The New York Herald Newspaper, July 4, 1859, Page 2

2 greater facility, With the Austrian system of recruiting it ts imposible to make real ¥ eflicevtsoidiore. A peasaut doy Js enbeted pomwai'y for eight yoars, but after wo, leave Of absence is given, and hy Is det called om again except ia care of war Cares fourths of this army, toeu, even of ryien, ere wea of lesk than two years? service, meu the warfare Of (his Country most ve most ire 90 DUMErOUS tbat Lbey Devor ses nin w ‘ouy'e Of Hundred yards, and own enpporis. That au army so com- they Lever see the pored cap wave forght on equal terms for ten noure witha Superior force of pikcd Freuch troops proves that with Z00 mapagement during this campaign the msn caa be depended ou wext year W0 do auy tuing which voldiers have ever done Like a] allied armies, the French and Sardiotans abaso Frevob prisoners say of their frieuts & Cr each r * ap, carried off by a pstro ch Guaros newer swopped runaiag fr 10 Austriaa sol- Some of them were seen Cratarvieing with par tles of the French, who did not kaow ih country and Were waiking off straight to Mian. The Freveti having | Drandy in their canieens ond she Austriann water, may have added to their mutusl amtability Thocommiskariat | of this army is not good, Clam’s mea left Milan for | San Martino at daybrewk On the 31 iwst., some of them having just arrived from Verona, aad for fifty hours tam aseured they did not even get a piece of bread. Anew division of the armics is ¢xpected shortly, the Firet and Ninth corps, ‘hough operating with the second army, belonging to the first. Tho fourth army is ear pelersens ‘and 1s also destined for Ivaly when thoroughly or- 8 . Each Austrian corps d’armee consists of two divisions under a Hevtenaut general, or licutenant deld marshal, ag they call it bere; the divisions generaily have two brigades, but some few have three; the brigade con- sits of four baitelions of infantry, ‘a troop of cavairy and a battery of artilory—in ali 4,200 men whea com plete. Besides these there is a forca of reserve arti‘lery and a cavalry corps, under General Count Measdortf, & Woet dashing officer. By the way, I negiected in my last letter to mention the name of the colone! who led tast gallant charge at Ponte Magenta. It was Baron Exitshoim With tbres troops of b's regiment, the Preussen Gussara’ In consequence of the frightful slaaghter of officers in every late affair the Emperor bas ordered that thoy Bha!l wear caps. This will be a great boon to the Quarter- master Geveral’s staff, of whom thirteen bave falien al. Foady, being 0 easily known by their light green plamce. Ife battle is accepted on this side of the cro the Aus- triavs must hurry up more cavalry. At present they have only §,000—quite enough for patrolling, but utterly insuil Cient to mancuvre on the open country abeut Montechiaro and Castegiione, The people are very frank with the Austrian officers, They acknowledge that they would prefer to be under a purely Lom\vara government, but they add that if either France or Savey attempt to annex them they will assist ‘the Austrisus to come back. STATISTICS Sea AUSTRIAN ARMY. THE NATIONALITIES IN THB AUSTRIAN ARMY. ‘The Austrian army is raised and composed accor Jing to OS unidorm recruiting system. Ia timeof peace one per cout of the whole population of the empire is permauentiy vander arms, ‘The popalation of Austria now being 39, 500,000, the strength of the army amounts to 395,000 men. Im time of war the number of the army can be doubled, by taking two per cent of the whole population, and | recowned, not only in Bohemia but in Europe. A Veno- | Fourth Army, or Army of | Polana (Galteta! 2 Corps d’Armer sess, 84,000 63,000 104,000 13th Corps.’ , DOW about to be formed,..... 0 = - 52,000 al } om sa eeee 1000 029,000 — 705,000 | THE NEW AUSTRIAN COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. | BIOGRAPHICAL SKBTCH OP FRANZ SCALICK, COUNT OF | BASSANO AND WSISSKIRCBEN, NOW COMMANDSR- IN-OHIBF OF THS AUSTRIAN ARMY, Tbe now Commander-in Chief of the Austrian army in | Aulio Councillor and Chamberlain to the Emperor Fra ois Joseph, was born in Prague in 1789, He desconds from one of the oldest families of the Bohemian noility. Already im the twelfth century we find the mame of the Schlicks, on the side of the Czerning, Kinskis, Kote and Sternbergs, ‘n the annals of Bobemian history. At the close of the fourteenth century the family became sui” denly, by a happy accident, one of the ricaest and most tian merchant travelling on horseback over the Erzgebirge, from Bohemis to Saxony, discovered on the spot where Pow stands the town of Joachimsthal (six miles from Carls- bad), the richest silver mines which Europe evor pos- sessed. The shrewd Venetian knew onough to keep bis secret for some years, and, working with a email body of Italian miners, he gathered immense wealth, which he divided with the proprietor of the soil, the Couat Joachim Sebiiek. As scon as the discovery became known thoasands 0 perple fom Bohemia and Saxony, and even from Belgium acd Eogiand, migrated to the new El Dorado, and in 1516 we find in the valley of Juachimsthal aot less than 29,000 miners abd workmen. The towus of Joachimsthal, Got- teegab and others, aprungjup with the samo quickness as b movero times the towas of Catiforatan and Ausiralisn gold feos; and the Counts Sontick, in their quality as grourdholders, grew exceedingly rich’by the same mesas apd ol:cumstances by which Capiain Sutter, in California, ought to have amassed his fabulous fortuae, Being the feotfers of that part of tne couatry, the Schlicks Italy, General Count Schlick de Bassano and Welsskirchen: | NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JULY 4, 1859. | three or four years, tho men are allowed to goom fur- lough, which is renewed at -bort periods, thoy have served their time. It is only sivce the war begua thet these mow have been called in, aud most of them have by ‘this ume arrived, Their sumber alone will add quite a third w the forces, and theo it must be remoem)ered that these are not recruits, but seasoued soldiers, most of thom dating from the Crimean campaign. ‘Tbus both partics are prepartyg with equal vigor for the great occasion. In the mesu time, until it bappans, the allied armice, at amy rate, have an agreeable timo of it in thie fertic and beautiful Lombard plain, through which they are marching. It is like an agreeable mesade in A@park, Although the covotry betweem Milsa amd the Adda if similar to that further west, yet the richness of the vegetation, combined with the perfection of cultiva: tion, gives itam entirely different Character. Thus you Dave tho long, straight chausées, it 18 true, but they are ‘Ot those monotonous sunouret roads, with equally mono- tonous rows of willows, or naked, closely planted popiars, ore close as charity boys, but you fave a road pro- tected in most parts by high, full spread cheatnuts, pop: are apd elms, which impart shade even at noon- day. Two little ditches, witm clear, flowing Streams on both aides, imparts additional fresi- news, and vivify a dense mass Of brushwood aad creepers at the toot of the high trees, Besides the wild vine, which creeps up fracofally under the branches of ite more powerful neighbors, you flud there acquaintances—the vut, the raspberry, the crs ry. every variety of the three, while at their dovt, near the fresh water, nestle a number of wild flowers in all their varied garments. The side roads are no longer those tire fom* nursery garden rows, which must have served as models for the background in tbe pictures of = carly Italian school. The richness of the vegetation has tr: formed them into delicious cool country lanes. Tho rich. flolds have quite disapveared, and the corn-flelds aro much lees frequent. Instead of them the eye roams over jurge plote of grass, chiefly thick Lucerne, which is growa io @ quantities ia this country, renowned for its dairies, The furmal enclosures beyond are so completely hiddoa by the richuess of the brushwood and the free growth of the trees, that they seem the borders of a considerable forest, just suflicienty cleared to admit the grass plot. All this mags of verdure is animated by the kong Cf the nightingsle, the biackbird and lark, who seem, to have forgotten the numerous sportemen of Lombardy, or perbaps think that, while the cry is “Morte wi Tedeschi,” they, as good patriots, have nothing to fear. From Milan all along to the Adda the villages succeed each other with 8 mouch rapidity almost as ia the neighborhood of Loa. bad the exclusive right of coining mooey, and the first silver doliars coined in Euroge came out of tha mint of Count Scbiick of Joachimsthal, and were called Joachim’s thaler, the word thaler being an adjective coming out Or being and belonging to the valley; therefore our * al- mighty dollar” (only a corruption of the Germaa word thaler) got its name by one of the forefachers of the man who commands pow in Italy. In the begioniog of the seventecnth century the Schlicks heid emument rank under the revolutionary lea iers of the Bobemiuns, and iu 1628 one Count Selick was bobeadet on the order of the Emperor of Austria at the market place of Prague. Since that time the family lost the great cet part of its large Bobemian possessions. They were confiscated by the Imperial Comwmissionsrs, Some of the greatest and most valuable dominions (;‘berrschaften”) now im the bands of Clam Gailas, of Count nd cs and Sire aes Schwarzauberg, wao commands all at present in belonged originally to the Counts Scbitck. ts We oe The grandfather and the father of tho present Count Schiick were Austrian fiela marshal licutenants—the first distinguishing himself in the war of the Spanish succes- sion, defeating the Duke (Prince Biector) of Bavaria; the later serving under the uafortunate Wurmser in Italy against Napoicon the Great, Count Franz Sonlick entered amounts, therefore, to more than 700,000 men, This for- micable’ urmy is’ composed of the following different 62 regiments of regular line Infantry. 16 vegiments of patiouul frontier Infantry. 26 battalions Chasseurs (Feligager Battatone), 1 Tyrol sharpshooter regiment (6,000 men). ‘X6 regimenta of Geus d’Armeris, 8 regiments of Cuiraseiers, 8 regimenta of Dragoons, 12 regiments of Uluns. 12 regiments of Bugairs. 2 regiments of Field Artillery. 8 battalions of fesvang (tortress) Artillery. Lregiment of Rocket Artillery. 6 divisions Field Pioneers (Piounier Field Battatione). 6 divisions Fortidication Pioneers (Pionnier zeag Depots). 3 divisions Pontonniers. 1 corps of Engineers, 1 corps of Miners. 11 corps of Sappers. Y The diferent nations of Austria are represented in this army in the following manner and number:— AUNGARIANS,—22 regiments of line Infantry 12 regiments of Hussars. 1 regiment of Dragoons. ‘TraLiANs.—10 regiments of line Infantry. battalions of Chasseurs. 2 regiments of Ulans. Porgs.—13 regiments of line Infantry, 2 battalions Chasseura, 7 regiments of Clans. 1 regiment of Dragoons. ‘CRoaTs AND Sci.AVONIANS.—16 regiments of Infantry. 6 Cordon battalions. BoBEMIANS AND MoRAviANS.—11 regiments line Infantry. 6 regiments of Cuirassiera. 3 regiments of Dragoons, 2 regiments of Ulans. 16 bastalious Chassears. German PRovINcES.—Old hereditary provinoss, called the “ Erblande,” comprising Austria proper, Stirla, Ka- rinthia, Voralberg, Krain :— 9 regiments of line Infantry. 6 battalions Chasseors. 2 regimenta Cuirassiers. 2 regiment — regiment Clans. In per cent we find the following numbers:— 30 per cent Hungarians. 17 per cent Bohemians and Moravians. 14 per cent Poles. 1236 per cent Italians. 15 per cent Germans. ‘113g per cent Croats and Slavonians. ‘The proportiooally email number of Germans is fally made up by the artillery, which consists almost exclu- sively of Germans. But we could not take the Artillery, nor the Pioneer, and Gena d’Armerie corps in calculating consideration, these troops having no geographical limited recruiting districts. x SYNOPTICAL TABLE ©F THE ORGANIZATION AND STRENGTH OF THE AUSTRIAN@ARMY. According to the “Imperial Army Regulative”’ of 1456, all Austrian troops are divided fato four complete and dis tinct armies. The Commander-in-Chief of all tae four armies is the Emperor himself. On hia sidé, as his Majesty’s Military Council, stands the Royal Imperial Cabinet (K. K. Militar Kanziet), whose permanont President is Lieu- tenant Field Marshal Count franz Grunne, General Adjn- tant of the Army and Firet Adjutant of tne Emperor; the Vice President is the Archduke Willfam, Field Marshal. ‘The Imperial Cabinet is subdivided in the following eeven Beclions:— Section 1.—Adjndantur General, Presid. Peter Springias. feld. 2.—Operations Cabinet, Presid. Gen. Quartermas- ter v. Beas. F 3.—Military Acministration, Presid. Maj. Gen. Baron v. Bomberg. 4.—Military Education, Presid. Lieutenant F. Baron Garizatti. 5.—Gen. Artillery Direction, Presid. Lieut. F. M. Vinzenz Angarlin. 6.—General Direction of the Gonie, Presid. Lieut. ¥. M. Count Caboga. %.—General Quartermaster Staff, Presid. Lieut. F. M. Count v. Hess. THE FOUR AUSTRIAN ARMIES. 1. ARMY—CHIEF HEADQUARTERS VIENNA: COMMANDER IN- CHIEF, COUNT FRANZ WIMPFFEN, FIELD QUARTERMASTRR; ADJUTANT, BARON EYNATTEN, F. M. L. Ist Corps @’Armée—Headquarters (ia p2ece tim) Prague: Commander. in-Chief Count Clam Galiag, F. M. L.; Adjutant and Chief of the General Staff, Buroa Herzing 9th Corps d’Armée—Hendquarters Bruon, ia Mora Commander in-Chicf, Count schaafgoteche: Chief of the General Staff, Baron Lederer, F. ML. 8d Corps a?Armée—Hextquarter mander in-Chief ?rinz E j UW. ARMY—CHIEF BEADQr COUNT GYULAI, NOW COUNT SOHLICK, GHLEF OF THE GENERAL STAF?, BARON KUBN Y. KUHNUEIM. 5th Corpe d’Armée—Headquarters Milan, now Mantua: Commander-in-Chief, Count Siadion, Chief of the General Gth Corps d’Arméo—Headquarters Treviso; Comman. der-in-Chief, Prince Friedrich Lichtenstein. | dot Corpa d’Armée—Headquarters Verona: Commander- in chief, Count Charles Walmoden, now Baron Zobel. 8th Corps d’Armée—Headquarters Bologna, how Mantua; Commander in-Chief, Geveral Benedek. al Ul, ARMY—CHIBY HEADQUARTERS OFRN IN HUNGARY: COM ‘MANDER IN CHEF, AKCHDUKR ALBRECHT; CUIKF OY THB GBN STAF¥, ANTON Y. CSORICH, P. M, Le 10th Ci a’ Armée—Headquarters Pesth: Comman- der, Wilbelm Baron Alleman. 1th Corps d’Armie—Headquarters Ofen: Commander, Count Wengersky v Uogerschiitz. 12th Sal @’Armée—Headquarters Harmannatadt in Transy! ; Commander, Prinz Charles Schwaraen- ‘Ist Cay walry Corps d’Armée—Headquarters Pesth: Com- mander, Prinz Francis Litchtenstein. IV, ARMY—CHIEF HEADQUARTERS LEMGERG IN GALLICIA: COM- ‘MANDER IN-CHIEF WAS COUNT FRANCIS SCHLICK OF BASSANO AND WEISSEIRCHEN, GENBRAL OF CAVALRY; CHIEF O¥ TUS GENERAL STAFY, FIELD MARSHAL LIBUT. PARROT. 24 Corps d’Armée—Headquarters Krakowie: Com- , 1a Storia: Com- mander, Count Christian Leininger. 4th @’Armée—Headquarters Limberg: Command- er, Prinz Edward Lichtenstein; Chief of the General ‘Staff, ‘The 13th Corps d’Armée ts abor Imperial Decree” of the 12th cna it sii lu THE RBAL STRENGTH OF THE AL: Mr peace . eth AUSTRIAN ARMIES. Hiong, counting tog: gimeats count 1 Becond A: or Army of Ttaty,, ow’ complete fa Armée, each irmy, or Army of Bi which @how name” 80or, rm6e, of 43; , one corps of cavalry. Dre ot a 118,600 the military service in 1808. At the battle of Aspern, in 2809, he was lieutenant of lancers in the corps of General Hubna. In 18i3 he was named chef d’escadron and or- derly officer to tne Emperor Francis IL, avd took part in a'l the principal engagements of that period. fle lost an eye im the battle of Wachau, which prevented his being employed during the campaign of 1814. We find him in 1839 as colonel of a regiment of hussars. Before 1848 he retired to private life witn tho title of fleld marshal lieutenant, and lived several years at Prague belonging, with the Counts Thun, Deym, Bouquoi aad others, to that party of the Bokemian nobility which, ua- der vhe rule of Meiternich, was regarded and called’ the liberal party. Im 1848 be was again called into actual Service, and by the unfortunaye Minister Latour charged ‘With the commandership of a corps d’armée in Gallicia. la December of that year he passed, with a corps of 20,000 men, the snow-covered Karpathes through the passes of Dukia, and repelied the Huogerians in the battle of Forro, im the neigh »orbood of Miskolz, He advanced as far as Kas hau, where he fell upon the Hungarian corpse under Meszaros, the late Minister of War, who found bis exile in this country, and died some months ago in Eogland. Meszaros commanded eighteen battalions of Honvida, one regiment of hussars, the Poitsh legion and four batteries. The battle which evsued, between almost equal forces, on the 4th January, 1849, was fought on both sides with great bravery, but ended in the victory ot Schlick. The Hungarians left on the battle Geld ten cannon, six munition carts, several hun- dred dead and wounded, and 500 prisoners. Schlick, as well as well ag Meszaros, distinguished himself by much pergopal courage. At the bead of a regiment of Cheveauxlegers he dashed op the Hungarian Hoavids with such impetuosity that ho found himeeif suddenly in the rear of the Hungarian lines. Notwithstanding, he could not push on his operations agains} Pesth, to join Windischgratz, and was obliged to return to Galicia, or to retire through the Matra moun- ‘tains. His position was exceedingly dangerous, inasmuc! 23Gor- gey, with 25,000 men, had occupied almost all the routes in the mountains, sid Kapka, with a oorpe of 69,000, advazoed from Pesth. After a furious battle at Saouto (19th Jen., 1849), not far from Tokay, an‘! several bloody emgegements, be succeeded bya brilliant maccuvre in escaping over the mountains and joiniag at Neusoh! the cor}s of General Gotz and Tablonowski. Kispka, in bis memoirs, as weli as Gorgey, acknowledge this retreat ag the dest strategical manouvre executed by eo Austrian geveral. Some weeks afterwards Sch'ick participated in the battle of Kapolna, and distinguished himeeif by a rapid cavalry and artillery attack. His posi- tio® im the neighborhood of Gyongyes, in the defiles of Stok, was 80 exceedingly dangerous that he cacaped only by adaring attack, and by the strategical faults of old Dembinski, who paid by his dimicaion his unpardonable Diuncer. Although Schlick was regarded by all Austrian officers as the beet Austrian general, be was not promoted; but on the contrary £00n put aside, because he was not at ail in favor with the Archduchess Sophie and the court party. Being of very advanced opinions in political, and still more in rehgious matters, he was mistrusted, and even tm the beginning of the present Italian war care was taken to have bim as far a3 possible from the battle field. Therefore the commandership of the most remote army— the army of Gailicia—was given him, In 1864, when Austria armed at the time of the Eastern question, be had successively the command of the Ist and 4th corps d’arméc in Gailicia; but after the battle of Ma- genta, lost more by the incapacity of Gyuiai than the stra- tegical skill of the French and Sardinian generals, theeyes of all Austrian officers were turned upon Schlick. Gyulai was gent before a court martial; the protegé of the petticoat, and the clerical party wae ignomiviously dismissed. The Emperor could not withstand the unanimous wish of his army, and a telegraphic despatch called Schlick from Gaulicia to the commandership of the first and second army in Italy. ‘Time wiil show if he igas able to command a great as well as % email corps d’armée ; but nobody doubts that he is in every regard. better general than Gyuiai. is general of the species Murat, dashing, impetuoua, full of personal courage, exceedingly beloved by all offivera and soldiers. In his exterior he is quite the reverse of the ugly bull- dog-like Gyulai. Although he has lost one eye, and bound it up by a black silk sling, his face is, even by artists, regarded as a beau ideal of martial beautysand we fd therefore his portrait in all military alm: of Europe. Although nearly seventy years of age he has lost nothing of his juvenile agility and his dashing character. His election is s sign and a proof that the Emperor, scarcely some days out of the hands of the Vienna camarills, has broken with the jesuitical party, and we may therefore expect, at no very distant time, some important changes in the interior politics of Austria. Minister Baron Bach probably will be the first to follow Gyulai, as this hypocritical protector and concoctor of the pein was, and is, @ personal enemy of the gallant THE FRENCH AND SARDINIA NS. THE BRADQUARTERS OF THB ALLIED ARMIES IN ITALY. Cassano, (on the Banks of the Adda,) June 18, 1859. Another promenade militaire has brough' us over the Adda. Although the Austrians have succeeded this time better than before in destroying the bridges over the river, not only at Lodi but likewise at this place and Va- prio, this measure has, as you see, not very much ro- tarded the progress of the allies. Provided as they are with anumerous pontoon train, calculated especially for this country, with ite numerous rivers aud canals {oter- Secting the road, afew hours were suflicient to re-establish tue means of communication. As for defending the banks of the Adda, the Austrians oonld scarcely think of it, ex- cept inavery desperate case. The reason of this is simple enough. The right, or Lombard bank of the river, commande the opposite bank almost ali along its course. Acrest or plateau of from forty to one hun- dred fees in height ekirta the right bank, now pproaching the river quite close, and now receding a lit- tie distance from it, The other side, on the contrary, is 2n uninterrupted plain, which the eye can follow wt to the banks of the next tribatary of the Adda and Po— the Serio, It is something like that of San Martino and Tarbigo on the Ticino, with the difference, however, that there is no canal and corresponding eievation on the op- posite bank. There is, iadeod, a canal alongside this river, which fertilizes the district of Lodi, bat it is oa this side of it, and at this point so close to it that it looks more like @ little branch than a separate stream, only a narrow bank intervening between the two, The Adda is the Inst line of defence which exists up and there pence footing, except thoee which came from Algeria. They bad scarce’ ly more than one-half of their strength, the rest being on ‘What is called gungé is, after rerying don, only they are picturesque Italian villages, and not unvorm suburbaa Teaming Besides these’ you almost every moment meet one of the cascini, or large detached farm houres, or see them in the distance, peeping out of the trees beyond the road. Every one is the centre of ‘their groups of peasants, who seem to bave forgotten work ip their snxisty to have a look at tho Everywhere you are greeted by the sounds of mi glasees, gaping crowds saluting and crying “Evviva,” Woops 'reposivg and refreshing tuemselves; the who! looks like going to a fair. And through this jubilee the soldiers have to march by easy steges. When they arrive at the bait for the day they encamp in the green flelds to the right and the left, the tenis are soon pitched, there is plenty of wine, bread and meat. plenty of wooa to cook with, and water every- where, A cetathment goes to the village to fetch clean Straw, apd the bivouac is as comfortable as can be. Now and then, indecd, a shower comes down to epoil the fua, but no one cares much about this while thore 's plenty to eat and dripk,and the next mornivg the aun does the rest, Not the least important part of the afternoon's businces ia foraging for dainties, which is pleasant work -b numbers of rich farme; eggs, fowls and milk ‘antivg, nor is the payment at fall market price only, but often rather more. If it goes on like this gant the p {il soon lose his fear of war, which, in his mind. 8 equivalent to giviog without resetving, ‘The stir, animation and easy life which the army leads at present are, it secms, contagious, for everywhere you see volunteers, whom you can recogniae by the tri-colored feathers in the hat, aud often a piece of priated papor ba- bind it, with “Cacciatori delli Alpi” printed on it. Tho name of Garibaldi, the iess severe disciplioe, as it is sup- Posed, and the romantic character which attaches to his troops, seem nil to be so many allurements, which take much more than the regular milltary service ia the regi- ments, With all this the good people, I think, rather de- ceive themselves, for the Vacciaturi delli Alpi have just as much regular drilting to undergo before they join as if they were regular soldiers of the tine of his Majesty Vit- torio Emmanuele II. Thoee who are under the euperinten- dence of the capta'n of the depot at Como have, I dare fay, found this out by this time, THE TWO ARMIES IN THE FIELD. (From the London Times, June 21.) Seldom has a more remarkable contrast beea presented tothe public eye than that contained in the letters from the two rival camps which we publihed yesterday. Austrians and the French are traversing the same coun- try by the same roads; the Istter, indeed, follow almost in the very footeteps of the former, while neither side on 5 they are enabled to throw difficulties in the way of those behind them. They destroy bridges, or barricade towns, or face about occasionally and make a stand against the enemy in some favorable position. Every day, too, they are drawing nearer their fortresses and their resources, while the French are continually advancing from their base of operations and closing in upon the formidable lines of an obstinate foe. For all this, however, the con- trast between the two armies and their eo pees ont the most striking views that could be con- ceived. ‘Look at the letter from the headquarters of the Allies. Tho writer oan hardly fod words pictorial enough for the beauty of the country, the luxuriance of its produce, the gel ity of its climate, or the sensations of pleasure with which every soldier is penetrated as he pursues his march. Tbe rond lies through shady Janes, enlivened by the song of the nightingale and adorned with the most charming flowers. After a few hours of easy and delightful exor- cise the troops arrive at the camping place for the night where they find excellent provisions, all kinds of rut dainties, and a moat agreeable biyouac, The next morn- ing, refreshed and joyous, they resume their advance, only to go through’ agsimilar promenade with a similar conclusion, There ig nothing of war about the pro- ceed! except its stimulus and excitement. It is & “jubilee,” a merry making, a “fair,” or ything ratber than a campaign. The description minds vs of Robin Hood’s mea in Sherwood Forest, dis- Porting themselves through pleasant glades, dining off good red deer, and sleeping at night on smooth turf under the greenwood tree. Turn now to the headquarters of the Austrians, Our correspondent there writes from thejsame coun- try, under the same date, and after a march over the very eame roads; and what does be say? He can scarcely cescribe the sufferings, the impatience or the disgust prevailing around him. The peat week—that very period eo agreeable to the French— bas beenacreadful one. Toe writer himself, though stropg and hale, and with the advantage of a horse to carry him, found the suo and duet “almost iaaupporta- ble.” The wounded soldiers must have writhed in tor- ture ag tke miserable springless ox carts of the country bore them slowly along for nearly twelve hours a day. The roads were nearly impassable. A mounted officer could hardly get along at the ratoof a mile an hour, Instead of universal jubilation there is universal raga. Lancers tear away the flags from their lances; riflemen pluck from their caps the flowers whica they always car- Ty in war time, and officers either give vent (o their fury in execrationg, or more discreetiy confine themselves to apgry gestures and frowning brows. . What makes all thie difference? What is it that invesis all nature with amiles in the eyes of one army, while everything appears gloomy apd bateful to the eyes of the other? One condition only works all this marvel. The French are victorious, the Aus: trians have been defeated, ard the contrast so Fea though 40 undesignedly depicted in the correepmdence before us may convey an instructive idea of the extent lo which moral im- pressioms affect the efficiency of a soldier. As the war proceeds and our information becomes more extensive, we shall probably obtain a more accurate in- eight into the causes by which the relative in- feriority of tho Austrians hss been deter- mined. About the facts themselves there can be no longer any doubt. Meigen on Monday the official statistics of the Austrian losses at Mi a8 com- puted and acknowledged in General Gyulai’s own returns, and we can bardly give the public a more impressive coa- ception of the care than by saying that a force as large as that at combat in iy: 'y Austrian side alone as many soldiers as were apread over the whole of Chobham heath when the camp was fullest, and such retreat as our lent describes must have cost many more. It does not seem that the Austrians haye been pressed by their pursuers; indeed, the march of the French is es 3 leisurely in the me, nor nas there been much fighting since the bat of Malegnano and its sequel on the morning following; but the of the Austrisa army makes is work a woary ene, The labor is doabled by recollections of the A poe and perhaps by misgivings of the future. Officers and men have fought well and bravely, but they have certainly not been well led, and their strength and courage have been uselegsly expended. Our correspondent touches incidentally upon a point | which may bear, perbaps, in no amall degree upon future codes of military science, He intimates that if any State or apy commander could mature a system by which every soldier in an army could be always maintained in a cou- dition of efficiency, such a system would insure advan- tages equivalent to absolute ascendancy. The reflection ‘was suggested, no doubt by the present apectacle of the Austrian host, and by a comparison of the power obtained with the magnitude of the machine for supplying {t. In most armies, indeed, it takes vat numbers ef men to farnish a few thousand available soldiers, The margin Jeft for casualties of all kinds is some- thing resily terrible. It is not merely the sword of the enemy by which the force is reduced, the really ugents are exhaustion and disease. What can ‘become of soldiers who, like the Austrians before the bat- tle cf Magenta, ‘for fifty hours did not get even 80 much «8 a piece of bread?’ It is only a residue or a fraction of force, under such circumstances, which can be relied upon for fighting, and /t is evident that such conditions are likely to be created by the very measures which are taken to counterbalance them. When it is known or assumed that 60 per cent must be deducted for invaliding from the eee ee it becomes necessary to provide two men in the place of one, and these very crowds render supplies more it and sanitary system is a ‘eal sad te of pp muaiing, 1,000 Tol: Tay forthcoming, doubles standing taxes and the rigor of the standing conscription. Mi nh point to the efficiency of the French; for confidence, as we have form ® true military elixir; bat it cannot be doubted that the excellence of their organize- tion gave them a great antecedent advantage. They are Goat tation te ee ee }, 88 becomes: more evident, a battle, Repotoc wasd to way the the strongest army was not that which was most powerful in numbers, but that which at a critical period was most powerful a a cri- teal jog ‘We may give the maxim a new turn, and say that the best army {8 not necessarily the largest army, but the army which can produce at any moment the maximum of efficient combatants. To insure this result ‘we must recur to the doctrines of sanitary scloncc, and we hope our now Minister ef War will met evorleck tho moral, ATROCITIES OF THE AUSTRIANS IN ITALY. [From the Loadon Times, June 21.) In oar impreasion of yostorday appoarod two documents connected with the history of the War, which we cannot, im the intercets of humanity aad justice, allow to pase witbout further romark. Tho frst was an oificial statomeat emanating from the Sardinan government, cated in « formal manner to the representatives of that gov- erpment at foreign'Courts, In this circular the Augtriang are charged with a deliberate violation of the laws of war, ‘and ju particular with a certain act of barbarity which is Geseribed and authenticated in the most circumstantial mauner. On the 20th of May, the day oa which the bat- tle of Movtevello was fought,some Austrian troops were eacamped on the heights of Torricella, a amall district in the province of Voghera, adjoining the road ou waich the combat took place, between and 3iradelia, A patrol of this force, we are told, arrested @ constable and compelled him to serve as a guide to the village, which the soldiers entered. They proceeded, wuder the same guidance, to e house inhabited by « family named Cigaoii, comprising five persons 89 called, in the position appa- rently of mall peasant farmers, and four others, probably oither gervants or laborers. fhe house waa seirched by Ube patrol, and the investigation resulted “im the disco- very of a emul) leathern bag, contuwiog a small amount of shot (plomb de chaste)” ‘It is not asserted that aay arms were found, nor do we learn that apy other evi- dence existed to the prejudice of the household. Upon this evidence alone, however, the patrol arrested the on- tire family, and conducted them from the village t the presence of the Austrian commander, who was sitting on ‘is horse on the high road in the midet of his troops. ‘What foilows bad better be related in Count Cavour’s own words:— “ordered Whe nine unt peasants, who could not maka ibemselves underatood, und who were trembltog all over, to Cercead ito. path by the rondalae; they had pearsely goae a €W atepe when ibe commandant gave a signal to «platoon to ‘re op them. Right ot these unforvnace mon fell dead; old Cignolt, mortally wounded, gave no signs of life. The austrian roops reeti wed thet marca and the commandant turning to ‘be constable told bim be might go, and, that he might not be cetained by other Austrian troops fa the neighborho.d, he gave 1 & card to present. If mecesear:, for his este conduct. ‘thts bone pet oli iting card, }, under & count’s coro- 18 :— yy Feld Marschall Liewssnant Urban. Such is the story given to the world by Count Cavour, who not only vouches for ite authenticity by representing it as ‘ legally confirmed,’ but e7 ly states that it is published in an official form by the goverament of Sar- dinia, in order that it might be the more readily befleved in foreign countries, aud received with the indignation which its details are calcwated to excite. Now, we have bo wisb to forget on this, any than other occasions, tbat there are two sides to a tale, and we may, perhapa, remark that the reports of austrian rapine, incidentally denounced by Count Cavour in this very circular, have been considerably qualitied by correspondents of our own, one of them acting with the Allied armies, and free from any Anstrian bias. Still, we cannot but conclude ‘that this butchery was really perpetrated in the mancer described, and both Austrians and Sardinians may well asnure themselves that the iodignation of Europe wiil wait upon the deed. It is just possible that the evidence agai there poor pessunts wes somewhat strouger than is al- jeged—tbat, we can imagive, would be the form whicn the Austrian exculpstion would take; but however this may be, the cold biooded massacre of the family is an act which may indeed bave pased aa necessary in the days of Tilly and Wallenateia, but which will now only or: & ebudder of horror wherever its circumstances are known. Noconditions that we can suppose would jusify this barbarous and wholesale execution, and that the execution really took piace, ‘and that theee nine countrymen were shot down as described, we cannot doudt. Not only is there the copsiabie to bear testimony to the tale, but the old far- mer himself, not having been kiiled on the spot, eurvived for five days in the hospital of Vognera, to which he had been carried, apd Count Cavour informs us that General Urban’s card, with other documents bearing upon the affair, remains in possession of the authorities. ‘The other story to which we have roferred furnishes a signal contrast to this shocking piece of military cruelty. Ap Englieh traveller has actually paid a visit to the hea1- quarters of Garibaldi, and has given his countrymen, tarovgh the medium of is have been pated by the Austrians in colors of the Ke darkest dye, inzomuch that our correspondent was fully our columns, some description of redoubtable partisan. Garibaldi and bis men Prepared to encoun! specimens of brigands and cuttbroats. he finds. quiet, intelligent man, commanding a boy of orderly and respectable patriots, not attired in very bril- Kiant uniform or costume, but thoroughly well conducted, and animated, apparently, by sentiments which would do any men honor, Garibaldi feels deeply for his country’s ‘Wrongs, but be is neither a brigand nor a butcher; and if, which we should be slow to beueve, there are many Aus- trian commenders who could order such an cease that committed at Torriceila, we can onl; ‘es that who have been heaping opprobrium on eade of the Italian patriots must prepare to sustain the reproaches themselves. There is one aspect, however, and by no means an un. important one, in which Count Cavour’s circular may be regarded with general satisfaction. The appeal which it makes to the opinion of Europe could be made only.on the assumption that Europe would respond to the call, and that the indictment preferred against the Austrians would, if sustained, be visited with the rebrobation of the world. In this assumption there is much that is gratifying, for it Indicates the march of civilization and humanity even in the estimate applied to the laws of war. VISIT TO GARIBALDI'S HEADQUARTERS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LONDON TIMES. In the course of a tour (June 8, 4 and 6), ia Switzerland with an Australian fellow colonist and pastoral squatter, our wives and ® young lady friend, we ascended Mont St, Gothard, with the intention of crossing by the Forks pass to Innterlachen. We found it impracticable, and rathor than turn back, determined to go to Como, of which place we heard from the conductor of the diligence that Gari- Lee bad taken possession, and then by the Simplon to Deva. Ten miles from the frontier we were told that the Aus- trians had driven out Garibaldi with great }, and our driver was kindly informed, while we stopped to pur- chaee cherries, that his horses would be seized by elther side. We ourselves felt quite safe. Fetter and the vsitu- rier seemed to be of the same opinion, and at once assented to our order to go on’ till we Were stopped. Were tho Austrians in occupation we could only. be turned back; whereas, if Garibaldi stil! held his ground, tt was not likely thst, even if guch rusliang as reported, his men would practise bri- gandage in the two miles between Chaséo and his head- querters, and upon English too. Woe bowled along the brosd smooth road, worthy of Eogland, through Chasso, and over the bridge, when we were at once pulled up, It was a lovely morning after the rain, and numbers of ladies and gentlemen, principally refogees from the seat of ‘War we understood, were sxantering aboat. On the left was a guardhoure, with an unusua! number of very bright mutkets: on the right, a short distance along the road, were three Austrian Douaniers, in alf the dignity of sword and uniform, who locked quietly on, while two out of a number of men in plain clothes, standing about the guard- house, came forward and asked for our Hoth It ‘was Geribaldi’s outpost. The firet wasa tall good looking man of 30, dreszed ina brown shooting coat, with black gray trousers and waistoont, and felt hat, all having had hard usage, but still tidy; the second an intelligent iook- ing mau cf fifty, with a red nose, and the appearance of a well-to-do shoemaker, with» small shop anda largo family; he just lookea the man emphatically to have laid down tho law for twenty years to his neighbors upon the unity of Italy and Set Austria, and then turned out to support words by deeds. Fetier produced his li- cenge ag guide, and expinined who and what we were, and we banded a letter from the landlord of the hotel, stating that we were to return to Legano that night. He said that he would give us a receipt for our passports and give them up on our return. He gave usthe receipt witha polite bow, and we went on our way rejoicing. We found the people as quietly at work as on the Swiss side, and Tearned ibat on taking Dossealon Garibeld had atone learn at on. ribaldi had at once organized tue administration of the district. fe drove through quiet streets crowded with armed men to the Albergo del Angelo, and were received and shown rooms just as we Should have been a year ago, only there was a guard in the yaaa eae room full of writing, the General here taken up his headquarters, ‘Wo did not consider that it would be a serious breach of the neutrality of the nation if we paid our Gene to the Garibaldi who defended Rome, and who all the blunders and disasters of 48 showed that cnly time ss alemtated Pht ‘wanting to ‘er some of the purcet To his surprise, develope in the Italians a ‘and con- stancy worthy of ancient . After lunch we sent in our cards, and @ meesage came from the aido de camp, saying that ine General was asleep, but that as soon as he awoke he would present them, and had no doubt he would be to recolye us ANE an hour’s saunter among the volunteer’ wd wore in- formed that the General would be happy to wait upon tte iadies, and in a short time he was shown in. He proved as different from what we ex; State of the town froua that reported. From beard, with something of the romantic air of those Span- ish guerilla chief, who sung their own songs to the guitar or killed le with equal gusto, Justthe reverse. I could scarcely ve that the quiet, unaffected, gentlemanly man who entered and gat down with us was Garibaldi. He is of middle height, not more than five feet seven or eight inches, I should think ; » equare shouldered, deep chested, powerful man, without being at all heavy. He has & healthy, English complexion, with brown har snd beard, rather light, slightly touched with grey, and. cut very short. His shows a development, mental as well as moral, aud his good, though not nothing to show the man who could form and carry out ‘as the retreat from Rome or the capture of Co- mo; but when he spoke of ee pm sulferings of ifs country, the lip and eye told the deep feeling long suppressed, and the steadfast, daring character of the ‘him in the street to ask him man. A child would © man condemned to be La remarkable to a causal observer— strong control, ‘ness and telling the ladies of bis voyages to China an ag pleasantly aud calmly as if in a London drawing room, while at any moment he might be interrupted by the fire of an overpowering Austrian force brought by railway to his outport, I fels no doubs that in case of the very worst he had arranged exactiy what to do, and would do Bot what impresecd me most was the mental calibro the mawn; I mot him with tho idea that he was little As goon as be left us Genoral Garibaldi mounted and rode off with two aides-de-camp and two Sardinian light cavalry, of whom he has two busdred, amid loud vivas from bis men, who seemed to regard him with the great est respect ahd devotion. The townspeople | owerved to be extremely cautious. Our first inquiries regarded the expulsioa of the Austriens, which bad occurred just tho day week previous, and appeared unaccountable. After leaving Chasao the road goes nearly xoath through | ‘& well cultivated, slightly andulating couniry, with a line | of hills op either side. The conotry rises gradua'ly unvil | ou come cloge to Como, when the broad valley contracts | and about the wiith of 1,000 yards, with a sieep mil oo | the right and # high don the left, Therg. is thea & | sheer descent to Lake of Como, down which se | road zig zage till it reaches the bottom of the bill om the left, where it passes a courch and enters a street of well built stone houees, which runs to the right vo- tween the bill and the Jake, then turn’ south until It | reaches the main part of Como on the south side of a email bay, ang facing the deecent from Chusso, Ualoas Marshal d’Urban waa surprised, or distrusted his mon, his natura! course with a dirciplined and suparior force would have been to fight in the open country at the top o tho descent, where, from the hi round on either aide, be could have swept down Garibaldi’s force by a fliok firo from his artillery. Instead of that the Austrians awaited the attack in the church and line of houses at the foot of the hill, where the cavalry was useless, the artil- lery little better, and bis superiority of force and disci. pline unavailable; while the irregulars bad just what Buited their impetuous courage and iadividual action a dosperate band to hand struggle. They poured over the bill hke an aya'lancho, totally regard. leas of the heavy fire, and at once camo to close quarters. Within two hours of Marshal d’Urban’s leaving tbe hotel to meet Garibaldi, he repassed it im full retreat. A respectable inbabitaut toid me that the Austrians seem to have no spirit for (he cause, and that it was Garibaldi’s name which was a terror to them more than his force that they flod e. We were in- formed tbat the volunteers bad sixty-six killed, with a ‘very smal] proportion of wounded. Two Austrian officers were killed in the church, bestses others killed, wounded and prisoners. As 90 much bad been said of the brigand- age apd rofllaniem of Garibuldi’s men, loxamined them carefully. I have had conriderable practice in the dis- crimipation of bad faces, and have ocoasionally surpeised # gaol chsplain by picking out the habitual from the casu- al criminais, but among the hundreds [ saw I did not fad one; wild young scamps whom their fathers lectured and their mothers cried over there might be; and many no doubt who hai sauntered away life’ talx. ing of Italian independence, who, Koglish- men, most probably, or if Scotchmen, most certainly, would bave worked hard abroad if not at nome for per: sonal independence till the time came to fight for that of their country; but that the force, or any appreciable pro. ‘tion of it,'is made up of bad characters, I have no Pecitation in depying. [bere is a large number of geatic- men—a large proportion appeared to be sons of or them. selves small proprietors, farmers and traceamen; the re. mainder operatives and workiogmen from towa and coun. try—all men who had worked honestly for their liviag, or did not require todo so, decestly and comfortably dressed, and all wonderfully tidy after sleeping #0 long in their clothes. F did not see a ragged fellow among them. Their behavior was everywhere the fame—quiet and orderly, Some I exw in the band gomo cathedral, admiring it, like ourselves. Ono or two joined the servico in a’ side chapel. Tne cafés were’ well frequented, too, but in very many cases only to write ietters, ‘at which they were very grave. Others patriotically did the amiable to the fair Comisos, but Isaw not ono drinking, all were sober and ready to fall in at a moment's notice, ‘They were good customers, but the patriotism of the shopkeepers did not veat itse'f in low prices. One young fellow I saw trying vo pur- chare one of the small leatbern begs travellers sling over the shoulder, but his franca were few and the selier ob- durate, and he had to leuve it. [ was much interested in two young geatlemen, apparently brothers, who were go- ing from sbop to shop fitting out the elder, who looked Dineteen or twenty. The ycuvger had the seasoned look which a few weeks give the campaigner,’ if sleeping on wet ground ‘tunder the canopy’ does not kili or send to hospital at oace; the elder had that bloom of youth which seldom survives hard contact with the id, mover if with personal hardship. ‘The recruit was glowing with hopeful excitement; war bad still its poetry for him, while the young veteran, though spirited, was quiet and business like— ‘war was astern reality. He looked carefully to the tex- ture of the great coat, their coir uoiform, which the other put on as if it bad been a robe for atriumpb. I: isa true saying, “Give = dog a bad name and hanghim.” The Avstriang have £0 industriously called Garioaldi and his men bri , that, for coneistency sake, eget hang ‘and shoot them like dogs if taken prisoners. ie perfect confidence of the people and the absence of any report of the smallest outrage confirm the opinions I formed from their sppearance and behavior, that instead of being erillas, Ike some of the Spanish bands—as much rob- | ool as soldiers—they are respectable citizens fighting for their country, carrying into war the same respect for life end tty which they showed in peace. Even the Lom! in the ranks ate quite as much entitled to the fair es of war as the Americans at Bunker’s Hiil. and if the Austrians fight as bravely as they did fifty years ago, and after being beaten thoroughly again and , again and again renew the fight, I hope the opi- nion of Europe will be brought to bear against euch ven barbarity as they exercised on regaining Lom- bardy in 1849. Thero is no sign beyond a sinall tricolor cockade of the meals, being soldiers; those with means wear over their clothes ajgray great coat and forage cape of the same, trimmed with black. The great majo. rity are bearded men, between twenty-two and thirty- five; a good many youths, but generally of the humbler class, and stout, bealthy Inde; afew elderly men, bat all hale looking old fellows, and apparently well to do in the world, They seemed in excellent beart, but no siga of bravado, or any demonstration, except on the appearanee of their general. Late in the afternoon we left for Luga- no, where great surprise was expressed upon hearing how comfortably everthing progressed at Come. OPERATIONS OF GARIBALDI. TURIN, June 19, 1859, The following particulars of the combat ut Castenedolo have been received to day:— General Garibaldi, wishing to throw a bridge acrosa the Chieso, in order to keep communications with Breecia open, placed part of his troops at Rezzato and iti to oppose the Austrian vau- guard, which had advanced as far as that place. Some companies of Chasseurs d’Alpes attacked the enemy’s outposts. The Austrians yielded, and were pursued as far as Castenedolo, where ths main body of the enemy attempted to surround us, but our troops imme- Cintely withdrew. Gencral Garibaldi then cams to the rescue, and succeeded in bringing our men to their former Positions, causing great losa tothe enemy. We had 100 killed and wounded. The Kiog ordered tho Fourth divi- sion to advance to the position, and General Cialdini ac- cordingly led part of his division to Rezzato to support General Garibaldi. The Austrians withdrew from Caste- nedolo, after having blown up the bridge over tho Chiese before the town of Montechiaro. The Vienna Gazette gives an account of the combat of Castenedolo, which differs very materially from that far- nished by the i Bulletin of Turin. A letter from Verona of the 16th, in that journal, says:— ‘The brigade of General Kupprecht, which forms part of the division of General Urban, was doring its march at tacked near Castenedolo by Garibaldi, who had with him 4,€CO men and some detachments from the Piedmouteso brigade of Voghera. General Urban repulsed ths enemy in the direction of Brescia, and took 80 prisoners, among whom were several officers, Garibaldi bad 400 killed or wounded. Tho loss of the Austrians is trifling; they had three officers wounded. Tho Picdmontese Gazelte of the 19th announces that Gen. Garibaldi bas caused the bridge which bo had thrown over the Chiese at Bottoletto, and which had been da- maged by the Austrfans, to be repaired, so as to be again avaliable for troops. IMPERIAL MOVEMENTS. {From the Brussels Nord]. We have reason to contradict the reports which have been current relative to the approaching return of the Emperor to Paris. We understand that euch a thing has never been thought of. His Majesty is actively occupied with the plazis of the new campaign and the concentra. tion of the troops. In a few days the blanks in all the re- giments will have been filled up. Prince Napoleon, whose attention bas been ap to the present time absorbed by the organization of the Fifth @armée under his com- mand, is impatient to distinguish himeolf in the second series of operations which are about to commence. - THE NEXT BATTLE. THE LATEST NEWS FROM THB CAMPS—PRBPARATIONS FOR A DECISIVE BATTLE. (Peris correspondence Crepe 20) of London Times.) We are in daily expéttation of news of a battia on tho Mincio—a great battle, which, if lost by the Austriaas, may hasten the solution of the question at issue and dissi- pate the delusion that they can continue to hola Lombar- dy es before. Tho famous fortresses will, wo are told, not long stand out against the rifled cannon; at least, such is the opinion oxpreased by persons who, were not their national feelings enlisted, would be very good authority on such a question, Should a battle, then, he lost by the Austrians on the Mincio, it is thought or hoped that the neutral Powers may try to bring about an armistice with # view to an ulterior range. ment. There are various versions, or rather conjectures, as to the nature of this arrangement. One is that Austria will be induced to abandon her claim on Lonfbardy, which will be annexed to Piedmont, and that Venice will be declared a free city, with a portion of territory as far as the limits of Lom- bardy. In this manner tho north of Italy would be Tescued from tho Austrians from the Mediterranean to tho \driatic. There are various other spoken of, per. haps with no greater foundation. The attention of every- body is fixed on the of the Mincio—the Minolo, which is regarded as the Rubicon of the modern Cosar. Inthe meantime some ens here im consequence of the accounts received from Berlin that the remainder of the Prussian had oslled into expresses iteelt aa follows on the polnt:— What ia the French army about todo? Will attempt to cross the Mincio tn the presence of 180,000 Avetriana? Or will it make an attack on Pesblera, in order Wy oxen wa entrance into the well known quadrangie? The important point at thy repent time Js to form au Ne of the girength of this largo more than a dashing popular military leader, 1 parted | tntrenched camp, the Inst sayium of Austrias power. Agou- from bim with the conviction that inertia: caress a | rate tpform sk ‘4 drown treat Aupeatlo sources proves tes mere episoce in bis hiswory, and that bis trae groatacss teense bes tie eas Date, rs b one of i vamoes will be seen In the political regomeration aud government | French ieeung Bo pendlty fale of bis country. the bends of ther ~ poneran neve Of the square aud commen? the conrse of the Mincio ut mag the» wavarce towards Veron or Yactua Lt is therefore pre beblethatif the avetrivn army does not a second Wan lamps the fortune of arms in advasce of the Wiasly a decisive banle. iil be fongds in the very cemra of tho sqaure, With knowlug the plane of \be Commsaver-ta: bie and stb Out belug even & eklital stratexist we may euppoee Mal tue Sustrians will be wacked oa several priate atonw naval PrHLAION, porwasing mmoare mee 's of dears toa, te om ite way to Venive. 20 flat baitomed nots shesthot with iron And armed with rifled op wre, it it ald ty around the fee fala, an it fe very pradaole corps d'arince W march on the adige Wwe rear, while the graud y a it ‘There ara’ siso iu Tuseny freseh "D8, At an apooinied day appear one given point wait for evens 7 D* present me Devavre of the Austriere fa the uxme an was adopted Kadetzky to 1848, but with this ditterence, tbat Bonuck wil bow reuck army tu frout of bin. The following ‘vations are from the Gazeile de France: Coomdering the retivity dieplayed ine beakion in which tee” Au by Allies, amd LA Ee Austriing are pl | aw they are by the niles oa the north: by the ooros of Fisee Wapoleon sdvauctng from the wouth “aad by the troops of oun barkation uré vad to be sopeosching trom, f Glow t to De'teve th: eet pottery § Miill not coon receive u fun cenows- who bad had the opportanky af see toy who reoect'y dis»mbartea at Max eeilica, writes to ui eu nosordivg to their own ot ‘with waom be conver s¢', the conflict caanot bs of loag dura- op, They admit that thelr widier, weneraily apeating, wre eerred with an ioaurmountable arm st the slsbt f ths Zenaves ‘and their bayouets; they court little even om thelr fortree om, for ¥antua, the principal of tham, te bel: w the poiote of atteen, ‘and the new ritiea artillery wilt reach the fortifications from © distance whicu the tire of the place cannot attain. Lf yur tavora- ble expectations shouic he resiized, wermany will cot Lave the ime to carry out the project searivéd to her of laewlug on the inviolability of the strategical line of the #isclo--s pretension which in our eyes appears quite unjustifiable And, lastly, the Sidcle wakes tho following remarks, which have the merit of beiog more practical than these of the otber journals :— 8 O tha, ti ot yeetlon which is pendis ment A porsou of ranet be forced. To actempt thie uperation thors are oe: over ariver isto drive the enemy away from ths co ok ine that Ya sports found |. ae fn angle towards the atiackt: party and. om the passage polat, because a pluns dre c*uld then be concea- fd in the ing to the Milan side only two polate Vola tte potntiag to tt round on the right bunk 1s cousiioraoly higher From Pescbiera to Mantua the course of the Mincio is about zx Jeaguea as the cro files; lo tbat limited space the onasage potr.ts paturaily indicated by tuelr pawltion. 1m feat, the peia- cipal condition to secure the douche of any bridge tarown, bank. It {a not difficult to course of the river where, on the ove hand, the stream forme und fs big eaough to commend the bank ocoapiea by the foe si would Gok grost advantage ts ammyt the’ Dek suche on the enemy plac uniddle of a sealoirale of bat- teries. ow, the course of the Mincio presents to auarmy wie force its passsge from combining these sdvarteges—st Mozsmnnano an these two points the stream maxes aa eibow, weet, and then'on the o'er. Thess two potn's were thezeiore chosan im the wars of the Bevolution ia 1:96 4nd 180 aud aleo ip the to force the of the esmpaign ¢f 1 pt Lore over, the possession of tw > for resses like Pewht ‘dsa- tua, om a0 line, rendere ita defence easier, f: ths ene- wy have their wings perfe:tly supported and vas debouch ua- expestediy Asner of thove forirenses However, history teaches usthat tor an army well commanded the preusge of certainty. The Austrians conid ot ore Vent Bonaparte trom crosstug it in 1795; nor Braue in 1908, notwith tanding the wavguinary battle fonght by Belew nor ths Piedmentess army in ‘845. which forced tha river three polrt—at Golte, Mezambeno and Borgnetio. The pas: ‘nage once effected, the cooquerore are iu the centre of the qua- drapgle, and of the places which ‘orm tts four cornera—Pos- chlore, Manin ago and Verone; and, betag 40, will have: 4 w probably to fants enemy 01 pitshed batile to force the [From the Liverpool Mercury of On Saturday Jast the Emperor of Aust 7th and 8th corps of his army ut the o: this occasion (as @ Vienaa telegrap! us) be was most enthusiastically cheered by the soidiern, « the confidence of the troops heaving reached the nighest point.” Ali this confidence they will require to carry them through the terrible struggie which lies before them, for they are about to fight (if they have not alreaty fought) a great and perhaps decisive buttie with the ine under the commadd of the Emperor Napoleon IL. poleon. [them Bonaparte—in the campaign of 1796. It was at Lonato that General Bonaparte defeated the Austrian army uncer Marsbal Wurmser, oa the 34 of August, 1796; and at the neighboring position of Castiglione that he gained iil more decisive victory over tue same army two days later. After a lapse of sixty-three years the French and Austrians again meet on the same ground, again to fight for the dominion of Italy. ‘The position of the Austrian army on Saturday last (ae- cording to Austrian and Sardinian accounts) extended ez Lonato (on the southern bank of the Lake of Garda) Castiglione, and further south to Castel Gottreio, This is the front of a range of hills, or rather the edge of an up- land plain, which separates the valley of the Cniese from the Lake of Garda and the river Mincio. Tne high ground runé in @ southeasterly direction from Castiglione te Volta, near the river Mipcio, The heights of Castig- one form the central and the strongest part of the position, and there (if the Austrians finally decide to Hight on this ground) the battlo will probably be decided. All things considered, the Austrians could not well bave Chosen a better field of battie, for it is tolerably atrong im front and on both flanks, and ‘there is an easy retroat, im case of defeat, to the fortress of Peschi jurrounded by numerous and powerful detatched forts. These commence at no greater distance than five or six miles in the rear of the position which the Austrians are suid to have taken. If beaten, the Austrians will retire under the shelter of the guns of Peachiera and its numerous forte, from which it will be no easy matter to dislodge them. ‘Supposing Pesobiera to be taken by the Freach, there are. the atill stronger fortresses of Mantua and Verona to be grappled with, and between these fortresses has been concentrated the whole military strength of the Aus- trian empire, brought up by the Venetian and the ‘Tyrolese railways. The latter of theee railways was opened only about three months ago, and it adds greatly: to the strength and security of the Austrian position. As for the French, if they fight in this poaitiou they must conquer or be destroyes, for they have no fortified posi- tion nearer than Alessandria, and would be very un ie to verona ae were defeated on the Mincio. @ Austr! » juard against a possible attack om the Tyrol (which fork endanger the line of communica- lion with Germany), heve occupied tne Stelvio pass im great force, and with artillery, and have blown up the only bridge which leads to it.’ This is called the Devil’s Bridge in the Swiss telegraphic despatch; but is not the celebraied bridge of that name across the river Rouss,s0 well known to all travellers by the St. Gothard pass. The Archduke Charles Louis, Governor of the Tyrol, hag issued the foliowing:— A daring enemy is approaching our frontiers, and threatens to take oar army mn the Four. ‘Upibes! ‘To arms, valisnt ment in the name of the Emperor, our august master, I call to you Onoe more to defend your homes, and in doiag so you will de~ fend the House of Hapabvrg, which baa never reckoned om gon ES wey ‘With Goa’s aid, let us a CF Angin aud oui A ¥ Borzen, June 10, 1859, tng [From Galignani’s Messenger, June 22.) Lonato, Castiglione and Castel Gollreco, whic the Aus- trian troops occupy at present, are situated in an almost ‘pendicular line running from north to south on’the rigat i of the Chiesa. The distance from Lonato to Castel Goffredo is about twelve miles, and the Emperor of Aus- trim passed a review of the Seventh and Eighth corps at the former place on the 18th, the very day that the Em- peror Napoleon entered Brescia, At Lovato the right of the Austrians is supported on the northwestern extremty of the Lake of Guarda, whilo their left extends along the Ossone, a littie river, which risos in the bills near Caatig- lione and falls ito the Mincio above Mantua, Lonato is om the road from Brescia to Pessbiera, at avout 15 miles from. the former place and ten from the latter. Tho two armies are consequently within a short distance from each osuor, end uples the Emperor of Austris came to Lovato to com- mand the retreat of his troops at the other side of tae Mincio, a battle seems probable, particularly as the hos- tile armies are separated only by ten ors dozen miles. THE CASUALTIES AT MAGENTA, The Paris Moniteur recapitulates the French loss at Magenta, namely:—323 killed, 2,165 wounded, and 47@ missing.” The French loss at Malognano was 154 killed, 725 wounded, and 64 missing. An Austrian official account has been published of the losses of the Austrians at the battle of Magontu:—63 offl- cers and 1,802 soldiers killed, 218 officers and 4,130 sol- diers wounded; 4,000 soldiers missing. THE BATTLE OF MALEGNANO. The Emperor Napoleon has received the following re- os from Marahal Baraguay d’Hilifers of the combat of Matzanano, June 10, 1859. Sms—Your Majeaty ordered me yesterday to with the first corps on the road to Lodi, to drive tne ene- my from San Juliano and Mal , informing me that for this opeealion 70% would unite to my the second corps, commanded by Marshal McMahon. 1 immo} ‘went to San Donato to come to an understand’. with the marshal, and it was agreed between us tho, tie would at- tack San Juliano with his first division, and that after hay- ing driven the enemy from it, he Wald march on Carpine nello, to pass the Lombro, and ihen proceed to Medeglia, The weouNd dlyision was at San Martino, to take the road which, by Frivulzo Casanova, led to Beltola, and then Proceed on the left of Medeglia, #0 as to turn the position of Malegnass Tt was pro sgreed that the 1st corps should march in a Pody on the to Mategnano, and when at a place called ima should detach the Ist division, which passing by Ceristo Vivoldone, should reach Mezzano, and there establish e battery of twolve guns, in order first to patter Pedriano, and afterwards the cemetery of Maleg- nano, where the enomy had entrenched themselves and established strong batteries; that the second division of the first corps, after leaving San Juliano, should advance on San Brera, and there algo establish a battery of twelve jer play on the cemetery, and onfi'ade the road from. ano to Lodi, and lastly that the third division of the fame corps should march direct on Malegaano, and carry ‘the town, with the first and second divisions, 89 s00n ag tho fire of the artillery should have caused disorder. The firat division, leaving Maloguano on its left, was ordered, \to march on Cerro, and the second and third on Sordio, where they were to join the second corps which bad ad- vanced by Dresano and Casalmajecoo. In order that these com! should be attended with full success, it was necessary to have full time for them, and as your Majesty ordered me to act on tho very of my departure from San Pietro wvOlma, my ‘was rendered more difficult, for the head of’ the third division of the first corps could not enter into line until half. past three, in consequence of one road being blocked up by tho convoys of the Second and Four cor; Nevertheloss, at haif past two I gave orders to- Marshal McMahon to Ay arene pis Eee none of tbe there, and then passed the ro by a ford, al- though a bridge was indicated on the map, an phd Tons his movement on Modogita. At half-past five tho Third division of the First corps arrived within about 1,200 of Malegnano, which was oocupied by tho enemy, raised a barricade across the road, about 500 yards from the town and had established batteries on an eminence aa high aa the first houses. I ordered Gonoral Bazaine to ar- rapgo his division for tho attack; and a battalion of Zouaves was sent in advance and on tho flanks a8 skir- mishers. The enemy received us with a cannonade which might have become dangerous, as their shot swept the road by which we were to advance in column, Our artillery answered with great effect the fire of the Austrians; and General Forgeot, with two batteries and the riflemen of the First division, supported on our right the attsick wo were about to make, I ordered the Secon’ bat- talinn of the Zonaver to lay down their knapsacks, and followed by tho wholo of the First brigade (9 charge the