The New York Herald Newspaper, April 12, 1859, Page 2

2 THE MAILS OF THE CANADA. Preparations for the Peace Con- gress in Europe. Doubts as to the Effects of Diplomacy in Allaying the Excitement. Sardinia's Efforts for Admission to the Conference. Position of Prussia—Her Army—Its Re- cruitment and Present Force, The Empress Eugenie About to Revolu- tionize the Fashions of Dress. OUR PARIS AND BERLIN CORRESPONDENCE, éc, &e., &o. & ¢ ‘Mee mails of the Canada reached this city from Boston, a tittle after midnight yesterday morning. ‘The dates are Paris the 25th, and London the 26th of ‘March. We publish to-day some very interesting letters from @vr correspondents in Paris and Berlin, with important wanslations from Le Nord, of Brussels. Iwill be eeen that the writers entertain the opinion ‘that the diplomacy exercised in the proposed Peace Con- grees, wi!] not effect anything like a permanent settlement of the great agitation existing on the subject of the Aus- twian and Papal rule in Italy. ‘ ‘Whe most accurate statistics of the present strength of She Prussian army are given Our Paris Correspondence. 3 Panis, March 24, 1859. The Peoce Congress and its Hopes and Danger:—Policy of France and Austria—Austria Still Worships her Trea- biet—Prople Don't Believe in Diplomacy, and Napoleon Wishes a Show of Justification—The Imperial Guard, fe Imperial Corporal, and Imperial Reminiscences— Grand Musical Festioal—Private Masked Balls Before Lent, de., de. Your Exropean correspondence is so heavily laden with ‘warlike portents, with ingenious reasons pro and con res- pecting a general contlagration, and innumerable on dits @f diplomatic doings, that there is some danger of the pablic mind being used up before the curtain fairly riges om the grand catastrophe. If there be any truth in the eld adage, ‘expect the unexpected,” the expectations ‘which one and all of us have done our best to excite should cotiapsc and leaye the air still and calm asa sum- mer’s eve; and if any faith is to be placed in the signs ‘veuchsafed from on high, all this noise in the smithies, af this ringing and hammering of forges, this bustle amorg the chipwrights and experiments on the long wange are to be eolyed in acharming rejour at Aix-la- Chapelle, where the representatives of France, England Buasia, Austria and Prussia are to hob and nob the world, Jwto the most blissful tranquillity. ‘The Moniteur, this very morning, announces that Lon- @on and Berlin have given in their adherence, and as Wrance has already done so, and Russia proposes the hing, why Ausiria, willy nilly, must perforce send in Bers. Truc it is that something is said about this last Power proving contumacious, but in these days of politi- ea) diplomacy one Power does not openly hold the rest at @efiance in this fashion. Austria, after a modest coyness, ‘will finally exy “Yes,” and then, according to some peo- ple, we shall immediately have the most charming illus- twation of one of those classical quotations which our monkish foretathers, in the Eton Latin Grammar provided fer the special edification of all time, to wit:—Amantium fa amoris redintegratio est. ‘The same authority, however, has called out a Hora- tian mot, ramely:—Credat Judaa:—which I find many pperzons, who have excellent means of judging, are ready te exclaim, whenever the promises of cooing doves mect Meir cars. ‘That quarrels, misuoderstandings, differences of opin- om, or whatever epithet may be applied to the natural @voes fram of our nature, can be made up, and society present the same unruflied front as before, the experi- eeee of our married life convinces us. The profound con- vietion that a heated state of the atmosphere is danger- ous to the well-being of both parties; that each must lose by it, while by a free current of wholesome breathing air ‘Poth must be benefitted, serves in this instance to eflect ‘the reconciliation better than the most convincing logic or any innate sense of justice. Thus it may prove with France and Austria, and would doubtless do 9 were they Ide husband and wife, convinced that any victory over ‘the one would only be to the detriment of both. But I ‘am afraid neither one or the other are convinced of any. ‘hing of the kind. All the arguments which apply to the peaceful character of Austria presume a state of conces, sion alike fatal to her power in Italy and humiliating to her as regards France; while whatever may be said of ‘France in the same view, presupposes an honesty of pur- , & etraightforwardness, ah unambitious policy, a Freedom from ‘past memories which no one who has conned and noted the events of the last six years will be di: to give her credit for. It is eaid, indeed, that France retire from demands in the face of Europe which she have insisted on had she to do with Austria alone, and that Austria may yield gracefully to the great Powers ‘what it would have béen a dishonor to give up at the dic- tation of France. But Austria cannot admit any infraction of the treaties of 1815, and to pass the sword of Brennus through these we have the highest authority for knowing is the Imperial policy of France, for the enemy of Austria “hath written ee sae: * The whole offair of the ay ing Congress is pretty ge- erally rote with oomile. The Emperor, it is said, is willing to show Europe how anxious he is to exhaust all ‘the reeources of conciliation ere he fliogs away the scab. ‘Dard; and Rugeia, who knows so well his Majesty’s for Dearing disposition, and who has before now flung her protecting gis over Austria in her difficulties, is only too desirous of seconding his Majesty's most Christian temper. Meantime, that Napoleon the Fourth may commence ‘the education which is to make the laurels of the mighty eapiain, hig illustrious ancestor, ait gracefully on h's brow, on Sunday Jast he was duly initiated as a member of the Jenyerial Guard. Twenty-eix battalions, twenty-four syua- rons, twelve batteries of artilery, two companies of en. eers and & squadron of the military train, making in all 25,000 men, poured in from St. Germains, Veraailiez, Fontaineblean, Meaux and Compiegue to do honor to thé @ocasion on the Champ de Mars, where, beneaih a sum. the presence of half Paria assembled to ‘witness, the Emperor, surrounded by a gulaxy of marshal ‘and generais of divigion, and accompanied by the Em- , the Princes Jerome and Napoleon, reviewed them. « petit corporal’’—the infant Prince Imperial—wore the uniform of a grenadier of the Guard, with the corpo- val’s siripes on bis shoulder, and sat beside his imperial mamma, looking a# valiant as the Grand Monarque at aa ‘age very similar did before him. They were a very select body of troops, and the warlike state of the barometer vendered their assemblage on the Champ de Mars an event of considerable interest just now. It was an- Beipated that some diversity of feeling would be displayed by the populace, although I con- fees I wae not among those who expected anything of the kind. Great, indeed, must be the exciting cause when ‘the weil dressed Parisians utter discordant sounds in the face of the adored soldat; and whatever may be said of ‘the present commercial spirit of France and ite pacific in- elinations, the old coachman still likes tne crack of the ‘whip, and the very sight of the pride, and circumstance and panoply of war is always quite enough to rouge memorice vetcris veligia flamma eutticient w elicit cries of welcome. Accordingly the eounds of + Vive U Empereur,” ViveV Emperatrice,” «Vive U Prince Imperial,” and oc- casionally a vivat L'ltalie, were echoed and re- with great enthusiasm, ‘There is to be another review on a grander scale on Sunday next. ‘Nothing, in fact, is abated in the way of warlike pre- parations. The government, indeed, only seems to an- ‘the admonition of the Siécle is as followe:—‘We en- fertain the firm that a perspective of negotiations ‘will neither check the vigilance nor efforts of France. We must prepare ourselves more than ever for war, sinco it can issue, quite as well as , from the deliberations of Congress. Weare on the eve of one of those solemn aye which only appear at distant intervals in the exis- ‘Yence of nations. On our firmness, on our attitude, de- pends the future of Europe.” We have had a great musical festival at the Palais de Vindustrie, It consisted of several chorusses sung by as poor. The great novelty was the combination of such an ‘army of human voices. The effect of this was, as it could not fail to be, thrilling and inspiring to a degree; but the bullaing, admirable as it is in point of space, is certainly adapted for musical celebrations. Even with ‘voices there is not that vibration, that gra- Lexpansicn and subsidence of sound which is so neces- to the perfect satisfaction of the ear; and though, , the execution was excellent, there was a sense append In fact, the effect would have been greater in no building af all, in mid air, unimpe tod by roof or corridors of marbie. It is one of the most. features of the working life of Paris, that disposi. ‘to find amusement in choral harmony out of doors, Be the Bois de Boulogne sometimes, on fote days, the air - with joyous melody of this sort, where, por. bape, a hundred voices will accidentally gather together and combine in singing. The effect is inexpressibiy , and imparts to the mind that delight. fal sense of unity #0 foreign to the general discord. What, sen, would be the effect of six thousand voices echoing tall trees and sweepiug over the glassy lake? Th balls, with masks, before Lent, were no more than usually popular till recentiy; of any notoriety and fashion threatene fe give one. In the mist of prayere and penitence one but now NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 1859.-TRIPLE SHEET. H poems Dears of preparations for the costume. Every one wild nay the subject. The Americans, who are beginning to retnrn from Rome, Nice and other placer, enter into the spirit of these amusements with wonderful zeal, and the gaiety and aplomd they bring to such reunions are @ Teal acquisition. Panes, March 21, 1859, War and an Enfeedled Aristocracy—Fine Weather— Must cal Festivities—Dédut of an American Prima Donna— Eugenie to Lead a Tremendous Revolution in Ladies’ Dress Fashions. War, war—nothing but war talked of in all classes; bu- siness bad, and discontent penotgating everywhere, and sounding like the grumbling of a coming thunder storm; and come it must, for bodies politic are like bodies human, and must have their revolutions, their remedies, their re- establishment. These are natural lawé; nothing can exist forever on this terrestrial globo, and it looks as though the empire was rather indisposed, and needed a popular physician, z The whole aristocracy of Europe is rotten to the founda- tion, and its pulses are feeble, while the pulge of the mass is strong and healthy. Few strangers are here, and Paris cannot be called gay this winter. . ‘The weather bas been beautiful, and the trees are bud- iDg rapidly around the Tuileries, and the birds have prog- nosticated spring by their return from the south. Nothing new in the musical world, except the revival of “Doh Giovanni” at the Italiens after gome years silence. Five nights out of seven last week the theatre was full from top to bottom, and many turned disappointedly away. The engagements of Mario in England and Zucchi- nj at Viepna prevent ite being continued. It was sung by Mesdames Frezzolini, Persiani and Guerrabella. The trio of the “Three Masques,” by Frezzolini, Gurrabella and the tenor Galvani, obtained every night the most rapturous applause. " e most interesting feature was the début of the beau- tiful American prima donna, La Guerrabella, who, although ‘a débutante, to the surprise of every one, treads the boards like an old actress. With a face and form of classical symetry, she savg with great distinctness and traditional accuracy that most ungrateful and difficult rdle of Donna Eliza, and we agree with our confrére, Galignant, that “she will be a valuable acquisition to any lyric theatre.”” We bope soon to see her ina character better adapted to her great ability and highly finished style. Porsiani still showed the great artiste she has been, as did also Frez- voliwi, and Tucchini was the prince of buifos. Mario looked well, but, like La Guerrabella, was misplaced in the opera. The Italian Opera is fast loging ground from great misma- hagement. Tmuet not forget to mention the festival of the Orphe- onisis of France, at the Palais de I’Industrie—6,000 sing- ers at onc, without instruments—which went off with much eclat. My lady friend has not yet given me the fashions for this steamer. An entire revolution is preparing, od by the Empress, which will be the curiosity of my ne: Our Berlin Correspondence. Brau, March 23, 1859, The Peace Congress Likely to Meet in this City—Russia Sheathes the Swords of Europe for a Moment—Joy of the Prussian People at the Chance of Peace—Disastrous Effects of a War on her Interests—Her Army Recrwit- ‘ment System—Extablishment and Objects of the Land. wehr—Divisions and Teal Strength of the Standing Amy. For the moment everything looks quite peaceful again. Russia has proposed a Congress of the great Eu- ropean Powers to meet in this city, as on neutral gronnd, for the purpoge of settling the Italian question, France, in accordance with whose wishes this proposal was proba- bly made, has given her consent, and Austria, after con- siderable hesitation, has yielded tonecessity, and ultimate- ly signified her acquiescence. Of course it remains very doubtful whether the Congress will lead to an agreement between the contending parties; their antagonism is too decided, and their political views and interests differ too widely to render it an easy task; but at any rate the danger of immediate hostilities seems to be averted; diplomacy hag stepped in between the combatants and arrested the swords that were about to leap from their scabbards, and whatever turn events may finally take, Kurope has at least obtained a respite, during which she can fetch breath and recover a little from the terrors that have be- set her ever since the memorable let of January. Here in Prussia, especially, the prospect of a peaceful solution has been eagerly welcomed, the public having been alarmed for some time previous by reports that the army, or at least a partof it, was to be placed on the war footing, which had diffused univergal consternation. The organization of the Prussian army is such that no- where in the world would a war have fo disastrous an effect upon the comfort and the yery existence of the whole population ag in this country, as will be readily perceived from a sketch of the military system established, which, I believe, is not generally known in Amorica, By law every man who has attained the aze of twonty is obliged to serve in the regular army for three years, no substitute being allowed, and no excuse admitted short of physical incapacity. Young mea of good education, however, may apply to enter as “‘volun- teers,” when, if they pass their examination in the various branches of service required, they have only to gerve one year, receiving no pay, and Mndiug their owa unWorm and accoutrements, After the expiration of their term of service in the standing army, they are transferred to the Landwehr—which resembles the regulars in every respect except that it is not continually under arms—and where they must serve in the First Ban (Aufgelot) till they complete their thirty-second year. From that ageto thirty nine they are enrolled in the Second Ban, originally intended for garrison duty, but which may be called in cases of neceseity to reinforce the standing army. Every regiment of the line, infantry and cavalry, has a regiment of Landwehr aitached to it, being the game number and uniform, with the exception of some trifling distinctions. They are officered the same as the line, but are only called out once a year, or sometimes every two years, for field days, manceuvres and reviews, when they Teceive their arms and socoutrements from the govern- ment arsenals and clothing depots esvablished in all tne provinces of the monarchy for the use of the laudwehr. After the reviews are over they return their arms, &c. to these magazines, and are permitted to resume their usual avocations, but remain embodied ag the Firat Ban of the Landwebr, and are liable to be called out whenever an order ig issued to put the army on a war footing, or what is now termed ‘ Kingsbeuitschaft,” and while the regu- las are marched cif to meet the enemy they remain under arms agareserve. The First Ban of the Landwehr is composed of twelve battalions of guards, ninety-six bat- tallions of infantry, and one hundred aad forty-four squadrons of cavalry, besides artillery. Its total strength on the war establisment is stated at 174,626 men. in peace only the gkeletons of the battalions and squadrons are maintaine¢—numbering four thousand one bundred and twenty-three men, and three hundred and forty-eight horses, at of the Second Ban, at 175,196 men. These figures were given in 1853 and 1554, but have not altered materially since. ‘The Landwebr was instituted in 1818, and was then only intended to serve for the defence of the country against foreign invagion, ag the name implies. At that period the whole nation was fired with enthusiasm, and ail classes vied with cach other in their efforts to throw off the in- tolerable yoke of the First Napoleon, which had weighed #0 heavily upon Prussia and Germany ever since the bat- tie of Jena. Now, however, things are very much alter- ed; all the relations of social life have undergone great changes in the last forty years, and the landwelr system, which was originally quite popular, has long been felt as a grievance that cailed imperatively for relief. The pri- vates, as well as many of the oilicers, belong to the va- rious trades and professions; the latter are lawyers, phy sicians, merchante—the former mechanics, handi- craftsmen, farmers, &c. About two-thirds of their num. ber are married, most of them having families, and if summoned to arms the question arises, who is to maintain their wives and children when the husbands and fathers are abeent and no longer able to provide for their sub- sistence? All the business of the gJministration would be at a stand still, trade would be lyzed, the flelds would be left untilled, and everything be involved in utter con- fasion.. There is already a feeling of dissdtisfaction visi- bie tn the men belonging to the landwehr when called out for feld days and manouvres, which only take them a few weeks; they complain that they are obliged to neglect their business, have to march bivousc like regular soldiers. by which many have seriously injured their healths, and in some instances have young officers sent to command them, who, being poblemen by birth, think themscives far above the privates, although the latter are often men of educa- tion, and superior in every r. bihty. That the service is disliked by the present gene- ration be he ea from the numerous desertions that are constant ly taking place. From a gi district—Stral sund, for instance—sixty-seven land: men, belonging both to the infantry and cavalry, whose term of servi- tude had not yet the other day expired, were in the newspapers for having quitted the country without penalties of the law if they kept away. Ihave heard re men ed in mercantile pursuits declare that if they should be called out they wore determined to emigrate to America, as all their ‘would be blighted by such an juterruption fh career, and it would be difficult, if not impossible, for them to reaume it on their return from service. The ‘worst is, that this system, 60 onerous to the population, does not even secure Prussia the advantage of an efficient mil force. Instead of soldiership betog a reguiar , like im other countries, it is a more state of , to which every one is subject, ‘but from which every one is anxious to encape as soon as he possibly can; and in case of a war this Prussian army would be composed either of raw recruits or of persons who, in the pacific pursuits of ordinary life, have lon, forgotten the little they knew of the military art, an would be ill fitted to cope with the trained veterans of France or Austria. The depots in their military system have not invoked the observation of the ian authori- ties, and may have contributed tothe pacific attitude which this country has maintained during some of the ‘nost im crises of ite recent history, but ae yet no decisive steps have been taken towards {ts reorganization. Some partial reforms, indecd, have been effected, under the auspices of the Prince Regent , by the present Minister of War, but there are only pailiatives that do not sirike at the root of the evil, ‘The Prorsian standing army coneiets of the Guards, eta- tioned at Berlin, Potsdam and Charlottenburg, and of @ ght corps, corresponding with the eight provinces of tbe kingdom, the com! generals of which reside in the chief cites of ae viz: Konigsberg, Stettia, Frankfort, Magdeburg, Posen, , Munster and Cob- Jentz. Every corps forms two divisions, each division two brigades of infantry and one of cavairy, with oue regi- ment of artillery, a division of sappers and miner#, and a battalion of ritles, together with some reserves. The nu- merical strength of & “ae ig 23,000 infantry, in 25 batta- lions; 4,800 cavalry, in 32 #quadrons; 11 batteries, with 88 and 4 battalions to on the war footing, or 127,443, with 30,45 horses, on the peace establishment. The grand total of the military force, including landwehrs, is rn paper), be- sides a reserve remaining in case of , estimated at about 150,000 men. ly, there is a rm, OF arriére ton, which is only to be called out in the utmost extremity, and in which every Prussian from forty to sixty may be required toserve. To the best of my know- Jedge and belief, however, this institution exists but in theory, and pas never been reduced to practice. Russia's annem bo Interference im Paris (March 22) correspondence of Le Nord, translated Pave 6 fo. the ‘Niwr Your fimaca jr A note of the Moniteur of this day informs us of the in- tervention of Russia on the subject of the aifairs of Italy. It tres & most important event; it throwsa uew light on the intentions and attitude of that Power, whose apparent inactivity had given rise to interpretations of a very malevolent nature, Those who were her friends re- greited that silence, in which they saw a resolution to ab- stain from all interference in European affairs where her interests were not directly at stake; others profited by it, to insinuate all gorts of evil intentions and diabolical pro- jects, got up in silence. Asif a nation like Russia could renounce the influence which is forcibly given her by her geographic position, her history, her relations, her import- ance, and her 7dle as a great Power; as if her action could be jess real, less useful, or loss great than it is now, be- cause it is with less noise and ig more conformable with her rea! inte It is but just to gay, to the praise of her sovereign and her statesmen, that Russia has been recalled to her national policy, which, every time it has teen exercised, freed from every preoccupation, has been in conformity with’.the great interests of humanity. It could not be otberwise with a nation of fifty-two millions of men, having the same wants, the same ideas, speeking the same language, and feeling in the same way. Tho in- terests of a nation like thir, when uoderstood, could not but conciliate with those of other people. [his the En- peror Alexander hes well understood, and his Minis- ter of Foreign Affairs bas shown more than once. Tho military qualities of the Russian nation have been manifest- ed by a beroiam that all Kurope admired; her disinterest- edness bas given us peace; her sspirations for civilization show themselves by her immense enterprises of railroads, and by her proper emancipation and reforms of every nature, While suspected of ill (ecling, she svows her. self using ber influence in favor of the united voice of the Moldo-Wallachian populations, and to-day in the interest of ace and conciliation. Such are the reflections that we ear araund us, and we believe them to be just. It would be wrong to suppose that Russia has taken this step wita- out having Girt consulted and being in accord with Eng- Jand and Prussia. England and Prussia bave sent their adhesion to the reunion of a Congress. The Moniteur w ht in saving tha, the Emperor nover occupied himse!f on the Italien question without being first in accord with his allies. [f 1am well intormed it was only Inst night that the propo- tition of a Congress, made by Connt Kisselefl, was ac- cepted by the French government, which, after having arranged with Lord Cowiey, was announced by the Monueur of this morning. It i# certain that England and Pruseia have adhered to the reunion of the Coogrese; but J am not sure that Austria has as yet doue it oflicial Piedmont, which is the party immediately interested in the result, ‘but not one of the great Powers, does not appear to have been called upon to figure in the Congress: in fact there is sufficient reason; for, as tue question concerne all Italy, Sardinia could not be called on aione, or each of the other Italian States might claim a right to be represented. The great question here to be resolved is the tranquillity of Italy'and the peace of Enrope, and not the views of increasing one or the other Power. As to the town where the reunion will take place, it is not yet decided. Brussels, Frankfort aud Genevaare men- tioned; and it js probable that the five great Powers will decide on the latter, inasmuch ag it is placed on the bor- ders of the three States who are exposed to a war, inde- pendently of ite eerential character of neutrality. It is pretended that tbe Congress will not arsemble before the month of July, and that the reunions will last four monthe. Wiil nothing arise in Italy before that time to prevent its taking place? It would be difficult to answer for that, in prerence of the actual ation. We learn that one of the conditions of adhesion on the part cf Austria is that Piedmont should not be of the St. Peersburg (Russian) has opened her columre to the aifuirs of the island of Cuba, and proves “that the possession of that colony ie indispensable to the security of the United States.” For the moment it ad- viees that the great American republic should extend its influence in the igland in dispute, by the force alone of civilization and its commercial relations, which have been until now the best and gurest auxiligries to the United States in its conquests, The Wer Question in Prussia. [Berlin (March 2i) correspondence of Le Nord, translated for the New York Herat. } During two days the situation assumes @ more agreea- dle agpect. While the events appear, to the public eye, to have stopped in their course, they’advauce rapidly in the secrecy of the chancelleries, and by means of the telegraph they develope themselves with a rapidity that it is impossible for us to follow in our daily correspon- dence. ‘We shall have, at last,a Congress whose task it will be to bring about an arrangement between the parties that disagree. If the radical solution of the Italian ques- tion is impossible, at all events it wiil be the means of calming the impatience on one side by concessions more or less satisfactory, and of bending the obstinate resist- ance of others which would inevitably bring on an ex- plosion. In policy, it is a great point to gain time. To disarm perties who are ready for the attack—to oblige them to come forward and plead their cause before a court of arbitration, is to assure the maintenance of peace and the triumph of the great principles of humanity and civilization, which ought to be the supreme law of the preeent epoch. ' The reunion of the Congress will also put an end, it is to be hoped, to that show of military preparations and that intenge agitation which have been’ produced in our peace- fal Germany. We have another question before us, which is far more important for us than the Italian Duchies—that is, the German Duchies on the Elbe; which is really a true German and national question. It touches not only the rights and integrity of Germany, but also its honor and authority. In this question noGerman State can possibiy, on the plea of neutrality, abstain from joining the others, Prueeia will not fail in what is her duty. We shall see if Austria is really as much German ag she has of late pre- tended to be. To return to the question of the Congress it appears in the political regions that Austria has con- sented to the reunion of the Congress, and to the discus- sion of her particular treaties. Engaged within certain limits on diplomatic grounds, the Italian question would have some difficulty to quiet it; and that is for us a certain guarantee of success. ‘The Paris Press on the Monroe Doctrine. The Cumstitutionnel of the 11th ultimo takes occasion, in referring to the last Presidential message, to insinuate thatthe Monroe doctrine is little to be feared, since it is difficult for the President to obtain from Congress even the means of defending the honor of the United States abroad and their national interests, After stating that the Senate refuged to grant an increase of the army to act inst the Mormons, and that it required five years to or- gan'ze an expeaition against Paraguay, where the Ameri- can flag had been insulted, our French’ contemy Te. marks that France and England have already obtained reparation from Mexico, while the great American re- public has not as yet been able to obtain justice for its itizens who were outraged there. Is it not humiliating, the Constitutionnel, for that id who ightily offer to buy Cubs, to see ives distanced by Spain hereelf in a question of national honor and with a ore £0 feeble as Mexico? ‘e are right, then, in saying that the Monroe doctrine, which promises the whole American continent to the citi- zens of the republic, is not go terrible as it has been repre- sented. It is difficult to perceive how the United States can apply it, notwithstanding their avowed tendencies. It is not to be presumed that they want to alter their con- stitution, in order to invest the Premdent with the power of making war. Nor will Congress, contrary to its tradi- tional distrust, be willing to grant fo the President an in- crease of the federal forces, and the authority to use them abroad. If neither of these things can be done, we do not perceive how the republic can think of putting’ into prac- Uce the Monroe doctrine, unless it be by the aid of the ighty dollar and the chivalry of the filibusters. pismnchcrahcemeani. itera. American Bible Society. The stated meeting of the managers was held at the Bible House, Astor place, on Thursday, the 7th inst., at half-past four o’clock P. M.—Hon. Luther Bradish in the chair, assisted by Wm. B. Crosby, Benjamin L. Swan, Francis s Hall and Peletiah Perit, Exquires, Vice Presidents. e iptures were read and er offered by Right Rev. Dr. Lee, of Delaware. Sate if Seventeen new auxiliaries were recogni: three Obio, seven in Missouri, one in Nebraska, rs, Tennes- see, two in Kansas, one in Illinois, and one in Vermont. Communications were presented from agents, showing the progress of the work at home in distributing the Holy Seriptures, particularly in California, Oregon ‘ant from Rey. Dr. Worcester, Cherokee Nation, his serious illness, referring ‘also to the completion of the Cherokee Ter it, now aay finished, which he has long been engaged in preparing fo1 Dr. Monod, Paris, acknowledgin receipt of $4,000, granted from this society for printing the Scriptures in France; from Rev. Isaac G. Bliss, in regard ppempleriog colporteurs in Turkey ana Bal i; Rev. F. Doty, Amoy, remitting funds received at his mis- sion for publishing the Holy Scriptures; from Rev. J. G. icken, Germany, asking farther’ aid for distri- buting the Scriptures in that country; from Rev. John Fawards Wheelock, sending ""Thosa dollars from Indians of Choctaw Nation towards the Bible cause; from Rev. E. Dodd, Smyrna, asking ald to open @ Bible deporitory in that city; tram Rey. A. J. D, beg Madeira, asking ® grant of books for that island; from Mr. P. R, Hunt, Madras, rending account of funds disbursed at that mission on account of this Society, and in regard fri wore acoosat of he prempest os apie aertoetion 801 i © prospect ible and the effect of the late treaiy, : Grants were made of books to Leavenworth Bible So- ciety for supply, of emigrants to Pike’s Peak, under di- foun of Mr. Campbell, the society's for Kansas; to the American Sunday Schoo! Union; German Bibles and Testaments to the Methodist Kook ‘Concern, Cincinnatt; French Bibles for Point a Pitre, W. 1; and forty-two yolumes for the blind. Altogether 10,480 volumes, in different languages, were granted, and $100 in funds, to establish a depository at Smyrna, Enoch 1. Fancher, Esq., was elected a manager in place of Mr. Perit, recently made Vice President of this Society. Among thé interesting incidents of this meeting was tho presentation of the portrait of the late vencrable Dr. Jas. finor, from his estimable widow, and an excellent pho- tographic likeness of Hon. Wm, Jay, late a vice presi- dent, from hie son, Jobn Jay, Esq. At this meeting the Inst report of the society's year was presented, which wae highly gatisfactory, and, indeed, unexpectedly encouraging. IMPORTANT MANIFESTO, RELIGIOUS TRAINIHG OF AMERICAN YOUTH, Social, Educational, Benevolent and Relt- gious Institutions of the United States, from a Catholic Point of View—Letter from the Archbishop of Cincinnati, and Petition of the Archbishop of New York. PASTORAL LETTER ON THE DECREES OF THR SECOND PROVINCIAL COUNCIL OF CINCINNATI, BY THE MOST REV. J. Be PUKCELL, D.D., ARCHBISHOP OF CIN- CINNATI. JOHN BAPTIST, BY THE GRACE OF GOD AND FAVOR OF THE APOSTOLIC SEE, ARCHEISHOP OF CINCINNATI, TO THE CLERGY AND LAITY OF OUR DIOCESE, ‘THE FATHER, AND THE SON AND THE HOLY GHOST, AMEN, VENERABLE MRETHREN OF THE CLERGY, AND BaLovep CulL- DREN O¥ THE LAITY :— Our present most gracious Father in God, Pius the Ninth, the Vicar of our Lord Jeaus Christ in the govern- ment of the Universal church, having ordered a decree to |. be issued on the 10th of last November, approbatory of the acts and decrees of the Second Provincia! Council of Cincinnati, which had been previously submitted to the examination and judgmeut of the Sacred Congregation of the Propagation of the Faith, it becomes our duty to pro- mulgate them as, henceforth, an integral portion of the laws of this ecclesiastical province, . In the letter of instructions covering the deerce, the Cardinal Prefect directs that the symbol of faith, which he doubts not was professed in conformity with laudable usage by the fathers of the Counci!, and which they should be ready to affirm and defend even to the shedding of their blood, should be published with the acta. This profession of faith was made by all the Bishops, in the last or in former Councils, and it was published among the acts of the Council of 1855. We shail solemnly repeat it, as such is the will of Rome, in ail the future Councils at which God may permit ue to assemble; for, to use the language of the Anglo-Saxon Apostic of Germany, St. Boniface, “We have decreed and confessed that we will maintain the Catholic faith and unity, and subjection to tho Ro man church, to the end of our hyes.”” With that great missionary we profess ourselves *‘ ready to die, if God so will, for the holy laws of our fathers, that we may share with them the heavenly inheritauce;”? aud with him does every prelate of this province rejoice w eign himself “« Bishop and disciple of the Roman church.” (ip. 91. 105 and 44.) With the Apostle of Ireland, St, Patrick (vid. Spicilegium Dacherii), we say, * if questions ariee, let them be referred to Rome.” With St. Jerome, we pro: fess ‘ that only in that ark is ealvation, and that whoe eats the Paschal lamb out of that house is profane.” Finally, we believe with St, Beroard, and in his words addres the Pope, saying: * You are a great pricst, a great Pontiff; you are the prince of bishops; you are ihe heir of the Apostles; in primacy, you are Abel; in govern- ment, Noah; in patriarchate, Abraham; in order, Mel- chigedech; in dignity, Aaron; in arthority, Moses; in'jaris- diction, Samuel; in power, Peter; and in unction, Christ.” (Lib. de Consid:) Wo ueed not offer any apology for using this strong language, in speaking of the Roman See and faith, sinc that was stronger which was used by Christ when he said to the first Pope, “Thou art Peter, and on this Rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not pre- vail against it; and I will give to thee the keys of the king- dom of Heaven; feed my lambs; feed my sheep; I have prayed for thee that thy faith may never fail; confirm thy rethren.”” To all of which the Holy Ghost addg, in the Acts of the Apostles, what was not said of another; tbat the sick were laid by the wayside, that Peter’s shadow may fall upon and cure them. We wonder, then, how it could have been gaid, and eaid on the pretended authority of @ venerable name, and said without a cry of remon Strance and of indignation from the Catholic heart of the United States, that we were here in some nameless, but peculiar. danger of severance from the centre of Catholic Unity. Wemay, it is true—and the confession is humiliat- ing—be in danger of this great evil, as we are of every other while we are wayfarers in a world of error and sin; but if ever there was a nation, or an Episcopate, that was de? voted to the chair and the person of Peter, in his successor in the See of Rome, that nation is the United States, that Fj pate is ours, Ip all our councils we bave asserted this devotion by our acts. We have availed ourselves of every opportunity that was afforded us, in timos past, to fend our future priests and bishops to be edncated’ in Rome. We have ielded to none in sympathy with the Hoty Father in exile. We were among the foremost in encouraging and applauding when there was quettion of crowning the Immaculate, And it is a fact as honorable to us as it is well known to the world, that an American prelate scarcely feels bimself to be a bishop until, like St. Paul, he has gone up to Rome to commune with Peter; until he has knelt at the shrine of the oly Apostles and heard the paternal coungel, and received the biessivg of the Supreme Pontiff—an earnest of the guidance of the Holy Spirit, and of the benizon of Christ on his Apostolate. Educated in such principles, and true to such traditions, we should lose our reagon before wo lost our faith or turned schismatics. We are, therefore, and God go_helping, we shall ever be, upited in communion with his Holiness. Tt is not to detine the faith, or to sottle controversies concerning it, that Provincial synods ure assembled. Their object is rather to safeguard the faith, to illustrate and adorn it by Christian digcipline, to promota education, to provide for the poor and the orphan, and to establish pure and elevated morality in the souls of the clergy and the faithful, tor whom they legislate. Much of the good that has been accomplished by the American Church, which counts but sixty-nmo years since the consecration of her first bishop, must be attributed to the wiso and officient action of Provincial councils, By them, still more than by increased facilities for travel, have ye been drawn daily nearer to Rome By them we have been preserved from abuses which have imperiled the faich and obscured the glory of some dioceses, at least, of other Catholic nations; and by them has the uniformity of discipline and the unity of spirit, which the apostle designates as the bbe “ep Peace, been made to distinguish our clergy and The first decree of the Second Provincial Coxeil of Cin- cinpati enjoins the observance of the decrees of the First bape 4 Council of this city and of the Plenary and other councile held in Baltimore, while the bishops of this province were its suffragans. These, with the decrees of our Second Provincial Synod, are therefore a portion of the canon law of this diocese, and as euch to be faith- fully observed. Every pastor of souls should fvel it to be his duty to have u copy of them, to read it frequently, and make the enactments that concern them the subject of inetruction to the congregation. The cavgo of education must ever enlist the sympathies and excite the lively solicitude of every order Pf the cler- gy, as well as of the parents and friends of youth. It ‘Was the proud boast of the citizen of this State, who labored more than any other to obtain legislation to establish and endow the coinmon schools, that when they Were once in successful operation, the criminal statutes Would be a dead letter. Thore would be no more offences against morality, law or order. Never was any man more implicitly believed. Never were heavier pecuniary sacrifices im) by the Legislature or submitted to by the people, than in the vain attempt to realize this Utopia. ‘The system has had a fair trial for considerably more than a quarter of a century, in this, and in other States of the Union. Bot what is the result? Are crimes diminished? Are they committed, especially in their most aggravated form only, or mainly by the uneducated? The answer to to this question is returned to us from the Senate Chamber, the hotel dining room, the streets of Washington, the offices of State and county treasuries, the counters an yg Savoy boon, the jail and the jury room of Hawesville, Ky. without religion; is ‘not at & or only a4 a The band and the heart must be educated, as well as the mind. Domestic education and the good example of pa- rents must be added to the instruction of the school room. The injustice of taxing Catholics to suj from which they derive no benefit must cease, and. the use of their own money be allowed them to educate their own children. Or, if this cannot be, the common schools should be Placed on such a basis as that Catholics may profit by them without the sacrifice of faith. Their the work of God, the religion Islam, and barbarism, must not be reviled as an a; f while sects that sanction divorce, and deny the future pu ‘4 ment of the wicked, and lessen truths” the mott esse tial, and books that teach open and shameless immorality, recetve the suffrages of the majority, and are commended to the confidence and admiration of the . ‘We are not so unwise as to think, 80 unjust as to say, Catholics have not to_anewer for their fall share o: the depravity we deplore. Let the Church and the Stato, Jet Catholics and Protestants do what they may to arrest the torrent cf evil, it will never wholly cease to flow; for, while there are men there will be vices. But we seck to control this torrent, to confine it to narrower limits, to lessen the volume of ite waters, and preserve those por- tions cf society which it has not yet invaded, from the in- undation. ee citizens will let us have ee bat is the di ity of Catholics with regard Now, wi lnty of lics to right education of youth? big in the firat place, they must teach them the catechism, or send them where they will learn it—to the Catholic to ive hove ai re Sg oe who will Pos} suffer , boys iris, exposed to ere pro us, unrestricted intercourse in oy ene ‘school room and Playgrounds and evening parties, where the passions are prematurely developed, and religion and reason hold no control. They must interdict the demoral- izing reading of romances and novels, not to spevk of other works of @ still more fatal description. And instead of those they must furnish them with only such instructions as will ex] to them the end for which they were hour] and duties which they must fulfil as men ing teachers, the fathers of the dressed a letter to the Sovere! Pontiff, beseeching him to use his high influence with the Superior of the Brothers of the Christian echools in France to induce him to found » training school for teachers in this province. The Hol; Father has already deigned to comply with our request, and the answer of the Superior of the Christian Schoo! Brothers, which bas just been received, bids us bope that nF object of this Council's legigiation will roon be r . ‘The idienees of boys when they leave school—an idle- | ness which fs often not wilful, bur compulsory—idle be- cauge. unable to fiad agything to do—we as one of the most fruitful sources of vice, and one of the greatest evils of society. /t is such am evil that we look on the mili- | tary despotisms of Europe, which take young men from their GRACK, HEALTH AND YRACK FROM | Families or ihe séreets for &termof years and compel them to serve in Mhearmy, at a comparative blessing. In the service they acquire bavits of obedience to euperiors, cleanliness regularity and order. In our large cities hundreds of boys and young men are wasting energies which they are ADxious to devote to the conquest of a respectable position in society, aud therefore to the public good; but the: know not what to do—they are idle ‘because no man b hired them.” This is no false excuse. We have repoat- edly tried to have virtuous and industrious boys placed where they could learn trades, or be otherwise usefully employed, and could not. If we leave them unoccupied, they will’ cease to be virtuous, Is there, then, no re: source but to make prisoners of them?—to incarcerate them, with others like themselves, in a house of refuge? We think there is,and that itcan be found in parenw’ tting their boys to. work when they can, and in Catholic inunities establishing workshops and icultural ools, such a8 are now used with such ry re- suits in Catholic France and England. Fad we the means, personal and material, we should commence one without delay, We commend the project to the zeal of our be- loved clergy. On the duty of providing for the education of a pious and learned clergy we have already spoken. Our dioce- ean and the provincial seminary fills our heart with joy and hope, It realizes all that we bad expected. ‘The pro- feesors are pious, devoted and learned; the students dili- gent, obedient and fervent; the facilities for instruction in ail the branches of eacred and secular learning exten- tive, the situation healthy, the results which have been already obtained encouraging. An ungrudging and geno- rons support by the reverend clergy aad their congrega- tions is all that is wanting. Not in all, but in some in- stances, bas this been withheld, We wish the annual col- lection for this purpose to be made in every church, in future, on the game Gay—Whiteunday, The Holy Father hag recommended the establishment of a college in Rome for the education of American clergy- men, Similar colleges have been founded in the Eternal City for England, Ireland, Scotland, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, and the Propaganda, chielly ’ for the ’ Orientalists. In a letter ad- dressed to ug by the Cardinal Perfect we were informed that the Sovereign Pontiff, whose heart glows with apos- tolic charity, has presented to the bishops of the United States a large apd convenient edifice, with an elegant church attached to it, that students chosen by them may there be formed under the eyes of the Holy Father, in soundness of life and of doctrine, for the sublime fanctions of the priesthood of Jesus Christ. Nothing, therefore,” the document justly states, ‘is more worthy of the bishops of the United States than to perfect the work of which the Bishop of the Queen City of the Christian world has laid the foundation. Nor is it doubted but that American Ca- tholics will generously extend their hands to endow an in- stitution from which the American name wil! derive great glory, and by which the Catholic religion and faith will be £0 much illu ted and increased in the United States.’ ‘The Holy Father evidently has his heart in this great work. He loves our country; he seeks to confer upon it the greatest of blessings. ‘The Catholics of the diocese of Cincinnati will, we are sure, make a noble response to the appeal of the chief Bishop. ‘We would fain hope that they will not be surpassed by their brethren in the dioceses of Boston, New York, Baltimore and Louisville, where col- lect'ons have already been made for the American College. We earnestly commend it to their piety and zeal, and ap point the Sunday within the Octavo of all Saints for the collection, Let no one be found unprepared on that day. And we shall receive with gratitude private contributions which sball be sent us in the meantime, and faithfully preserve the names of benefactors to be forever prayed for by the priests of this diocese educated abroad and at home. ‘The subject of secret societies was not mentioned in the Council. The spiritand legislation of the Church concern- ing them were too weli known. But the recent introduc- tion of a new order of this description in our midst, and the questions that have been asked us, do not permit us to be silent. All secret societies are disapproved, many of them condemned by name, by the Church. In a free country like this there is no necessity for concealment. They whose deeds are evil love darkness. They whose deeés are good need not fear the light. Especially is it preposterous and unnecessary to make those, societies zecret whose professed object is benevolence. ides, it is irreverent, it 18 profane, it is taking the name of God in vain, to appeal to the Divine Being by an oath that ono will keep that secret of which, when he swears, he is totally ignorant. Cathclios tieed not to join any of these societies for opportunities to practice the virtues of cha- rity or philanthropy. We have abundant facilities for such objects in aseociations which have been blessed by the Church. Those to which we object are never joined by Catholics until they have neglected attentanco at church on Sundays and festivals—neglected Catholic in- struction and the Sacraments. We have no doubt that there are many men of moral and social virtues in the ranks of some of the secret socie- ties. We eek not to impeach their lives or their inten- tions. Buta Catholic was not baptised in them or for them. His first allegiance is to the Church. And if he forsakes her communion for their membership, the ridi- culous ceremonies said to be enacted at his initiation, a funeral with music, at which evil spirits may be supposed to be dancing, will be a poor amends for the loss of his eoul. It was only on last Sunday that we had one of those noisy funerals, The man who was s0 buried had renounced Od Fellowship. he died as Catholics who be- long to such societies sometimes do, of delirium tremens, but be had lucid intervals from Sunday to Tuesday, dur- ing which he was recouciied to the Church and received the last sacraments at the Hospital for the Insane, at Mount ope, near Baltimore. ‘At the prayer of the Council the Holy Father has been pleased to extend the permission to eat flesh meat on Sa- turdays to the year 1870, and the clergy of this province, to promote devotion for the relief of the souls in purgato- Wy are allowed to Le ae sing masses of requiem twice in the month, even on ters to which the decrees of the Council refer, but which will be more appropriately embraced in Diocesan statates. ‘We conclude, beloved brethren and children in God, by bsaabes | allto increased fidelity and fervor in the dis- charge of the duties of their respective stateg in life and the practice of the Christian virtues. Let us first seek, in spirit and in truth, the sanctification of our own souls; and ceage not to pray for the removal of all scandals of clergy or people from the church, and the conversion of the in- numerabie souls which Satan holds bound at his will in the melancholy bondage of error and sin. Given at Cincinnati, on Ash Wednesday, 1859. 7 J. B. PURCELL, Archbishop of Cincinnati, Petition of Archbishop Hughes and 2,144 Catholics of (New York, to the Board of Almshouse Governors. At the last meeting of the Board of Ten Governors Go- vernor Townsend pregented the foltowing:— Ed OF THE ALMSHOUSE IN THE Crry oF NEw YORK:— . The undersigned, residents of the city of New York, composing @ portion of your constituents and of the tax- payers of said city, having come to the knowl of the facts hereinafter mentioned, feel called upon by a con- trolling sense of duty to recall and represent to your ho- norable body— That when children are committed to institutions by the public authorities, to be maintained and educated, the governors of such institutions are substituted tor the de- ceased or impoverished parents of these unfortunate chil- dren, and assume and hold in their piace a solemn and sacred trust, to the full and faithful performance of which their reputation as men and their consciences as Christians are pledged, and that the obligation thus incurred consists in doing unto these little ones as would have been the duty of their parents, had they been living or able them- selves, to instruct them. ‘That it is an admitted duty of guardians, whethor natu- ral or appointed by law, to combine with the inteilectunl education of the children entrusted to their custody and care, a religious training. ‘That in this community there is a large number of resi- dents and citizens upon whom the principles and teachings of their religion, and their conscientious convictions, im- pose and enforce the pious and continuing duty of educat- ing their offspring in the faith of thelr fe and of bringing them up, as they themselves have been broaght up, in the service of God. That many children, of parents of a like belief with these residents and citizens, are, from painful causes, which neither the undersigned nor the public control, to be at all times found within the institutions on Randall's Isiand, under the charge of your honorable body. ‘That such children are not permitted, except at insufl- cient and unsatisfactory intervals, to receive such reli- gious teachings as their parents, if present, would impart or ‘ove; but, on the contrary, they are compelled. to ro. cefve instruction from teachers of another rel! 1s belief, and are impressed with peculiar principles and doctrines which their ancestors looked upon as unsound and untrue, and which their parents neither believed in nor coun: ‘ime undersigned respectfully, Dut f un fully, but firm'y, remonstrate against the continuance of this course, and cabait tee it ig against the theory under which the law givers have on- trusted such children to the custody and control of your honorable body, and is violative of the very principle which authorises the substitution of a public guardian in the place of a parent. ‘The undersigned, therefore, would most urgently re- quest that a change in the above course be spocdily adopted, and that such arrangement be made by your honorable body as will afford to each child in the above mentioned institutions, whatever be his religion, such ro- ligious instruction and training as he would have enjoyed had the supervision and care of his parenta been youch- eafed to him, #0 that he will not be faced by blic autho- rities in this important and vital point of insteuction in a lower or worse position than is occupied uy those who are blessed with the means and opportunity of being instruct- ed in their faith in the house of their parents. And tho undersigned will ever pray, &0. ‘JOHN HUGHES, Archbishop of New York. JOHN KELLY, RICHARD B, CONNOLLY, And 2, 144 New Yorn, Nov. 23, 1858,” Governor Townsend’ presented the following, which, with the foregoing, were laid on the table and ordered to be printed in the proceedings:— Rep Tyee ship appel ining to reli- ‘the footing of equal’ consideration and giouseociety, or of As peeraion Ca hy Og Tes ‘ol nd instruction shall be conducted in such ot the pend rovisions as shall be deat, by th Yiene of the children, es 7 (He Parents or guar SE -” A Srnike AND A Rror 1x Prrrsnurc,—A occurred at the coal works of Messrs, Builoy, {idtentty Co., South Pittsburg, on ieee, beds ge in a strike. wages last wook, being refused they quit work and were paid off, nn ber of new hands were at the terms offered the ‘old ones, and on Monday the latter repaired to the works ys a Fo one ef beg vd two bodies, ending inn general row, Eleven rotors wi — Piuderg Pott, Apri. eid uble Feasts. We omit other mat. | AFFAIRS IN CUBA AND PORTO RICO Cuba a Part of the Appanage of the Spanish Crown—The Cuba Question in the Spanish Cortes—Sentence of an American Captain in Porto Rico, &e., &e. OUR HAVANA CORRESPONDENCE. Havana, March 80, 1859. The Sovereignty of Cuba ina Legal Point of View—It Re- sides Only in the Crown—The Cortes and Ministers of Spain have no Jurisdiction Over it—Historical Proofs, dc. Since the declaration made by the Spanish Cortes—as well as previous to the ‘never, never,” which it com- tains—the journals of the United States, and those of Spain. and France, have been and are still occupied in discussing the possibility, and even the legality of the sale of Cuba; and the idea of this same legality is yet persisted in om the part of the authors of the idea. We, who have also raiged our voice on this question, now propose to examine and explain it, under the agpect of its proper and rigorous legality—leaving aside the ‘ possible,” which is never excluded, and which is never more likely to come in ques- tion than when treating of negotiations with a court like that of Madrid, If the government of Spain or its Chambers possessed. the rights of a contracting party in the “‘purchass and salo”” which is treated of, they could assert the unrealiza- ble character of the negotiations, its difficulties, or its great cost, because the interested parties who would have to be satisiled would be many. But, unfortunately for the mivisterial speoulators of that Court, neither the Procu- radoras, nor the Deputies, nor Gederal O’Donuell, nor Donna Manuela, his wife, are those who have the power of determining the sale. The patrimony of the Crown and. the public treasury have been separate in Spain ever ce when its kings and their conquests absorbed the and that which — belo1 to the patri- mony has never been united nor confounded with that which appertains to the State. This separation and division have been much more marked and more re- #pected since the adoption of constitutional forms made them necessary and indespensable. But the regalia of the royal patrimony has been preserved much more intact,, and been much more respected in America, than in Spain; and both in Spain and in America special judges have been charged with its preservation. If, notwithstanding this, the rights of the royal patrimo- ny bave been sometimes in America confounded with those of the State, attributing to the latter power over the for- mer, it is owing, without doubt, to the despotic form un- der which the colonies have been governed. The pre-emi- pence of the crown over the pacilic soil of America began. with the very project of discovery by Columbus. The great Queen—whose history has been best written by a bistorian who rivals Tacitus and Robe jefrayed. the expenses of the first es, of Columbus with money drawn from the rabbis 080 days, only by pledging her own jewels and her own clothes; and a modern writer bas put the energetic phrase into the mouth of the second Teabella, that she would not only pledge her jewols and her clothes, but would even sell them, were it necessary to preserve her precious isle, Thus, im the very history of the discovery, are rooted the rights of the crown to exclusive sovereignty over the Spanish American soil. And so careful have been the kings, guc- cessors of Isabella the Catholic, in always sustaining it im all its integrity, that in many laws of the Code entitled Recopitacion de’ Indias, the principle is laid down that. the dominion of all the fands of America belongs to the yyal patrimony. In the year 1578 bs Lie Second id the fourteenth law, title tweltth, book fourth, Recepilacion de Indias, “We having inherited entirely the seigniory of the Indies, and belonging to our pa:rimo- ny and royal crown, the unvccupled grounds, soils and lands which have not been conceded by the Lord’s kings our predecessors, etc.;”” and these rights have always been reasserted by his descendants, as appears in many royal decrees. ¢ right of intervening in the cession of tho island ,of Cuba is not, then, nor can it be, in the Cortes nor in Cabinet of Madrid; and consequently the protests and de- clarations of the Spanish Cortes are groundless and ridicu- Jous. Itis, in our judgment, for this reason that the poesibility of the negotiation is still insisted upon; and it is for this also that the President, in his message, an- nounced the ides of a prepayment. But if the power of transferring Cuba be- Jongs and corsesponds exclusively to the Queen of Spain, it is still important to know the limit which binds this power at the present time. From ancient times, and through voluntary although not aa tous concessions by the predecessors of Isabella the Se- cond, nearly the whole of the superfices of the ieland of Cuba has been se} from the fronted to the inhabitants; grants and transfers which ve been ratified more than once, and in the year 1819 were elevated to the category of irrevocable titles m fee. 3 that the Queen Igabella herself, the only and capable con-| tracting party, cannot goll anything but the seignory o those pieces of land known in the island by the name oi “yealeagos;”’ (royal unappropriated Nanda) that is of those segments between estates granted and fragment coasts and shores not possessed by individuals. What,| then, signify the protests and declarations of th In the face of these observations, what force or wh propriety can the representations of the Cabildos of island of Cuba have against its transfer—unless, indeed ‘hey only desired to imitate the example of Breanus, threw his sword into the je to increase the weight pers Canoe rye the Count who firat ca ceive lea of these derisive representations, 20 thé he might vainglory himself like another Timarchua, # Cretan, ought, also, like him, to suifor his banishment, perchance another Nero governed now in Cuba, leaving | the hope that the time was approaching when ano | Thrasea, who, reminding us of the prohibition of suc false representations, would require a full reparation fi such conduct, OUR PORTO RICO CORRESPONDENCE. San Juan, Porto Rico, March 19, 1859, Fate of the Crew of the Wrecked Slaver—Her Cargo Sold $25 @ Head—Case of Capt. Sheffield of Boston—The A Fray with his Male—Spanish Soldiers—Capt. S Sentenced to Siz Years Imprisonment, dc. Now confined in the spacious and comfortable prigon off this city is the crew of a slave bark, numbering about thirty persons. The bark landed about six hundred h of her cargo at a small town on the island, and was stand- ing in for the land to leave the balance of her stock at another point; but unfortunately for those who were pe- cuniarily interested, she brought up ona reef and was goon after made a prize of by the authorities onshore. The crew of the bark made their escape on shore, but were soon after arrested. The captain has probably made his escape, The officers and crew will unquestionably be liberated in a few days, The bark was towed into this port by a Spanish war steamer, with four hundred negrocs on board. They are being sold, per order of the government, at $25 per head, to serve for the term of six years. None of the blacks that were brought by the bark exceed the age of twenty. five years, except about dozen old women, ' — = lots to got: purchasers, ulm same prison is Henry L. Sheffield, 4 vr Jah of ‘on. ory |, Captain of the B} leld’s first mate, who by the: men of Keen, who is reputed to be a Violently. pagsicenn man, inguited the captain and disregarded his orders un til the captain could not endure Keen’s menacing threat: and wanton audacity any longer; and upon an occasion when Keen was probably contemplating violence to thi captain’s person, the captain seized his sabre and deal his adversary blows, cul head, but not seriously plete. Le! the took down his gun ite contents into q and shoulder of the mate of -the Pras Jaa. of Baltimore, who, together with Keen and seyera others, proposed to despatch the instantly. mate of the Frances Jane was going into his boat, whic! was lying pte the Julia, then at anchor in th: retin aba captain fred at him, The mate is nos Captain Sheffield is a man of good add: beretofore been considered as a worthy ‘okisen "The a fray occurred on the 26th of January last. troops, 1,200 of whom are quartered in this city. Th — Soldier onlists for seven years, and receives $ | “ne mgt and nolan rp” ls ear il fl tr | and m fail bal eo je yield on this island. is now quit years. He cial business, and it is presumed that ‘wealthy. Manca 21, 1859, Captain Sheffield, of the brig Julie, of Boston, seul received his sentence, by a ish court, for the term « fe Tage There will bean appeal mad In the chain gang of this place is an American, from York, He concluded to ts his “‘haod in speculating” ; } forged orders. He drew up an order for s,800, got th money and then attempted to escape, but was’ nabbe: ‘and is now performing involuntary servitude with twent pounds of made fast to his waist and ankle. not entertain Mr Dati, are era ur Mir tS inj of Cuba. President mocha os pA, ea us accusir us arrogance and fickleness, has olen aid ot find it improper fool Laceacnty a thes tt hee {t appears from offici Ly sf tween an absolute and a constitutional mont, the absolute monarch: ‘that ought to have made any ph sraneyre te Preserve Florida, the stitutional monarchy of Isabolia II. is resolved to Serve the island of Cuba. The policy of the federal vernment has always beon to territory by means of purchase; and when this is not ficient, it bas recourse to other insidious means, for wh the thirty millions of dollars placed at the disposal of hanan may also serve, United States say they require the island of Caba, because in of a war there is no nocurity for that coun We, in return, can say that, while Cuba belon a s