The New York Herald Newspaper, July 14, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. Ja ES GORVOR SURABEE, EDIToR AND PROPRIETOR. OF PION M. W. CORNER OF FULFON AND MASEAD OFS FAIEMEB, Cua my udound Money tami by wusds wilide wii mabe? Gesmaer. Feange cimmge’ed retdeel wsteriones meory iD” ory pe teemege Fae Test poe Fa MEHMET HERILD. on Wadnandog, of four conlsper or rene “Yorcwtaar CORRASE ONDBEU, smianing weoran PORDENTS 465 sme Camm 8 ae NOTICES when smemymous correspondence, We de nos fetern rejected TISEMENTS renewed advortiscmerite Voy arta the Waecr Hpxo, ‘Fide trenssa, ond to Oo The PRINTING’ srovadeg ooh nonin, shaxpnees and do Volume XXIV. Re. 193 AMUSSWENTS THIS EVENING, NIBLO” GARDEN, Browiway.—Bagowe Dow Osne— Bosnur Macatre. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Fowens or tus FoREST~— «exer Lin. METROPOLITAN THEATRE (Late Burtoo’s)—Tre Love Owase—Scn00. rom BcanDAL—Pos? or Hoon. WALLACK'S THE4TRE, Broadway.—Pavpeen O'Rar- Pax y—Wonxisa ax Oxacur L\OBA KEKENE’S TOSATRE. No. 8% Broadway. — pesrnenn Economy—A Lavy sup GaxtiEMAN—To Oniice ENSON. NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham street —Tow Caincrn— Your viet Neve Saw A Woman—Srace aravck Fawicy— Frisky Copsuxr. BANNUWS AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—Afer- noon and Sveniag—WrMan, Tae WizaRn. WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING, 561 and 963 Brondway.— Brwortan Soxgs, Dances, —DaReies On cue LKveR, BUCKLEY'S ##RENA 585 Broxdwa: KerQuES, LONGI AND DaNnces~LecRwata Bonuts. PALACE GARDEN AND Wall, Fourteenth street — Doscent anv Sorex Danvants, New York, Thursday, July 14, 1859, ‘The News. By the arrival of the Etna at this port, and the receipt of despatches brought by the Canada at Halifax, we bave additional news from Europe to the 2d inst. It embraces official Accounts of the Zreat battle of Solferino from the Allied and Aus taian camps; and although the accounts are of cha- Tacteristic military brevity, they convey a clear idea of the nature and extent of that sanguinary Gonflict. The latest despatches from the seat of ‘war give the losses of the contending armies as far @8 ascertained. The French Joss is put down at 22,720, the Austrian loss at 10,000, and the Sardi- ‘nian logs at 5,000—the entire loss being probably about fifteen per cent of the force engaged in the ght. A report in the London Times says that 20,000 men had already been buried. The French Joss includes 720 officers, of whom 120 were killed. Among the wounded are five generals, seven colo- nels and six lieutenant colonels. On the Ist inst. the whole ofthe French army had crossed the Mincio, and reinforced by thirty thou- sand men under Prince Napoleon, were on the way to Verona, leaving a corps to watch Mantua, ano- ther to guard the passes of the Tyrol, while the Sardinians were occupied with the operations be- fore Peschiera. Lord Palmerston’s Cabinet had re-affirmed the Neutrality of England in the Italian war in the most decided terms to both houses of Parliament, Energetic preparations for the defence of Great Britain would, however, be continued. The Philadelpbia arrived last evening, with dates from Havana to the 8th inst., 153 passengers and $119,000 in specie. Three hundred and twenty-eight Chinese coolies had been landed, the ship having lost thirty-two by death on the voyage. Sugars had advanced, freights were lower, and rates of exchange declining. The Fourth of July was celebrated with great enthusiasm at the rooms of the Consul General, who entertained a large party on the occasion. We have interesting news from Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, to the Ist inst. Our correspondent writes that continued disturbances distracted the republic. On the 15th ult. 400 insurgents attacked Puerto Cabello, but they were repulsed by the go- vernment troops, with the loss of ten killed and twenty wounded, while the government party loss was six killed and more than forty wounded. ral Paez was at Caracas, and had become so usted with the internal feuds of the country that he had determined to leave it shortly for the Dnited States, to spend the remainder of his days in retirement. In the Puerto Cabello market com- Joodities were scarce and high prices prevailed. ‘We haP& fies 170m Barbadoes to the 24th uit., ‘with some later news items from other islands of the West Indies. At Barbadoes breadstuifs were in good demand at an advance. *Superfine flour “went off at $8 16 and extra Ohio at $3 50; mesa pork was at $22 57 a $22 59; pine lumber declin- ing. The weather had been showery for a fort- night, with high winds. The public health was very good. The subject of coolie emigration engaged the attention of the Legis e of Demerara. The Governor proposed, a a letter laid before the Council of Government on the 1st inst., that the agent in China for Demerara should act for Trinidad also, Trinidad paying its proportion of the expenses; that the Demerara agent at present in Calcutta should also act for Trinidad on the Bame terms, and that the Trinidad agent at Madras should also act as agent for Demerara on like terms. At Granada a change had taken place inthe weather highly ben€ficial to the crops in the ground. Scarcely a day or night passes, the Chroni- cle states, without genial showers coming to the rescue of the long suffering vegetation of the coun- try. This change occurs, too, just in the nick of time, when mannifacturing operations ha been prought to a close npon the estatea, the planters are in a position to attend more particularly to their | fields. The ship Jalawar was impatiently awaited with the third Batch of coolies for the island. ” Qur advices from Utah are to the 15th ult. The Territory was quiet. The foreman of the Grand Jury of Salt Lake county had charged Captain An erson, of the dragoons, with spoiling his grain fields, insulting him grossly, and falsely imprison- ing him. Brigham Young had made a character- istic speech in the Tabernacle, the points of which, fogether with the details of the matters referred 40, may be found elsewhere in to-day’s paper. ‘The great Boston trade sales commenced yester Bay with the sale of fifteen thousand cases of boots pnd shoes, a saie of glassware anda sale of car Fiages. We give among our telegraphic despatches pome particulars of these sales, which will prove jof interest to dealers in the articles mentioned. ‘The annual exhibition of the pupils of the Deaf Bnd Dumb Institution took place yesterday, in the chapel, when diplomas were awarded to a number of pupils. The exercises were very interesting, as swill be seen by ovr report elsewhere, The Emigration Commissioners did not obtain a Quoram at their meeting yesterday. The number wf emigrants arrived during the weck was stated to be 2,775, making the number for the present ycar Bo far 42,778. The balance of the commutation Bord now amounts to $12,720. The Health Commissioners met yesterday and Buthorized the City Inspectot to call upon the Owzers of bone boiling establishments to abolish them forthwith, or remove them ontside the city Limits, on pain of having their boilers and machinery Fomoyed to the Corporation yard; aud also the prg- prictors of iog pens to do likewise, or have thcir swine driven to the pound. The arriva’ of sew al vessels from tropical ports was announced, and among them that of the bark Emma Lincoln, from Congo river, in ballast; but as all were well on board of them they were permitted to come to the stream. Yesterday, the hottest day of the season by seve. ral degrees, terminated in a terrific thunder storm and a deluge of rain. The storm came from «i northeast about five o'clock in the afternoon, and continued with great violence for upwards of an hour anda half. The lightning struck in a numer of places in the city and suburbs, but uo lous of Jit is reported, nor was the damage caused by the storm of serious amount. It was supposed tht ti: streets were pretty thoroughly cleaned by the drenching they received from the copious rain, but City Inspector Delavan’s corps o. sweepers were biily employed at a late hour last ight polishing the Belgian pavement and cobble stones in the lower part of the city. Professor Guglielmo Gajani delivered a highly interesting lecture at the Church of the Puritans» Union square, last evening, on the present struggle n Italy and its leaders. His sketches of the per sonal appearance and character of King Victor Emanuel, Napoleon ILL, Count Cavour and Gari baldi were especially entertaining. We shall print a full report of the lecture hereafter. The audience NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, JULY 14, 1859. Usha SausSubdbe oe tor iceh a ali ee A fixed are chiefly made up of vast ranges of sterile | tionslities, which Rave roused themselycs on hi- mountains and desert wasted, which can tev) be permanently colonized to any extent by any race of people upon the face of the earth. Perhaps a million of square miles of that im- | mense western section of our Continent |ying between the immediate Valley of the Mississippi river and the Pasific ocean, and stretching from Oregon down to Mexico, will remain un ‘avoid by any fixed popu’ation to the end of time. Thus the rule of Congressional intervzatlon in behalf of slavery in these Territories would amount to nothing, even with the “ more Afri- cans” indicated by Mr. Stephens, The second proposition of Mr. Brown, relating to Cuba, Mexico, Central America and the Monroe doo- trine, is required to give vitality to tae arst. Establish the rule of legalized filibusteriog, and thus bring in the tropical States of Mexico and Central America, and we shall have a epiendid margin for “ more Africans,” snd the protectioa of Congress in the work of their colonization and the transformation of tifse tropical arquisi- tions into slave States, But, to secure this Congressional intervention to reopen this African trade, to legalize this fii bustering, in order to recover that numerical was quite small, owing to the unfavorable state of | equilibrium of slave States which was lost with the weather. At the close a resolution was pro" posed and adopted, thanking the Professor and asking Lim to repeat his lecture at a future time. Bishop Boone and family took their departure yesterday in the Golden, Rule for China, together with the following newly appointed missionaries and their families:—Rev. Mr. Parker and wife, child and servant; Rev. Mr. Yocum and lady; Rev: Mr. Thompson; Rev. Mr. Smith and wife; Rey. Mr" Schereschewski; Rey. Mr. Purdon, Mr. Hubbard and Mr. Doyen, (laymen) and Mrs. Doyen, A inaman brought over here by Bishop Booue vat two years ago accompanies him as tutor to the party, to teach them the Chinese language during the voyage. A steamtug conveyed the arty from the foot of Clinton street, Hast river, ‘e Dr. Burdell of the Church of the Ascension, 1 Dr. Cruse of the Theological ‘Semrfnary, with families, together with several students of the , bid them good bye, and wished them ali c and God speed. The tug stopped at pier No. 19 East river for the captain of the Golden Rule, and from thence steamed to the Golden Rule, lying in the bay, and conveyed her beyond the Narrows. There was an increase of all kinds of live stock at the Bull's Head yesterday, the total number on sale being 8,557 head cattle, 221 cows, 837 veals, 10,496 sheep and lambs, and 2,717 swine—an increase over last week of 924 head cattle, 59 cows, 98 veals, 973 sheep and lambs and 1,170 swine. The market for beef was of course very dull, even ata decline of fully one cent @ pound, the sales ranging at from Gte. to 10hc., with a few very extra at I1e.; average about 9c. Cows and calves, veal calves and sheep and lambs, were dull but unchanged. Swine were in fair request, at an advance of $c.on prime corn fed, with sales at Ge. a 64c. a 6fc., 88 to quality. The Intense heat of the weather before the storm camo Up yesterday afternoon tended to restricttransachoos in about 700 a 800 bales, cloning on the basis of quotations given in another column; including middling uplands at 11sjc. Flour was again heavy and irregular, closing with the turn of the market in favor of the purchaser. Southern brande were also unsettled, and sales moderate. Choice lots 0” family brands were in light supply, and held in lots at full prices. Wheat was more ac tive, and rather firmer; galee of new Southern red, ‘were made at $1 50 8 $1 56, and white do., old and now, ‘at $1 60 a $185, choico Indiana red at $1 51, amber colored ditto jat $1 623g, prime white Michigan at $1,80, and Kentucky white at $1 70. Corn was in fair demand, with fair eales at steady prices. Pork was heavy and lower, with sales of new mess at $16 a $1610, thin mess at $16, good prime mess at $17, and prime at $1240 $1250. Beef and lard were heavy and gales limited. Sugars were steady, with “nales of about 750 bhds, and 50 boxes Havana at prices given io another column. Coffee was quiet, but steady. Freight engagements were moderate, and rates without change of importance’ among the shipments were 1,100 bales of cotton for Liverpool at 1.84, » 5-324, Mr. Senator Brown and Ris Revolutionary Issnes for 1860. Mr. Senator Brown, of Mississipp!, in a late California, and which is now weighed down by the additions of Minnesota and Oregon, to say notbing of Kansas, Washington and Nebraska, there is the obstruction of the existing over- whelmivg Northern majority in Congress. And here it is that the unanswerable logic of Senator Hammond, of South Carolina, may be brought to bear. Fully appreciating the folly, the stu- pidily ond ruinous teudencies of all these wild Quixetic projects of Southern expansion, he re pudiatés them all, He possesses a large sub- stential interest in the Union in lunds and slaves, aud he cannot afford to risk if in the re- volutionary schemes of desperate politicians, It is to be boped, too, that these revolutionary slavery issues of the Presidential programme of Mr, Senator Brown and his brother fire-eaters will be repudiated by the people of the South, whether upon these iseues the democratic party shall or shall not be broken to pieces at Cuarles- ton. We belicve that if the fire-eaters fly off ut a tangent npon these ruinous abstractions they can be beaten from South Carelina to Mis- siesippi, as they were beaten in 1851 by a Union combination. And so our ‘late admonition to the Northern democracy we would now extend to the Union democrats of the South, iu recom- mending them to prepare to vindicate in 1860 the practical, safe and reliable Union policy of Mr. Buchanan’s administration. The Crisis in the War tn Italy=Wiil the Great Question of Europe be Settled ? The war in Italy is approaching a crisis which cannot be long delayed, and which will deter- mine whether if sball involve the whole of Europe now, or be patched up for a time with a Some branches of business. The gales of colton embraced | hollow peace, to last for two or three years, and then break out in some other quarter. The Allied forces have broken through one of the lines of the great strategic square between the Mincio and the Adige, and have reduced it to a triangle by cutting off the Austrian commu- nications with Pescbiera, The next great battle will decide whether Verona shall be reduced to the same condition, and the Mantua-Legnago line left standing like the side wall of a fallen house, or whether the Franco-Sardioian forces shall be driven back across the Mincio, the stra- tegic equare reconstituted, and the war of des- peration for Louis Napoleon begun. For this decisive conflict both France and Austria are hastening forward their reinforcements, and the populations of Italy are arming. There will s00n be gathered on that classic battle ground, famous in the early wars of the Roman republic, in the conflicts of the Roman empire both in its rite and fall, in the history of Charlemagne and the contests of the Middle Ages, in the times of lieari IV., Charles V. and the firat Napoleon specch to his constituents, is reported as having | half a million of men marshalled ina war of said that the main issues in the Presidential con- test of 1860 will most probably be— Firet,and most important to us. The question of slavery in the Territories, with {ts concomitanis of popular sove. reignty—squatter Rovereignty—jhe rights of the fer. ritorial Legisiature—the duties of Congress. to the States—and, finally, the rights of the States when ag- grieved by the aflirmative or negative action of the fede- fal government, Second. The acquisiticn of Cuba, involving the question of territorial expansion, and incidentally our rolations with Mexico and Central Amorica, and bringing practi. cally, for the firat time, the Monroe doctrine under the su- pervision of the American people. Third. The reopeaing of the African slave trade, em- bracing the moraiity of sinvery apd the slave trails in a)! there various phases, iud awakening the deeposs and most eearching inquiriee into vne political, sucial and eco- nomical influences which the success of the proposition is to have upon the Southern States. Fourth. The coicction and disbursement of the reve- nue, carrying with it the whole question of protection, and a fuiland fair invesiigation into all the charges of ex- travagance, profligacy and corruption which the opposition may choose to bring against the party now in power. This is, certainly, a formidable schedule, and while it is highly probable that the several issues grouped into these four parcels will enter into the Presidential controversy, we must take the liberty to say that the iseue which Mr. Browa presents as “first and most important” to the South, to wit: the question of slavery in the Ter- come, and which must soon be decided. battles of Montebello, Palestro, Magenta and Sol- cpposing opinions, No man of sense now be- lieves that the war in Italy is a war for territo- rial aggrandisement. All see that it is the con- flict of political opinions and systems, where oue side battles for “satisfied nationalities,” and the other for “the rights of sovereigns and J’ordre dab.” Convinced of this, the governing classes out of the Germanic Confederation have been hopiog and praying that Louis Napoleon may eucceed in Italy, and not be forced by despera- tion to call to his aid the dissatisfied nationali- ties of the rest of Europe. This is the erisis to which the war in Italy has The ferino seem to indicate that the tide of victory rune with the Franco-Sardinian arms. In this belief, and anticipating another Ausirian defeat, the diplomatista of Europe are already whetting their pens, and the minor aud semi-official organs of the governments are feeling public opinion wita their varied announcements, which may be hereafter followed or disavowed by the rulers, as events may reuder expedient. The ritories, is an empty abstraction, a delusion and } atiorney General of England thinks that aenare, Mr. Alexander H. Stephens, of Geor- } pi. government must say to France, “thus gin, is undoubtedly correct when he says } fr shalt thou go and no farther.” The Paris that the demand for slaves in our existing | poirie announces tbat France will be satisfied cotton States eo completely drains all their | wiih nothing short of the Adriatic for the king- present eources of supply, that before the | dom of Upper Italy, and the German toaters are Sonth can undertake to colonize new Terri- calling for tho line of the Mincio as the boundary tories, and make slave States of them, she must } or Germany proper.” The governments will pra- have “more Africans.’ Unquestionably, when dently abstain from taking any position on these | “a first rate field hand” commands in Georgia, queetions until the next decisive battle has been Miseiasippi, Alabama and Louisiana, from twelve fought, when they will shape their course in a0~ tosfteen hundred dollars, he cannot very cor- | gordanco with the course of events, veniently be spared for the doubtful and costly The foregoing anticipations are held by tho experiment of a Territorial occupation. diplomatiste of Europe in the belief that. their Tt follows, therefore, that “the rights of the | gatty prayers will be listened to, and that the South and of Southern, property” to Con- | victory will be given to Louis Napoleon. But greseional protection in the Territories against | «the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the the local authorities will practically amount to strong.” Thus far the Austrians have shows nothing so long az the Southern States have no | that their generals are luggards and their slaves to spare for the Territories, And, 98 | soldiers lubbers; yet slaggards <ometimes awake slavery can hardly be said to exist where there } to aa emergency, and lubbers bring their strength areno slaves, the Territories, from the absence } to pear in the long run. Austria is one of the ofsnch colontets, will fall into the category of great Powers of Europe, and possesses iamense free States. Kansas, upon this subject, affurds © | reccurces in men and matériel of war. An auci- very instructive lesron. Under the doctrine of dent, a storm, 4 surprise, an error of calcula- free competition between free white labor afd | tion, any one of a thousand unforeseen incidents black slave labor, and from 2 trial with regard to | may turn the next battle in her favor, and. that which the South cannot juatly complain, they | wonld change the entire aspect of the war and of bave Jost Kansas. All the circumstances of the the policy of Europe, All her past history shows case considered, It may also he sald that ine | b+ readiness to seek a truce, and to offer a hol- Joes of Kansas determines the loss of every other | low yiclaing when the tide of war is against her, Territory seduced to the same trial of strength | and her arrogance in demand when {t goes in between free white nnd black slave colonization. | her favor, ‘Thus, in 1848 she was ready to give From the British provinces down to Texas, | yp Lombardy while Charles Albert was victo- and from the Miseissipp! Valley to the Paci tious; but no sooucr did victory perch on the no Territory can be organized which will com: | berners of Radetasky than she rafused to acqui- mand the advantages of Kansas for # Southern | esco in what she had before assented to, and be- | Occupation. Indced, with the loss of Kausas, we } came more exacting than ever in her demands. may safely deciare that ueder the same low of Should the coming crisis io the war ia Italy settlement the South bave aleeady just every | tura in favor of Austria, the chances of 3 general other Territory within tho present limits of the | war ia Europe will become tly augmented. Vaion, Our Territoriga whosg destiny is not ! Louls Nepoleon caunot abandon tae I Re advent to the peninavla, and roturn to France. Even if political ciroumstaacea would permit bim to do s9, such a etep wou'd not accord with the Bovaparte rpirit, Taw he ever be-n tp reverse of that which animates Austria, ani i: moderate in success, but tenacioue to ob«\inasy under defeat. In euch a case diplomacy, in seeking to pacify Europe, would have to en- counter the task of subduing Austrien as- Togance on one side, Nepoleonic tenacity of purpose on the other. Instesd of saying to France, “thus far sbalt thou go and no farther,” it wonld bave to addreas that, and even stronger language, 'o Austria, and we doubt not ‘hat Europe will find the task of imposing moderation on victorious Austria much more Sifficult than that of doing the ‘same thing with Louis Napoleon in triumph. Whatever event may betide, the present crisia in the war in Italy is one of many that has yet fo come upoa Europe. If peace be made and the desires of Italian nationslity eatistied, the very exwunple of Italy must set the other nations in motion, and give an impulse to populur hopes und the epirit of revolution that wil bear fruit. Tbe conflict of opinion has begun, and it will go on, sometimes with war, sometimes with peace, and sometimes with the arts of diplomacy, til! the tottering ideas of the middle ages in regard to Cimreh and State are swept away and buried forever beneath the rising waves of progress, Wit Nepolean Invade Engiand and Ireland? The Marseilles correspondence of the London of ibe feclings of satisfaction at succers, thero is a entiment of surprise an’ satonishment, which 1) merses into unitmlted confidenca, aud resusc: tates s belief in the star of destiny of the Bonana-ws wo nocd & Cegree that were tha Emperor to declare war agenet England tosmorrow he would have the 00: dial aod enthusiastic sopport of the nation. In s Jate number of the London Advertiser it ) was ciated that Napoleon ITI. would invade Ire- land at the first opportunity, and ever since the Italian war commenced the hopes of Irish revo- lutionists have been raised that Eogland would embutk in the strife, and give the French Eu. peror the opportunity 50 long and so ardently desired. The invasion of Ireland, and even of England, is no aew idea in France, and we have no doubt that the correspondent of the London ‘Times is right in saying that if Napoleon LiL. were to nn- dertuke such an expedition to-morrow he would be eustained by the French nation. It must not, however, be inferred from this fact that the Emperor entertains any such design for the pre- sent, Tis invasion of Ireland or of England ie not a matter to be lightly thought of. Upon the hazard of that die he would cast. his all, and nothing bat necessity would drive ao able a raun to such acour-e. If England should attewpt to meddle with bim in this war, invasion woulda be his game, and tue idea was probably thrown out in the London Advgrtiser, which ia the organ of Kossuth and friendly to the cause of the Itulians, that Napoleon meditated the inva- sion cf Ireland, in order to deter the British goveroment frem identifying itself with the in- terests of Austria. But that he seriously intends toinvade Great Britain or Ireland, unless asa meacure of self-defence, is extremely improbable. The ritk would be disproportioned to the benefit resulting trom success, and even success itself might prove as fatal to him as to Pyrrhus when he conquered the Romans and exc!aimed— “Another such victory, and we are undone.” Yet an invasion is practicable, and ifa man of such resolution and ability is thrown upon his mettle, there is no knowing what he might do, and there is no foretelling what might be the consequences, He has proved himself 2 skilfal general, he has uader his command the finest urmy in Europe, the best appointed and the beat disciplined, the most intelligent and the most enthusiastic—a hemogeneous raee, all animated by a common sentiment and 1 common parpose. This army, too, is flushed with vic- tery, and is so confident in. its own capabilities that it would be only too glad to be led against the British hosts, who have no longer a Welling- ton to guide them. Only a handful of regular British troops are available, and numbers, unac- customed to arms, avail nothing even against a small disciplined army; they are 1 mere mob, like stubble before the devouring flames. The French burn to efface the stain of Waterloo, and 80 does Napoleon IIL Whenever he makes up hie mind to avenge that disaster, steam power renders comparatively easy what his uncle fourd to be a work of such difficulty. Hed the elder Napcleon been in possession of this mighty agent, he would have successfully invaded either England or Ireland, or both. The steam navy of France is now equal to that of Great Britain, and in spite of all the vigilance of the Eag- lich Channel fect a mighty army might be landed on the Irish or British coasts, A dark night or a fog would render a descent perfect! practiceble. The coast defences are of no ac- count, and both the late Duke of Wellington and Sir Charles Napier have declared that a French invasion is a matter of easy accomplishment. This it is which renders the statesmen of Eng- Jand so il} at ease. Their “wooden walls” are no longer the impregnable bulwarks whish they were found to be in other days, and the question is not now, can Louis Napoleon invade his neigh- bors, but will he do it? Whether he will do so depends on circumatances, and depends more on the good behaviour of the neighbor than on his own lust of conquest, or on any supposed scheme of aggrandisement which he may have conceived. ‘The elder Napoleon never contemplated it bat as a desperate necessity for self-defence, ‘When, near the cloge of the last century, the French Directory, at the solicitation of Theobald Wolfe Tone and other agents from the United Trishmen, resolved upon an invasion of Ireland, Nopéleon, just after his conquest of Italy from the Austrians, was requested to take command of the invading army. He carefully studied the obstacles to be encountered, and concluded the enterprise was too hazardous. He urged upon the Directory the expelition to Egypt, which was the dream of his boyhood, and which he expected might lead to the founding of a vast empire in the East. The expedition to Ireland wos, however, carricd ont, and committed to other handa, while he embarked in the expedi- tion to Egspt, When, eight years afterwards, in 1805, be made extensive preparations at Bou- Jogne to invade England with 200,000 men, in 2,000 flat bottomed boats, which were'to be pro- tected by a French ficet, that failed to be on hand at the appointed time, he only took this etep because the hostile attitude of the British government drove him to it; and he only abandoned it because he was compelfed to meet the advancing armics of Rusefa and Austria, The result was the victory of Aus frlitz, and a peace perfidiouly broken, Alterwirds, in Si Helena, Napoleon told O'Meara that bis plan was to land near Chatham, and march on London, which he had no doubt he would easily conquer, and issue revolutionary manifestoes to the people to vet ric of royalty and aristocracy, aud chose a goverment for themselves. He said he would pave iavaded Ireland but that the Irish leaders whe were sent to Paris hed no plan avd conld not agree among themselves, At that time Ire- taupe wus in & revolutiouary couditioa, but that is uot the ease row. Lrelaud pevet was 60 loyal before es she is at the present time; and the Catholic bishops sand clergy, influencing @ ma- Jority of the people, are opposed to the French Emperor, while the Protestants, sea matter of course, would fight sgsinst him for “Protestant aterpdancy.” Yet, there is a large element of Gieaffection in the country that would gladly Join an invader if there waa a fair chance of suc- cess. As to ita practicability, we need orily say that what wasdone once may be done agais, especially under more favorable circumstances. In 1796 and 1798 the practicability was demon- strated by two expeditions of sailing ships which. escaped the figilance of the British fleets. How much more might be accomplished by steam. TRUTHFULNESS OF THE WaR BuiteTis,—It is worthy of remark that the despatches of the French Emperor from the eeat of war have been, for +o far, wonderfully reliable, Muking allow- ance for the want of accuratefinformation as tothe Titrecuite of a battle within an hour or two of its occurrence, the buleting despatched to Paris have been generally marked with great truthful- sess. There must be always some exaggeration expected in estimating the less of the enemy, and itis but natural that either party should preter to look at the bright rather than at the dark side of the picture, so far as their own side is reprorented in it, When, therefore, Napoleon telegraphs to the Empress that the Allies have beep victorious ina battle, and have repulsed the Austrians with a loss of so many thousand kilied, wounded aad prisoners, the despatch is held to be veracious, even though the Austrian lozers are subsequently found to be one-fourih Ieee than was at first supposed, and the French loss greater in the same proportion. It is im- possible at such a time to make accurate ecti- mates, and these discrepancies are quite natural. The Austrians begin to imitate the French in that respeet. They had commenced by prac- tising the old plan of putting the best fuce- on everything, and had even carried out that plan: 0 far as to claim Magenta in the first “place as a victory for their arms,fand then Zmake out their defeat as a strategical movement; but they. se:mto have recognized the folly of such » course, and to abandon it as silly and ridiculous, And so we find the Austrian commander frankly admitting that he was defeated in the last great battle of Solferino, though{he attributes that result pattioularly to the terrific thunderstorm that broke over the field. Tojjbe gure, the Austriaus fall into the same error of over- estimating the enemy’s loss, and under-esti- mating their own; fbut} so long aa their deepatches show such a groundwork of truth we caanot quarrel with these slight inac- curacies in detail. ‘This truthfulness was}a remarkuble feature in the Ruesian accounts of the siege of Sebas- topol. When}! Gortschakoi? made reports to the Emperor of the. progress of the siege, or of tne results of a sally, he told the simple truth, without disguise or pallia- tion. These bulletins, when they came to be afterwards published in the Western papers, were found: to be remarkably accurate and re- liable, even more so than were the French. or English despatches ‘This veraciousness on the part of the govern- ments ond their generals is quite a new feature in wartike operations, and is a gratifying evi- dence of the progress of the world in the belief that honesty is the best policy. Formerly no re- liance whatever could be placed upon the bulle- tins sant by the respective commanders from the seat of war. Now they are almost as roliable as if they were weittea by a disinterested opecta- tor. Wedo not care to consider now hew far this may be owing to the modern habit of giving facilities to newspaper correspondents, and al- lowing them to accompany the armies, Doubt- lets this circumstance has a great effeot in in- dusing commanders to be truthful in their despatches. Our object simply is to call atten- tion to this gratifying fact. Itis tobe hoped now that this trathfulness in the domsin of war will be carried also into the domain of diplo- macy, and bring into disrepute and contempt the Machiavellian principles of . international policy which have too long prevailed in the-Old World. Mogna est veritas. is Pavsstan Eutarants Forcep mro tae Layp went—A Practicat Issvk on Tag Naruraia- TION QuEsTION—The Newark Mercury states that @ young man named Otto Hame, a native of Berlin, ia Pruseia, who had been for some time a resident of Paterson, N. J., and who had pro- ceeded to his native city a short time since to take poxsession of an inheritance which had been left him, had been compelled to enter into the Prussian army. The Liverpool Courier of the 29th of June recites a somewhat analagous case of a young Prussian who had established himself in commercial business in that city, and who was about to be married to an English lady, when he received a summons from his government re- quiring him to join the Landwehr regiment to which he belonged, under pain of forfeiting his rights of citizenship and his property on the Rhine, The summons was obeyed. Here we find two instances of Prassia’s exer- cising that control over emigrated subjects which all the European governmenis claim, and about which we find, at the prosent moment, such a diversity of opinion among our politicians. Mr. Secretary Cass has brought upon himself and his government a vast amount of abuse by a very sensible letter which he wrote in re- gard to the rights of naturalized citizens. Demagogues of all parties have seized upon it as a subject of agitation, and have proclaimed he doctrine that a naturalized citizen is freed from all military and other obligations to his country, and that if he chooses to return to his native land he does 20 arrayed in the full pa- noply of an American citizen, and without any responsibility to hig native government. Gov- ernor Wise, {indeed, belies history and common sense 80 far as to soy that it was on auch grounds the war of 1812 was waged; the fact being, that Great Britain then claimed a right to the ser- vices of her emigrant subjects, not who had re- turned to British soil, but who were found on board American vessele—an assumption which no independent nation could tolerate. If the absurd doctrine of our political agi- tatora on this subject were to by established here, it would be 4 the great Josa aad disadrantagg of naturalizd citizens themselves, for it would involve their being diseutilled to eny property they might own or inherit in their wative coua- tries, The two instances that we quote show what the eflect would be. We think, therefore, that even were we dispos-d to go to war with all the world for the high privilege of shieldiag from their responsibilities to their respeccive governments every Irish, German or French saturalized eltizeu who cuose to retura to thede fatherland, we worid be inflicting an evil ia- stead of confening a benefit upon them. How- ever, if we are determined to test the question, here now is the opportunity. Let the Prussiag government be calied upon to send Hame beck to the Jerseys or Jook out for a dectaration of war, Where are Wise and Botts? New iy their time. apres) ‘Tar Revenee Sysrem anv brs Anus! day’s experience demonatrates that the abroge tion of the constitution of 1822 was an act of doubtful wiedom, and the adoption of that ef 1846, in plain terms, a foy. It fs true tht both acts were sanetioned by the popular vote, Orators of ait parties assure us-on the eve of am } election, whether it be for a constuiste or a Presi- ent, that the voice of the people is the voice of God. Farbe it from us to deny o saying oe flattering to the popular sentiment. We would simply suggest, however, that the voice of God, through the people, may sometimes: be exercised for their ealutary chastisement and reproval, as welt ss for their benefit. We do net’ propose to diecurs, in connection with these covstitutional changes the lamentable failure of the financial clauses, the debasement of the judiciary, the complication of legal proceedings, the Tesulting inferiority in the personal ebaracter of the repre sentatives of the people in the Senate and As- rembly, but to call attention to a matter of detail, which is working incalculable mischiet ta the public as well as to litiganta. It is well knowy—for publie attention hasbeen called to the fact—that nearly oll the frandulent judgments obtained against the city have been consummated through the intervention of referees. Private parties who suffer wrongs through the forms or lack of forms of the law have but limited means of making their grievances known, and the busy public in truth interest themselves bot little about them. Fr:uds perpetrated: sgainst the public, however, touch the susceptibilities of all classes, and are therefore calculated to awaken public attention. We hope the resalt may be either the entire abrogation of the referee system, or if the court cannot dispense with it, its Tearrapge~ ment on euch a basi: as will seeare impartial- ity, experience and capability, Referees perform the duties: which formerly devolved upon Masters in Cheacery. Toese officers were appointed by the Governor and Senate. They took the usual oath of office, and ‘gave official bonds in a large amount. Their fees were much less than those now exacted by the referees, Tiey were men well known to the commun'ty and the profession—lile the Judges, ceasing to practise for ihe time being and de- voting themselves to their special duties. They were required to keep a record of all procesd- inge, and enjoyed slike the confideace of the court and the public. Referees, on the contrary, hold no office, take no oath, give no bonds, but pocket such fees as the lawyers deem their ser- vices worth, and in cases where money comes into their hands they reserve such amount ag they consider themselves entitled to—in one case in which the public was a party, five hundred dollars being charged for a single sitting. Their powers are much greater than those of the old Masters in Chancery, for in certain cases theic judgment is final. . If opposing lawyers understand:each other, as not unfrequently happens, they agree upon Mr. Smith, or Mr. Brown, or somebody less knowa, who they have reason to believe wiil do the work as they want it done, keep it going as they wish, finish it up pleasantly, and make outa bill the largest possible to be incorporated in the costs of the suit, the referee receiving, however, only suoh portion of the plunder as: the attorneys deem fair. If the attorneys happen to be hos- tile, each tries to outwit the other in the procure- ment of some eubservient tool for referee. Cer- tain large law offices-carry on a mutual exchange in referee businces, thus making it the mutual interest of each to fleece the uafortunate client. Clandestine sales of real estate under mortgage in the cace of parties absent, parties insolvent, infants, widows, and all those who are so situated as to be incapable of looking after or protecting their interests, are of frequent occurrence. Ad- vertisements are inserted in obecure papers out of the regular auction column, with incompre- | hensible descriptions, and sales fixed at unucual times. All the requirements. of the statute are complica with, it is true, but that only servos to make the wrong irremediable. ‘The increased facility of obtaining divorces is another result of the looseness of the referee system, though in,those cases the Courts exercise especial vigilance. When the Judges meke the reference, as they sometimes do, of their own motion, they are not unfrequently ac- cused or suspected of using their official posi- tion for the benefit of some friend, pet or relative, and thus their very desire to secure the services and advice of some kuown and com petent person spbjecis them to imputation, if not censure. In the rural districts, where everybody is known, and every man takes ap interest in his neighbors’ affairs, ‘ke present mode of appoint ing referees may work tolerably well, bat in metropolitan districts it works badly, very badly. Ifit is necessary for the courts to secure the ser- vices of referees—and that seems to be admitied— measures should be taken to procure men of-com- petency, of officjal character, with fees or salaries so arranged that poor clients may not be robbed and fleeced by them. ‘The evils of the referee system are acknow- ledged by the judges and by all the ealightened members of the bar, and we have never heard any objection raised to the needed reform, except that comprised in the single exclamation, “Why, that would be to restore the office of Master in Chancery.” Such it would be, in fact. But we are free to admit that we do not belong to that school of progress which believes in the doctrine of suffering a newly invented evil rather than return to what has been tested by experience and found to be good, Tue WRATHER AND THE Harvest.—Yesterdey was the hottest day this eummer up to the pre sent time, the thermometer standing as high as 96 and 98 degrees in the shade; and, with the exception of this day two weeks, it was the only oppressive one of the season, Nor is it here alone that the weather has reached to a syelter- fog point. As early as the 14th of June, when it was quite cool in New York, the was 60 great in Si Petersburg, that severed