The New York Herald Newspaper, May 21, 1859, Page 6

6 NEW YORK HERALD, JANES GORDON BEAN TS, EDITOR AND PROPRIKTOR, OPys0" H.W. CORNED OF VULTOR AND HASBAT Sirs. eas dens Oy amet enitt de ot be TERMS, cash in advence. Money, risk of tha eender, Postage stampa wot received as mu voripisr ¥ i OF: annnn : the wr cena for ry, $k per anu to oy part Gre Tolgornia Wtotonon the teh ned Wh of each tmamdh ct a cond PME FAMILY HERALD, on Wednesday, af four cons yor “Hotuntan Y CORRESPONDENCE, containing importa mows, nf wer of the world ; f wed, will be ad fore wae! Sux, Fonkios CORREEPONDENTS AKA mnncdeants Hixgeeerap vO Sai ais LATiMMe AD P. Mey NOTICE taken of anonymous correspondence, We do nat : fee [NTS renewed every ; weg RT Wenaiy BeusiD, Fauicr HakatD, and én Oe ditions. a MON TING executed wish nectness, cheapnem and de- watch, Wolume KXIV........c.scsesereeees rere Mo. 140 AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. AOADENY OF MUSIO, Fourteenth street —Trartan OreRa Matinee a: one o’Clock—La Favoxrta—IL Puritani. SIBLO'S GABDEN, Broadway.—Ros Ror. BOWERY THAATRE, Bowery-—S'uz Rap Caow—Huirrr Borrsan, METEOPOLITAN THEATRE (Late Burton’s).—Hexry TV—Seven Nations. WALLACE’S THEATRE, Broadway.—Mzx or tau Diy— Boanvinc Scnoon. LAURA EEEN®’S THEATERS, No. 6% Brosdway.—Min- Summer Nigut’s Daxax. THEATRE FRANC. $85 Broadway.—Le Vicouts DE _— AIB, way.—Le Vi BAERNUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.--After- moon and Evening—Unoie Tom's Canin. WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING, 661 and 563 Broadway— Afternoon aad Krening—srusoriam SONGS, Dances, &¢.— Gawut ov tax Laxe, BRYANTE’ MINSTRELS, MEOH ANICS’ HALL, 427 Broad ‘way. —Nacro Sones, &0 —Drxies’ Lann. TRIPLE SHEET. New York, Saturday, May 21, 18: The News. The arrival of the steamships Vigo and Edin- burg and the Canada’s mails enable us to give de- tails of European news to the 7th inst. in to-day’s Heraup; and by the interception of the City of Baltimore off Cape Race, we have accounts to the 12th—five days later—a telegraphic summary of which is also given. The intelligence from the seat of war in Italy presents no new feature of importance. The Aus- | trians still continued inactive, at least so far as re- | gards offensive demonstrations against the enemy. The Emperor Napoleon, accompanied by Prince Napoleon, quitted Paris on the 10th inst. for Genoa, where extensive preparations were making to give them a brilliant reception. The financial and commercial news is more favorable. The London money market continued active, and a further advance in the Bank’s rate of interest was expected. Consols at noon on the 12th were quoted at 91} a 92 for both money and account. The sales of cotton at Liverpool during the three days preceding the departure of the City of Baltimore amouxted to 27,000 bales, at an ad- vance of three-sixteenths to one-quarter of a penny. Breadstufls of all descriptions had declined in and the transactions were very limited. The prov vision market was quiet. Dr. Lardner died at Paris on the 6th and Baron Hamboidt at Berlin on the 7th inst. The steamship Coatzacoalcos has arrived at New Orleans with San Francisco dates to the 5th inst. The shipment of gold on that day amounted to 2,400,000, two millions of which was for New York, Ow correspondent at Bridgetown, Barbadoes, writing on the 2d inst., says:—Owing perha the shortness of the crop, the produce market is rather inactive, the transactions being almost con- fined to molasses, which has advanced per gal. lon (from 16c. to 18¢.) since the 22d ult. The sugar shipped from here to Ist inst. is considered about one-third of the present year's crop, 10. hhds., 895 tierces and 2,413 bbls. The we: continues dry, and the young canes are suflering in some places for want of moisture. Corn meal $4 80a $4 86, and flour $7 50. Fish and lumber are in fair supply. Mess pork $20 50 a $20 70. The public health is improving. More coolies | wanted; they seldom are sick, and never idle. The United States steamers Atlanta and Mem- phis, of the Paraguay squadron, arrived at this port yesterday. They sailed in company with the steamer M. W. Chapin from Montevideo to the Capes of the Delaware, the latter proceeding to Philadelphia, where she arrived yesterday. The steamship Washington, from this port for San Francisco, was to leave St. Catharine’s on the lst of April for her port of destination. Our correspondent in the Bahamas, writing at Nassau, N. P., on the 13th inst., states that the Go- vernor had closed the session of the Legislature, recommending various measures of local improve- ment, but fears were entertained that they would not be carried out. Capt. Paxton, of the American schooner Juana, of Bridgeport, Conn., had been brought to trial, very harshly, for some circum- Stances attending the sale of his vessel, but was ac” quitted. The Police Commissioners yesterday appointed Mr. Amos Pillsbury, now Warden of Ward’s Island, zo be General Superintendent of the Police force, in place of Mr. Tallmadge. The quarterly re was submitted, containing some interesting No definite action was had a: e old pe The jury in the case of James G to agree upon a verdict after deliberating thirty-six ‘hours, were yesterday discharged by the Court. The prisoner was remanded to prisou. The Commissioners of Health met yesterday after- noon, all the members being in attendance. Mayor ‘Tiemann reported that he and the Comptroller had under consideration the resolution referred to them concerning the cleaning of strects and removal of night soil, and that they would be ready to make a final report on Monday next. The Mayor then offered a resolution, which was adopted, inviting the Mayor of Brooklyn and the Health Officer of that city to be present at the meetings of the Mayor and Commissioners of Health of this city during the present season. A petition was pre- sented from a number of citizens residing in Mott street, in relation to the uncleanly condition of the slaughter house No. 216 in that «' well and Miller were directed to tion and report npon it atnext me adjourned till Monday afternoon. The articles which have recontly been most the speculative feeling growing oxt of the intell'gence from Eurep> nearly all took the back yetterday. The brief telegraph report of the nov brought by the City of Baltimore was a eurpriee to com- | mercial circles generally. Cottom men were greatly sur- | Prised to larn that the article bad adyenced. Flour mea ‘were surprised to hear of a further decline in Prices, and ‘Wall stroct men were surprised to hear that eossols had experienced a conside advance. Holders decame firmer and demanded an advance in priecs, which not being conceded to by purchasers, nothing was done, Flour was dull, and cates were limited at a decline Of from Ibe, @ 25c. per bbl. protty much on all grades, Rave of choice family extra brands, which were in Kimited supply and wanted for domestic consumption, Wheat was heavy and lower, while sales were light. Corn wasalso less active and cheaper. Pork was decidedly fheavy and lower, cspecially mess, which gold at $17 25; prime mess sold at $18 a $20, and prime at $15. Tard was dull, and beef stendy. Sugars wore gancrally firm, with sales of about 400 hhds. at prices given in an. Other place. The public tea gale wont off yesterday with Bpirit: medium and common grades wore heavy and easter, while good to prime qrelities of Weth Wiacke ard bec muce sustained at full prices. Coffee war steaty, ! | | Sardinians, the cutting up of the roads and the | placing of obstructions in the way, besides the The carco -f Rio per Joba Bazehew, comprising 5,200 bags, was colt on private terme. Some Jaya goid at 16c., and Lagusysa nt 120 alate, Fett ergagements were | light, acu sotes without alteration of mcment, pt SB a a ‘The News from the Scat of War—The Secret Gr igin of the Conflict=The Real Causes of Austsinn Delay, From the news brought by the steamship City of Baltimore, from Liverpool on the 12th inst, which is five days tater then previous advices, we learn that there had been as yet no battle | between the Austrians and the Allies, but that the Emperor of the French and Prince Napoleon | had left Paris for Genoa, and that console and | cotton had gone up, while breadstuffs had gone | down, the contrary of which was expected at this side of the Atlantic, The rise in consols and cotton is accounted for by the fact that the panic in England bad partially subsided, as the impression gained ground that the government did not intend to embark in the deadly stzife, while at the same time tt was taking ample measures of defence against the contingency of attack. The day may not be far distant, however, when the funds will go down much lower than they have fallen yet. The slight decline in breadstuffs is easily ex- plained by the fact that the speculation in them had been excessive and overdone, as it has been here, and consequent reaction set in. But they will be sure to rise again if the war continnes. The delay of the Austrians in giving battle to the Allies continues to puzzle the British jour- nals. “Their movements,” says the tele- graphic despatch, “are inexplicable.” Pro- bably the arrival of the Emperor Napo- leon on the battleground may set them in rapid motion, either backwards or forwards, Their delay is not so inexplicable as at first sight it seems. It is partly accounted for by the swelling of the rivers from recent rains, the breaking down of bridges, and the artificial flooding of the lower part of the country by the arrival of the French troops more rapidly and in greater numbers than had been anticipated. But all this does not sufficiently and satisfactorily explain the slow movements and hesitation of the Austrian army, What has retarded it most is not what the clements or the enemy have done, but dissension, distrust and the fear of treachery in its own ranks (one-third of the whole garrisons in Lombardy and Venice con- sisting of Hungarians), the sudden discovery of the formidable revolutionary element looming up, the unexpected attitude of Tuscany, appre- hension of the other Duchies being hostile, and, worse than all, the danger of “leaving a fire in its rear.” These are the real causes of delay. From the news brought by the Canada, which we published yesterday, we learn that the Aus- trians had disarmed the Milanese in the very seat of government in their own provinces. But, from a highly interesting letter which we have received from Turin, and which tho reader will find among our news, it will be secn that the Austrians did not get all the arms of the Milanese, ond that the latter hed buricd them in view of a resurrection in good time. This communication, which throws a flood of light on the true causes which have delayed the Austrians, explains another piece of news which we published yesterday. It is stated that General Hess, the Austrian Gene- ral who has the chief command, disapproves of General Gyulai’s plan of attack. Now, General Gynlai is o Hungarian, and the real seuret is that the Commander-in-Chief has no confidence in the Hungarians. Kossuth has been at work on the frontier sending his emissaries among them, and the Austrian government has disco- vyered excellent reasons why it cannot depend on their fidelity. In fact, in every step they take the Austrians are treading on a mine, which is ready to b’ow up beheath their fect. A train has been laid extending from Sicily to the Alps, and beyond the Alps into Hungary, and even Germany itself. Three years ago, with the sanction of Louis Napoleon and under his direction, a secret revo- lutionary organization was set on foot by the Sardinian government at Turin. Its object was two-fold—first, to supersede the party of Mazzi- ni, which, though useful in its day in keeping alive the spark of liberty throughout the land, was now in the way of practical freedom; and secondly, to overthrow the dominion of Austria in Italy, by directing the revolu- tionary element against it, but keeping it back till the opportune moment arrived. How that was effected may be seen by reading the letter to which we refer. It is very evident that the Sardinian government knew what it was about when it accepted the challenge of Austria. A letter from Count Cavour to an Italian gentle- man in this city, which we also publish to-day, shows what confidence that government has in the people of Italy being with it in this struggle. Tt wants no men—it has abundance of the mili- tary clement—it only wants money. And Lonis Napoleon knew exactly where he stood when he issued his revolutionary manifesto dcclaring in favor of the independence of nation- alties, and intimating that Austria must be driven back beyond the Adriatic. He has seized the j electricity of the revolutionary clement in Eu- vope, and, conducting it away from his own throne, he has directed it against Austria, At the same time he clips the wings of her eagle, cripples her growing power, which had become menacing to France, and takes revenge both for himself and Russia for the double part which Austria played in her diplomacy at the outbreak of the Crimean war. By his influence in closing that war in a way satisfactory to Alexander, and using England asa catspaw to further his de- | tigns, he made the Russian Emperor his friend, and they have understood each other ever since The marriage of Prince Napoleon with the Princess Clothilde, of Sardinia, was only a link | in the chain of diplomatic and political evente, all planned beforehand by the master mind of the ruler of France, and virtually now the ruler | of Europe. He appears to have cast his all upon a single throw of the dice; but it is not so The game isin bjs hands. In going into this war he was regarded, a short time ago, as a “madman” by some British statesmen and by London journals which claim great credit for far-sceing sagacity. But he has out-generalled every government in Europe, and he stands to- day the strongest of its monarchs and the real arbiter of its fute. His great uncle, after his foll, in commenting on the ingratitude of the kings and emperors of Europe, remarked in the bitterness of his soul, that if he had only put on the “honnet rouge,” he could have overturned every throne in Europe. The nephew has taken the hint. He has not exactly put on the cap of red republicanism, but he holds the revolutionary | element in the hollow of his hand—“he rides upon the whirtyind axd dirogts the storm.” NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, MAY 21, 1859—TRIPLE SHEET. _ Chevalier 1 ‘mf for China, This is an Important dey—we may gay a red- letter day; in fact, an encch. To-day the Chevalier Wikoff—the hero of a hundred contests in love and politics diplomacy—to day he sets sail for the Central Kingdom, with the Atlantic Ocean. him, the United States behind him, the Stars Banner over his head, and the broad seal of the State Department in his pocket, ‘The Chevalier ‘carries, with the compli- ments of the President to the Son of the Sun and Brother of the Moon, two treaties of amity and commerce—two conventions which are to bind the mandarins of Pekin and the Congressmen of Washington in fealty and unalterable, The mission of the is, next to the European war, the mostimportant event of the The political jo ‘o recognise the charge. Without distinc tors have showered c head. One admires him “is to be entrust have been prompt it of the Chevalier’s of party, the edi- jpliments upon his classic genius, and cays that to the real work of the (Chinese) mission ;"" he goes “fully sup- plied with the of the Cabinet, and par. apprised of the wishes of the Presi- dent.” Another him to Mrs. Behn— one of the cleverest\and wittiest women tha; ever lived—and thinks that he will so charm the “guthorities that they will make him a mandarin of the highest style of button; that he will bring home his treaty much more splendidly upholstered than the Chevalicr Cushing's, and that it will be found st last to convey to us rights which John Chinaman will be ‘bound’ to ve:pect.”” He is called also “a Yankee Bayard,” “a man of fashion,” ‘“¢ man of wit,” “a man of experience,” and marzy other things which we have neither time nor space to quote. ‘lo be sure, to say all these saccharine things of the Chevalier is like gilding refined gold, painting the lily, or throwing a perfume on the violet ; but still it is very refreshing to sce such a grand outburst of glorification from persons who are prone rather to crush modest merit than to water it or to diy around it, or nourish it, or brirg it forth to the cheering influences of the sunlight of recognition. But, as one of his laudators truly remarks, the Chevalier Wikoff is no common man. Few of us have seen more of the world than he. Born to the inheritance of a good fortune—a cool quar- ter of a million orso—he received his prelimi- nary education usder the direction of his guar- dian, Mr. Ingerecll, of Philadelphia—prepared for college at Priaceton, and received his bacca- laureate honors tnder the umbrageous shadows of old Yale’s academic elms. The Chevalier sub- sequently saw the Old World thoroughly; knew all the present rulers when they were sowing their wild oats, and pursued: that agricultural operation with the best of them. He found out the truth of theGerman proverb that “experi- ence is a good schoolmistress, but a very dear one.” Not to put too fine a point upon it, the Chevalier lost nearly all his patrimony in various schemes into which he went con amore. Since then, he has been a sort of roving diplo- mat, here, there and everywhere. One day he may be breukfastiog with Louis Napoleon at Ham; the next, saying pretty things to Lord Palmerston’s Vicomtesse at Broadlands, or drinking tea with Britain’s blessed Queen, or dining with the President, or harmonizing the democratic party of New York, or settling up a diniculty between a capricious prima donna anda much badgered manager. He is ubiqui- tous. We believe thatthe papers are right. That Wikoff is going to China, charged with a very important mission. That is, we believe, he in- tends to start for China, and that he will get there, wind and weather permitting, if he is not prevailed upon by Lord Palmerston to remain and help England out of her present embarrass- ing position; or by Louis Napoleon, who may want his aid in his Russian negotiations; or by the Count de Cavour, whom the Chevalier once dined with, and whom he considers the greatest manof the day. Some of the Chevalier’s sou- venirs of Northern Italy, say about Genoa, are not of the most agreeable character; but his recollections of Turin are ecstatic. Granted, then, that the mission of the Cheva- lier in any point of view is important, there is still a mystery. Why should the fishy democrats, like the Chevalier Forney, the oleaginous Pryor, and the hungry Heiss, join with black re- publicans, like the Hon. Massa Greeley, Dana, of Brook Farm notoriety, Raymond, and others of tlie same political school? The truth is, that they are all hungry, famished and fainting for the spoils ; that they have just begun to find out that the Chevalier Wikoff's fascinations extend to all the powers of all the parties at Washington. He has even succeeded in magnetizing the political editors themselves. Nothing mortal can withstand this serpentine seduction of the facile Chevalier. The hungry politicians have ascertained that he is not to remain in China, but is to return in seagon for the meeting of Congress next winter, and they hope through his influence to manage the mag- nificent printing job—which, “one way and another,” amounts to the quict and comfortable figure of a couple of millions. They are aware, too, that the Chevalier will be in a position to ren- der his own, his native land, very valuable service in the Celestial Kingdom. His occupations will be various. He not only carries treaties made, but probably has secret instructions for farther negotiations between Pekin and Washington. He was formerly a tea merchant on a grand scale, and will no doubt go to work in China and reorganize on a new and extended basis the trade in the herb which stimulates the young and cheers the old. Look out for the Wikoffian revo- lution of the Chinese tea trade. We shall have the best tea in the world, not excepting the Russians. We have thus taken a birdseye, or more pro- perly, in a Chinese aspect, a bird’s nest view, of the Chevalicr Wikoff’s mission, We have shown that, from his enlarged experience of men in high places, his social position and classical edu- cation, his natural cleverness and keenness of, per- ception, he is quite equal to the responsibility which rests upon him. We have stated, too, the reasons why the politicians love him so much. Why, in fact, when he is going away, they cling around his cravat with an outgushing affection which is charming to contemplate. It only re- mains now for us to beg that he will not go until he has had an opportunity to receive the evi- dence of their adoration, which Messicurs Dana, Heiss, Pryor, Raymond and Company wish to tender him. Greeley would have been in the ring, but he had to go to Kansas, where he is dining with the border ruffians. The others wish to give him a dinner ora ball, or both. We hope he will stay long enough for it, and have bo doult that the Lyngry politicians will manage It after the fashion of the Napier affefr, eo that they may have a good amount of glory, lots of eating and drinking of the best kind, make a little money ag well, and secur? the Chevalier’s influence for the award of the printing of the next Congress, Don’t let the Chevalier tear himself away without his dinner. Nevrrat Riauts—Our Frag Must nx Pro- TECTED IN THE Cominc War.—With a general, and possibly protracted European war, no longer in prospect merely, but at this hour awaken- ing the echoes of hostile cannon in the valley of the Ticino, it becomes inevitable that the com- mercial interests of the American nation must be vitally affected in the coming time. Neutral in the contest, and politically indifferent to the re- sults as we may be, the exigencies of a great war will call into immediate and unusul action the commercial resources of this country. Our agri" cultural products will be in high demand ail over Europe; and,as a consequence, our mer- chant marine will be studding with their sails the ocean and the seas of the Old World. In this event it becomes important that our mari- time rights as a neutral Power should be rigorously preserved, and our position in regard to the freedom of the seas be clearly and dis- tinctly understood, beyond a chance of mis- apprehension in any emergency which may arise. it is impossible to overlook the significancy of the remarks relative to neutral rights made by the French Minister, Count de Sartiges, on the eve of his departure from Washington a few days ago. He expvessed his opinion that the commercial relations of this country would be affected by the war, because the doctrine of the right of search would undoubtedly be reiterated and enforced. And inasmuch as France ac- quiesces in the views of this country upon that question, it is pretty evident that the allusion had reference to the probable course England would pursue should the war become gencral. Is it possible that these words bore any relation to those which fell from the same lips a short per month, Had thls mam been retained the accident could not have occurred. His dis- charge was a fair sample of the reckless disre- gard of humana life which characterizes the management of most of our railroad companies. The War of Liberal Propagandism in Europe. The present movement in favor of govern- meatal progress in Europe is of so unusual a character that it requires to be closely studied to enable the mind to grasp its full bearings. When we find two of the most despotic mo- narchs on the Continent placing themselves at its head, the first feeling that suggests itself is one of suspicion. We queation their sincerity, and we doubt the disinterestedness of their objects. We forget, however, that both the French and Russian Emperors are types of a new order of political ideas, or rather they are the authors of the renaissance of those theories which first broke down feudalism in Europe by rendering the interests of the sovereign identical with those of the masses. ‘Thus in Russia we find Alexander initiating re- forms which will have the effect of emancipatiag his people from subjection to the aristocracy, time before—that Napoleon had a plan whereby the United States would be drawn into the con- test? Occupying, as the United States do to-day, the place of a great and controlling maritime Power, and sharing as they must so largely in the carrying trade of the world during the now opening conflict, it will not do to leave the in- terpretation of what we claim to be the rights of a neutral flag in time of war in the smallest doubt. That interpretation our government has al- ways maintained to be, that free ships make free gocds—that the flag of a neutral Power covers both the property and persons of enemy and friend alike, and insures to the vessel bearing it the absolute freedom of the seas, subject enly.to the laws governing the system of blockade and those discriminating as to goods contraband of war. This principle we have beenable to establish and to get recog- nized by come of the Powers of Europe through the medium of treaties. With regard to others— England, for example—the question remains still open, and the time is now ripe for a settle- ment. In view of the vital importance of this sub- jectin the pending crisis, we publish in our columns to-day a succinct history of the nego- tiations effected and sought to be effected be- tween this country and the leading maritime Powers vl Kurope since we fvundation of our government, with reference to neutral rights, thus placing our readers in possession of a know- ledge of the position in which we stand with the world upon the graund of neutral rights on the ocean, It is a history fall of interest, the object of just pride, as proving the advanced position in the march of civilization which this country and her statesmen have taken in regulating and human- izing the rules and usages of war, protecting the private property of the citizen, and restrict- ing the latitude formerly accorded to belligerent nations in their dealings with neutral Powers. Tue Yacut Crve Reaatra.—it will be seen by the rules for the Yacht Club race to come off on the 2d of June, which we publich this morn- ing, that the committee adhere to the old course, extending the race no farther towards In France, the policy of Louis Napoleon, like that of his uncle, has been to destroy all inter- vening influences between the throne and public opinion. We may call this a despotism if we will, because it represents the exercise of the one man power. But this is not the philoso- phical or correct view to take of it, inasmuch as it practically rejects the doctrine of divine right, and refers to the people as the source of all privilege, It rests its existence, in fact, on the theory that it is the duty of the ruler to con- sult the welfare of the many in preference to that of the few. Next to the republican system, a paternal despotism of this kind is, perhaps, the most acceptable to the popular heart. Conetitu- tional forms are liable to abuse, and they admit of class privileges. We ought not, therefore, to feel surprised to find France and Russia sympa- thizing with the wrongs of Italy, or the Italian revolutionists gladly accepting their aid. Never, perhaps, was there a more legitimate illustration of the justice of the French proverb Les extrémes se touchent. To comprehend clearly the motives which in- fluence Louis Napoleon in his policy in regard to Italy, it is necessary to go back beyond the immediate causes of the present war. If, for in- stance, we investigate the circumstances which led to the revolutionary troubles of 1848-'49, we will find that France not only did all that she could, through her representatives, to insure the concession of the reforms that would have prevented those outbreaks, but that even the provisional government of February, through its mouthpiece M. Lamartine, threw a damper upon the efforts of the Italian and German populations to free themselves, With regard to Russia, she acted entirely in reference to the circumstances of her own posi. tion, rendered more or less embarrassing by the foolhardincss and obstinacy of Austria. To show the consistent fatuity and reckless- ness of the latter, we give in another part of to- day’s issue a succinct history of the events which led to the revolutionary movements of 1848. The reader will find from it that it was to Austrian misrule, and her tyrannical intervention in the affairs of neighboring States, that the out- breaks in Italy and Germany were chiefly due. Since that period Sardinia has been compelled to act upon the defensive until the provocativu has become too great for her patience to endure; whilst France, in aiding her, only follows up the policy which she proclaimed in sending her | troops to Rome, that the Italians shall be left free to enforce the reforms that they require and to change their institutions if necessary. The revolutions which have so promptly taken place in Italy on the first outbreak of hostilities sufficiently demonstrate the hatred in which the Austrians are held by all classes of the Italians. It cannot be pretended that these movements emanate from the populace alone, ‘for we find the nobility and the army the first to unfurl the standard of revolt. The conviction in fact is general, that Italy can never enjoy liberal insti- tutions as long as the Austrians are permitted to have a foothold upon its soil. Notwithstanding the expressed determination the sea than the Southwest Spit and Owl’s Head. We regret this determination. The only thing to test the sailing qualities of our boats, the pluck and seamanship of our yachtsmen, and the strength of their stomachs, is a long sea race. These fresh water operations can hardly be classed as maritime sports. Certainly they of France to confine the war to Italy, it is ques- tionable if she will be able to carry her wishes into effect. Many events may occur to render that limitation impossible. Take, for instance, the chance of fresh revolutionary outbreaks in Germany. It must not be supposed that the spirit which prompted the movements of 1848 is will never make good sailors, nor help to im- prove the model and build of our yachts, Why not make a dash for Cape May, or some such point? A race like that would prove what a boat could do in the way of sailing, and how her crew can manage her. Ssrra O’Brien Ex Rovre ror Howe.—Smith O’Brien has arrived at Albany on his way to this city, from whence he will sail by the Vigo, on the 28th instant, for Ireland. Mr. O’Brien has made a long tour through the country in a quiet and unpretending manner, having visited the South and West and penetrated into Canada; and as he seems to have been carefully studying all our institutions, and expressing his opinions upon some of them, he will doubtless take back much valuable information to his countrymen. Unlike other political celebrities from Europe, who received grand ovations on their arrival in this country, and were forgotten before they left it, the friends of Smith O’Brien have reserved their demonstration for his departure. A meeting with this view was held at the Astor House last night, and we believe the intention is that the various Irish military and civic organiza- tions in the city shall accompany the Vigo to Sandy Hook, in a flotilla of small steamers, and there give Mr. O’Brien a parting cheer. It will certainly send the visiter from our shores with some genial memories, which neither a public dinner nor a ball might leave behind it, and, being his last impressions of America, may be the most enduring. iid Tue Cextran Ramroap Siavonter—The telegraphic report of the ‘recent “accident” on the Central Railroad, resulting in fearful loss to life, limb and property, entirely exonerated the company from blame, by the statement that a cow had suddenly jumped in front of the engine before the engineer had time to stop the train; but we had scarcely become firmly convinced that for once a railroad company was faultless in a case of this kind, when we learned that the whole affair was the result of the criminal parsi- mony of the Central Railroad directors. It ap. pears that the company, which assumes to con- trol the politics of the State, and affords to spend its thousands lobbying at Albany, had Giecharged a flagman who had served them faithfolly at this potnt nearly five years, because, they said, they gould not atord to pay him $15 extinct. Those movements were the first efforts of the antagonism which has sprung up between the new life infused into German literature and the despotism of the governing classes. It was the same vivifying influence breathed into the servile literature of France which constituted one of the main causes of the first French revo. lution. In Germany, as in France, after the death of Louis XIV., the ruling powers hay+ | been endeavoring to stifle and crush out the new ¢lement of liberalism, created by this regencra- tion of its literature. It is impossible that with such thinkers and writers as she possessess Ger- many can remain in her present state of political degradation. Gervinue, who in his day had studied deeply the tendencies of the German mind and its capacities for self government, pro- nounced the republican system as best adapted to its temper and genius. Our own experience of the German people would certainly go to con- firm this opinion, and it isnot improbable that the events which are now convulsing Europe may give a further practical developement to the theory. Tue Boarp or ALpERMEN’s INTERPRETA TION.— The words in the charter of this city, “by and with the advice and consent,” are evidently | taken from the constitution of the United States, which declares that the President “shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties,” given to this language by our Board of Alder- men is, that the President, before making a treaty, should go before the Senate and consult with that body in regard to its provisions, and after that is done in a satisfactory manner, he skould then proceed to form the treaty, and send it to the Senate for approval. But this is not The interpretation | | ox Rawr Aver AnwnisrnartOn Oncans Txem \Vasuinaton CorresronpEnts.—We p lish tis mo."uing a special despatch which thr a flood of ligh.* upon those hitherto mysteri purveyors at Wa Shington of our rabid black publican and bog,¥8 democratic journale. thus perceive that th ¢s¢ disreputable newspa) mediume, though they Very properly keep ali from the President and h. ‘6 Cabinet, still find ¢ key to some of the transac, ‘tons of the adminia, tration through a subordinat, *) Bere and there, of the executive departments, . hus, it would ap- pear, that for those peculiar ite Ms of Washing- ton gossip upon which the reckle, @ and violeat anti-administration journals weave their snc | of calumny and scurrility against t.¥e person character of the President, they are i: debted to some of the inconsiderate underlings o1 "the gov: This process of getting at the sayings aed d ings of the administration through the side back door of some executive buregu may be ® great convenience to the parties converned; buf to the administration it cannot, under any cir cumstances, be anything else than a very nuisance. But when the parties thus served liberately distort every fact and every act of administration into the most unmeasured ai malicious personal abuse of the Pres ident bi felf, it becomes the duty of the President to quire into the matter. From the state‘ments our correspondent on the subject, there 13 r to believe that there are some men emple yed the executive departments who are either wi fally guilty or strangely ignorant of the vialati of their duties bona fide to the administra ti in their affiliations with certain Washing’to1 newspaper correspondents. Could the head @ bureau, or an under clerk, enjoying the comfi- dence of the President, be excused in that viol- tion of this confidence which would attach to# systematic intercourse, as a newspaper mediuny, witha man whose vocation is the vilest news- paper abuse of the President? No. And yet it would appear that there is more than one cor- respondent of a black republican, Know Nothing, or bogus democratic journal, who has his news purveyor in one or more of the executive de- partments at Washington. We presume that in this way such political Journals as Forney’s Press, the New York Times and the Hvening Post secure those exaggerated, and highly embellished bits of Washington news, gossip and scandal, to the prejudice of Mr. Bu- chanan, upon which, for the last two years, they | have given him so many letters, paragraphs and | chupters of venomous abuse, But if the Presi- dent cannot interfere with the correspondents thus employed, he can at least inquire how far they are subsisted through the imprudences or treacheries of his official dependents. Au in- quiry of this sort may possibly suggest some efficient remedy for the abuse. We leave it to the consideration of the Presi- dent. Satisfied of theintegrity of his purposes, and believing, as he is fally entitled to believe, that a long, honorable and useful public life, and aclear and spotless private life, will vindicate his present actions before the country, Mr. Bu- chavan may, perhaps, regard all this personal vituperation and scandalous abuse from his po- litical enemies with ivdifference. But still the discipline of the executive departments suggests the necessity of weeding out from them, when detected, every public agent guilty of playing iuto the bands of these systematic newspaper revilers of the President. There isa difference between the freedom of opinion to a public offi- cer and the freedom of personal abuse: and herein lies one of those reforms which might be ust now beneficially inaugrated at Wasbington. Waar 1s To pe Done with tHe Srreets ?— A communication is published in another column by which it will appear that our repeated com- ments on the disgraceful state of the streets has elicited some portion of public feeling on the / subject. Our correspondent complains that the whole city from Park place to Righteenth street is an unfit residence for the families of our citi- zens, owing to the poisonous vapors emitted from the stagnant pools and piles of filth in the streets. We described yesterday the condition | of the lower portion of the city, which is still | worse. But there isno use in complaining—we | must do something to remedy it. Neither the | Mayor, nor the Board of Aldermen, nor the Health Officers, seem disposed to move in the matter—so that there is nothing left for it but to clean the city ourselves. While all our worthy functionaries are coquetting with each other about political patronage and the plunder of office, pestilence is stalking with giant strides towards our homes; and when it is too late, | perhaps, the people will lament their dilatoriness | and indiflerence. Tur Vickspure Fire-Eaters’ Conventton— Tux Cosine Scunes.—We close up to-day the proceedings of the Vicksburg Southern Conven- tion, and are happy to announce that it has | neither turned the volume of the Mississippi river | up stream nor dissolved the Union. The sub- stance of the work done was a resolution declar- ing that all federal and State laws prohibiting the African slave trade ought to be abolished- With the adoption of this resolution, it will be observed, some of the most prominent, and cer- tainly the most sensible members of the Con- vention, washed their hands of the whole con- cern, and retired in disgust. It is very clear that these so-called Southern Commercial as- semblages “have fallen under the control of a little knot of restless dieorganizing politiciaar, who are very anxious to get up a small political party of their own upon which to trade for the’ spoils and plunder of the next Presidency. The -\frican slave trade is an ingenious dodge for a platform; but we apprehend that these specula- tive Southern philanthropists will, ia the sequel, fall short of their calculations. The laws vill be sustained; and the solid public opinion of the South will sustain the administration in enforcing the laws. Nor will the attempt to get up a Southern excitement in favor of the regeal of the African slave trade pains and penalties amount, to much, convinced, as the Southern people are, of the utter foolishness of all such experiments of agitation. The President of this Vicksburg Conveation the interpretation given to that portion of the constitution in Washington. The practice adopted by the government is for the President to make treaty first, and afterwards transmit it to the Senate for adoption. But the Aldermen say the word “advice” cannot be nullified. This is very reasonable, but that does not seem to be the point in dispute, The question simply is whether the Aldermen’s advice shall be solicited befor.g or after the nomination is made—the Board gon- tending that they should be consulted pr eyious to making the p¢mination, while the Mar ‘yor holds that ft is quite in accordance with the © sarter If be Goe# before them with bis msn aly.ody selected, is authorized to call the next, one; and from certain hints thrown out, he wif prohably post- pone his call until after the Presiden‘dat election. Then, should Seward or some other regular Dlack republican be clected to tie White House, we way expect a Southern Commercial Con- vention that will do something to shut the door in his face, And so, let us wait in patience, and be thankful that, between our Northern abolitionists of the Garrison creed and jis our Southern eccession‘st fire-eaters of the Spratt school, wo have still a season of grace allowed to usin which to prepare cither for the total abolition of Southern elayery, or the revival of