded, told, on Divine antho- rity, Fo fale in its cha: and so ill adapted to promote the welfare of the people, that it does not ind favor with asivgle map subject to its sway who is not, by being in ita pay, personally in- terested in maintaining it. Not even the native soldiers In the army of the Pontiff can he depended upon for an hour to defend a govern- ment so seltish, so unjust, aud so utterly op- posed to the universal sentiment of the Roman people. One does not meet a single Roman who does not emphatically deciare that he cannot, and will not, live under a te: the Pope is the head. F hearted and well meaning, but the exij his position would not allow him to have his wa: if his intentions were ever so good. He is as muc! a slave to the obstinate bad will of Antonelli and the others around him as the mest abject of his subjects. Can it be that these men, clothed in spiritual livery, will hold so tenaciously to their temporal power and the worldly advantages it brings as at last to provoke a general massacre of their order—a struggle with ecclesiastical power, basely abused, as bloody as the strife in France in 1789/ There are revolutionists violent enough to upon the general joy. What canbe the mean! of this new announcement— what can be the nature of this bitter drop which causes the foam of enthusiasm to subside, and curdles our mantling sympathies? italy . must be free, for the Emperor has said it, and who but the unbelieving, ungeverous, untrust. ing Times hesitates to believe the Emperor Yet this enthronement of the Pope, arel this res toration of the Grand Dukes, and this retention of Venetia and the Mincro by Austria, ts an altered version of the first message from the Emperor'to the Empress. Yes, Italy is free. But it is free, not in a democratical, or constitutional, or opular sense, but in a Napoleonic sense. Free- in is a word of many meanings, and it often takes its color from the reflex of the interests of the man who ures it. Freedom i Sparta did not mean that the Helots were not to be put to ceath if they grew too numerous or too troublesome. ‘Freedom in Tialy does not mean that tre inhabitants are to have any voice in their own government. Italy is free, but it is tree under Imperial conditions. Lom- bardy, conquered by France and abaudoned b; Austria, has been toxsed over to the King of Sardi- nia. Nobody can say that Lombardy is not free. She mighthave had notions of the renovation of the old Duchy as a federal State, and Milan may have ebjections to be made an appanage of Turin, bat she bad better from this time forward keep these follies to herself. She is free,aud she must be satistied. So also is Venice free. she is free under Austria. What more cau she waut? Sure- ly she has not the folly to dream of the days of andolo! Austria will perhaps give her one of Austria’: own Archdukes; and an army, whose bands shalt enliven the Piazza San Marco; and well dressed officers, who snall add to the pictar- esque costumes that give life to the scene in that magnificent square. Is Venice discontented? Then she docs not know what freedom is,a3 Napoleon knows, and as our ultra liberal friends in England know. But let her not speak foolish discontents too loudly. It is only a slice of Lombardy which has been handed over to Sardinia—-* Lombardy to the line of the Mincir.” Betwixt the “line” ef threaten a catastrophy so much tu be deplored a8 | the Mincio and Venetia there are two large rivers even this. Will reason 1eturn to the minds of these rulers in time to avert it? One thing is cer- tain, that which is culled the Papacy must make up its mind to conform in its ideas of government to the privciples by which in this age the world is ruled, or it must falleven in this the chosen for- tress of its power. Its frail bastions of clay are crumbling, and unless it strengthens itself by ap- plying wiser modern systems of political engineer- ere the whole fabric must go down together. The reat ugly, cumbrons machine, which did the work ina brutal and ignorant age, can no longer be made to serve. The last intelligence informed us that Prince Napoleon, with his division of the army, had at which run down to the Pe, asd the land watered by those rivers is thick with first class fortresses. It ts the old Austrian iron gate by which she entered Italy at her will; it is the lair of Austrian despo- tism, le which she retired when there was danger in the plains. Hence she could speed her tens of thovsauds to crush any nescent exposition of dis- content. Ye free Sardiman Lombards, who enjo your freedom under ‘he shadow of the ern walls of these great fortresses, and ye liberated Venetians who, as you cultivate your continental possessions, can look up to cannon that frown upon those eastern bastions, be not too loud in your free talk. This country also is free. It lies between the Alps and the Adriatic, and it must be length arrived somewhere in the region of Mantua. | free, With Venice it shares the honor of being The inexplicable conduct of this hero, in taking his soldiers on such a long promenade, has Srey ree They say here in Tuscany that they have never known be- fore a travelling Prince in Italy to go with a suite of forty thousand men. At his interview with the Emperor it is expected he will receive liberty to Tt is time that the rifled can- is so well provided, should poet their iron storm upon the walls of he Prince las now in lis hands the ma- terials and the opportunity with which to make a in the history of bis own military | their patron this campaign. The world impa- excited a playful comment or a smile. attempt Me ry non, with which he hegin to Mantua. brilliant Barage career and of tiently waits to make the record or to read it. The government has just While they are coming in thousands, they bo for the war must be even it is. been received from region of Tuscany. larger portion o! most furnish more men. It is felt that now is the time to buildup a uational army. A well disci- lined body of two or three hundred thousand men is needed, not to do the work of the present only, but to gttard in the future the liberties which, with While Sardinia bears the powench aid, the country is now struggling to ob- ‘in. There can never be any hope of an indepen- dent Ital, to be able to resist, by enemies within and w! and integrity. A report which originated in Florence is circu- lated in the European papers that Mr. Stockton, our Minister at Rome, after the affair at Perugia, 0 s Mr. Stockton had made preparations to leave Rome for the summer sea- son before receiving intelligence of the occur- rencesat Perugia. As he received assurance be- fore closing his interview with Cardinal Antonelli that satisfaction would be made for the robbery and outrage to which the family of Mr. Perkins was subjected, there was no reason why official inter- tock down his arms and closed the embassy. such step has been taken. course should be suspended. Poets a notice urg- | free. ing in the most warm and determined manner a much larger increase in the number of volunteers. are | as volunteers. The free ci wanted in tens of thousands. It is seen that the greater than It is quite probable that notice has the imperial and royal head- quarters for a great deal more to be done in the the expense, these provinces until the State is strong enough in itself’ aunited military force, the itaout which menace its order free under Austria. But it is free as a pure Aus- trien possession—an outpost of the Tyrol, ad- vancing like a wedge right into the body of North- ern Italy; it is crammed with troops and arms as it haa ever been, and from it armies could be thrown out by railways, and might reach Milan or Venice in afew hours. Austria still has, and by this treaty, is to continue to have, this terrible quadrangle. In those cities, therefore, it were better to talk sofily of the newly acquired freedom, and to congratulate each other in whispers upon the glorious consummation of Emperor's promise of driving the Aus- trians from Haly, and making her free from the Alps to the Adriatic. Tuscany and Modena are also They are free by their own acts, for they expelled their two Sovereigns, and then sent off to the Emperor eggs Af their youth itizens of Tuscany and Modena fought against their expelled sovereigna at Solferino, and hetped Louis Napoleon to drive them away. This was a mistake on both sides. The true freedom for which the Tuscans and Mo- denese were fighting consists in taking back their old rulers, and, if their Grand Dukes had known their true interests, they would have been in the camp ef the French and not in that of the Austrian Emperor. Hippias is going back to Athens again— the freedom of Athens requires his restoration. Archbishop Whately insists that half the quarrels of the world arise from an inattention to its logic; people will not mind their defini- tions. is is the cause of the difference that separated us some time ago from the English licals and Italian sympathizers. If they had only defined what they meant by Italian liberty, and defined it in the sense in which itnow appears, we should never have doubted the intentions of Louis Napoleon to give it them, Without being extreme in our i fel ee for Itaty, we must con- fees that if we had sent Lord Stratford or Lord vla- rendon to a Con; to do what England could for Ttaly, and if Lord Stratford or Lord Clarendon had come back waving his hat and shouting “Italy is free!” and if it turned out that he had left Aus- tria at Peschiera, at Mantua and at Venice, and had forced back the Grand Dukes upon Tuscan: and Modena, and that this was what he called Ital- ian freedom, we should have been very much tempt- ed to cry out lustily for the impeachment of Lord The agitation in the island of Sicily continues to | Stratford or Lord Clarendon asa traitor. If we increase. At Palermo and Messina various demon- strations bave been made, and it is only by the greatest vigilance on the part of the military authority that an open declaration for the cause of Italy is prevented. The American frigate Wabash, which left Trieste on the 2d of the present month for Messina, has probably already arrived at that port. Within a few days the provisional government here has deemed it necessary, from motives of prudence, to iseue two new decrees, which indicate @ consciousness of a present extremely delicate condition of the public mind. One of these ordi- nances affixes a penalty of a few days imprison- ment for the offence of circulating false reports. By the other no form of public et is to be allowed, except such as may be planned or autho- rized by the constituted power. Since the decrees were published, all the tri-colored banners which hung from the fronts of the houses have been removed; the war songs which were so common before, are no longer heard, and the quiet of universal obedience reigns. The go- vernment i posed to guard carefully against the sly contrivances ef the leaders of faction within, as well as the mischievous tricks of the enemy with- out. It is rather fortunate for Italy, and especially for thie part, that it is rid of a class of foreign tour- ists and sojourners who love the cause of Italian union so litu® that they are willing to make them- selves the busy agents for circulating reports and stimulating sophistical arguments which serve very conveniently to detract minds not too well estab- lished in the leading idea of the time, which is har- mony. There are conf only too much inclined to give heed to suggestions coming from abroad, which neither tend to promote concord nor to fur- ther the purposes of those who at a critieal mo- a best know how to guard the welfare of the tate. THE TREATY OF PEACE, Opinions of the London and Paris Prass— Troubles of the Revolutiontsts— The Financial Effect, key Ker ke. VIEWS OF THE LONDON PRESS. om tho London Times, Juiy 14.j The peace followed upon the heels of the armis- tice quicker than even we could have anticipated. ‘The great conjuror of the age fought three battles and had an "hoch conversation with vanquished Austria; and lo! at the end of this short conference Lombardy is at once ceded to Mrance, and Ttal, becomes a Confederation ander the honorary Presi- dency of the Pope. The changes are so swift that the eye is dazzled, We connotselze the form tm- mediately presented to the brain, before the image is gone, snd another takes ita place. A few days ago we were talking of a Congress to preveat the A week a world was specu abont chanees of Anstria suc- ly resis France. The battles had their ‘torn. Th tremendous Quadri lateral occupied Brt yesterday down went sll speculations and conjectures and interest had had any notion that this was what M Kos- suth,and the gentlemen of Birmingham, and other idolators of the Emperor Napoleon desired, we think we could have got it for them wii ing Italy with corpses and crowding the hospitals roth miserable mangled soldiers. There is nothing in all this which might not have been wrung from Austria by force of diplomacy. It ought not to burt her pride, and it Cee! increases her strength. Bhe is relieved of the trouble of governing one tur- bulent and expensive province, and she retains the Pr of devastating it whenever she may please. he-is now placed in Italy like a swordfish beside a whale. Austria is all weapon— Italy is all prey. Aus- tria has only surrendered what she might at any mo- ment take back, but what she is probably now too wise to desire. Sardinia has got what she must hold on snffrance, and what, if attacked, she ‘could not defend. When the eatraps of Austria are re- established at Florence and at Modena, and when she stands armed to the teeth, dominant and irre- sistible in the Italian Confederation, Austria will be greater in Italy than she ever yet hasbeen. If England had dared to propose this to her be- fore the fight began, she could not have refused it; and it now seems that 100,000 lives would have been saved, and Italy would have been just as much “free from the Alps to the Adriatic.” Such are the consequences of people not being in accord as to the sense of the words they use. But we must in a to ourselves explain that the error has not been ours alone. The man of all mea. who should have understood the vm Napo- leon, the man who of all men understands the cause- of Italy, the man who of all men Italy hailed as her statesman as she hailed his master as her cham- pion—Count Cavour—was, like ourselves, de- ceived—the free Italy that he imagined was unlike that which tre two Emperors have devised, he has so lon, led, unable of those wie hopes he had excited and whose indignation he has so much cause to dread. (From the London Times, July 15 } The Emperor of the French has confided to his army the reasons which induced him to grant to Ausiria the just accomplished peace. It is a doca- ment which requires frequent reperusal, and which nvites unceasing conjecture. The principal aint of the war was, it seems, to render Italy a nation, and this principal aim, it also has been ob- tained. “It is true,” says Napoleon III. (ilustrat- ing the pyoverb, “Qui s'excuse s’accuse”), “that Venetia remains to Austria;” but he explains that this exception is immaterial, because Venetia will continne to be an Italian province, forming part of an Italian Confederation. We confess toe do not fcilow the Emperor in this explanation. That enice will remain Italian we can clearly see; we Should have more difficulty in understanding how it could become Bohemian or Hungarian; but how this fact render its possession by Austria of lesa importance we cannot pretend toexplain. Itis oné of those logical sequences which none but an Em- peror at the bend of many legions cap enounce with eflect. To the eye of common understanding ‘his possession of Venetia by Austria would seem fogtve Austria a right which she never before juud 0 inlermeddle ia the politics of all Laly. Austria, 2 great military monareby, is, by. Gk heer: a jaemiber of a Confederacy which ig made up of Aud