The New York Herald Newspaper, April 12, 1859, Page 4

2 THE MAILS OF THE CANADA. Preparations for the Peace Con- gress in Europe. Doubts as to the Effects of Diplomacy in Allaying the Excitement, fardinia’s Efforts for Admission to the Conference. Position of Prussia—Her Army—Its Re- cruitment and Present Force. The Empress Eugenie About to Revolu- tionize the Fashions of Dress. OUR PARIS AND BERLIN CORRESPONDENCE, éc, &e., &o. - ‘Thc mails of the Canada reached this city from Boston, a little after midnight yesterday morning. ‘The dates are Paris the 25th, and London the 26th of March. We publish today some very interesting letters from eur correspondents in Paris and Berlin, with important wwanslations from Le Nord, of Brussels. Wewill be geen that the writers entertain the opinion ‘that the diplomacy exercised in the proposed Peace Con- grees, wi!l not effect anything like a permanent settlement of the reat agitation existing on the subject of the Aus- ‘wian and Papal rule in Italy. . ‘Me most accurate statistics of the present strength of {he Prussian army are given. Our Paris Correspondence. 3 Pans, March 24, 1859. The Peoce Congress and its Hopes and Danger:—Policy of France and Austria—Austria Still Worships her Trea- Bes—Pcople Don't Believe in Diplomacy, and Napoleon Wishes a Show of Justification—The Imperial Guard, fhe Imperial Corporal, and Imperial Reminiscences— Grand Musical Festival—Private Masked Balls Before dant, &c., be. Your Boropean correspondence is so heavily laden with swarlike portents, with ingenious reasons pro and con res- pecting @ general conflagration, and innumerable on dits @f diplomatic doings, that there is some danger of the pablic mind being used up before the curtain fairly rises om the grand catastrophe. If there be any truth in the ld adage, ‘expect the unexpected,” the expectations ‘which one and all of us have done our best to excite should cotlapec and leave the air still and calm asa sum- mer’s eve; and if any faith isto be placed in the signs veuchsafed from on high, all this noise in the smithies, aB this ringing and hammering of forges, this bustle amorg the chipwrichts and experiments on the long wapge are to be solved inacharming rejour at Aix-la- Chapelle, where the representatives of France, England Bogsia, Austria and Prussia are to hob and nob the world, dwto the moet blissful tranquillity. The Moniteur, this very morning, announces that Lon- @on and Berlin have given in their adherence, and as Wrance has already done so, and Russia proposes the fing, why Austria, willy nilly, must perforce send in Bers. Truc it is that something is said about this Inst Power proving contumacious, but in these days of politi- tal diplomacy one Power does not openly hold the rest at @efiance in this fashion. Austria, after a modest coyness, will finally s2y “ Yes,” and then, according to some peo- Pie, we shall immediately have the most charming illus- twation of one of those classical quotations which our maonkish foretathers, in the Eton Latin Grammar provided fer the special edification of all time, to wit:—Amantium fra amoris redintegratio est. The came authority, Lowever, has called out a Hora- Man mot, namely:—Credat Jud@ar—which I find many persons, who have excellent’ means of judging, are ready te exclaim, whenever the promises of cooing doves mect Meir ears. ‘That quarrels, misuoderstandings, differences of opin- jon, or whatever epithet may be applied to the natural ‘gvoee grain of our nature, can be made up, and society present the same unruffied front as before, the experi- eace of our married life convinces us. The profound con- ‘Vietion that a heated state of the atmosphere is danger- us to the well being of both parties; that each must lose by it, while by a free current of wholesome breathing air Doth must be benefitted, serves im this instance to eftect the reconciliation better than the most convincing logic ‘or any innate sense of justice, Thus it may prove with France and Austria, and would doubtless do 89 were they Mike husband and wife, convinced that any victory over ‘the one would only be to the detriment of both. Bat I ‘am afraid neither one or the other are convinced of any. ‘ing of the kind, All the arguments which apply to the peaceful character of Austria presume a gtate of conces, sion alike fatal to her power in Italy and humiliating to her as regards France; while whatever may be said of France in the same view, presupposes an honesty of pur- , & straightforwardness, aN unambitious policy, a Freedom froin past memories which no one who has conned and noted the events of the last six years will be di to give her credit for. It is said, indeed, that France retire from demands in the face of Europe which shé have insisted on had she to do with Austria alone, and that Austria may yield gracefully to the great Powers ‘what it would have been a dishonor to give up at the dic- tation of France. But Austria cannot admit any infraction of the treaties of 1815, and to pass the sword of Brennus through these we have the highest authority for knowing is the Imperial policy of France, for the enemy of Austria “path written a book.” ‘he whole offair of the a, ching Congress is pretly ge- merally spoken of with a smile. The Emperor, it is said, is willing to show Europe how anxioas he is to exhauat all ‘Mhe recources of conciliation ere he fliogs away the scab- Dard; and Russia, who knows 80 well his Majesty's for Dearing disposition, and who has before now flang her protecting wegis over Austria in her difficulties, is only too desirous of seconding his Majesty's most Christian temper. Meantime, that Napoleon the Fourth may commence ‘the education which is to make the laurels of the mighty eaptain, his illustrious ancestor, ait gracefully on h's brow, on Sunday Jast he was duly initiated as a member of the Jenperial Guard. Twenty-#ix battalions, twenty-four equa- rons, twelve batteries of artitlery, two companies of en gmeers and « squadron of the mulitary train, making in all 25,000 men, poured in from St. Germains, Veraailie?, Fontaineblea, Meaux and Compiegue to do honor to the ‘eocasion on the Champ de Mars, where, beneath a gum. mer sun, and in the presence of balf Paris assembled ‘witness, the Emperor, surrounded by a gulaxy of marshals and generals, of division, and accompanied by the Em- ess, the Princes Jerome and Napoleon, reviewed them. Bie petit corporal””—the infant Prince Imperial—wore the uniform of a grenadier of the , with the corpo- val’s siripes on bi ulder, and sat beaide his imperial mamma, looking as valiant as the Grand Monarque at aa ‘age very similar did before him. They were a very select body of troops, and the warlike state of the barometer Tendered their agsem)lage on the Champ de Mars an event of considerable interest juat now. It was an- Beipated that some diversity of feeling would be displayed by the populace, although I con- fees Iwas not among those who expected anything of the kind. Great, indeed, must be the exciting cause when ‘the weil dressed Parisians utter discordant sounds in the face of the adored soldat; and whatever may be said of the present commercial spirit of France and its pacific in- elinations, the old coachman still likes tne crack of tho ‘whip, and the very sight of the pride, and circumstance and panoply of war is always qnite enough to rouse memorice veleris vetivia flamma eutficient Ww elicit cries of welcome. Accordingly tbe sounds of * Vine V Empereur,” Vive V Emperatrice,” © U Prince Imperial,” and oc- casionally a virat from L’Nalic, were echoed and re. echoed witb great enthusiasm. ‘There is to be another review on a grander scale on ‘Sanday next. Nothing, in fact, is abated in the way of warlike pre- parations. The government, indeed, only seems to an- ‘The admonition of the Siécle is as follows:—“we en- tertain the firm hope that a perspective of negotiations ‘will neither check the vigilance nor efforts of France. We must prepare ourselves more than ever for war, since it can igsue, quite as well ag }, from the deliberations of ‘aCongress. Weare on the eve of one of those solema aye which only appear at distant intervals in the exis- ‘Vence of nations. On our firmness, on our attitude, de- ends the future of Burope.’” We have had « great musical festival at the Palais de Findustrie. It consisted of several chorusses sung by as maby 28 6,000 orpheonists, and the two repre- sentations were so popular that at the instance of the Emperor a third was given for the benefit of the Paris poor. The great novelty was the combination of such an army of human voices. "The effect of this was, as it could not fail to be, thrilling and inspiring toa degree; but the ‘Duilding, admirable as it is in point of space, is cortainly mot well adapted for musical celebrations’ ‘Even witw thousand voices there is not that vibration, that gra- Lexpansicn and subsidence of sound which (s 80 nesca. to the perfect satisfaction of the ear; and though re, the execution was excellent, there was a sense oon, In fact, the effect would have been greater in no building at all, in mid air, unimpeted by roof or corridors of marbie. It is one of the most features of the working life of Paris, that disposi amusement in choral harmony out of doors, In the Bois de Boulogne sometimes, on fete days, the air fs resonant with joyous melody of this sort, where, por- bape, a hundred voices will accidentally gather together combine in singing. The effect is inexpresaih) ebarming in itself, and imparts to the mind that delight. fal sense of unity 80 foreign to the general discord. What, ‘then, would be the effect of six thousand voices echoing ‘Marough the tall trees and sweepiug over the glassy lake? ‘The private bails, with masks, before Lent, were no more than usually popular till recently; ‘but now every bouse of any notoriety and fashion threatens te give ene. In the mist of prayers and penitence one NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, | seems hears of preparations for the costume. Every one wild pon the subject, The Americans, who are beginning to return from Rome, Nice and other placee, enter into the spirit of these amusements with wonderful zeal, and the gaiety and aplomd they bring to such reunions are a Tea! acquisition. Pars, March 21, 1859. War and an Enfeeblod Aristocracy—Fine Weather— Musi” cal Festivitiese—Début of an American Prima Donna— Eugenie to Lead a Tremendous Revolutvon in Ladies’ Dress Fashions. War, war—nothing but war talked of in all classes; bu- siness bad, and discontent penetyating everywhere, and sounding like the grumbling of a coming thunder storm; and come it must, for bodies politic are like bodies human, and must have their revolutions, their remedies, their re- establishment. These are natural laws; nothing can exist forever on this terrestrial globe, and it looks as thouzh the empire was rather indisposed, and needed a popular physician, i The whole aristocracy of Europe is rotten to the founda- tion, and its pulses are feeble, while the pulae of the mass is strong and healthy. Few strangers are here, and Paris cannot be called gay this winter, The weather has been beautiful, and the trees are bud- jDg rapidly around the Tuileries, and the birds have prog- nosticated spring by their return from the eoutb. Nothing new in the musical world, except the revival of “Doh Giovanni” at the Italiens after some years silence. Five nights out of seven last week the theatre was full from top to bottom, and many turned disappointedly away. The engagements of Mario in England and Zucchi- nj at Vienna prevent its being continued. It was sung by Mesdames Frezzolini, Persiani and Guerrabella. The trio of the “Three Masques,” by Frezzolini, Gurrabella and the tenor Galvani, obtained every night the most rapturous applause. Tine most interesting feature was the début of the beau- tiful American prima donna, La Guerrabelia, who, although a débutante, to the surprise of every one, treads the boards like an old actress. With a face and form of classical symetry, she savg with great distinctness and traditional accuracy that most ungrateful and diflicult rdle of Donna Eliza, and we agree with our confrére, Galignant, that «she will be a valuable acquisition to any lyric theatre.”” We hope soon to see her ina cbaracter better adapted to her great ability and highly finished style. Persiani still showed the great artiste che has been, as did also Frez- volivi, and Tucchini was the prince of buffos. Mario looked well, but, like La Guerrabella, was misplaced in the opera. The Italian Opera is fast loging ground from great misma- agement. I must not forget to mention the festival of the Orphe- onisis of France, at the Palais de l’industrie—6,000 sing- ers at ones, without instruments—which went off with much eclat. My lady friend has not yet given me the fashions for this'steamer. An entire revolution is preparing, headed by the Empress, which will be the curiosity of my next, Our Berlin Correspondence. Bru, March 23, 1859. The Peace Congress Likely to Meet im this City—Russia Sheathes the Swords of Europe for a Moment—Joy of the Prussian People at the Chance of Peace—Disastrous Effects of a War om her Interesti—Her Army Recruit. ment System—Establishment and Objects of the Land. wehr—Divisions and Tal Strength of the Standing Army. For the moment everything looks quite peaceful again. Russia has proposed a Congress of the great Eu- ropean Powers to meet in this city, as on neutral gronnd, for the purpose of settling the Italian question, France, in accordance with whose wishes this proposal was proba- bly made, has given her consent, and Austria, after con- siderable hesitation, has yielded to necessity, and ultimate. ly signified her acquiescence. Of course it remains very doubtful whether the Congress will lead to an agreement between the contending parties; their antagonism is too decided, and their political views and interests differ too widely to render it an easy task; but at any rate the danger of immediate hostilities seems to be averted; diplomacy has stepped in between the combatants and arrested the swords that were about to leap from their scabbards, and whatever turn events may finally take, Kurope has at least obtained a respite, during which she can fetch breath and recover a little from the terrors that have be- set her ever since the memorable lst of January. Here in Prussia, especially, tne prospect of a peaceful solution has been eagerly welcomed, the public having been alarmed for some time previous by reports that the army, or at least a part of it, was to be placed on the war footing, which had diffused universal consternation, The organization of the Prussian army is such that no- where in the world would a war have Fo disastrous an effect upon the comfort and the very existence of the whole population as in this country, as will be readily perceived from a sketch of the military system established, which, I believe, is not generally known in America, By law every man who has attained the age of twenty is obliged to serve jn the regular army for three years, no substitute being allowed, and no excuse admitted ehort of physical incapacity. Young mea of good education, however, may apply to enter as “volun. teers,’ when, if they pass their examination in the various branches of service required, they have only to ferve one year, receiving no pay, and fndiug their owa uniform and accoutrements, After the expiration of their term of service in the standing army, they are transferred to the Landwehr—which resembles the regulars in every respect except that it is not continually under arms—and where they must serve in the First Ban (Aufgelot) tll they complete their thirty-second ycar, From that ageto thirty nine they are enrolled in the Second Ban, originally intended for garrison duty, but which may be called ia cases of neceaeity to reinforce the standing army. Every regiment of the line, infantry and cavalry, has a regiment of Landwehr aitached to it, being the same number and uniform, with the exception of some trifling distinctions. They are officered the same as the line, but are only called out once a year, or sometimes every two years, for field days, manceavres and reviews, when they receive their arms and accoutrements from the govern- ment arsenals and clothing depots established in all the provinces of the monarchy for the use of the laudwehr. After the reviews are over they return their arms, &o, to these magazines, and are permitted to resume their usual avocations, but remain embodied as the Firet Ban of the Landwebr, and are liable to be called out whenever an order ig issued to put the army on a war footing, or what is now termed “ Kingsbeuitschaft,” and while the regu- lag are marched off to meet the enemy they remain under arms asareserve. The First Ban of the Landwehr is composed of twelve battalions of guards, ninety-six bat- tallions of infantry, and one bundred and forty-four Squadrons of cavalry, besides artillery. Its total strength on the war establisment is stated at 174,626 men. In peace only the gkeletons of the battalions and squadrona are maiutained—numbering four thousand one bundred and twenty-three men, and three hundred and forty-eight horses, That of the Second Ban, at 175,196 men. — These figures were given in 1853 and 1854, but have not altered materially since. The Landwebr was instituted in 1813, and was then only intended to serve for the defence of the country against foreign invasion, as the name implies. At that period the whole nation was fired with enthusiasm, and ail classes vied with cach other in their efforts to throw off the in- tolerable yoke of the First Napoleon, which had weighed 80 heavily upon Prussia and Germany ever since the bat. tle of Jena. Now, however, things are very much alter- ed; all the relations of social life have undergone great changes in the last forty years, and the landwebr by ged which was originally quite popular, has long been felt as @ grievance that cailed imperatively for relief. The pri- ‘vates, as well as many of the oilicers, belong to the va- rious trades and professions; the latter are lawyers, phy- sicians, merchante—the former mechanics, handi- craftemen, farmers, &c. About two-thirds of toeir num- ber are married, most of them having families, and if summoned to arms the question arises, who is to maintain their wives and children when the husbands and fathers are abgent and no longer able to provide for their sub- sistence? All the business of the gJministration would be at a etand etill, trade would be lyzed, the flelds would be left untilled, and everything be involved in utter con- fusion. There is already a feeling of dissatisfaction visi- bie in the men belonging to the landwehr when called out for fleld days and manmuvres, which only take them a few weeks; they complain that they are obliged to neglect their business, have to march and bivousc like regular soldiers. by which many have seriously injured their healths, and in some instances have young officers sent to command them, who, being noblemen by birth, think themscives far above are often men of edu to those sprigs of no- the privates, although the latter tion, and superior in every ri bility. That the service is disliked by the present genc- ration is evident from the numerous desertions that are constantly taking place. From a single district—Stral- sund, for Eno ger landwe men, belonging both to the infantry and cavalry, whose term of servi- tude had not yet expired, were Jcoounced the other day in the newepapers for having quitted the country without leave, and threatened with the penalties of the law if they kept away. Ihave heard young men engaged in mercantile pursuits declare that if they should called out they wore determined to emigrate to America, a6 all their would be blighted by such an interruption fh career, and it would be difficult, if not impossible, for them to resume it on their return from service. ‘worst is, that this system, #0 onerous to the population, does not even secure Prussia the advantage of an efficient military . Instead of soldiership betog a regular profession, like in other countries, it is a moro state of transition, to which every one is subject, but from which every one is anxious to escape as soon a8 he possibly can; and in case of a war this Prussian army ‘would be composed either of raw recruits or of persons who, in the pacific pursuits of ordinary life, have lon, forgotten the little they knew of the military art, an would be ill fitted to cope with the trained veterans of France or Austria. The dopots in their military system have not invoked the observation of the Prussian authori- ties, and may have contributed tothe pacific attitude which this country has maintained during some of the most important crises of its recent history, but as yet no decisive steps have been taken towards {ts reorganization. Fome partial reforms, indeed, Bave pao oftooted under 1 aurpices of the Prince Regent, by Present Minister of War, but these are only paillatives that do not sirike at the root of the evil, The Pruptian standing army coneiets of the Guards, sta- tioned at Berlin, Potsdam and Charlottenburg, and of eight Corps, corresponding with the eight provinces of tbe Kingdom, the commanding chief citles of the provinces, Frankfort, Magdeburg, Posen, Jentz. Every corps forms two divisions, each division two brigades of infantry and one of cavi with one regi- ment of artillery, a division of sappers and miner#, and a Dattalion of rities, together with some reserves. The nu- of which reside in the viz.: Konigaberg, Stettia, |, Munster and Cob- merical strength Of a corps is 23,000 infantry, in 25 batta- Liens; 4,800 cavalry, in 32 squadrons; 11 batteries, with 88 pieces of cannon, and and 6 squadrons re- serve. The whole regular army amounts to 225,000 moa on the war footing, or 127,443, with 30,545 horses, on the poe Cerrepies A ee: the ary force, including wel 5 men (on paper), a reserve remaining in case of ped rtaaled at about 150,000 men. Finally, there is a landsturm, or arriére bon, which is only tobe called out in the utmost extremity, and in which every Prussian from forty to sixty may be required toserve, To the best of my know- ledge and belief, however, this institution exists but in theory, and pas never been reduced to practice. Russia's Reasons for Diplomatic Interference rrespondenns of Paris (March 22) cor lence f : 2 the New Yor« Herap. } A note of the Moniteur of this day informs us of the in- tervention of Russia on the subject of the affairs of Italy. It is certainly a most important event; it throws a new light on the intentions and attitude of that Power, whose apparent inactivity had given rise to int tations of & very malevolent nature. Those who were her friends re- gretted that silence, in which they saw a resolution to ab- stain from all interference in European affairs whero her interests were not directly at stake; others profited by it, to insinuate all gorts of evil intentions and diabolical pro- jects, got up in silence. Asif a uation like Russia could Tenounce the influence which is foroibly given her by her geographic position, her history, her relations, her imiport- ance, and her /6le as a great Power; as if her action could be jess real, less useful, or less great than it is now, be- cause it is with less noise and is more conformable with her real interea's. It is but just to say, to the praise of her sovereign and her statesmen, that Russia has been recalied to her national policy, which, every time ithas teen exercised, freed from every ‘pre-occupation, has been in conformity with .the great interests of humanity. It could not be otherwise with a nation of fifty-two millions of men, having the same wants, the same ideas, speeking the same language, and feeling in the same way. Tho in- terests of a uation like thie, when understood, could not but conciliate with those of other people. [his the Em- peror Alexander has well understood, and bis Minis- ter of Foreign Affairs has shown more than once. The military qualities of the Russian nation have been manifest ed by @ beroiam that all Europe admired; her disiaterest- edness bas given us peace; her sspirations for civilization sbow themselves by her immense enterprises of railroads, and by her proper emancipation and reforms of every nature, While suspected of fll (eeling, she svows her: self using ber intluence in favor of the united voice of the Moldo-Wallachian populations, and to-day in the interest of ace and conciliation. Such are the reflections that we ear araund vs, and we believe them to be just. It would be wrong to suppose that Russia has taken Unis step wita- out having first consulted and being in accord with Eng- Jand and Prussia. England and Prussia have sent their adhesion to the reunion of a Congress. The Moniteur was right in saving tha. the Emperor never occupied himse!f oa the [talon question without being first in accord with his it 1am well intormed it was only Inst night that the propo- tition of a Congress, made by Connt Kisselef!, was cepted by the French government, which, after having arranged with Lord Cowiey, was announced by the Moniteur of this morning. It i# certain that England and Pruseia have adhered to the reunion of the Congress; but J am not sure that Austria bas as yet done it oflicially. Piedmont, which is the party immediately interested in the result, but not one of the great Powers, does not appear to have been called upon to figure in the Congress: in fact there is sufficient reason; for, as the question concerns all Italy, Sardinia could not be calied on alone, or each of the other Italian Statea might claim a right to be represented. The great question here to be resolved is the tranquillity of Italy'and the peace of Enrope, and uot the views of increasing one or the other Power. As to the town where the reunion will take place, it is not yet decided. Brussels, Frankfort aud Genevaare men- tioned; and it js probable that the five great Powers will decide on the latter, inasmuch ag it is placed on the bor- ders of the three States who are exposed toa war, inde- pendently of its essential character of neutrality. It is pretended that the Congress will not agsemble before the month of July, and that the reunions will last four months. Will nothing arise in Italy before that time te prevent its taking place? It would be difficult to answer for that, in presence of the actual situation. We learn that one of the conditions of adhesion on the part cf Austria is that Piedmont should not be of the party. * The Gazette de St. Petersburg (Russian) has opened her columns to the ailuirs of the island of Cuba, and proves “that the porsession of that coloay is indispensable to the fecurity of the United States.”” For the moment it ad- vires that the great American republic should extend its influence in the igland in dispute, by the force alone of civilization and its commercial relations, which have been until now the best and surest auxilisries to the United States in its conquests. ; The Wer Question tn Prussia. [Berlin (March 21) correspondence of Le Nord, translated for the Naw York Heratp. } During two days the situation assumes @ more agreea- dle aepect. While the events appear, to the public eye, to have stopped in their course, they’advance rapidly in the secrecy of the chancelleries, and by means of the telegraph they develope themeeives with a rapidity that it is impossible for us to follow in our daily correspon- dence, We shall have. at last, a Congress whose task it will be to bring about an arrangement between the parties that disagree. If the radical solution of the Italian ques- tion ie impossible, at all events it will be the means of calming the impatience on one side by concessions more or less satisfactory, and of bending the obstinate resist- ance of others which would inevitably bring on an ex- plosion, In policy, it isa great point to gain time. To disarm parties who are ready for the attack—to oblige them to come forward and plead their cause before a court of arbitration, is to assure the maintenance of peace and the triumph of the great principles of humanity and civilization, which ought to be the supreme law of the prevent epoch. ' The reunion of the Congress will also put an end, it is to be hoped, to that show of military preparations and that intenee agitation which have been produced in our peace- ful Germany. We have another question before us, which is far more important for us than the Italian Duchies—that is, the German Ducbies on the Elbe; which is really a true German and national question. It touches not only the rights and integrity of Germany, but also its honor and authority. In question no German State can possibiy, ‘on the plea of neutrality, abstain from joining the others. Prussia will not fail in what is her duty. We shall seo if Austria is really as much German as she has of late pre- tended to be. To return to the question of the Congress: it appears in the political regions that Austria has con- sented to the reunion of the Congress, and to the discus- sion of her particular treaties. Engaged within certain limits on diplomatic grounds, the Italian question would have some difficulty to quict it; and that is for us a certain guarantee of success. The Parts Press on the Monroe Doctrine. The Cunstitutionnel of the 11th ultimo takes occasion, in referring to the last Presidential message, to insinuate thatthe Monroe doctri: is little to be feared, since it is difficult for the President to obtain from Congress even the means of defending the honor of the United States road and their national interests. After stating that the ate refused to grant an increase of the to act st the Mormons, and that it required five years to or- ganize an expedition against Paraguay, where the Ameri- can flag had been insulted, our Frenc hee Te. marke that France and England havo ly obtained reparation from Mexico, while the great American re- public has not as yet been able to obtain justice for its Citizens who were outraged there. Is it not bi says the Constitutionnel, for that proud A baughtily offer to buy Cuba, to see by Spain hereelf in 8 power so feeble ? ‘@ are right, then, in saying that the Monroe doctrine, which promises the whole American continent to the citi- zens of the republic, is not eo terrible as it has been repre- sented. It is difficult to perceive how the United States can apply it, notwithstanding their avowed tendencics. It is not to be presumed that they want to alter their con- stitution, in order to invest the President with the power of making war. Nor will Congress, contrary to its tradi- tional distrust, be willing to grant to the President an in- crease of the federal forces, and the authority to use them abroad, If neither of these things can be done, we do not perceive how the republic can think of putting into lice the Monroe doctrine, unless it be by the aid of the almighty dollar and the chivalry of the filibusters. enstpeeeyeeneeainee American Bible Society. The stated meeting of the managers was held at the Bible House, Astor place, on Thursday, the 7th inst., at half-past four o’clock P. M.—Hon. Luther Bradish in the chair, assisted by Wm. B. Crosby, Benjamin L. Swan, Francis Hall and Peletiah Perit, Eequires, Vice Presidents. ‘Tne Scriptures were read and prayer offered by Right Rev. Dr. Lee, of Delaware. Seventeen new auxiliaries were three in Obio, seven in Missouri, one in Nebraska, t Tonnes. see, two in Kansas, one in Iilinois, and one in Vermont. Communications were presented from agents, showing the progress of the work at home in distributing the Holy ‘and aoe Seriptures, ularly in California, Oregon from Rev, De. Worcester, Cherokes Nation, serious illness, referring ‘also to the completion Cherokee Testament, now nearly finished, Jong been engaged in Vibe ne | for the Dr. hope is, Leese i with much feeling receipt 000, granted from this society for printing Scriptures in France; from Rev. Taanc Gy Biles, in to em ying colportenrs in Turkey ana Bal ; E. Doty, Amoy, remitting funds received at his mis- sion for publishing the Scriptures; from Rev. J. G. Oncken, Germany, further aid for distri- that county) from Rev. Wheelock, sending doliers from Indians of Choctaw Nation towards the Bible cauro; from Rev. E. Dodd, Smyrna, asking ald to open a Bible depository in that city; Rev. A. J. D. , Madeira, asking a grant of books for that island; from Mr. P. R. Hunt, Madras, Holy clety for supply of emigrants to Pik rection . Campbell, the society's agent to the American Sunday School Union; German Bibles and Testaments to the Methodist ‘Concern, Cincinnat!; French Bibles for Point A Pitre, W. 1; and forty-two yoinmes for the blind. Altogettier 10,280 volumes, in Gifferent languages, were granted, and $100 in funds, to establish a depository at Smyrna. Enoch L. ir, Eaq., Was elected a manager in place of Mr. Perit, recently made Vice President of this Society. Among the interesting incidents of this meeting was the esentation of the portrait of the late yenerable Dr. Jas. fiInor, from his estimable widow, and an excellent pho- tographioc likeness of Hon. Wm, Jay, late a vice presi- dent, from hie son, Jobn Jay, Esq. At this meeting the last report of the society's year was presented, which was highly satisfactory, and, indeed, unexpectedly encouraging. a ee |. be issued on the 10th APRIL 12, 1859.—-TRIPLE SHEET. IMPORTANT MANIFESTO. RELIGIOUS TRAINIHG OF AMERICAN YOUTH, Social, Educational, Benevolent and Relt- gious Institutions of the United States, from a Catholic Point of View—Letter from the Archbishop of Cinciunatl, and Petition of the Archbishop of New York. PASTORAL LETTER ON THE DECREES OF THE SECOND PROVINCIAL COUNCIL OF CINCINNATI, BY THE MOST REV. J. B, PURCELL, D.D., ARCHBISHOP OF CIN- CINNATI. JOHN BAPTIST, BY THR GRACE OF GOD AND FAVOR OF THE APOSIOLIC SEE, ARCHBISHOP OF CINCINNATI, TO THE CLERGY AND LAITY OF OUR DIOCESE, GRACK, HEALTH AND PRACK FROM ‘HE FATUER, AND THE SON AND THE HOLY GHOST, AMEN. VSNERABLE MRETHREN OF THE CLERGY, AND BRLOVED CUIL- DREN OY THE LAITY :— Our present most gracious Father in God, Pius the Ninth, the Vicar of our Lord Jesus Christ in the govern- ment of the Universal church, having ordered a decree to of last’ November, approbatory of the acts and decrees of the Second Provincia! Council of Cincinnati, which had been previously submitted to the examination and judgment of the Sacred Congregation of the Propagation of the Faith, it becomes our duty to pro- mulgate them as, henceforth, an integral portion of the laws of this ecclesiast province. . In the letter of instructions covering the decree, the Cardinal Prefect directs that the symbol of faith, which he doubts not was professed in conformity with laudable usage by the fathers of the Counct!, and which they should be ready to affirm and defend even to the shedding of their blood, should be published with the acta. This profession of faith was made by all the Bishops, in the last or in former Councils, and it was published among the acts of the Conncil of 1855. We shall solemnly repeat it, as such is the will of Rome, in ail the future Connells at which God may permit ug to assemble; for, to uge the language of the Anglo-Saxon Apostic of Germany, St. Boniface, “¢ We have decreed and confessed that we will maintain the Catholic faith and unity, and subjection to tho Ro- man church, to the end of our hives.” With that great missionary we profess ourgelves ‘ready to die, if God $0 will, for the holy laws of our fathers, that we may share with them the heavenly inheritauce;’’ and with him does every prelate of this province rejoice to eign himself “ Bighop and disciple of the Romen church.’’ (ip. 91. 105 and 44.) With the Apostle of Ireland, St. Patrick (vid Spicilegiom Dacheri we say, ‘* if questions arige, let them be referred to Rome.” ‘With St. Jerome, we pro- fess that only in that ark is ealvation, and that whoever eats the Paschal lamb out of that house is profane.’ Finally, we believe with St. Bernard, and in his words ‘address the Pope, saying: “You are ‘a great pricst, a great Pontiff; you are the prince of bishops; you are the heir of the Apo:ties; in primacy, you are Abel; in govern- ment, Noah; in patriarcbate, Abraham; in order, Mel- chigedech; in dignity, Agron; in arthority, Moses; in jaris- «diction, Samuel; in power, Peter; and in unction, Christ.” (Lib. de Consid:) We need not offer any apology for using this strong language, in speaking of the Roman See and faith, sinco that was stronger which was used by Christ when he gaid tothe first Pope, “Thou art Peter, and on this Rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not pre- vail against it; and I will give to thee the keys of the king- dom of Heaven; feed my lambs; feed my sheep; I have peree for thee that thy faith may never fail; confirm thy rethren.’’ To all of which the Holy Ghost adds, in the Acts of the Aposties, what was not said of another; that the sick were laid by the wayside, that Peter’s shadow may fall upon and cure them. We wonder, then, how it could have been paid, and eaid on the pretended authority of @ venerable name, and said without acry of remon- Strance and of indignation from the Cathciic heart of the United States, that we were here in some nameless, but peculiar. danger of severance from the centre of Catholic Unity. We may, it Is true—and the confession is humiliat- ing—be in danger of this great evil, as we are of v ty wer fhe are wayfarers in a yh of error and sin; wut if ever there was a nation, or an Episcopate, that was de- voted to the chair and the person of Peter, in his successor in the Sce of Rome, that nation is the United States, that pate is ours. In all our councils we have asser: devotion by our acts, We have availed ourselves of every opportunity that was afforded us, in times past, to end our future priests and bishops to be educated in Rome. | We have yielded to none in sympathy with the Holy Father inexile. We core qumang thajorense ‘in encouraging and applauding when there was quettion of crowning the Immaculate. And it is a fact as honorable to us as it is well known to the world, that an American prelate scarcely feels bimself to be a bishop until, like St. Paul, he has gone up to Rome to commune with Peter; until he has knelt atthe shrine of the holy Apostles and heard the paternal counsel, and received the biessing of the Supreme Pontiff—an earnest of the guidance of the Holy Spirit, and of the benizon of Christ on his Apostolate. Educated in such principles, and true to such traditions, we should lose our reagon before wo lost our faith or turned schismatics. We are, therefore, and God go helping, we shall ever be, upited in communion with his Holiness. It is not to detine the faith, or to settle controversies concerning it, that Provincial synods are assemblod. Their object is rather to safeguard the faith, to illustrate and adorn it by Christian discipline, to promots education, to provide for the poor and the orphan, and to establish pure and elevated morality in the souls of the clergy and the faithful, tor whom they legislate. Auch of’ the good that has been accomplished by the American Church, which counts but sixty-nme years since the consecration of her first bishop, must be attributed to the wise and efficient action of Provincial councils. By them, still! more than by increased facilities for travel, have been drawn daily nearer to Rome By them we havo been preserved from abuses which have imperiled the faith and obscured the glory of some dioceses, at least, of other Catholic nations; ‘and by them has the uniformity of discipline and the unity of spirit, which the apostle designates as the bond of peace, been made to distinguish our clergy and people. The first decree of the Second Provincial Cormeil of Cin- cinpati enjoins the observauce of the decrees of the First Provincia] Council of this city and of the Plenary and other councils held in Baltimore, while the bishops of this province were its suffragans. These, with the decrees of our Second Provincial Synod, are therefore a portion of the canon law of this diocese, and as such to be faith- of souls should feel it to be fully observed. Every pastor his cay to have wu ‘copy of them, to read it frequently, and make the enactments that concern them the subjcct of instruction to the congregation. ‘The cavso of education must ever enlist the sympathies ‘and excite the lively golicitude of every order oF the cler- By, a8 well as of the parents and friends of youth. It was the proud boast of the citizen of this State, who labored more than any other to obtain legislation to establish and endow the coinmon schools, that when they Were once in successful operation, the criminal statutes would be a dead letter. There would be no more offences eae piitiy A lad i. Bove was any man ore ved. Never were heavier pecuniary sacrifices im hae Logisiature or submitted to by the people, tl in vain attempt to realize this Utopia. ‘The system has had a fair trial for considerably more than ® quarter of s century, in this, and in other States of the Union. But what is the result? Are crimes diminished? Are they committed, especially in their most aggravated form only, or mainly by the uneducated? The answer to to this question is returned to us from the Senate Chamber, the hotel dining room, the streets of Washington, the offices of State and county treasuries, the counters and desks banks, per hee pcg kek er or rp 4 or only a le boon. The band and the heart must be eduoatele ‘a8 well ag the mind. Domestic education and the good example of pa- rents must be added to the instruction of the school room. The injustice of t Catholics to support schools from which they derive no benefit must cease, and own money be allowed them to educate their own children. Or, if this cannot be, the common schools should be placed on such a basis as that Catholics may profit by be oe bo ao a Their the wor , the religion Islam, and barbarism, conquered. Paganism, and , tial, and books that teach open and shameless immorality, receive the suffrages of the majority, and are commended to ace confidence ag activation Va iA le x fe are not 0 unwise as to think, so unjust as to sn} that Catholics have not to answer for their full share i the depravity we deplore. Let the Church and the State, let Catholics and Protestants do what they may to arrest the torrent cf evil, it will never wholly cease to flow; for, while there are men there will be vices. But we seck to control this torrent, to confine it te narrower limits, to lessen the volume of ite waters, and those por- tions cf society which it has baad nd invaded, from the in- undation. [f the State, if our fe citizens will let us have to make our own experiments, in our own ‘way, If justice be denied us, Catholics must only do what they can to redress their part of the evils of society. Now, what is the duty of Catholics with regard right edeation of youth” aah lish a in the first place, they must teach them the catechism, or send them whero they will learn it—to the Catholic school and to the church; to their own school and to their our own money we hope to succeed, own church, and not another. they - Vide for item teachers who will know how te tess. who wil ive them example; who will not suffer their puj bays un aarts to to the dangers of pro unrestricted intercourse in the same school room and Playgrounds and evening parties, where the passions are prematurely developed, reason hold no control. They must interdict the demoral- izing reading of romances novels, not to spevk of other works of @ still more fatal description. And instead of those they must furniah them with only auch books instructions as will ex; to them the end for which hey were on yo and duties which they must fulfil as good women, good citizens, and, or to say ail in one word, good Christians,” poem The boarding and day , ta ligious com- munities of women, leave us little tment Ios educa- tion of young girls, of the various orders of socicty. wath will you took econte among the u hone, svtncanciungs sphere, The practice For boy: have them tn thes teacher the “py oo reseed a letter 16 Sovere' Pontiff, hit to une his high influence with Sapertce of the Brethens of the Christian schools in France to induce him to found « training school for teachers in this province, The Hol; Father has already deigned to comply with our requ and the answer of the. Superior of ho. Christian Schoo! Brothers, which bas just been received, bide us hope that pen object of this Council’s legislation will noon bo nm . Provincial Council ad- idiemees of boys when they leave school—an idle- The | Pess which is often not wilful, but compuisory—idie be- | ©oure.unable to fod apything to do—we as one of the most fruitful sources of vice, and one of the greatest Fe.) of Cries ae such an ye that we look ” 2 ord lary despotisms of Europe, which take young men from their Tamilies ov the sérects for atermeof yeart and compel them to serve in the army, as & comparative blessing. In the service Ubey acquire bavits of obedience to superiors, cleanliness, regularity and order. In our large cities hundreds of boys and young mea are wasting energies which they are anxious to devote to the conquest of # respectable position in society, aud therefore tothe public good; but the: know not what to do—they are idle ‘‘because omanbath hired them.” This is no excuse. We have repoat- edly tried to bave virtuous and industrious boys placed where they could learn trades, or be otherwise usefull employed, and could not. If we leave them unoccupied, they will cease to be virtuous, Is there, then, no re- fource but to make prisoners of them?—to incarcerate them, with others like themselves, ina house of refuge? We think there is,and that itcan be found in parents’ getting their boys to work when they can, and in lic communities establishing workshops and icultural schools, sach a8 are now used with such ry re- sults in Catholic Franceand England. Had we the means, personal and material, we should commence one without delay. We commend the project to the zeal of our be- loved clergy. On the duty of providing for the education of a pious and learned clergy we have already spoken. Our dioce- gan and the provincial seminary fills our heart with joy and hope. It realizes all that we had expected. pro- feesors are pious, devoted and learned; the students dili- gent, obedient and fervent; the facilities for instruction in all the branches of gacred and secular learning exten- tive, the situation healthy, the results which have been already obtained encouraging. An ungrudging and gene- rous support by the reverend clergy aad their congrega- tions is all that is wanting. Not io all, but in some in- stances, has this been withheld. We wish the annual col- lection for this purpose to be made in every church, in future, on the same Vas faikmsvayns The Holy Father hag recommended the establishment of a college in Rome for the education of American clergy- men. Similar colleges have been founded in the Eternal City for England, Ireland, Scotland, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, and the Propaganda, chielly for the Orientalisis. In a letter ad- dressed to ug by the Cardinal Perfect we were informed that the Sovereign Pontiff, whose heart glows with apos- tolic charity, has presented to the bishops of the United States a large apd convenient edifice, with an elegant church attached to it, that students chosen by them may there be formed under the cyes of the Holy Father, in soundness of life and of doctrine, for the sublime functions of the priesthood of Jesus Christ. ‘* Nothing, therefore,” the document justly states, ‘tis more worthy of the bishops of the United States than to perfect the work of which the Bishop of the Queen City of the Christian world has laid the foundation. Nor is it doubted but that American Ca- tholics will generously extend their hands to endow an in- stitution from which the American name wil! derive great glory, and by which the Catholic religion and faith will be £0 muoh illustrated and increased in the United States.” The Holy Father evidently has his heart in this great work. He loves our country; he seeks to confer upon it the greatest of blessings. The Catholics of the diocese of Cincinnati will, we are sure, make a noble response to the appeal of the chief Bishop. ‘We would fain hope that they will not be surpaseed by their brethren in the dioceses of Boston, New York, Baltimore and Louisville, where col- lections have already becn made for the American College. ‘We earnestly commend it to their piety and zeal, and ap- point the Sunday within the Octave of all Saints for the collection, Let no one be found unprepared on that day. And we shall receive with gratitude private contributions which shall be sent us in the meantime, and faithfully preserve the names of benefactors to be forever payee is by the pricats of this diocese educated abroad at me. ‘The subject of secret societies was not mentioned in the Council. The spiritand legislation of the Church concern- ing them were too well known. But the recent introduc- tion of a new order of this description in our midst, and the questions that have been asked us, do not permit us to be silent. All secret societies are fseppeoreds many of them condemned by name, by the Church. In a free country like this there is no necessity for concealment. ‘They whose deeds are evil love darkness. They whose deeés are good need not fear the light. Especially is it preposterous and unneces: to make those, societies secret whose professed object is benevolence. Besides, it is irreverent, it 18 profane, it is taking the name of God in yain, to ay to the Divine Being by an oath that one will keep that secret of which, when he swears, he is totally ignorant. Catholics reed not to join any of these societies for opportunities to practice the virtues of cha- rity or philanthropy. We bave abundant facilities for such objects in aseociations which have been blessed by the Church. Those to which we object are never joined by Catholics until they have neglected attendance at chorch on Sundays and festivals—neglected Catholic in- struction and the Sacraments. We have no doubt that there are many men of moral and eccial virtues in the ranks of some of the secret socie- ties. We eeek not to impeach their lives or their inten- tions, Buta Catholic was not baptised in them or for them. His first allegiance is to the Church. And if he forsakes her communion for their membership, the ridi- culous ceremonies said to be enacted at his initiation, a funeral with music, at which evil spirits may be supposed to be dancing, will be a poor amends for the loes of his eoul. It was only on last Sunday that we had one of those noisy funeralz. The man who was so buried had renounced Odd Fellowship. he died as Catholics who be- long to such societies rometimes do, of delirium tremens, but be had lucid intervals from Sunday to Tuesday, dur: ing which he was reconciled to the Church and received the last sacraments at the Hospital for the Insane, at Mount Hope, near Raltimore. ‘At the prayor of the Council the Holy Father has been pleased to extend the permission to eat flosh meat on Sa- turdays to the year 1870, and the clergy of this province, to promote devotion for the relief of the souls in purgato- r ries allowed to rien sing masses of requiem twice in the month, even on Double Feasts, We omit other mat. ters to which the decrees of the Council refer, but which will be more Ing sb ale fr embraced in Diocesan statutes. We conclude, beloved brethren and children in God, by exhorting a!l to increased fidelity and fervor inthe dis- charge of the duties of their respective stateg in life and the practice of the Christian virtues, Let us first seek, in spirit and in truth, the sanctification of our own souls; and ceage not to pray for the removal of all scandals of clergy or people from the church, and the conversion of the in- numerable souls which Satan holds bound at his will in the melanchoty bondage of error and sin. Givem at Cincinnati, on Ash Wednesday, 1859. 7 J. B. PURCELL, Archbishop of Cincinnati. Petition of Archbishop Hughes and 2,144 Catholics of [New York, to the Board of Almshouse Governors. At the last meeting of the Board of Ten Governors Go- vernor Townsend preeented the foltowing:— eeecrerne OF THE ALMSHOUSE IN THE Crry OF NEw YORK:— . The undersigned, residents of the city of New York, composing @ portion of your constituents and of the tax- payers of said city, having come to the knowledge of the facts hereinafter mentioned, feel called upon by a con- trolling sense of duty to recall and represent to your ho- norable body— That when children are committed to institutions by the public authorities, to be maintained and educated, the governors of such institutions are substituted for the de- ceased or impoverished parents of unfortunate chil- dren, and assume and hold in their piace a solemn and sacred trust, to the full and faithful performance of which their reputation as men and their consciences as Christians are pledged, and that the obligation thus incurred consists be = foo woe ye} ones Fe would have been the luty of their parents, they been living or able them- paives, to instruct them. ‘That it is an admitted duty of guardians, whethor natu- ral or appointed by law, to combine with the inteilectunl education of the children entrusted to their custody and care, a religious training. ‘That in this community there is a large number of resi- dents and citizens upon whom the principles and teachings of their religion, and their conscientious convictions, im- pose and en! duty of educat- ing their offepring in the faith of their fat and of bringing them up, as they themselves have bec broaght up, in the service of God, That many children, of parents of a like belief with these residents and citizens, are, from painful causes, which neither the undersigned nor the public control, to be at all times found within the institutions on Randail’s Island, under the charge of your honorable body. That such children are not permitted, except at insuffl- cient and unsatisfactory intervals, to receive such reli- gious teachings as their parents, if present, would impart or approve; but, on the contrary, they are compelled w re- ceive instruction from teachers of another religious belief, and are impressed with peculiar principles and doctrines which their ancestors looked 1 ry a8 unsound and untrue, bone which their parents neither believed in nor coun: ry . The undersigned respectfully, but firm'y, remonstrate against the continuance of this course, and submit that it is against the theory under which the law givers have en- trusted such children to the custody and control of your honorable body, and is violative of the very Principle which authorises the substitution of a public guardian in the place of a parent. e undersigned, therefore, would most urgently re- course be speedily prov th ped . =e S the above an t such arrangement be made b: jorable body as will afford to ach ‘chitd ta ah mentioned institutions, whatever be his religion, such re- ligioug instruction and training as he would have enjoyed had the supervision and care of his parents been youch- fafed to him, #0 that he will not be placed by public autho- rities in this important and vital point of notion in a lower or worae position than is occupied by those who aro blessed with the means and opportunity of being instruct- ed in their faith in the house of their parents. And the undersigned will over ko. Hee OHN, HUGHES, Archbishop of New York. JOHN KELLY, RICHARD B. GONNOLLY, ‘And 2,144 others, New Yorn, Nov. 23, 1858. Governor Townsend’ presented the following, which, with the foregoing, were laid on the table and ordered to be printed in the proceedings:— ahipet Yau teeed chal te sontsere appertaining’ fo ral r be apo - oon, , be placed on the footing of consideration and ban saw 80 that all 4 4 compelled or worship or religious wed, That the absence or default of uch ell. jous: or of such provision thero! worshi; Ser inmtrnetion shall be conducted in suck Of the erie be designated by the parents or guar- IX PrrrssorG.—A difficult: of Messrs. Bailey, McKean Monday, originating in a strike. ‘Wages last week, which ‘and were paid off. A num- wracta ree repai to the works @ det the two bodies, ending ett Of the rioters were arrested form of AFFAIRS IN CUBA AND PORTO RICO Cuba a Part of the Appanage of the Spanish Crown—The Cuba Question in the Spanish Cortes—Sentence of an American Captain in Porto Rico, &e., &e. OUR HAVANA CORRESPONDENCE. Havana, March 80, 1859. The Sovereignty of Cuba ina Legal Point of View—It Re- sides Only in the Orown—The Cortes and Ministers of Spain have no Jurisdiction Over it—Historical Proofs, dé. Since the declaration made by the Spanish Cortes—as: well as previous to the ‘never, never,” which it Cone tains—the journals of the United States, and those of Spait and France, have been and are still occupied in disci the possibility, and even the legality of the sale of Cub and the idea of this same legality is yet persisted in the part of the authors of the idea. We, who have raiged our voice on this question, now propose to examin and explain it, under the agpect of its proper and rigoro legality—leaving aside the ‘ possible,” which is ne excluded, and which is never more likely to come in qu tion than when treating of negotiations with a court li that of Madrid, If the government of Spain or its Chambers the rights of a contracting party in tho pakbemye salo”’ which is treated of, they could assert the unrealizas ble character of the negotiations, its difficulties, or ite: great cost, because the interested parties who would hav® to be satisfied would be many. But, unfortunately for tha@_| mivisterial speculators of that Court, neither the Procu: radoras, nor the Deputies, nor General O’Donuel!, nor Donna Manuela, his wife, are those who have the power of determining the sale, The patrimony of the Crown and. the public treasury bave been separate in Spain ever since when its kings and their conquests absorbed the fiefs; and that which best to the — patri- movy has never been unit nor confounded, with tbat which appertains to the State. This separation! and division have been much more marked and more re: epected since the adoption of constitutional forins mad them necessary and indegpensable. But the regalia of th royal patrimony bas been preserved much wore intact, and been much more respected in America, than in D5 and both in Spain and in America special judges hay: been charged with its preservation. If, notwithstanding this, the rights of the royal patrimoy” ny bave been sometimes in America confounded with tho of the State, attributing to the latter power over the fo mer, it is owing, without doubt, to the despotic form u der which the colonies have been governed. Tho pre- ence of the crown over the pacilic soil of America begs with the very project discovery by Columba The great Queen—whose history has been best writ by a bistorian who rivals Tacitus and Robertson—de’ the expenses of the first we of Columbus with mon drawn from the rabbis one days, only by pled her own jewels and her own clothes; and a modern write! bas put the energetic into the mouth of the second Teabella, that she would not only pledge hor jewols and ber clothes, but would even sell them, were it necei to preserve her Ha isle, Thus, in the vel history of the discovery, are rooted the righta of the crown to exclusive sovereignty over the Spanish, American soil. And so careful have been the kings, suc~ cessors of Isabella the Catholic, in always sustaining it all its integrity, that in many laws of the Code entitled Recopitacion Indias, the principle is laid down , the dominion of all the is of America belongs to the | Royal patrimony. In the year 1578 Philip the 5 said,—in the fourteenth law, title tweltth, book four Recopilacion de Indias, ‘We having inherited ent the seigniory of the Indies, and belonging to our pa: ny and royal crown, the uncccupied grounds, soils lands which have not been conceded by the Lord’s our predecessors, etc.;’’ and these rights have alwi been reasserted by his descendants, as appears in m royal decrees, e right of intervening in the cession of the island Cuba is not, then, nor can it be, in the Cortes nor in @ Cabinet of Madrid; and consequently the protests and d clarations of the Spanish Cortes are groundless and ridi lous. It is, in our judgment, for thie reason that pogslbility of the negotiation is still insisted upon; and is for this also that the President, in his message, nounced the idea of a prepayment. But if the power of transferring Cuba longs and corsesponds exclusively to the Qu it is still important to know Hm vehich binds this Power at the present time. Fra ancient times, and through voluntary although not tous concessions by the predecessors of Isabella ie q of the superfices of the island were elevated to the category of irrevocable titles m be. that the Queen Ieabella herself, the only and capable tracting party, cannot gell anything but the seigno those eos of and Known in the island by the ‘nau ‘unappropr! ;) that is of th estates granted and ‘de Lscibne can the representations of the Cabildos 0 island of Cubs have against its transfer—unless, ‘hey only desired to imitate the erample of Bream threw his sword into the the ransom. And certail ceived the idea of these derisive representations, he might vainglory himself like another Tim , ought, also, like him, to suifor his banish perchance another Nero governed now in Cuba, lea\ the hope that the time was approaching when an | Thrasea, who, reminding us of the prohibition of false representations, would require a full reparatio such conduct. OUR PORTO RICO CORRESPONDENCE. Sax Juan, Porto Rico, March 19, 18 Fate of the Crew of the Wrecked Slaver—Her Cargo S $25 @ Head—Case of Capt. Sheffield of Boston—1i fray with his Mate—Spanish Soldiers—Capt. She] Sentenced to Siz Years Imprisonment, dic. Now confined in the spacious and comfortable priso this city is the crew of a slave bark, numbering ab thirty persons. The bark landed about six hundred h of her cargo at a small town on the island, and was ing in for the land to leave the balance of her stock another point; but unfortunately for those who were p cuniarily interested, she brought up ona reof and was soc after made a prize of by the authorities on shore, crew of the bark made their escape on shore, but wer soon after arrested. The captain has probably m his escape. The officers and crew wilt unquestionably & liberated in a few days, The bark was towed into this port by a Spanish steamer, with four hundred negrocs on board. They a4 deing 014, per order of the governmont, at $25 per hos to serve for the term of six years. None of the bl papell ten PR le tr let hgh e Ivo about a dozen women, 801d ‘in lots to suit purcl ¥ boy! 4 : Keen and instantly. Th ing into his boat, q then at anchor in th captain fred at him, The mate is no dase fray cccurred on the 20U8 of January ast, ‘e are now stationed on this island 4, 8 troops, 1,200 of whom are quartered in r Seman enlists for seven years, and receives month, out of which the clothing is to be deducted. ‘The sugar and molasses Of this will fail sho of an average ‘yield on this ieland. sed 7 rel 4 = EF i 5 EE ga 5 HF zg i] HF i [ rs 3 2 i A itl absolute hs have made any tutional monarchy of Isabella serve the island of Gaba. The i vernment has always been to torrit by means of ficient, it has recourse the thirty Bue!