The New York Herald Newspaper, May 22, 1859, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. near ecient cette aatnt eR COA A isn repaint bane So WHOLE NO. 8295. ADDITIONAL FROM EUROPE. ARRIVAL OF THE VANDERBILT, Very Quick Run Across tho Atlantic. ur Paris, Berlin and 8st. Petersburg Correspondence. NAPOLEON LEAVING PARIS. The Regency Decree and Its Confirmation. The Fmpress Engenie to Preside at tho State Councils, THE THREE DYNASTIES OF FRANCE. War Bulletins of Austria and - Sardinia. POSITION OF THE CONTINENTAL NEUTRALS, AFFAIRS IN ROME, THE MINISTRY OF TUSCANY, ko, &o., ko. The Vanderbilt steamship Vanderbilt, Capt. Lefebre, from Southampton on Wednesday, May 11, arrived at this port at 11:30 yesterday forenoon, Her news has been an- tichpated by ovr telegraphic despatches from St. Johus, N. F., furnisbed by the City of Baltimore, and published yesterday morning. ‘This passage of the Vanderbilt is a remarkably short one—the quickest on record. Annexed is an abstract of the log of the United States mail steamship Vanderbilt, Captain P. E. Lefevre, on her passage from the Needles (lele of Wight), to Sandy Hook lightehip, sea time:— 1889, Miles. May 12. Leftthe Needies at7 P. M. Distance at nodn....... + 235 38. May 14. May 15, May 16, May 17. May 18. May 19. Light wind at east... May 2, Caimiaod thick foge, dietance by D: R...... 340 May 21. winds SB, with fog, distance...... 170 Total distance from Needles to Lichtship..........3,115 Hove to off iightship at 10 P, M., in adense fog. Days. Hours. Minutes. Apparent t'me of pagengo........ ies 3 — ‘Aad time Sandy Hook to New York. — 1 30 ‘Add difference of longitude........ — 4 56 revert ia astss. ® 9 26 This, comparatively, is the quickest pasaage to New York (difference of time aided) as will be seen by the follow- ing table:— Days. Hours. Minutes. Baltic, July 8, 1856, 9 36 33 Persie, June 23, 1859 9 2 29 Vaaderbiit, June 19, 9 2 hss Vanderbilt, Muy 21, 1659. 9 9 26 The Bsltic’s avd Persia’s passages were made from Liverpool to New York, while the Vanderbilv’s paseages are trom the Necdles to Now York, @ greater distance by 90 miles than the distance from Liverpool. For this diffe- rence of distance 6 hours must be deducted off tho Vander- bilt’s time, reducing her passage in comparison to 9 days, 3 hours, 26 minutes, or 13 houre 7 minutes less than any former passage to New York by any steamship whatever. The Loadon Times of the Oth of May publisheathe fol significant announcement in its advertising Rvastan Taare pen Cunt Loax.—Travsistion of notice Sscued at St. Petersburg:—From regard. to existing political circumstances, the Imperial Russian Government relieves all subscribers to the three per cent loan from their engagements, and authorizes Thomson, Bonar &”Co., of St. Petersburg, and F. Mart, Magnus, of Berlin, to return to the said 8u>- ecribers the moneye they bave klrendy patd on their axb- seriptions. J. THOMSON, T. BONAR & CO, London, May 4, 1859, The correspoudet of the Loudon Times at Newcastie- on-Tyne, writing oa the 4th of May, gives the following which is also romewhat riguificant:— The Rurgian government, az we before stated, has countermanded wu exteusive order for locomotives aad Mmachwery, and a urge tir in this town has been obliged to pay off 200 or 200 hands. "Mo Paris correspondent of the Manchester Guardian, writing on tbe Gth of May, says:— There are ug'y reports afloat of some mishap having be- fatien the new French gups—constructed after the Lay rial ideas. This sometimes takes the form of news that a large wumber of these gunx—one informant said between 200 and 400—had burar in trials; sometimes, that eome part oftheir breach loacivg machinery has suffered iu the ‘course of the rough ussge they have experienced during the first stages of their mouatain transit, eo that the great- er part of the guns are, for the trae being, useless. Lam not aware what ie the authority for these ruaors, but 1 mepiion them,ac I haye heard them from very diferent sources: ‘The Pari correspondent of the Brussels Independance ways that the Emperor has given a private audience to a Cardinal bent on a mission to the French government, and ‘that ais Holiness persists in retaining tho power of leaving ‘Rome in certain eventualities. The Nord states that the daughter of Baron Hubner, the ‘ate Austrian Minister at Paris, remaios in that city, and ‘will enortly be married to M. deBanneville, the late re- preventative of France at Vienna, Our Paris Correspondence. Pants, May’ 5, 1859. Effect in Paris of the Proclamation of War—Iis Enthusias tie Reception by the Masses—England Denounced as Play- ‘tng into the Hands of Francis Joseph—Exciting Scenes Attendant on the Departure of the Troops—The Bourgeoise Bitterly Opposed to the War—Vanaty of Lord Cowley— BMamner in which he Was Duped by the Emperor—Dr. Conneau, dc., ée. Events have indeed movod at a racing pace aince I last wrote. The days of speculation, of political prediction, Ihave been ewept away as the figures of a diorama, We ‘have arrived at the period of great facts. The Second Empire, albeit strongly given to utter mocking cries of WEmypire c'est la paiz, otc., and on the strength of that little vanity to get up most entertaining morceauz of co. quetry, not only with Fuglish Lord Mayors and city She- wiffs, and English merchant princes, but with English statesmen of all parties, ministers of high degree, the very premiers of their respective creeds, aye, and with the English Queen herself bodily, both at Windsor and Versailice—stands revealed at last, ihe lone, legitimate and most sagacious heir of the Corsican artillery officer, who, at Toulon, first made bituself the mark of men. Iv noble and spirit stirring language, Napoleon the ‘Third, by the grace of God and the national will, Emperor of the French, issues his proclamation of war. Every Public edifice, public thoroughfare, every poet and gate- ‘way, &nd all corners of the streets, are alive with the living words of the prees. Very different is tho sensation Produced now from that of a similar public edict when Buesia was the object of attack. Then, ali was mystery and bewilderment to the vulgar mind. To fight against Russia, so far offand away, was puzzling; Put to do this in company with tho English, of all people in the world, ‘was profoundly inexplicable. Now, howoyer, there is no mistake; tho thing is at once intelligible; it is the cry of their fathers summoning their sons to share in their own sorrows; it is France invoked by destiny “to put the Sword of Bronnus through the treaties of Vienna’”- ‘More, it is the old, legitimate and eternal hostility t Jand assuming shape and form. England may prow forth its disinterestedness—and the journals run over ‘with the orations of her foremost men just now—but to Jobnny Crapcan’s mind one thing is as clear as day. Light, that treacherous England finds all the money for France’s enemy, It is a natural ryllogism. Austria $6 bankrupt for money; if she incur the expenso of a war bo munt have moro moncy, and who is there in tho wide ‘world to give itto her but Fngland? Tt is against Aus. Sian bayonets, but really against English Bold, the gous of France go t fight, ag their fathers did before them; and when they have conquered and won, as con- quer they will, then shall come the real tug cf war with Perfidious Albion herself, Such being tho sentiments of the masses, you will not- be surprised of the enthusiastic reception given to each connecting link of the great war scheme, as day after day and hour :fter hour it anfolds iteelf. One would think the trammels of the press had been once more thrown down, and that we lived in the days antecedent to the coup d’éat, when, 80 absorbed was every coché, plying for hire, ticket porter, or garcon de Patissver carrying out ‘his customary hot dinners in his nowspoper, that ho was in danger of forgetting what Lord Malmesbury would call an immortal truth—that bread-getting was sometimes more important than “ news-getting.”” ‘The solemn constitution of the Regency in the person of the Empress, the allugion to the only surviving brother of him whose magnificent Arch of Triumph attracts the won- der of mapkind in the grand avenue of the Champs Eiy- see, the artistic exposé of Count Walewski of the merits of the quarrel, the departure ofthe Austrian ambassador, the rumored alliance offensive ana defensive betwoe France and Russia, the inteliigence that the steamer —the Queeu Hortenze—oh, would that she whose name that steamer bears could bebold the sight—has already re ceived the Admiralon board under wiove guidance our modern Coear is to cross the Rubicon which divides Frence from Italy—all falling upon the public ear, one after another, keep it in a species of excitement which beggars eit deseription. Then, the incegsant roll of the drom, the continual passage of troops to the ditferent rail- Way stations, the joyful straius of martial music, and the intermizable rumbie of artillery wagons, must not be forgotten. The streets are full of idie gazers— every one eeems startled out of his ordinary propriety; the butcher's boy forgets his mission, the cook has pitebed her caparols into the dun pail, aad forgetful of any thing so groes and unchivalrous as the pot au-feu, is in the thickest of (he crowd, shaking hands with the parting sol- diery, or admiring the tambour major’s athletic gymaas. tics. Vine UMlalie— Vive Varmée de V Ratie— Vive V Emre- reur, a bas les Autriches; and not unfrequently—A bas les Anglais et les traitis de Vienne—are the ovationary cries through which the French soidier files his wey to victory or death, It ie interesting sometimes to scrutinize the men indi- vidually, after admiring the m: What small men they are, and how young and raw! How little of martial glory shere seems on that bigh cheok boned, dark aud pinched face. He walks lightly, though, under that knapsack, c2- pote, soup howl, tent pole, batterie de cuissine and other pumberless articles, heavy musket and all; and his gear, though littie showy, is admirable for its purpose. The perspiration streams from his brow, and his eye has ao aexious look, But the trumpet sounds, the wild note op war echoes through the fine strains of music, the flag of Frunco waves o’er his bead, and tho acslamations of his countrymen float him along in trium Wind’ station de depart. y There, indeed, the ecene strangely changes. For the moment ranks are broken, there ia pelit quart d’heur before the train starts, One cup, thouyh that cup were in serrow, must be pazeed roun¢d—alrea a muster of friends and relatives of that other ich as it oves bravery, loves the brave still more are not the children of our northern clime, who witli ju dian sto- lidity clog up the fountains of sentiment, and woula hoid their manhood dishonored if seen to shed a tear, an Englishman is fairly taken aback by the scaue which meets his eye and ear, Arms ere piled, and women and men are locked in each other’s embraces. Rache' mourning for her children is nothing to it: Such cries of grief, euch loud wails of agony, such sobs and groans—the ren hot one whit leae demonstrative tban the tender sox-— I have never witneseed before. Sach an ou'pouring of forrow, scch a thorough forgetfulness of the pide of the soldier, it ja not pessibie to conceive—for the officers, with their golden €jyanlettes and glittering cagqrs, were just 28 vomoenned as the men: it was acurious edition of that mus- ty quotation of Fiorence:— Dulce et decorum est pro patria mort” ‘The large building of the station ubsolately rang with the bellowings and bleatinge of the chivalry of France, After all, the deep throes of the human heart are as wel! vented, instead of being pent up. There mea, like their fathers, will still maintain the imperishable prowess of tho Gavt, and if Napoleon have the genius for command He will rouke other plains as glorious for the French Lame as Austeriitz and Marengo. It is certain that the bourgeo'se to a man detest this warlike poticy. They feel honestly convinced that it must end in a war with England. The lors «f five hundred mil Hons already frightens them, ard the Englieh Chanceltor of the Fxchequer’s statement on the hustings, of the euperabundant financial reeoutces*of , has-not rendered them at all more contented. A protracted wer they think it impossible for the Emperor to carry on, What can be his object then? Is ita rald upon the Ea glish shores, where lives a people that can bear with ease an apnos! additional taxation to the amount of the loan now asked, and who would tend their soverciga the same loan for ten years consecutively, and feel none the poorer at the enof There’s a golden egg, indeed, to chip. Why not ge tothe neat iteelf? Thus, Mr. Disraeli’s fine oration is a? once # error and a bait ‘The journals peglegt no opportunity of giving the pub- Ito mind an adequatefWwar stimulus, Sometimes facts aro varrated of men atteInpting to ‘commit suicide because they have not been happy enough to be enrolled in the army of Htaly. Sometimes veterans beyond the age of sorvice stand at the coor, with tears in their eyes, implor- ing to be led to the feild of glory, &, In general, the articles are exceedingly eloquent upon the police ‘and general espionage syetem adopted by the government of Austria: just as if co such thing existed in France. Bat, on we whole, I do uot find that any of the reflecting class are in the least misled by this or by those various sinu- oeivies of diplomacy through which war has flnatly devel- oped itself, The Emperor meant war, it is said, from the Puttiog Austria’s eins of government out of the question, she is sot half so much guilty of breaking the tresties of Vienna us he is. It was only too much Austria’s interest to Keep them unviolaiel. Charlatanry and bis usual good luck bave wonderfully aided bim. The initiation of Austria, coupled with the protest of Engiand, Russia and Prussia, is a curious godsend, though in fact it biiads noboly but the unthinking. The Emperor, it is ayerred, haa passed the first phase of that career whch he ig determined shall bo ing brilliancy, or nothing. or seven years he profoand mystery to all Europe, during which jed men and nations whither he woukt, has raiged up the French name to an extraordinary pitch of grandeur, and has produced a military and naval armament un. equalied in ber annals, He believes the caution, self re straint, silence and moral empire ke has evinced in these seven 'yeers of famine, so t epeak, immeasurably the most difficult part of his vocation; that which lies before him—snecess and glory in the field of battie—the easiest: and be is now about to enter upon what he considers his seven years of plenty. As to Lord Cowley, the remarks I made upon his mis- sion from the first have only too truly been corroborated. ‘The English ambassador is a grand man m his way, but, like mony grand men, not half so profound as the world tbinke him. He bekeves himee!f—becauso he is exceed- ingly suspicious in little matters—a shrewd man; whereas it is merely bis habitual distrust of himself, and by his constant recourse to more responsible support, that he has often been saved from committing very gross biunders. With the Emperor he has always stood remarkably fair. Napoleon liked the thorough absence of ajl intrigue in his character, after what he had known of the Marquis of Normanby, and it has been his grand object to keep well with England till all his plans wore effected. Lord Cowley bad the utmost reliance in him. His constant observation to all the succes- sive ministries who have employed him has been, “if the Emperor is notatrue man, I have never met with one.” And the Emperor, doubtless, is a true man in the larger sense of the term: that is, if he lies, it shall be only to obtain a throne; and if he condescends to send the English Arabaesador, whom he has honored with his close friendship, on a fool’s errand, and make him tao sneer of Europe, it is only that he may be true to the object of hig great mission on earth—that of regaining the empire of France. Lord Cowley’s natural jealousy and suspicions, which makes him the terror and dislike of all his en- tourage, was magniticently blown out ot him by the Em- peror during a seven years conjoint pilgrimage; but the Emperor bided his time and “sold” him. In fuct, the only wonder is, how any man with such opportunities should for a moment have been misled into the snpposition that all the great preparations teken in hand by France could be got rid of by a little friendly chat with Austria. . Conneau, the private medical attendant of the Em- peror, attends him to the command of the army of Italy. Of al sole to ‘of Napoleon in exile, this is the only man who kept the even tenor of his way—refusing bopors of every kind, or riches. His existence would not be known except that on eventful occasions, such as a. coup d'état, the Kmpreea’s accouchement, or an oocasion like the present, bo suddenly ‘appears.’ Yet be it was who pessed six years of hia life et Ham with him, and through good and evil report never despaired of his uiti mate success. As they embark together in the Queen Hortenee, the friends—for bosom friends they have ever continued—cannot help but exchange a smile at the muta bility of all things: a dozen years ago a prisoner escap ing in the guiee of a carpenter, with plank on shoulder from the dungeons of the King of France, now Empero and Field Marsba! of the legions of that same King. Oar Berlin Correspondence. Berun, May 4, 1869. The War—Evrors in Austrian Tactics—The Advance into Sardinia a Mistake—Public Opinion in Prussia Lean. ing in Favor of Austria—German Int-rests Paramount to Halian—Probable Conference Between the Prince Re gent and the Cxar—Proposed Alliance between Russia, Prussia and England, dc., dc. After the atate of suspense we have becu kept in for the last few weeks, it is almost a comfort to know the worst, and to be relieved from all further uncertainty. The pas sage of the Ticino by the Austrians, the official intelligence of which reached Berlin on Saturday, is the first act ot a terrible drama of which no human being can foresee the SUNDAY MORNI jssue, but which, though at tho price of an effusion of blood and of wide spread ruin and misery too dreadful to contemplate, will at least have the merit of extricating Europe from the unnatural poaitioa io which it has been Placed, and paving the way to a final solution of those quaestiones veratcee which the mapcuvres of diplomacy could only have adjourned, not settled, It is like a thun- der storm that dispeis the vapors und noxous miasms with which the atmosphere is surcharged, and restores it to health and purity, There was a reporton Monday that the Austrians had encountered an obstinate resistance at the bridge of Buf- falora, and that they had suffered severely tn forsing their pagaage, a regiment of Croats which rejoices in the original appellation of “Ron Miguel’ having lost tt2 col» peland several officers, whose vamee wore ev tioned; but this has not been coufrmed, aad 14 appears that Count Gyulai and his army nave acvaucod dayoad | the Ticino end penetrated ae far a8 Verool) witdous ing an enemy. We soust make wp our winds wou aum-rous flight of canards, 68 the Austrian pavers have w weys been renowned for their inveative powe: ‘which fomous Turtar hoax was 60 remarkal ea syecinuo. sill tary men are of opinion that the torwars movement of the Austrians is a stratogical mistake, ‘cal blunder, and that they are playing a gno that way lead to the moet fatal consequences, If wey were to, await the onslaught of the French in Lombardy they would have a double girdle of fortresses, extenuing (com Lake Como to Piacenza and Cremona, and frou the Tyrolese Alps to Mantua, for their point @appui, whicn the enemy would find it difficult, if not impossible to break through; whereas by venturing into Piedmont they not only forego tbat advantage but wiil have to force a line of strong en- trenchments which the Sardinians have for months been busily engaged im throwing up, and which are defeaded by un army of at least 50,000’ men, reinforced Provably by an equal number ef French, the vanguard of whic! arrived at Turin on the 28th ult. Ifever the Austrians should succeed in storming these redoubts, it could only ve with immense loss, and the allies would thea retire upon Alessandria, one of the fortresses in Itaiy, when by that time ihe whole French army wouid be concentrated and ready to receive them. Should they Suffer @ defeat at that point they would be ip the same predicament as Melas was at Marengo, for their retreat would he interrupted by the French corps that is descend- ing from the Cottian Alps, and not many of them would be able to regain their ow frontiers. If the allies were overthrewn at Alessandria, and oe obtained possession of: that stronghold, Position would of course be materially improved; but evan then they would be exposed to fresp attacks from the French, woo sre pouring into the Sardinian territories in bers; and it is scarcely to be antici be abieto stand their ground ‘would encompass them on every vide. The events in Tus- capy and Parma aiford a plain ‘indication of the state of public feeing in Italy; they will not be without their ef- fect upon Lombardy, where s general rising may be ex- pected, which will threaten the communications of the Austriang, and perhaps oblige them to fall back upon Milan, even if vicvorious in the Seid of battle. Their army it stated to be from 225,060 to 260,000 strong: but of these aconsiderable proportion will have to be left behind to gerrigon (be fortresses; and it is not likely, therefore, that Gyulat bas more than 150,000 men at his disposal, whose ranks must be thinned every day by the sword, by dis- ease and the thousand casuaitics inseparable from mitita- TY operations in w forcign and bostile country. Here in Prussia public opinion is very much divided as to the part this government should take ia the present crisis. The whole Kreuzgeitang faction is in favor of Aus- tria, insisting upon the necessity of defending the ‘“eoli- darity of conservative interests” against the revolationary elemeat personitied by Louis Napoleon and Victor Ema- nuel, and this view is shared by many of the semt-liberul | organs, Who look upon the quarrel of France with Austria | as the prelude to designs subversive of the freedom and | integrity o| Germany. The rumors of an alliance between | Fravce, Russia and Depmmurk, though contradicted in | the most authoritative manner by the official prints, have | served to intepe-fy this feeliog, it betug apprehended thas | if Germany allows Avstria Lo be struck down without | lending her a neipiug aand, she will bereelf be subjected | ere jong to ibe aitucks of a hostile coalition from eastand | wert, These fears are said to bave found an echo in the Prussian Cabi od atuhongh it still adberes to the sya- tem of neutra:ity, +) &erus Octermined to be armed at all points and prepared for every emergeney. On Monday, Geseral Poon, the Minister of War, in- | formed the Chambers that in view of the serious compli- cations that bac armen, government bad thougat it ad- visable lo extend ihe A “teyshereitschaft to the entire Prus- | #iaD army, instead of the three corps to which it has been originally restrictea, adding that in a few days they hoped to lay before the Irgiginture @ stauement of the actual | Position of affairs, ana of the poiicy that would be pursued | by this country. ' This depends no doubt in a great mea- sure on the attitude of Russia, with whom an active inter- change of despatches 6 kept up, which must iead w un | eclaircissement 48 to the reu) intentions of the Court of St. | Petersburg. It is generally reported tbat the Czar bas | invitea the Prince 1 to Meet him at Myslovietz, on the frontier of Poland ana Silesia, to confer with him persona!!y on the condition ‘of Europe, aud to concert measures for confiving the war to its present focus, und to prevent it from spreading over the rest of the Continent. I'nis, however, could only be done by both Powers agreeing to remain neutral, whatever might happen; but, unfortunately, such @ course would not be in accordance with the duties” of Pruseia as a party to the Germanic Confederacy, by which she ia bound to assist any member of that body whose do- mipions are invaded bya foreign enemy. 48 long as the struggie is limited to the Italian Provinces of Austria, which are not miegral portions of Germany, | Prussia is under no obligation to interfere; but if the | French sbouid drive the Austrian legions out of Lombaroy Gud puréue them to the frovtiers of their German ierri- tory, or if Trieste should be attacked by a French rquadron, the Cabinet of Vienna would have a right to ciaim the | aspistance of Prussia, which she could pot refuse without | dissolving the federal union of Germany. To obviate ‘his difficulty, an armed altiance between Prussia, Rustia and Engiand hag been proposed, by which France is to be restrained from violating German soil in the event of a successful campaiga iv Italy, Prussia enyaging in roturn not to act on the offensive against France, though she witl gonsider it necessary to merch an army to the Rnine to observe the movements of that slippery Power. ‘fhe English govern. | ment bave received this proposal very favorably, but itis ag yet uncertain whether Rusela will approve of it, or a, least of one of its most important stipulations, eccordiog to which a French invasion of Germany is to be considered by the three allies as a declaration of war, wae's Our Petersburg Correspondence. | Sr, Perersuvre, April 30, 1859. | Actual Nature of Ure Relations between Russia and France— Division in the Opinions of the St. Petersiury Cabinetin | Regard to tts Foreign Policy—Tempting Proposals Made by Louis Napoleon to the Czar—T he Propositions not Ac cepted—What Russia Really Engages to Doin Aid of France—Tardines of Her Military Preparations—Dis- turbance in Her Financial Arrangements, dc., de. The difficulties in Western Europe have suddenly as- sumed such formidable dimensions as to effect a complete change in the entire political situation, throwing ull hopes of conciliation into the background, and making war no longer a question of time, but of actual imminence. Whilo | Tam writing it 1s not improbable that the French and Austrians have already come to biows, and by a telegra- phic despatch arrived here yesterday from London, it ap- pears that the stock exchange of that city had been fright- ened from its propriety by advices—most probably de- rived from Austrian sources—that Russia had entered into an offensive and defensive league with France, by which she binds herself to declare war against Austria fourteen days after the latter shail have crossed the Sardinian fron- tier. Under these circumstances, you will naturally ex pect me to enlighten you as to the actual etate of affairs 80 far as regards this country, and I hasten to impart all the information I am able to obtain on this subject, and which you may consider as perfectly authentic. In my despatch of the 3ist March I gave an exposé of | the relations that have existed between France and Russia | since the treaty of Paris, by which you will havo per- ceived that, in consequence of a mutual understanding, unattended, however, by written stipulations, the French | government had been forwarding our views in respect to | the affairs of the Kast, while we lent it our moral influence in euch questions as related to the west of Europe. Iro- peat once more, that no definite engagements were enter- ed into by either State, but the friendly connection be- tween the two courts, inaugurated by the meeting of our Emperor with Napoleon Ill. at Stuttgardt, kept increasing ip intimacy, and was still further cemented by the visits of Grand Duke Conetantine to Paris and to Turin, where he formed a personal friendahip with the King of Piedmont I have aiways told you that the Grand Duke was almost a much Emperor of Russia ag his brother, the latter devot- ing himself more especially to the internal governmen of his dominions, while Constantine assumed the direction | of foreign politics, which suited his bold and aspiring ge nius, It was through his interference that the Piedmontes> government was induced to cede the port of Villafranct to Russia, in return for which his Imperial Highness did hie best to promote the family ailiance between the houses of Savoy and Bonaparte, which was by no means such am int- promptu sffair as is generally i ed, but was contom- Plated as carly as last summer; and the journey of Prince Napoleon Jerome to Warsaw, which at the time gave rise to many interesting rumors, was connocted with this pro- Ject. en then it was manifest that sooner or later there would be a rupture between France and Sardinia | on the one side, and Austria on the other, and of course it ‘was of the highest importence for tho former to obtain the moral, and, if possible, the material support of Russia, | in tho’ event of hostilities actually breaking out. Whe. | Grand Duke held ‘out definite promises Co operation, and how far they wero by certain members of our Cabinet, itis very dificult tomay. Ihave mentioned more than once that there are two parties in our influential circies— a war party and & peace party—Grand Dako Coastantiuc and Prince Alexander Mikailovitch Gortschakofl, the Fo- an Minieter, being at the head of the former, andthe Emperor, Prince Orloff, Court Adierberg, and most of the | other minteters adbering to the latter, G, MAY 22, 1859. ‘The friends of pace bye that Raggia should abstain al. Italy, we have by our letters patent of this day cynfided together from mixing hereelf ap with any squabbles the to our well beloved wife the Empress, and wo among the other Powers in ‘which her interests are net di- | have regulated for the time of our absence the order of rectly involved; they insist upon the ‘of hus. | service by an act inserted in the State archives, and maic banding the resources of the country, of di all their | known to our uncle, Princo Jerome Napoleon, to the efforts to interpal improvements, to the developement of | members of the Council, to the Presidents of the trade, agriculture and induetry, and the settlement of the | Senate, of the Body, and of the Council of great and difficult question of serf emancipation, | State. snd they ask what Russia bee. pened, by tome Deciroue of giving to our uncle Prince Jerome marks of interventions, except the hatred of those States | the high lence we place in him, and by the ald uf bis whom rhe attacked and the ingratitude of those | in » OX] 0e and devotion to our person, to fa- she befricnded. Tue opposite party reply that | cilitate the of our well beloved wife, we have do- & country like Rustia cannot keep aloof from pe cided and do decide that the Empress Regent shall take, tical entanglements of Europe without abdicating on the resolutions and decrees which may be subm' position a8 one of the great Powers, and baqagren’ herself | to her, the counsel of the Prince our uncle, We have, to a state of igolation which might eventually lead to a se- | moreover, conferred upon him, ag we confer upon him by cord coalition against her; whereas the present crisis | these presente, the right of presiding, in the absence of would afford her a favorable opportunity of recove! the Empress Regent, at the Privy Council and at the Coun- the ground she had lost by the late war, and removing cil of Ministers, a forther obatac'es to her progres in the East. Ag asort of | Given at the Palace of the Tulleries this 3d of May, compromise between these two F acon it was decided | 1859. NAPOLKON. *hmt our goveroment should step din the character (Countersigned) ACHILLE FOU!D, of a mediator, and it was this determination that gave rise Minister of State, ‘9 the proposal of a congress, which for a moment seemed ‘The Moniteur bas the following:— destined 10 ernooth all existing difficulties. Ihave every During the time the Emperor will be with the army, bi reason to believe that in making this proposal our govern- | Cabinet, maintaining its actual ‘organization, will perform ment acted in perfect good faith, though unquestior its functions at Pari#,as hitherto. All petitious relative ably with a view of promoting and consolidating the iath to private or collective interests or to propositions of ence and authority of Russia. By a congrets | general interest, must therefore be addresned to the the id in the diplomatic action was taken out | Emperor at Paris, and not to his head-quarters, of the hancs of England and to Russia, and sanguine hopes were entertained that it would suc- SARDINIA, ceed in wringing such concessions from the Court of ‘Tvmin, Monday, May 9, 1859. Vienna as would satiety France and Sardinia, ani weaken the power of Austria, without resorting to the dangerous and uncertsio decision of arms, By degrees, however, it became evident that these expectations were doomed to be dieappo'nted; the in'erpretation given by Austria to the four bases of negotiation agreed on by Russia and England, her obstinacy in demanding the diearming of Sardinia, and ber pertinscieus refuse! to admit that little kingdom toa Seat at the congress, a)! coradined to show that she would rather submit Lo the utmost extremity than reeiga without a struggle the power in Italy which #he had acquired py forty years of political intrigue and military violence. Ip the fame measure as tht became apparent, the Emperor Napoleon grew more preesing in bis applications to the Russian government; his ambassador, the Duc de Monte. bello, who had been in Paris on ‘eave of almence, was des: patched to our capital in hot hnete, and the most tempting offers were made to insure our support. Tae treaty of 1456 was to be annulled, the neutralization of the Black Sea reecinded, the Danubian principalities, Constantinople it. selt, abandoned to the mercy of Russia, if she coosented te make common cause with the French, and to eaver the Jista with them against Austria, or against Prussia and the otber German Siates if they should take the part of that Power. To the best of my kuowledge and belief, these Propositions have not been accepted; Rusgia, though pro- testing onergeticaily against the conduct of Austria, has neither concluded up offvusive nor a defersive alliance with France, amd the agreement betweeu them re- duces iteelf to certain preliminaries, oy which she engages to place corps of observation on the Austrian frontier, to use her good offices with England to contine the latter in an attitude of neutrality, and to induce Prussia to adhere to the samo system, with a hint that an attack upon France is likely to be considered a casus belli. At present, therefore, matters stand as follows:—As Jong as hostilities are confined to Italy , Rossia will remain perfectly neutral, contenting herself with watching the frontiers of Hungary and Gallicia; a8 soon as Prussia marches an army tothe Rhine, a Russian army will ap- proach the frontiers of Prussia, but without proceeding to hosulities; if, however, that Power should declara war against France, without special provocation, and 1oerely to make a diversion in favor of Austria, she must do #0 at the rizk of being attacked by Ruseia. Unless one of those sudden political revolutions occurs to which we have been babituated of late, there seems no prospect of the latter eventuality taking place; our goverument has received from Prussia the assurance that she is oaly arming in de- fence of Germany and of German interests, and that she hae bo intention whatever of interfering in the contest as long ag it ws fought out on Itatian ground. There appears, how. ever, to be equal agitation in Germany; the vational ha, tred of France bas been roused almost to fury, and it is found that the popular effervescence may be too strong for the governments to control, if evan they were all willing to ¢o 80, which is not the case, 28 many of them are known to be warmiy attached to Austria, As yet scarcely any military preparations have been made here; even the levy of recruits that was expected carly this month bas not taken piace, but it will hardly be delayed much longer. The entire army te still on the peace establishment to which it was reduced in 1858; but the goldiers who were dismiszed on farlough have been or- cered to repair totheir regiments, and tho troops stationed in the interior of the empire are slowly moving westward, ‘The Seconda Army, formerly commanded by Generai Lon: dere, the staff of which was dissolved after the peace, Will be reorgan'zed und placed under the orders of Geveral Paputin, who left Warsaw a few days nince to take the commend, aitbough bis appointment has not. yet been oiiicially’ ratified. It consists of three corps—the Fourth (General Viwotof), the Filth (Lieutenant General Bezak), and the 6th (Lieutenant General Stakovitch), of which the Stb is now stationed in Bessarabia (nead- quarters at Odessa), and will act as a corps of observation on the Austrian frontier. It is composed of three divisions of infantry, the 13th (Lieutenant General Wagner), the i4th Mujor Gencral Biclertwot!) and the 15th (Major Genere! wbinskoi), the bth civision of cavalry (Mejor Genera — and tbe 5:h division of artillery (Major Genera! Nemtchinoff), ip a!l tweive regiments of fo9:, six of horge se two dragoons, two Huksars and two Lancers), ant (ten bazterive, beswtes Corracks, dec., or about 60,000 men. Of the First Army, tmder Prince Michael the Ast corps (Lieutenant General Tabivtsoff) is in Poland, the 2d (Genera! Afrossitooff) in Lithuavin, the latter of which will be drawn vear tbe Prussian frontier, and its cantonments occupied by the 84. (General Wrangel). The Guards, under General Pravotip, are at St. Peters burg and Novogorod, and the grenaciers, unter Lioutenant General Ramsay (a native of Froland, but of Sootcn de acent) in the vivinity of Moscow, waence they could be transported bere in a few hours by the railway, and the chief command of there two corps d'elite would then, it is Baid, be entrusted to General Mouravietf, of Kars. ‘The waritke prospects that bave broken in upon ns so ravenous baye been destractive to the schemes of our Minieter of Finance, end poor Mr. Kniajevitch muat feel not a little mortified at the untimely downfall of his pro- jects, which he had mainred with much care, and the suc- cess of which appeared indubitable. I dare say he 13 ready to exclaim, with Mercutio, “A plague on both your bouses;” for neitver the freadship of France nor the gra- ufication of our grudge against Austria is likeiy to aiford us such tangible advantages as would have boen rea'ised by the joan which he had contracted with Thomson, Horan & Co.,and which must now be withdrawn, as it bad been stipulated that the agreement should be can- ceiled in the event of a war. Our merchants and specu- jatore are in & staie of consternativn, which would be still greater Were it uot for the hope Unat Russia will coutrive Ww keep out of the mess—a hope strengthened by the weil knowa pacitic disposition of the Emperor, which bas excesred him to his people. In the jate war Russia was altacked in her bovor and interests by the game insidioas evemy Who now renaces the empire of Austria. Such a struggle is sanctioned by ali the laws, Luroxn aod Divine; but at present, when no one threatens us, perhaps ven Our war party may reilect upon the rainous conse- quences of indulging their bellicose propeasities, and arri xt the conclusion that in certain casesa masterly inactivity ig the best policy. THE WAR IN ITALY, NAPOLEON’S DEPARTURE FROM PARIS. Panis, Tuesday, May 10, 1869. ‘The Emperor took ‘his departure this evening at six o'clock. He arrived at the station of the Lyons Rail escorted by the Cent Gardes. The crowd was immense and the cheering very lively. The whole of the Faubourg ‘St. Antoine was on foot, and the Emperor was cheered along the whole route. Panis, Tuesday, May 10, 1859. The Emperor and Prince Napoleon left Paris to day at six o'clock P, M. An ckormous crowd was collected in the Rue de Rivoli, and his Majesty was cheered eathusiastically. Numerous persons belonging to the court and others on a footing of intimacy with his Majeaty awaited the arri- val of their Imperial $ at the Lyons Railway station. ‘The Empress accompanies the Emperor as far as Moate- reau. Pans, Tuesday, May 10, 11:45 A. M. Rentes commenced at 60f. 760, and are now G0f. 7 ‘The Bourse opens flat. Rentes, 60f. 70c. ood Rentes closed 69f. 80c. for money, and 691. 7c, for account, being a fractional decline since yesterday. THE REGENCY DECREE AND ITS ANNOUNCE- MENT. m the Paris Moniteur, May 10.] Napoleon, by the grace of God and the national will Fmperor of the French, to all present aud future reeting:— SWishitg to give to our beloved wife, the Empress, the marks of nigh confidence we place in her, And considering that it is our intention to assume the commana of the army of Italy, we have resolved to confer, as we confer by these preeenta, upon our well ioved wile, the Emprees, the title of Regent, to exercise the functions of the same during our absence, in conformity with our instructions and our orders, 6ueh as we shall have made known in the general order of the service which wo shall eetabligh, and which shall be ingcribed in the groat book 0 the State, Let it be understood that cognizance shall be given to our uncle, Prince Jerome, to the Presidents of ihe great bodies of tbe State, to the members of our Privy Council, and to the Ministers, of such orders and insteuctions; and that in no case can the Empress deviate from their tenor in the exercise of the functions of Regent. It is our wish that the Empress should preride, in our name, at the Privy Council and at the Council of Minis: ters. However, itis not our intention that the Regent should authorize by her eignature the promulga tion of any senatus contultum, or any law of the Stat other than those which are actually pending before th Senate, the Legislative Body and the Council of State, re ferring ourselves in this respect to the orders and instray tions above mentioned. We charge our Minister of State to give communicatiy of tho present letters peteat to the Sonate, which w have them registered, and to our Keeper of the Sea Minister of Justice, who will have them pabliahed in fh Bulletin des Lois. u Given: at the Palace of the Tuileries, this Sd of May, 18 NAPOLBON, 7. (Countersigned.) ACHILLE FOULD, Alinister of Stat The Moniteur also publishes the following: — Napoleon, by the grace of God and the national Emperor of the Freach, to all who may see theso greeting: — Ox the point of siarting to take commaad of the OFFICIAL BULLETIN. The enemy, to the number of 2,600, after having ocou- pied Biela fora sbort time, has withdrawn. Aas trian recopnoitering parties had advauced ag far as bvren: Dut, seeing the preparations for defence, they withilrew. The command of the troops for the defence of Turia bas been given to General Sonnaz. OFFICIAL BULLETIN. ‘Tur, Tuesday, May 10, 1859. The Austrians withdrew yesterday from Tronzano along the road to Vercelli, to which town they were going with a force of 8,000 men and twenty-aix pieces of artiliery. An ineffectual attempt was made to conatruct a bridge over the Po. Several carts carrying wounded Austrianr have returned to Gravellona, where the enemy continue their defengive works. AUSTRIA. ‘Vmewwa, May 10, 1859, OFPICIAL BULLETIN. The Auetrian army has taken up position between the Po and tne Sesia, to await better weather before re- bewing offensive measures. Our troops have destroyed the railway bridge at Va- lepza. ‘The Count de Chambord has taken his departure for Prague. THE PAPAL STATES. Rome, May 9, 1859. Ancona has been declared in a state of siege. ‘The light in the bghthouse ut the entrance of the harbor has been extinguished, ‘The Pope has protested. Court Buol will bave an interview with the Emporor, and wiil send ao answer to morrow, France considers the state of things at Ancona as a vio- ation of neutrality, and awaits the reply. The French regiments at Romears to be placed on a full war footing. They will be increased by 8,000 men, Rome is tranquil. NEUTRAL STATES. The Belgian Moniteur has the fvilowing:— The government of the Two Sicilies has officially no. tified to the Courts of Europe that it is the wish of his Neapolitan Majesty to preserve a strict neutrality towards all Powers pending the present complications. ‘The same journal has the following :-— Belgiura line achered to the principles laid down in the declaration of the Congress of Puris of the 16th of April, 1856. This a¢hesicr was published conjointly with the decla- ration in the Montteur Belge of the 8th of June, 1806. Comrserce is informed that instructions have’ been ad- dressed on this eubject to the judicial, maritime and mili- tary authorities. Any person subject to tho laws of the kingdoa who shal! attempt privateering, or otherwise act contrary to the duties of neutrality, will expose himeel to the risk, on the one hand, of being treated aa a pirate sbroad, and,’ on the other, wili be provecuted with the full rigor of tno law by the Belgian tribunals. SWITZERLAND. } Brune, Tuesday, May 10, 1859. According to advices from the ftonticrs of Limbardy the ihabitants of the Valtelline aro making great par- chaseé of arms nnd ammunition. A revolution appoars imminent. The Austriane.are making beavy demaods. General Gialdini has captured both cattle and forage be- longing to the Austrians, TUSCANY. : Fronunce, May 10, 1859 The new Ministry, has been formed. The following are its raembers:— M. Buoncomppagat. President of the Council end Minister for Foreign Affzirs; Baron Ricasolt, Winister of the Intarior; Marquis Ridolfl, Minister for Public Instruction; Coancitlor Pose! Minieter of Justice; M. Busacca, Finance Minister; and M. Caminatti, a Pieamontese Colonel, War Minieter. A Jetter from Vienna in the Weter Gazette annsunces that the Grand Duke of Tuscany, who is Colonel of the 8th Austrian dragoons, will join his regiment and take active service, ATTITUDE OF BELGIUM. The Belgian Monweur publishes the following note in ite ofticial part:— Belgium bas adhered to the principles Isid down in the Geclaration of the Paris Congress of April 16, 1856. This adhesion was published, conjointly with the declaration of the Belgian Moniteur of June 8, 1856. Tho mercantile community are informed that fustructions have been ad- dressed on this subject to the judiciol, maritime and mili- tary authorities. Every person subject to the laws of the kingdom, who eball take part in privateering, or in acte contary to the duties of neutrality,’ will expose himseli on the one side to be treated as a pirate abrea?, and on the other to be prosecuted with the utmost rigur before the Belgian tribunals. THE SEAT OF WAR. A BATTLE EXPECTED AT MARENGO. [Paris (May 9) correspouuence of London Times.} ‘The inaction of the Augtriaus naz surprised every one after their peremptory sum cous io Piedmont. A Freach General writes thet they soe i have recklessly throwa away all their advanlegos. They were first on the grouad, before the French bad yet moved to the support of their allies, and to make that support efficient troops have had to be sent in bot baste from every available quarter, The priority in time, of which they donot seem to have made much uge, is more than counterbalanced by the rapidity with which the Freach are swarming to the theatre of war. ‘The artificial inundatious they must, from their knowledgo of the country, have been prepared for, and the {loois caured by the beavy rains, as well as ail other accideats of the seagons, ought to enter iato the calcnlations of the commander of an army which is about to manwuvre againstan cnemy. So strange is this inertness, even to novices in warlike operations, a8 to give rise to the sus picion that the apparently retrograde movements, 2s mentioned inthe Moniteur, cover some deep strategic plans slowly developed, and which are not obvious wo people at such a distance as we are from the scene of operations. Ihave heard military men express their astonishment— the same who believed that the Austrians bad, by their being first on the field, the opportunity of attacking the Piedmontese before their auxiliaries came up, beating them, and then, taking up a strong position, awaiting the French. The oificial bulletins from Turin of the 8th in. form us thas the Austrians have advanced from Veroell! on Buronzo and Saluzzola, and that they continue to for. tity themselves on both bauks of the Sesia and at Sac Germano; that ® reconnaissance was carried oa on the tite du. of Casale, where they were attacked by the Piedmontese, and retired. Private accounts of the 7th from the seat of war state that the Austrians, finding the banks of the Po too: for their operations, have recroesod the river, and are moving on Turin. "They add that the French gener earnestly desire to see them advance on that that cage they express their contidence that armies will give a good account of them. private despatch seems to corroporat> gr” ® the infofthation allowed to tray: | kind when there is any inforra” at an opinion on what passes J*0? ' Ticivo or the Po. The tollowing letter, « npt been received in Pariz All the troops of th ceed to the cantor’ Guard alone rem + PRICE TWO CENTS. i epeeeea? i 2 Hy iS ii : wae iy 22 FEES Hig 4 E SES li Hit —_——$—$—$— apse 4 & THE LATE ENGAGEMENTS. ‘The King of Sardinia has issued the foliowing the day, dated from bis headquarters at On the 34 and 4th the enemy attempted to pass the Po, opposite Frassinetio and Vaieuza, The of Seventeenth regiment, the Eighth battalion of lier! the First, Seventeenth and Fizbteenth batteries, entrusted with the defence of that |, Stood the enemy’s fire order 5 DELLA Lieutenant General, Chief of the Staff The Piedmontese Gazette publishes a short account of the cannovade of Valenza, on the 4th, stating the number of wounded at 10, besides Captain Roberti and one man killed. ‘The latter, a corpora! of (or riflemen), named Albini, being mortally wounded, nevertheless crawled to a hillock in order to have one sot more at the enemy. The operations of the enemy near Frassinetto are off. cially described as follows:— After some insignificant encounters of cavalry d the firet daye of the war, and in which our troops the enemy’s march, webave now to mention facie of greater importance. On the 3d of May, about ti minutes past four P.M., the enemy ia able force reconnoitered the left bank of the opposite Fragsinetto, with an attempt to cross to the right bank. The ‘e-s yw - were drawn the 433 FES Seventeent of that bore the euemy’s fire with intrepidity. Major Chevaiter Ciaidint hearing the caanonade, hastened i g BA A Casale with the Fifteenth regiment of infantry, rons of the Monferrato light cavalry and ths’ Third. field battery to the assistance of the troops, in order to drive the enemy back from the river, had he succeeded in cross- ing; but before bie arrival there, after nigatfall, the ene- nounced his project and again retired about 8 A.M, The recopnalssauces made by the troops of Casale after the engagerient showed that the enethy had abandoned Bal- zola, and suvsequentiy Terranova and Villanova. We bave to deplore the toss of six killed and tweaty.seven wounded, all privates and non-commissioned officers. THE AUSTRIAN GENERALS. ‘The Paris Siécle gives, from the pen of M. Louis Jour- dain, an account of the Austrian generals ander whose di- rection tbe campaign in Piedmont has been opened: The name ef General Gyulai, says the writer, has al- ready reverberated: through France. We have’ seen it figuring at the end of @ very bellicoge order of the day, which was ina manver the preface of the Austrian aulti- matom. General Gyulal, now toe actual Governor of the Austro-It«lian provinces, and commander-in-chief of the troops in ail Lombardo-Veuetia, was, in 1843, a simple ge- neral of brigade. He fought under the orders of Radet- aky, specially at Castozz4, on the 25th of July; and ualess he bas forgotten the particulars of that paule he should cherish some respect fof the Piedmontese troops. Custozza in the name of one of the villages included in the lite which was occupied by the Sar- dinjan army. 55,000 Austrians, commended by Radetaky, aseailed four Piedmontiae brigndes, the collective strengita of which was 20,000 men. Quo of these brigades waa commanded by the Duke of Genoa. The fight lasted from. eight o'clock in the morning till four in the afternoon. ‘The Piedmontese performed prodigies of bravery; they defended step by step all their positions, and retired facing the enemy, whom they never allowed for a single instant to break their ranks. One understands how King Vietor Emanuel, in his {recent proclataation to the army, recatled with pride this glorious retreat. Gen. Gyu'aicom- manded on that day one of the Austrian brigades; he knows, consequently, what the Sardmian soidiers ara — }, and he is about to lvarn the quality of the soldiers. of France. The writer next introduces General Hebsl :—His rank in 1948 was colonel, After than ‘Hees isthe next individuality. If we are to credit the latest Italian letters, it is General Baron de Hess who has incurred disgrace by a blamed the offen- sive movement across the Ticino. He took part in th campaign of 1848, in quality of chéf d’état major of Mar- shal Radetsky. Vast. military talents were ascribed to pe tua ‘He had not then attained the height of putation. General Benedick, the historian of the Siécle says— joyaa Teputation almost equal to that of bis celebrated , Gen. Haynau, the woman-flogger. AUSTRIAN VESSELS IN SARDINIAN PORTS. ‘The following 's the article of the Piedmontese Gazette, making public the decision of the government relative to Austrian vestels in Sardinian poris:— Bis Majesty's government would have willingly, di the present war, oroclaiued thone liberal, principe’. soon o Which tbe meroanule vesse's of the enemy are allowed a cer. tain tpace of time to leave the ports of the Stste without moies- tation. The government has bea unable to do av, because the territory of the state is invaded by @ poweriul army, which oppresses the occupied provinces with acta of violence of eve- ry deecription~ thus disobeying both the rules of the law of nations end humanity, nized in our present state Of civilization Orders have therefore been given 10 Isy an embargo on the Austrian veaaels lying in the ports of the State. This measure of precaution and security was im- pericusiy called or by circumstances. 4nd the by ‘altho tncrmous rey isidons abd extortions of all Kiade practised the enemy on our territory, to the injury of the unarmed popu- lation, juaify even now an order of capture of the said ves- sels, neveriheleas {be government sill veserves ita decision in Ghat respect Meanwhlie ihe government Basten to uotity to all whorn it may coneern that the property of neutrala Ghat tay wall be tmimediately restored. to be on board the sequestered veseels their owners, conformably to the declarations in favor of neu- owers at Congress of Paria trais signed by the high ieee. ios cf eons rincipiescae Datura ly oaly be shall serupuiously ob- ‘he pplication of su: invoked in the case of such vessels as gerve strict neutrality. Tbe diferent determination come to by France and Piedmont in their manner of treating Austrian vessele in consequeuce of the declaration of war, draws fram the Constitutionnel the following defence of the course. re- solved on by Piedmont:— ‘The French government hee. to Austrian worvoant xeeata tow ia French pag diag of weeks tormnen Ausiria 0: fo goto es - men ob ££: