The New York Herald Newspaper, July 15, 1859, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. WHOLE NO. 8348. MORNING EDITION—FRIDAY, JULY 15, 1859. PRICE TWO CEN ‘Ss. THE WAR IN EUROPE. ARRIVAL OF THE CAKADA'S MAILS. “The Canada in Collision with An Iceberg. Our Paris, Berlin, Vienna and Brussels Correspondence, Additional Particulars of the Battle of Solferino, Map of the Battle Field ant of the Famous Quadrilateral. Interesting Speeches in the British Parliament, THE CRISIS OF THE WAR. Attitude of Russia, Prussia and England. MR. COBDEN ON AMERICA, ao, &o., de. ‘The mails of the Canada reached this city from Boston Jeet evening. Oor files are from London and Paris of the 1st of Jaty, which, with the kuers of our correspondents, contain some highly interenting facts concerning the great eyen's now trauspiring in Europe. Capt. Long, of the steamship Canada, reports, on the 9tn wast., at 4 P, M., came in collision with an icsborg, carry” feg away the boweprit, cutwater and upper part of tho main stem—all the damage being four fect above water mark. The ship has made no water, and will be ready for sea on the day appointed for sailing, It is understood, however, that she will go into the dry dosk, so a4 to ena- ble a thorough inspection to be made of her. At Paris there is an impression that the severity of the 1 6esee 60 both sides in the war will increave the prospects of avy pacific diplomatic intervention that may be cor- templated. ‘The Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs hag left Vienng for Verona, A Munich ietier of the 26th of Juae, in tre National Gatetie of Vienta says:— M. de Schrenk, the Bavarian Minister of Foreign Affairs, bad a conference yesterday at Innspruck wita the Austr). av Minister, Count de Rechberg. We are assured that the motive of this meeting was the desire of tue Bavaria Minister te learn the opinion of Austria relative to the German federal constitution, which seemed no louger ap plicabie under present circumstances. M. de Rechberg declazed that in the late negotiations between Austria and Prussia there had not been any question of German af- fairs, Those negotiations, M. de Rechberg aflirmed, were entirely unconnected with the federal relations of the two great Powers. If the federal act were de fac'o suspen ied, Austria wag not ia.®. position at the preseat moment to give sumcient attention w federat aifaire; she would co» eequently leave to the diff-rent German States the task of arranging among ives as t© the consequences re- eulting from such suspension. Worn a ‘The Paris correspondent of the London Post telegraphs tbat the King of Sardinia has refused all dictatorship or protectorate in the Pontifical States, and will confine him. nelf to tending officers charged with the maintenance 0, good order and to satisfy certain exigencies of public opinion, without in avy way interfering with the rights of the Pope. ‘The Berlin correspondent of the Nord, of the 27th of Jove, states§that in a recent circular to the European Courts Prassia renews the assurance that her policy and her military armaments have but @ defensive character, ‘and tha: ahe will not support Austria in Italy, The Berlin correspondent off the Independance Belge, of June 28, says that jt clearly appears from the circular of ‘M. de Schleinitz that the Berlin Cabinet desires to obtain the cencurrence of England and Russia for the mediation ‘that it bas ia contemplation. . . The Independanc Belge learns, by way of Vienna, that Bangary is agitated. National manifestations, putting the power of Austria in danger, have taken place at Debres- in, and Austria (adds the Independance) wil soon kave to make peace or accept allthe emergencies of an external ‘war complicated by internal ingurrectionary movements. The London Fimes, of July 2, publishes details by aneye ‘witness of the magsscre at Perugia, and devotes & leading article to the subject. ‘The London Times, of July 2, states that the housa of Botbschild, at Frankfort-on-the Maine, has taken a new five per cen! Hessen Darmatadt loan of 3,000,006 guilders at 93, The Grand Duchy of Baden is also about to issue 2,000,- 000 guilders of four per cent railway bonds at 9434. ‘The tenders of the Panama route for the new English Australian mali line were delivered on July 1 in Londen. The Ponineuler ani Oriental Company has not tendered, but the Royal Mail Company has. The regults will not be known for several days. In London, on June 1,® grand dinner was given tothe Right Hon. Sir H. G. Hayter, M. P., by independent libe. rai members of the Houge of Commons, on hig retirement from official life. ‘The standard of recruits for the British Royal Marines and Light Infantry has been reduced for growing laas of eighteen yeare of age to five feet four inches. Advices received by the Canada state that the new Rus- sian frigate General Admiral, from this port, had reached Cherbourg. The date of her arrival and particulars of tho voyage are yet unknown. Our Pasis Correspondence. Panis, June 80, 1869, The Unsatisfactory Nature of the French Despatches from the Battle Field of Soiferino—The Solicitude and Excite snent—Napoleon More and More Healted—The Rumors of Disturbance at Vienna—Great Exuliation at Paris— Noisy Demonstrations Prohibited in Future—The Disine terestedness of the French Emperor in this War, dic. ‘The despatch which announced the battle of Solferino, mocompanied as it was by the instant discharge of the guns of the Invalides, threw all Paris intoafever. The “hazy”? character of the telegraphic despatch, leaving only so much certain that the battle had been a great one and the victory also a great one, left a wide field for con- jecture. All sorts of exaggerated reports flew about. It waa said that 27,000 Austrians bad resigned themselves to a French captivity; some said 40,000. Then there was the harrowing anxiety regarding the price at which such results had been purchased. The War Office was literally besieged with nervous inquirers, and as no information could be given when nothing was known, many who ‘were privileged to do so flew to St. Cloud to see if it ‘were poesible to obtain the shade of a shadow of iatel- gence on which to; hang a hope that those dear to them were safe. ‘The rumor prevalent of disturbances at Vienna, the publication of Count Cavour’s circular to the Sardinian ‘Minusters at foreign courts, the reported demoralization of the Austrianarmy, the immense prestige given to the Allies, the splendor of the victory as a purely Bonapart- ist affair, and ifs thoroughly ‘mature, induce ‘Taany to come to the conclusion that an armistice will take Place, and the field be left open for diplomatic ingenuity, | Others think that the pear f& not quite ripe, that the Austrians will not be content yet to make the nevessary sacrifiees, and that another tremendous struggle is at ‘hand, in which the Austrian General Hess will have the ‘command unembarrassed by any imperial influence what- ever. As\yet we ate without any details to show that the vio- ‘tory in a material, whatever it may haye accomplished in moral, point of view, bas, as is sanguinely averred by ‘tbe government journals, settled the Italian oampaign Great as was the victory, the defeat had no resemblance 0 that of Waterloo, The Austrians fooghy with a gallan constancy; and when they reireated their enemies wore too exhausted to follow them. But the moral conse- quences of what has taken piace cannot be exaggerated. Following what occurred at Mentebello, ‘Magenta, Morig- pan, the cenclusien i irresistible that Austria, ¢> fay the Dest, is thoroughly out ef luck, and that each addit.o:ai move on her part will only damage her the more, As regards Nepoleon personally, it is impossible for the most carping spirit to deny that he has rendered himself more than ever the ‘ man of the situation.” It ia useless for party spirit to mutter its ominous grow!—aot a sound can be heard. But one sentiment seems universally to Prevail—that France, formerly downtrodden, helpless under the chariot wheels of the invader and the chained ion of Enrope, is now the predominant Power; that a mao has arisen who can load her legions, her mightiest hosts, sso Victory, even though the bravest troops and ‘moat scientific be ; that ‘that man is Napoleon, who too with the meanest soldier tho common peril and privation of the battle. To the Imagination of the alee ie man is seen sit- ting on his charger in the fore it of & coautless hose, the eyes of which are riveted upon him, while a ba: of murkeiry and murderous cannon balls fall around nim. The government papers dwell upon his dangers, aad seem only sorry they cannot record ihe fact of a few of his staff having been killed, or at Joast a horse shot un- der him. One account, indeed, does insinuate tha: ois epanlette was shot off.’ Toese little ‘“lickapitto” adioads ‘ave the Ices necessary 28 no one has ever for an instant doubted the 0 of Napoleon; and that it nas becn conspicuous on bis, his firat initiation as the warrior ro- oemnangyt dd @ nation immemorially famet for heroic ravery, though it has charmed and delighted every French heart, has, in reality, created no surprise. Tne most amueing thing seems to be that this groat bitile was hurried on by the Austrians for fear of another Na: 5 for whom this Italian 1, wi it may furoisa im the way of dignity and '» Promises some of those faurels which should be inseparable from tne name of Bonaparte. Could apytaing be more unfortunate for a prince anxious to wipe from his escutcheoa ine foulest as- persion, than that of flading a battle lost aad won, the decision of which had been speciaily left to the wuxilierics ‘he was bringing up, and to prepare which he had hitherto been placed apurt from the fleld of honor? To dositro, be has nos been without his congolations. Thove twelve beatt- tifol darmseis of the burgber class, Masea Dacale, who officiated as his grooms, the lovelies. of whow submitted tbeir cheeks to nis tmperial lips, should cont for some- thing a8 & set off to his cud of biterness; and 99 the French eeem to think, for there tg no en: to the ary jokes which are daily being let off at Pion Plon’s expense. The exultation of the mssges in the capital hes been to reat that not content with an Mamtnation, by far the nowt general that bas occurred for years, it found vent in equibe, crackers, petards and ali sorts ‘of pyrotechaical ipgenuities. Anything of the kind » fow months ago would bave eatatled the thunders of the Police with all manner of frightful results; bat for a time, on the pre- tent occasion, these functionaries forgot their dread oitize. [ seems, however, that intelligence was conveye: to the Minister of the Interior that certain malevolent spirits were contemplating & sinister uge of these noisy and peril ous indications of patriotiem, whl:a migat ead ia too pene conn of ae of the gered ofives, aad accord or a8 mn issued strictly forbid future flarings up of this sort. if ory Letters from individuals are continually furnishing some fresh anecdote of the various combats which again and sgain are retailed. 2he Empress, who is herself tue very Queen of bavardes, is never tired of recounting just so much ag the Emperor thinks proper to tell her. Then it is the sanfe in every boudoir, café, club room or Place of padlic yesort. Booksellers tell you they cansot sell a volume now where last year they gold ten; no one bas time for general reading; every mind is preoccupied with the war. Legitimists, Orieanists, republicans, are all interested alike, but the clean sweep that the Emperor seoms to make of all before him smothers whitever motives may be peculiar toeach. One thing, ail men, whatever their special ot are anxious to avoid: that is, insensibility to the mittary glory of France. Above and before all Franco, let whoever Will Se at its head, must be gloriously trium.- pes A few reverses, however reégretable, would por- ps give more variety to oue’s letters. Theatres aro comperatively abandoned. Tuere is a0 enthusiasm about them, and even those who from habit go to them seem to pay itive attention to tho jormance. The government journals are never tired of reiterating the essentially unselfish policy of France: that she has no design upon the 8 doroinions or thoge of the King of Naples; tbat the it of their sovereigns from Tuscany, Modena and Parma was to be regretted, and in thus digavowing the national cause they had thrown great diffl- culties in che way of their re-establishment; but France, it is again and again declared, does not ia any way pro- pose to dethrone any one in Italy, except Austrian oppres- sion, and with it the spirit of Natred and revolution, fua. questions of Tuscany, and Parma, Europe wiii~ kettle, The military dictatorship, established in the in- terest of order, is one essentially conservative. Our Berlin Correspondence. Burm, June 29, 1859, The Battle of Solferino—Its Effect in Berlin Diplomati- cally and Otherwise—The French Successes Interfering with the Plans of Prussia—Some Hopes of Peace, and Some Hopes of @ Better Understanding with Russia, dc. It is impossible to describe the sensation that has been produced here by the battle of Solferino—the second great victory obtained by the French in the course of this short campaige. In orr militery circles especially, the intelligence has made « profound impression, not unmixed with doubts end feare for the future. Hitherto the disaa- ters of the Austrian army were attributed in a great mea- sure to tho incapacity of their leader, which, perhaps, was ever exaggerated, to account for the defeat of the troops extrusted to hig command, whose perfect organiza- tion had been we highly extolled by the theoretical strate- gists of Germany, who mistake pedantry for science and outwacd show for real efficiency. Now, however, it is apparent that the inferiority of the Austrians does not arise entirely from want of military skill on the part of their commanders. This time they were headed, nominally indeed by the young Emperor, but in reality by General Hess, who enjoys, the reputation of being the ablest tactician in Europe, and who was assisted by Scblick and Benedek, the best cavalry general and the moet enterprising loader of light infantry in the Austrian service. They fought on ground they wore intimately ac- quainted with, being the site of the military evolutions which have taken place annually for the last ten years, with the express purpose of preparing for the emergency ‘that has now actually occurred. They chose their own time of attack, and the battle seems to have been gained less by manoeuvreing than by hard fighting, though the change of front effected by the French Emperor during heatof the contest is a movement that tells highly in is Vc7 Cihis gelf-possession and military coup d’ait, and of vk ¢sjepdiness and promptitade of the troops under his co . As usual, the Austrian bulletins pretend they were overpowered, and had to yield superior numbers; but this excuse can hardly be admitted, and is at variance with their previous state. ments respecting the strength of their Italian army, which are corroborated by accounts received from impartial sources. With the reinforcements that have arrived since the beginning of the campaign, to which must be added the garrisons drawn out of Piacenza, Ancona, Bologna, &c., their whole force cannot bave amounted to less than 300,000 men, and supposing them to have lost 100,000 since crossigg the Ticino, by the sword, by disease, in prisoners and deserters, they still must have had some- thing like 200,000 assembled on the banks of the Mincio, ag both the first corps, uader Schlick, and the second un- Wimpffen, were present. To oppose these Napoleon can- not have had much more than 150,000; but then he showed his superiority in genoralship by always congregating great macges in the right place, 80 that though inferior to the enemy on the whole, he was able to outaumber them at thore points on which the iasue of the battle depended. In all probability—unless an armistice should be con- cluded, of which there were flying reports yesterday on ’Change—his next move will be the passage of the Mincio; ‘and I should not be surprised if the Austrians wore to re- tire at once behind the Adige, as their troops cannot but be greatly demoralized by suah a continuance of ill luck; and the sudden flight of the Emperor Francia Joseph, who, it is gaid, was one of the first to leave the fleld of battle, and now returns post haste to Vienna, can hardly have contributed to revive their drooping spirits, How long the famous quadrangle of fortresses will hold out under these circumstances is a question that must soon be decided. To judge from precedents—considering with what precipitation strongholds like Piacenza and Pizzighet- tone were abandoned—they will not give the French Em- Peror near #0 much trouble as was expected, particularly ag he has the comumnd of the sea, and can take them in the rear at any moment by landing a detachment acar Venice. It is not enough for a place to be as strong as Sebastopol; it must be defended, like Sebastopol wag defended. ‘The perplexity whieh the Prussinn government has been in ever sinee the breaking ont of the war is nota little increased by the startling events that follow each other in rapid succession. With the retreat of the Austrian army fim one position to amother, the period is drawing nearer and nearer when the fron- ‘tiers of Germany itself will be monaced, and Prussia will be called upon by her federal engagements to lend ® helping hand td her unfortunate neighbor, while the brilliant successes of the French—which must have raised the enthusiaem of that excitable nation to the highest piteh—and the military taients displayed so unexpectedly y their Emperor, malo the prospect of being involved im Restilities with them, and having to bear the whole Drums ef their furious enslacgb!, by ne monne reassuring te a country that for almost half « ceniury bas ropvoe! im the bosem ef profound peace, interrupted oxly by the revolutionary skirmishes of 1843 ani 1519, and whose army is entirely unacquslated #1 t+ | sppearance of enthusiasu, it is evident to the least dis- military art, except in so far as it may be required vy toe | orsmpe sp’ mild process of drill and parade. There are som: «'+” {ate who are ef opinion that two months attar a de are THE BATTLE FELD OF SOLFERINO AND THE FAMOUS SQUARE. pat Berlin, #0 little confidence do they feel m the obsolete tactics of their generals and the unskilled valor of their soldiers. Without viewing matters in quite so desperate alight, it must be acknowledged that such a conflict would expose the safety of the Prussian monarchy to extreme begaro; it ‘would be a struggle for life and death, the issue of which no man could foretell, and which no Prussian statesman would enter upon without serious misgivings, I bave already informed you that Prussia was about to make to Louis Napoleon for a general pacifica- tion, ostensibly on the basis of the status quo, but in reality confining herself to the retention of the Mincio line by Austria, which is regarded as & military barrier indispensable to the security of . 1 was to give weight to these attempla ut mediation that the mobiization of the army was re- solved upon, and reports were even current that Count Pourtalés, the Prussian Ambassador at Paris, had been ordered 20 repair forthwith to the French headquarters, for the purpore of submitting the propositions of his court to Louis Napoleon. This rumor, however, waa pre- matare, and did not allow for the proverb:al slowness of German diplomacy. In the first place, the Austrians had not yet consented to give up Lombardy, even if they were guaranteed the poseeesion of Venetia; on the contrary, Ubey expreesed the most sanguine hopes that after the arrival of fresh reinforcements, and after their troops had recovered from the fatigues of the long merches and countermarches they hac been subjected to, they would ‘be epabled not merely ta defend tne line of the Mincio, Dut to retrieve all their previous reverses, and to drive the Allies beyond the Ticino, It is very likely that the Jast battle may have effected some change in their views, and have inclined them to lend a more willing car to the triendly advice of Prussia; but up to the present moment there are no positive indications that such is really the case, In the second place, it 1s absolutely necessary for this government to come to an understanding with the other German States in reference to the actual poiitical and the possible military operations which, to be effici- ently conducted, must be removed from the cognizance of that many-headed body, the Frankfort Diet, and en- trusted to the exciusive direction of Prussia, as its most powerful member. A resolution has been proposed by the Prussian Ambassador, M. d’Usedorn, for ptacing an army of observation on the Rhine, and a second on the ‘Maun, to be com] partly of Prossians and partly of federal troops, the chief command of which, however, is to be vested in the hands of Prussia; and it remains to be seen how the petty German princes will relish this invasion of their prerogative. Strenuoug exertions, too, are being made by the Cabinet of Berlin to piace their relations with Great Britain and Russia on a satisfactory footing, and Iam given to understand that these endeavors have not been quite unavailing. You are aware that for some time there had been a considerable coolness between this court and that of St. Petersburg, bot it is gradually wosring off, and the bonds of relation: ship that connect the two dynasties are being cemented by an interchange of courksiea and visits. The Czar's sister, the Grand Duchees Mary of Leuchtenburg, arrived here a few @ys ago; the Emprees Dowager is expected on the Ist, en route for the waters of Ems, and a deputation of Prussian officers will be despatched w St. Petersburg to attend at. the inauguration of a statue erected to the memory of Nicholas. These demonstrations of cor- diality may not have any great political importance; but they show, at least, that whatever misunder. standings may have arisen between the two governmen i they are not of so erious a nature as to warraut the ap- prehensions entertained of their leading to a total breach. On the whole there is a pacific undercurrent running through European politics just now, which may have a salutary effect upon the negotiations that are abont to be entered into. The fit of warlike ardor that impeiled Prus- sia to undertake an armed mediation on her own hook has beon cooled down by the recent intelligence from the seat of war; and the Prince Regent, to whose personal in- terference this sudden paroxysm is ascribed, appears to ave returned to the conviction that it is more advisable to await the course of events, and to concert moasures with the two other great neutral Powers, than to engage bimeelf irrevocably in a line of policy the results of which might imperil tho very existence of his brother's kingdom and his own inheritance. At any rate, we may ‘venture to predict that unless some new imbrogtio—an in- surrection in Hangary, for instance~should happen, a considerable time will elapee before Prussia appears upon ‘the scene of action. The late Baron Humboldt left a noble library, contain- ing an immense collection of works on natural bistory, physics, astrenomy, geography ethnology, and almost every other branch of science. A statement has been going the rounds of the newspapers that it has been purcuase1 ‘by the American Ambassador at Berlin; but this is quite a mistake, Ihave no doubt Governor Wright, who was a great friend of Humboldt, would be glad to have so va- tuable a collection, the interest of which is @ahanced by its connection with the most illustrious savant of our age; but the representatives of the United States abroad are not 80 well paid as to be able to indulge in such expenmyo luxuries. The Humboldt library would bea suitable ac- juisition for the American think, id purehase of this relic of the venarabie philosopher the and phitanthropist'who may take raak next to Columbus as the second discoverer of America. Oar Vienna Correspondence. Vinwwa, Jane 24, 1859. The War in Germany—The Conscripts for the Army—The Feeling Among the People—Rotten Condition of the Aus- trian Empire—Effect of te War on Trade—Stoppage of the Lloyd Sleamers—Mr. Lever, ‘the Man for Galway,” Trying to Start Them—Commerce of the Adriatho—Opening of New Ports—The Battle of Soiferino—What the Vien- nese Thought of H#—Will there be Peace, dc There ts noting going on, nothing thought of, nothing | by are ximoa, bursting wit! thom of war either the French or the Russians wouls bein | cling round the necks of talked of threcgh all Ge railway station wo meet Diowuges ander the charge @/ r cossoripts, the men drawn country to bear arms, Thoaga there ig music and some tator tbe Hw and cor ris are far away, among de, and gome hearts nearer gcief; young damsela, who their lovers or brothers fhete ay vince ripe for revolution, an enemy sumerous and armed marobing with the pace of s conqueror, and led by two kings who are already bailed as deliverers—with this state of things, added tothe fact that nearly the whole civilized world is against them, how can the Aus- trians hope to retain Lombardy? There is not one chance in one thousand that they will succeed. In the midst of all this trouble, commerce, as you may well imagine, is well nigh at an end. The Austrian Lioyds line of steamers . rom Trieste to the Ionian Islands, Smyr- pa, Alexandria and Constantinople, are shut up—ten or twelve of the steamers lying snug under the guns of the English fortress at Corfu. Some efforts have been made to reopen the line under the Engliah flag, and tho enter- prising Mr. Lever, M. P. for Galway, and founder of the Galway and New York line of steamers, has 4 a visit to Viena at the direct invitation of the Ausirian govern- ment, What the result will be remains to be seen. Front some indications I have observed here in the manage- ment of affairs, I should judge the circumiocutton office to be in full operation, and how not to do it the chief end and aim of the State in businces transactions, And look for moment at the condition of the commerce of this upfortunate and msgoverned country. Austria only comes to the tide water a toe boad of the Adriatic. Venice is shut up by hostilities, trieste blockaded, Pola menaced by a French fleet, commercial ‘steamners all withdrawn from the postal ronces, trade by seu completely at an end—and what shoulg we imugine the condition and temper of the commerciai®iaeses would be, in case the goverument de- ches to reopen steam communication with Corfa, Greece, Egypt, Asia Minor and Turkey? Foreign com- merce through the only mariage outlet is literally dead. American merchants *have htile ides of the vast extent of trade between Austria and the ports and provinces on the eastern shore of the Adriatic, und also vetween Trieste and the isianés of tho Grecian Archipelago, This war will undoubtedly do some good and open some rich com- mercial martes hitherto kept ciose by the Austrians—as bonnes bouches—witnout reason, law or rigat. Some of these places are now coming into notice, and are worth e little descripwon. Pola, aear the bead of the peninsula that extence south of Erieste, is, with one excep:ion, the finest baroor in tbe Adriatic, It bas long been in a state Of Bemidecay, but is pow coming up, and bids fair soon to de @ formidable rival for Trieste, from which it is distant about sixty miies, You have, no doubt, heara of Zora, Ragoss and Cattaro, the Grat two seaport towns, and the Jaet ua inlet or bay as well asa town, and ali im the province of Dalmatia, on the eastern shore of the Acriatic. Cattaro is the best harbor in Austria or i the Ad- riatic, being trom twenty to twenty-five fathoms in depth, and completely protected on all sides. There have been two treaties made between Austria and Turkey relatiug to the commercial tretlic of # bay or inlet known as ‘ the Kick.” As I undersvnd, by the first of these treaties, Turkey was to have from the Adriatic a passage or right of way through the etrip of Austrian dommions (in Dal- mavia) to the inland region of European Turkey. Austria bouna berseif not to fortify or obstruct this passage, leay- ing it ag an unobstructed Ligiway for the Curkish govera- ment und suojects, whose dominion docs not reach the fea in this vicinity. Bot austria, in direct coutravention of both we treaties, erected fortifications on both sides of the bay. The locality of ‘the Kiek’’ is not far from Regusa, though you cannot find iton any modern map, neither can I, ough [havo purchased stx or ssven of Italy, Austria aud the Adriatic, since I c»me to Vienna. Tne \urke—undountedly looking at the protecung arm of Jobn Buil—seem disposed to stand by their rights, and nave lately landed 6,C00 men on that coast, ing through the Klek directly by the Austrian forts. I pre- anme, from these indications, that gunpowder ant canaon 8202 are vot likely toiall in price on the shores of the Adriatic for gowe time to come, There has many ® emailer cloud thao this gatbered into a terrife storm. I am told that the merchants of Vienna and Trieste, doing business in and through the later, have carried on a trade through the ports of Daimatia into European Tar- key—a trade that in magnitude and enormous profits oat- siders have no conception of. The great difficulty in tnis country is this:—The government iteeif, with afew fa- vorites, monopotise every profitable branch of stream and commerce. The Austrian Lioyds receive about one mi}ion dotlars from the government as 2 subsidy for (Weir muil steam communication from Trieste to Gresve, Feypt aud Torkey. Of course, so far ay steam is con. cerned, this monopolizss the whole traffic: even the Greeks, with ail their shrewdness and commercial talent, cannot give them any opposition, But there is ao im: meuse coasting trade by means of myriads of smail sail- ing versele, thousands of which run between the ports of Dalmana and friéste and Veuice. The press here being muzzled, of course such a thing as publicity in im- portant government and commercial as if they were to be torn from thom forever. One feeling is evident through the German States—Hanover, Saxony, Bohemia and Prussia—and that 48, that the people at large care not one fig for the Austrian possessions in Italy; nay, that Lombardy hangs like an in- cubug about the neck of the Austrian government, form- ing a dangerous inheritance, inasmuch as the Lombard and Venetians are diasatisfied, not loyal, and that they have the sympathy of other nations as they are now re- ceiving the active assistance of the French and Sardi. nians. None of the Germans believe the Austrians to be infe- rior as soldiers to the French and Piedmontese. They say that the Austrians when defeated are never disheartened, | ‘and that they go into the next dght with just as much courage and hope as ever. They say that they may be | 44. defeated in forty-nine batties and in the fiftieth nweep their enemies from the field. They ,do not carry the moral power of philosophers and politicians with them Into the field; but they are fighting mackines, and very good ones they are too. The Austrians claim that thére are 280,000 men in the Army of Italy; that the for- treeses of Verona, Mantua and Vicenza, are ten times as strong as they were in the ways of the elder Napoleon. ‘When that youthful cocqueror marched through Italy ia 1796, he found no child’s play. But after ail there ia no chance for the Austrians in tho campaiga or in the war- ‘They may brag and boast as they please, but it is a moral power quite ag much ag the patriotism of the Sardinians or the fiery enthusiasm of the Zouaves, that is sweeping the Austrians from a soil where their presence is loathed like the pestilence itself, You may account for itas you please; there is a calmness of demeanor in the people through aif the German States, but I think more particularly hore in the Austrian capital, which amounts almost to a stolid in- difference to future events, The fact is the Austrians pertake pretty largely of the blood of tho Orientals. The swarthy skin, dark eye and total lack of enthusiagm are seen in almost every countenance. And, however absurd and improbable it may seem, there is a positive indifference amongst nearly all the Austrian popu- lation ag to the final success of the Italian struggle. This, however, is a political, not an ethnological fact. The real state of the case Is, the Austrian government and the Austrian people are two distinct bodies, each toa cortain extent independent of the other. His Imperial Majesty Francis Joseph, the reigning Emperor of Austria, isa duil and stupid youth, some distance, it ia true, above the idiot, but a long way below the mark of good common sense and intelligence. Of course such a ruler, particu- larly as he is scarcely out of his boyhood, is nothing but a tool in the hands of designing men. The errors that are now weighing down the fortunes of the Austrian cam- paign were committed before the war commenced. On coming to power, instead of summoning men of busi- nees and experience, the repregcntatives of the best and most influential classes, to aid in his councile, the young Emperor threw himself into the arms of the Jésulta, and this, like the shock of a torpedo in contact with the swim- mer, paralyzed and left him helpless. It istrue a great portion of the State are Catholic, but only a small part are Jesuits, and the great bulk of the Romish church are justly jealous of the gecret and wily influence and great power of the mysterious Society of Jesus,so that now the Austrian State is governed by a secret, powerful ec- cleSastical junta, a epecies of cabinet that may be said to be hated by both gods and men. The Jews area powerful fraternity here in Austria, The Rothschilds are only One amoug numerous firms and families of Israciites who have large capital, and carry on and man- ege heavy transactions in the financial and commorcia transections, except what interested parties choose to make known, is quite out of the question. At tne clude here, and in some of the large coffee rooms, foreign papers ere taken and eagerly read Dy both strangers und aus- trians. I need scarcely exy that two that are read with most avidity are the Loadon Times and the New York HeraLy. Coal in the Adriatic is now worty four pounds sterling ($20) @ ton, and it will he double toat in jess than six months if tue war continues. And look at the condition of Austrian credit to-day. Austrian paper money ia nominally worth a pound sterling for tn toring, and wasactually worth that a short time go. Now the pound sterling will buy fourveen florins and 4v-100 of a form. The paper money—small notes of one, ten and @ hundred florins (guideo)—are tn circulation everywhere, and universally uset in buy- dng and gelling, but the traveller from England, with his mash gold, buys about fourieen and a half for the sove- reign. Every now and then one of thove infamous travsactions comes to light that makes the heart of humanity shudder at the iron grasp and infamous atrocities of this despotic government. The news came that the Austrian Emperor was withdre wing bie army and going to evacuate Lom- bardy and give up possession, and nearly everyvody be- lieved it. At that juncture some mien in the position of porters and waiters were observed to have some French gold, and forthwith they were arrest- |. Seeing trouble they confessed that certain noblemen (Austrians) bad given them this money to as- sist in getting up @ rebellion m Venice. The police at once went to the houses of ail the noblemen jmplicated, teized them, and without apy delay, examination or op: portunity for defence, they were carried offto a fortress in Bohentia. This took place here in Vienna, in open day- light, and the sympathy was so great for the untortunate gentlemen and noblemen that one would have thought it to be a funeral of the most beloved and distinguished per- sons in the State. As strangers, we have no apnoyance avout our pass- ports. They were examined and vised at the frontier (Bo- denbach) free of expense and without dolay, and ‘since that we stop in any city or town, go anywhere, and are not asked for our passports again till we leave the country. Even then we d9 not have to get them visid again. Since coming from Prague we have seen a great macy trains on the railways carrying soldiers, commissariat wa- gona and military stores. Several plwes that we have passed wo saw great numbers of horses, apparently just collected for the army. Tey ere tied up to a long straight. rope that is fastened to a row of stakes, and in charge of soldiers. They appear to be rather small in size, but close knit, tough, hardy looking animeis. Many of the poor brutes, like the still more unfortunate soldiers that we saw, will prove food for powder—bave heads and limbs carried away by caunon shot. POSTSORIPT. Sarorpay, June 25, 1859, The news bas just arrived of the great battle of Solfe- rino, The Austrians claim the advantage on the first day, but admit the retreat on the last and final engago- ment. We have only the telegraphic account as yet, but every one seems to know aboat it, and nearly every one, ag you would not imagine, seems to care precious littie. The universal opinion, 80 far as I have heard it expressed, is that Lombardy is lost. But how different are such mat- ters taken here from what they are in England or Ame- rica, There ig no apparent anxiety, certainly no excite- ment; you see no knots or crowds of people reading or discussing the news, and altogether the tone of public opinion seems about as near perfect indifference as you can well imagine, In fact, Ido not believe three-fourths of the Austrian population care sixpence whether Austria retains Lombardy or not. The population of Austria do not appear to me like the race that I have been accustomed to consider ag Germans. They have the spare forms and cold, unimpsssioned look of all the populations on the shores of the Levant. I believe they are really incapable of apy enthusiasm. Your Prussian, Saxon, Bohemian, Bayarian, Hanoverian and Rhenish Germans are a jolly, light-hearted people—not so the Austrians. The question now is, will this great battle decide the wat? ithivk not. As J atated, the Austrians may be de- feated, but never conquered, incase the Austrians are disposed to treat for peace, either now or after being flogged again, nothing can be expected except the cloze of the Austrian reign in Italy. I look on it ag absolutely cer- tain that Russia has the full plan of a campaign already made out. Ofcourse this littie tune is to be piayed in concert with the figure that France is dancing in Italy. ‘Alexander and-Nepoleon—arcades ambo—despots both, If this battie and the —— prove decisive and oenclu- sive so far as Lombardy is concerned, a peace may be concluded between the belligerent parties. But (hat peace, -| $f made at this juncture, will not last two years, Russia is de- termined to take Constantinople, and eituer reduce Turkey world, Then there are nota few Protestants. During the halcyon days of peace—the last five or six years—the Emperor has not been improving his mumerous opportu nities, With good crops, prosperous times and a state o peace, taxes have been collected with rigor, and the na- tion bas been constantly running into debt; and during all this time he bas never watched the indications of public The wishes of the nobles, the prosperity and well being of the landed proprietors, and the business interests of the commercial community have not been cared for or at- tended to. Now, when the State ts in trouble deep and dire, and the Emperor in imminent danger of losing the most briiliast gem in his crown, the very classes who have the powdr ton thrane say, “Let the empire be riven in two.” Now, look at the condition of things. (The strong box of the government, like the finances and coffers of Sir John Falstaff, . —— sound With hollow poverty and emptiness. With g etopid youth for a sovereign, priests and wo- men for counsellors, the treasury nearly ‘bankrupt, the nobles and business men indifferent or hostile, the popu- Jation goontented, oppressed, and not Patriotic, # pre- to the position of a Russian colony, or swallow it up alto- gether’ apd Franco a bound to have Naples for a Prince Murat and Rome for his cousin—the rollicking fellow ‘that married the Sardinian princess. So goes the world in the East. More about the effect of this baitle on Aus- trian public opinion in my next. Our Brussels Correspondence. Brosasia, June 30, 1869. he State of Germany—Tne Position of Prussia—~ Prospects of Peace—Germany to be a United Power—The Law of Mobilieation in Pruscid—Ite Working and‘ tie Rigor— Frenoh Army on the Rhine—Discontent in Germang—A Faw Questions for Washington, dc., de., &2. Ihave just returned from my tour of observatin on the Rhine, in Germany and the nerf of Franee. It is with great satisfaction that I am able to inform yon that Prusaia bas adhered toher neutral policy, notwithstand ing the imprudent note from Rassis; and this determina. tion at Berlin, added to the moderation of France and the position of England and Russia, almost guarantees the early restoration of peace. The Russian govorn- ment bes explained in the most honorable man- ner, that the note whieh gave such just offence to public opiniva ja Prussia wag not intended to this army is imteaded simply to defend the soit apply to that Powor, bul to those anisy iitio datos ime @ interest of Austria which have ovutridue! so xreatiy (© this European trouble and now desire to extend The copious extracts and translations herewith enclosed ave You, from different points of view, the ow of that tide ef Public opinion which ia setting in agninst the Projenga- tion of the war and against Austrian policy. The return of the Emperor of Austria to Vienna, and the concessions granted go ungraciously to the Protestants of his empire, may be looked upon as @ breach with the ultra Catholic party, and, taken in connection with the course ef Franea and Sardinia in regard to territorial rights of the Holy See, have their significance. Wemay anticipate, therefore, that the first a1 of this great question is passed. The ‘‘new er- der of things in Italy”? is established, and, as the mau ‘said some time since, a new order of things in Ttaly means @ new order of things ia Germany. Upon thia new order of things Austria end Prussia are now entermg, and herein ig found the real question for serious consideration, Referring back to one of my earlier letters, I reaffirm that if driven out of Italy, Austria must of necessity baye | pohcy romewbere, and uct being able to exert it against Torkey (Rusgia being ia oppositica there) nor against the Principalities, she will soon be engaged against Prussia within the Germantc Confederation, In such case France will, by keeping quict, witness at her convenience a do- Mostic sgitauon, in Germany, giving the weight ot ber in- fluence probably in favor of Prussia, The result is palpa- die.£{Prugcia herself will fcish the work already begun by France. The false idea that Austria is necessary to the balance of power in Europe will give ‘way to the truer one of a united Germany, and Prussia will inberit the power. What lies in the fature of this consoll- dation ¥ of Germany into one Power, under the government of Prussia, no man can tell, We may Dupe tuatit will be & practical reat\zation order of things, the foundation of which sulle nae BUL Wo Coouus close our eyes io the fact that tote onso- dation 0! Germany would be a euvstantial iscresse in the power of dugland as against France, while tne dee- trucuiob of Austria and expuigion of kbe Turks from Eo- Tope will be an increase oa the oiner band of the power of Busia sgainst these Wemern Powers, it was my intention to have given your readers some Soc of the practical working of ae mo»lization in TUREIA. ‘theae things wili soon be forgotten {1 restored peace, to which Prussia nas «0 sacoh enerenate o 1 may fay, bowever, that public opinion in Germany is ecided)y against any participation ip the war, except in defenoing we fatherland. as to invading France, or m on Paris, or joining Austria it the Italian cause, the Germans do not dream of, The expense of tbe mobilization ia about 1,000,100 thalers a day, and on the Ast day of July the new tax of 25 per cent comen into Operation. I bave before me a letier from a highly infla- ential cource in Germany, stating that if this state of ‘ubings i» prolonged there will be serious trouble. People, in fact, are tasting practically che first burthea of War, and after they bage Jabored under the load for ays, and a new loan, or possibly a forced Joan, is d YoU may depend ow it military aympathy for Austria be atanend. No man knows this beiter than Napoleon. In the meanwhile bis finest troops are in tne France. He has nearly 300,000 men under arms twenty-four hours of the Rhine. This is known Ty socicty, aud the fact bus ite influence. I bel i a 3 against invasion. With such tioas Napoteon very woll pend'a month or two "mn begutlat Tialy weil ip bana all the time. month will eufllce for Prussia. She cannot spare one million thalers per day, 25 per cent increased taxation ‘8 forced loan. ha is the ee Gy tive in ite operations. The banker, the merchant, confidential coe the cashier, the head of a commerciat iirm, the fatber of a family, are equally liable wo be taken, wtb the grocm, or the riding horse, or the day Iaborer. ‘What becomes of the bauk’s affairs, of the com- merce of tbe country, of ihe tamilies?—you nak. Well, ure ruined, that’s al. I kvow one manuiacturer abo loet Sie cashier, his moat experienced foreman, his engmeer and geveral essential men, upon @ day’s notice. The mill was Closed. I know another gentieman who was taken from Dis busincse—ois closed—from his wife and chil- dren, and marched off to do duty. One poor woman hanged berself; apother threw herself into the Rhine, ‘The carriage horses of private gentiemen are taken, an in- adequate compensation paid, and, perhaps, their late own- ers compelled to wee them’ mouned by officers. 250,00 men are thus called out, and another call over the counts y, and twenty-five per cent additiona: tex- Quon 16 imposed, aud @ forced loan looming up in the future, you ean understaud that Prustia will be sapported in aby reasonable effort to restore peace and pu these things. Austria, who has brought all this evil, misery, an ruin npon Germany, hereafter when e comes to Contront Prussia in the domestic affairs bg seg s§ idle in . tt may Not be idle in us to ask if Napoleon will Europe quiet fora few years, to carry out with his Pale friend Paimerston their old pians in the West Indies, Can- tral America and Mexico? Will the search orders be vived? Will Belly besupported in Niceragua? Will church party in Mexico receive aid from France and Spain? Is the ‘‘ sure game” ef Count Sartiges,i n futuro? THE BATTLE OF SOLFERINO. Additional Details of the Great Fight— of the Battle Field. ee ‘The subjoined highly interesting details of the battle o¢ Solferino are accompanied by a map of the field, which ‘will materially assist the reader’s understanding of those descriptions. It will be seen that there are some strange rumorsjabout the French losses, particnlarly of generals, and that Napoleon bad not crogsed the Mincio, Though the acvount of the battle from the French army is not eatisfactory, yet there can be no doubt it was a French victory. fi THE FRENCH ACCOUNTS. (Solferino (Jane 26) correspondence of Galjgnani’s Mes- Senger.) Solferino is village like any other Lombard or Pied- moxtese ore, like Montebello, or Buffalora, or Magenta, or Melagnsno. Ina military point of view,’ however, it ix sometuing more than a lot of houses placed in an agreeable plain covered with trees aod crops; the enemy made of it an important strategical position, and the corps of Mar- a Baraguay d’Hilliers Was charged to attack it at dawn day. Before five o’clock the two divisions of that corps rushed on the village, andcn the Jittle biils which surroand it; and then commenced a conilict £0 flerce that nocne who figured ia it could give me au account of what took place. ‘Mix up blood, smoke, dust, the firiag of muskets,the clat- “tering of arms, the cries of soldiers, the of druD8—1ake a ragout of all that, and you have the taking of Soiferino 1” said a soldier to me. After that operation, which lasted two hours, the First corps, instead of repos- ing, was ordered to take the direction of Pozzolengo, to carry allthe positions on its way, and to join the Sardi- Bian army, wbich was fighting against forces doable ite own. The march was rapidiy aud brilliantly effected. All the positions were carried, and the enemy was dislodged Without being able to make head for a moment. Whilst the corps of Baraguay d’Hilliers was thus exe- cuting the orders of the Emperor, to whom bel the honor of baving directed the attack exvendioz over from tour to five leagues, the corps of Marsha) de McMahon was ia the pisin to the right, in sight of San Cassiano. This also is a village which was unknown yesterday and is now celebrated. The order to the Second cor; was to extend to the right co as to unite with Fourth corps, that of General Niel, which was marching with giant etens towards Medois. Whilst theee move- ments were being effected, the Guard—infantry, artillery and cavalry—entered Jn line. Zhere were two solutions of continuity in our front, which it was necessary to fitt up—one near San 10, between the lat and 2d cor, the other to the right of the 2d corpa, whilst waiting Toe the arrival of the corps of General Niel. The first void was filled up by all the infantry of the Guard, grena- diere, light infantry, riflemen and Zouaves, support- of the Guard, of which ed by several batteries of urtilier; the Raperor intended personaily to direct the attack. Tue second void was afterwards fliled up by the light dra- goons, cuiraseiers and aragoons of the Guard, re- yoforced by bugsars and chasreura d’ Afrique taken from the two corps of Baraguay d’Hillers and non, These two operaiions displayed groat knowledge of the science of war. Tho eu in the cud became of that opinion; and when ‘sn atta was commenced on the three pointe—Cagsiano, Cavrians, and Medola—the encounter was terribic. Atter a while the enemy made a forward movement, reckoning on the space between the Second corps aud Niei’s corps being un- occupied, But the void there no fear wt Notonty had all the cavalry of the Guard, ry }, been collected there, but the corps of Niel had arrived. The promptitude with which entered on action excited the admiration of all it, General Niel handled his soldiers as the guished tactician would have done ‘“ We couid almost believe we were manwuvring on the said a soldier, The attack which engued was with complete success. [Cavriana (June 25) Correspondence of Galignani’s senger.} We arrived at Castiglione o'clock ing, and found a column of Franc ‘8 league distemce with the Austrians, commanded eral Camou, came to thei inf er ing this reinforcement the formor soree railled and