The New York Herald Newspaper, January 20, 1857, Page 7

os —_—_——_——— Ousious Mstory ef the Liberian Repwhlic. [¥row ib- Lon-on News Deo. 30) A letter appeared in cur columns on the 26th Jost , signed “a New Eoglander,” which eomaplalnnd representations om ow part In regar the eolovy of Liberia, as an American project, eubra- ing the twofold onjest of ameliorating slave iu- elutution and civilizing Africa. It is not wondect ! that a New Englander ¢hovld be prepossessed in Saver of an enterprise which was honored by Madi- sen belog its firat President and Clay its second, and which bas interested, at one time or another, almost every benevolent man and perplexed politi- cian in the United States. Our correspondeut might have cited many names of greater weight in this country than these of Webster and Everett, as baving hoped great things from the Colo- nization society. Northern politicians who Dave subserved Southern interests at the ex- pense of the republic do not win European approbation to projects headed and worked by South- eru men in the interesta of slavery ut there is a lovg array of greater names than these in the subscription books of tne Colommzation Society, at one date or another. There is scarcely a known abolitionist who did not become sued by a passage through the Colonization Society—by benevolent hepe in the first instance, passing into discourage ment: doubt, and finally ind)gnant contempt. Sach facts a3 we bave room for are these: % The society was first generally heard of in England in 1632, whew a missionary, named Elliot Oresson, eame ever, and lectured froin end w end of the king: dom. His narrative was singularly varied, according to the aol do views of bis audiences; bat the leading points were these. By this society, of which ex-President Madison was then the head, 1¢ was pro- pene to bring slavery to an end m America b sporting negroes in increasing wumbers (; ing to the subscription se) wo the coast of Africa, where they mht civilize the natives, and evangelize the beathen, while providing a natural expiration jor serene in the States. wr. Cresson told of various appropriations made, and expected to be made, by Seate he gislatures, in support of the project; and he press d bome upon his hearers—most emphaticatly when they wee wealthy Quakers—that £7 108. wou'd traneform am American slave, freed for the rp ee, into a free African citizen. Merchant audi- ries were amused with glowing pictures of the vast trade in African products which was at the command Of #il who took a sufficient interest in the colonization schene The religious world was entreated to help th harpy emancipated slaves to make Christians of the Alrican savages. Te lecturer hud success enough te obtain considerable fuuds from British benevo- lence, though he was very prudish about taking movey at all. What has become of their bounty it is for the donors to ascertain. Many a school boy gave his sixpetce—many a child gave its first coin—many @ maid servant her hard earned shilling, to help to send a freed slave to Libeiia. There was good sense enough among us, however, to lead to some awkward questions, which eventually put an end to Mr. @resson’s British travele, at least for that time. It was acked whether this subscribing of £7 108 a head for negroes was not, in fact, a slave trade: and then followed the consideration whether it was certain that the negroes liked to go; whether there was apy right anywhere to transport them, if un- willing, to a barbarous country; whether it was not rather strange to be deporting iaborers in @ very ex: pensive way from the Sonth, while laborers could not flow in fasten ugh at the North; and finally, some rough and simple calculations were made as to the proportion of slaves in the United States and that of immigrants who conld possibly be rece'ved imto any pew settlement in a barbarous country, sup- poring the immigrants to be as well qualitied tor co- nization a8 slaves are pecessarily unfitted for it by all their antecedents. Ina short time @ movement ‘Was made to ascertain the truth of tie case on the other side the water; and the state of things was found to be this, at precisely the halt-way point be- tween the proposa! of the scheme and the present day—that is, mn 1236. : Lecturers and other agents were agitating the pubhe on behalf of the Colonization Society, and their success was cousiderable. At Wasnington it was great. Sermons in aid of the funds were preached im eburches of various denominations, North and South; and Legislatures of both se tions made ap- eae some in favor of Liberia, some of Cape Imas, which were then the two leading districss. Mr. Madison, then wfirm and coufined to his house, where be died in the next Juac, depated such Management as there was to Mr. Clay, then Vice President, and destined to be Mr. Madison's suc- cessor. Mr. Madison said to visiters, and in letters, whatever could be said on behalf of ihe scheme; but his testimony went for nothing when it appeared that he bad just sold twelve of bis ncgroes to new masters. Mr. Clay took the chair at the annual meetings, tulked to every Kuropean he met of the evils of sia very and of the glorious prospect of a riddanoe of it by this society; he was incessantly complaining oj being eaten out of house and howe by hwy slaves, yet he freed none during his life, and by his will se- cored his negroes frou: emancipation for a term longer than, by his own declarations, he believed slavery could last in his country. The provisions of bis celebrated will are —— temembered by oar readers, who may well perplexed by such strin- t arrangements for the protection of slavery in is family by the head patron of the Liberia enter- prise The ‘Colonization Society had tne field to iteelf for fifteen years before the abolitionists arose. ‘With the help of plenty of money, the approbation of Congress and State Legislatures, the pulpit, th press, and a strong ocrsonal interes’ on the part of all slavebolders, what haa it achieved in twenty years’ In 1836 the annual increase of the slave re jon was, by the lowest computation, 69,000. an nual number sent to Africa by the Colonization Se ciety was something inappreciable in comparison, for the total number removed in the twenty years was un- der three thousand. When the President of the society was ease —_— he always said the society hoped in a fey years to carry away the annual increase—that aunual increase being then more than twenty times as man: had been removed from the bginning. ‘hen asked whether the whole disposable marine of the country would carry away the annual increase as it would’ be by that time, he could only shullle away from the point. The great complaint of slave holders at that time was the advantage th: North evjoyed in its supply of labor ; and this wae the first objection they always e to emancipa- tion--taking tor granted that abolition must deprive them of their laborers. When urgea by the ques tion—why then they prop ed to deport their slaves to africa, they had no reply bat the true one—that they sent away none but those whom they could re. This was exceedingly true. They sent away thoee negroes who were expensive from mcompeten- oy, or ¢i rous from ability and restlessness. “We have our slaves, and we mean to keep them,” was the ordinary avowal in the South; but, when the Colonization Socieiy was in qoestion,thisdeclaration was dropped, and some fature transference of the en- tire colored race to Airica was spoken of asa feasible thing. The fact was thas tne profitable slaves were kep , and the troublesome slaves sent away. What numbers remained unaccounted for in this way were mainly dove to bequests from pe-sons who could spare their slaves after they were dead, bat not be- fore. Our readers need not be told that since that time the world’s shipping has not been going to and tro, like buckets in a weli, carrying white laborers to America, and deporting black laborers from it ‘The South admits no whive Inborers; and it is so far from being able to spare the black that a scheme of reopening the Afnecan slave trade is actaally dis enssed by the press aud the ralers of the land. As for the New Bogiander’s plea that the scheme is for the elevation of the free colored race, the free men of color do nut #0 regard it. They refuse to go, urgent as have been the means of all kinds used to induce or compel them. They say at ar Americans, and do not choose to be exiled to Atrica. They prefer a rising social position in the republic in which they were born, to boing set down among savage tribes ina barbarous country. They are in an improving condition at home, and they mean to remain there; and if they did remove, it would not be to Africa. if the New Hoglander wishes to know the real state of the case as to num- ders, he must remember that there are two sides to the fact. He would do well to learn that has beeome, at ‘the years end, of emy enmmal shipment from the States to Liberia; how many of the enforced pasaengers have efficted their escape from Liberia on the first opportundiy: how many ¢ the ignorant, lazy, and degraded negrocs have sunk intoa barbarism greater than thal ef the native tribes; how many of a better sort have died of the diseases of the country, or of biart break: what proportion, in short, the living and tartving Ps py tion of thore African setdements bears to exe isting slave ulation of the United States. No culogist settlements will protend th) they have bronght wearer the day when the colored race are “to find their pea exit from slavery.” The New Hnglander picads that “it is still the day of small things with the eause.” If it is so at the ond of forty vears, during which the evil it pretends to meet has virtually revolutionized the country,.one may ask when the day of large things is tocome. Inthe | nited States one seldom now hears any reference to the colonization scheme: and the peopke in our country are beginning to know the reason why. ‘The only interest which to an institation ae powerless and nearly forgotton is, that it may act ae an obstriction at a time when itis highly destrable that the way should be clear; and = that it may be turned to evil pu in case any practical attempt to revive the slave trade. Whether that attempt shonld he made or not, we whail some day resent 8 view of the other aspect— the African—of the colonization scheme. Few readers who know anything ef the difficuity of successful colonizing, with the best materials, will expect to hear any of a settlement of Poriahs on # eavage shore. If slaves are not admitted to he thorongbly human in Virginia, they are not exactly the agenta to make Liberia the flourishing Christian republic that the New Englander declares it to be. A tocvinnt it on ite way to Bagiond from I. NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, JAN@ARY 20, 1857. ony glee it iat scaly he. Tik we oan ent it we ean only prepare ail who feel interest- | ba ia the subject for # painful dteclosus: vice and misery which it might make the ne old Madison turn in his grave to tenanced or hei to create. The @isctosure is an | act of great courage, for every obstacle haa been thrown ip the way of it; bat the American press has got bold of it, avd the result is seeure. Meantime, we repeat ‘tbat at a period when the toue of Ddoastin trod i. higher than it * mom wt was ascertained that. the most presperous bra: em: ployment at Monrovia was iorging Pepe the alave trade cn the parts of the coast which commu- nicated with Liberia. For the rest—the ravage by war and sickness, the misery from vice, want, and the oppression of the helpless by the lazy and pro- tected, is another ins‘ance of failure, or worse, to be adde@ to the long list of unhappy cases of ignorant colonization. Any rational man, cognisant of the facta, would know betorehand that it must be #0. Documents of the highest authority, published in the United States, have shown the world that it is 50. Our Philadelphia Correspondence. PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 18, 1957. Fei ities in Philadelphia—Mr. Peabody and Pennsylvania Bonds—Forney and his Ohances Sor @ Cabinet Place. The Philadelphians are a social people, and I have no doubt but their socialities will have some good results that they at firet did not contemplate. Last evening I had the pleasure of attending a “reception,” given by Mr. Allibone, President of the Merchants’ Bank, to Mr. George Peabody. There were present many persons from different parts of the State, and the United Staces; men il- Instrious in Jaw, finance, literature and political econcmy. I cannot name half the xotabilities who were there. Judge Conrad, hea of Philadel- phia, the President of the Philadelphia State ‘evate, the presiding officers of many of the lead- ing babks of the State, both in and out of Phitadel- phia; Mr Drexel, the noted banker, who received such large shipments of gold from Cali- fornia; Mr. Grigg, the retired publisher; Henry C. Carey, Beq., the celebrated writer en litical economy; Hon. Marshal P. Wilder, of lassachusetta, President of the United States Agri- cultural Society» Themaa H. Peirce, Esq., of the Boston firm of Peirce & Bacon, owners of the line of Boston and Gatveston packets; Pliny Miles, Bsq., of New York, the post reformer; 8. Austin All bone, Esq., editor of the (to be) famed Biographi- eal Dictionary of living and dead anuthors—now in a gl President of the Girard College, and undreds of others, assembled to welcome the An glo-american bapker, who at this time has a world- wide fame. Mr.Peabody reeeived the congratulations of his friends with his usual grace, and during the evening, while surrounded by twenty or thirty gen- tlemen, many of whom were leading statesmen and fivanciers of Pennsylvania, he told them—in sorrow, Bot ip anger—that be bad a deep hope and wish that Pennsylvania would, ere long, wipe the stain of repudiation from her escutc! » by paying to all her bondholders the back interest on the bonds of 1846. You are aware that the State six per cent bonds of Pennsylvania, dae in 1846, were paid in five per cent bonds; which were to be paid at the pleascre of the State, and that atter adding, not six, but only four and a half per cent to the principal for the time they had run. These bonds, due “‘at pleasure,’’ the State has never been pleased to pay since, and the holders have lost, uot only the one and a half per cent inter- est for several years, but all they depreciated in va- Ine, in consequence of the broken faith of the State; for many were obliged to sell, and the squally credit of the commonwealth frightened many into selling; and under the combined pressure of Phila- delphia shavers, Wall street bears, Sydney Smith aod the repudiating State, a very pretty penny was fleeced from the Pennsylvania. bondholders, who had loaned money to the great Keystone Common- wealth in the days of her need. Now Pennsylvania has got a President of the United States, Pennsylvania produces coal to the tune of forty million dollars worth in a year--about as much as California produces of gold—and what more graceful, more fitting act could the Keystone State do, than respond to the great London bank- er’s suggestion, and pay off her entire indebtedness in full, compound interest at six per cent, giving the sum due to the original bondholders, a3 well as the amount owing to present ones. Mr. | body held. and I believe still holds, four hundred thousand dollars worth of these bonds, and he said | he wished it distinctly understood that he was not pleading for bis own purse, for he pledged his word that every — of back interest that he might re- ceive should be handed as a free gift to some Penn- | giveaia institution, provided the State pani it. | Here now is a chanee for Pennsylvania to distin. | guich itself by doing a goed action, and her present State officers and Legisiature cannot set up the plea of poverty. 1 ‘he excitement smeng Be politicians respecting | Forney’s deteat 18 subsiding. It is now supposed | that Buchanan will send him on a foreign mission. | A fatal objection to his going into the Cabinet, par- | ticularly as Postmaster General, is the fact that | Pennsylvania has furnished the possessor of that of- | fice for the last four years, and neither the State nor the nation considered that the office has been con- , ducted during that time with any particular ability | or fairness. } PaILaverata, Jan. 18, 1857. Fatal Shooting Case. The coroner is investigating the circumstances at | tending the decease of Wm. B. Simons,a student | in this city, from the State of Georgia, who died a | few days since from a pistol shot wound in his arm, | received on the Sd inst., the weapon being in the hand of T. bs. Bryan, a student (rom the same Btate, and a fellow hoarder. They had previously been on iterms. from the fact that Bryan lett the city for home on the evening of the day that the affair occurred, many uppleasant rumors are afloat charg ing him with a maticious design. The only witness | thus far examined was Wm. R. Smyth, of Georgia, who testified as follows :— The deceased and myself were seated in our room, in the boarding house, when T. B. Bryan, a student and room mate, came in, and taking hi pistols from his trunk, took a seat in front of us. We asked him to pnt up his pistols; he said he would not, and at that time, while moving them about they knocked up arms teach other, and one of them went off; the ball tool: effect in Mr. Simons’ arm, and he ex claimed “Tam shot.” Mr. Bryan said he had done it accidentally. Mr. Simons said that he should have Po up the pistols when ordered to doso. Mr. Sryan left the room, and came back again and said to Mr. Simons, who was in bed at the time—‘“I did it accidentally, I want i to forgive me.” He re- mained in the room until 11 o'clock, when he left | t howe at the advice of Prefessor Dangtison, who ave it in consequence of his habits of intexication, nd beeanse be had no prospect of passing the ex- { ooination preparatory to ting. the Sury will meet again om Tuesday evening to | «vatinue the investigation. Railroads Canada Against the United States Shipping Trade [From the London Mr 10 Gazeta, Dec. 30.) The advantages intended to be conferred en the British Celoniat Possessions by the withdrawal ofall , bome interference with the oes! Legislatures are ‘vely to be demonstrated by the action of the Cana- «a government. The United States have per- sisted in refusing to throw xo their coasting trade Britsh ships, by which they seoured the exclu- sive trade ‘© California from American ports, end the exclusive coasting trade on the lakes. Honce American seamers greatly increased as Mi could trade between Chicago, Milwaukie, and ai! the American Porte,to complete their cargoes for Toledo, Cleveland, ané Haffalo, and thence proceed to Canadian ports, or forward by railway to the American A’ ports, thereby catting off tue carrying. trade lg the Bt. lawrence. Phis monopoly | vill no longer exist so exclusively as hitherto, now | that the Grand Trunk Reilway is in connec: Chicago and Milwankic sre tne greet porte forthe ¥ 0 and je are for the | exports of Tilinois, Iowa, ph Vane . During the | feason of — the wheat and flour will be conveyed inthe vessels to Collingwood and | Sarnia, cutting off 5600 miles of dangerous lake navigation. is wil throw a large traffic on the rail to Quote aid Portland, as. the nearest and obeapest route, No vessels over 300 tons, or drawing more than nine foct water, can pass the Welland and St. Lawrence canals, mor is probanle that Lo Canadian — will Dials ly expense in enlargin: naless the United States consort ‘6 place Canadian oni om the same footing of reciprocity ax that accorded £0 the American flag. This point gained, the Ameri- | cans must reduce their tarif on British manufac- Jevied, will command ‘kets of the Westerm States—the extent of territory being too large to be a cordon of House officers. |S aebad 7 innesota fx not yet admitted ax a State, and the territories bordering on Lake Superior are calculated to develope an extensive free trade. Under the pre- tence of Caploring some steamers for the purpose of carver g the lakes. the United States govern- | ment lasi Fy sent round some vessels by the St. Lawrence, but it is well known that hw Aged to be employed revenne cruisers, although by treaty | neither Canada nor America can establish armed vessels on the lakes. Inder these ciroamstances we may safely leave the Canadian government to watch the movements of their neighbors, they having a thorough aporestition of American po- fey, to wh! ie! Mig 4 strange | this great public improvement. To this inflnence may _ Dar avocations, and cultivated taste gave assurance tuat MUNICIPAL AFFA RS. | Interesting Bepert of the Engineer tn Chief om the Centra) Park. THE TAX LEVY FOR 1857. ALDERMANIC STANDING COMMITTEES, &o., &0., ao. BOARD OF ALDERMEN. Tho Board of Aldermen held their sixta regular mort img for this month on Monday nigh'—Alderman Jone Giancy, Chairman. Tho miputs of the previous meeting were read and approved, Petitions frem several persons desiring \o be appointed Commissioners of Deeds were reierred, THE CEMTRAL PARK. Tho [olewing communication was recetved from the Ocentral Park Ocmmissioners, and or tered to be printed: — Omnreas, Pann, Orica ov Excixgan sv Caney, Naw York, Jan, 1, 1867, 'f To the Hon. Fxrwayno Woun and Jousvn 8. Tayiom, &3q., Commissioners of Central Park ;— I bave the hopor w submit berewith the first anaual Tepert of the operations under mv direction, connected with the eying out improvement of the Central Park The circumstances under which these operations have rendered wnem simply prett miaary important as formimg @ basis for © prefeced ‘he report with a brief history of this great public measure from tis concepiion to te present ‘me, spa h«ve added im an aopendix she various aote, ordinances and judicial decisions by #nich the city has seoured poseession of ths property, as matters of rote Tepce BOs otberwise carly acoersihis, and as being of 00 dittle interasi in their conneotion with the sudjoct of ine report, Very reapecifuily, yeur obedient servant, PGBERT L VIELE, Sagiocer in-Chief. REPORT Publio optoion has, within the last few years, been aw kening to & sense of the importaage of open spaces: tor wr and «xercire asa i} the tnbabitenis of all rasioral enjoyments is now regi as 8 great ventor of crime ard vice. Yet it was not until recently that any official step was taken towards providing for the city of New York tuat whioh every clty of Europe Fegards as a public necessity On the 6h day of April 1851, Hon. Am>rose C Kings land, then Mayor of the city, transmitted to tne Board of Aldermen a special mevsage, netting forth the limited ox- tent of the places devoted to the pubho, thetr tascoqaeey to the wants of any olare « f the people, and the acosmity, ‘Doth in a moral and sanitary point of view, of securiog a more extended arca for the parposes of puriic reore- at ‘This message was referred to the Committes on Lands d Plaves, who reported that the subjact bad awakened ap uncommon degre of interest, aod hat they heartily corcurred ip the views of the Mayor. The report indi cated the ground known as Jones’ woods as euliable for tbe required purp ses; and recommerde? the: applica tion be made to the Irgisiature for the passage of an act authorizng the sppomiment of commissioners to tako that property for the use of the city This report paving Deen adopted and orncurred in by the other branch of tbe Common OCounctl, application was in accordance therewith made to ‘he Legisiaiare at its extra session ta fp 1851, andthe act known as the “Jones Wocds Park Lg ‘was parsed by that body on the lith day ef July, The parsage of this act gave rise to discussion re ppt the relative advantager of other pieces of ground for thie purpose, and the Soard of Aldermen adopted, ‘on the fitth day of August, 1861 a resotution appointing & special commtties to examinc and report wkether there ‘Wes Bot within the limite of the city a piece of ground more suitable for tho purpoeo of a public part than that designated in the act then recently pasred by tho Ia. ture. This committee made s lengthy aod detatiod re- rt. setting forth the advast ot the piece of ground ying between Fifth and Eighth avenues, fifty-ninth and 1C6tb etrecte, for the purp ses tdicated, over that known as Jones’ woods, A resoiaion to this effect was passed by the board, spd being concurred io application was made to the Legisiature fer the passage of an actaiho rizipg the appointment of commissioners to esthmate an assessment. tor the purpose of taking the ground referred to for a public park. Accordingly the I-aisiature passed on the 22d of July, 1853, an act for taktog the ground bow known as the Central Park. And on the same da} another ect in reterebce to the Jon Woods Park, im! Jar to the ope proviourly passed, but which had never gone Into eflect, ag the Supreme Conrs refused to appoint Commissioners ep account of material errors in the bill. This act of July 23. 1853, referring to Jones’ woods, was subecquently repealed The Supreme Coart, on she ao- Pheation of tbe Counsel to & e Corporation, appointed, upon the 17th November, 1888, five Commissic nors of Fetimate and Asseesment, to take the lane for the Central Park. There commissioners completed ‘heir labors on the 2d dey of July, 1856, and their report was confirmed on the Sth day of February, 1856. ‘On tho same day the Comptroller communicated to the Com mon Courcil s draft of av ordinance for the payment of the dameges awarded by the comniissioners Dor'ng the period which elapeed beiween the appoint. Mert of the commiesioners and the confirmation of their Teport, eforts were made to reduce the limits of the park. Petitions were sent to the Gommon Counci! 10 that efiect by various persons, whose motivor were a8 numerous as the names appended to the petitions. A committee was appointed to examine ‘the subject, which committee made s minority and m< jerity report. No action, however was taken until tue following year, when the subjoct was revived and « reso- lution ‘i both Boards to petition the Legistatare to cut off a certain pertion of the Park, by which a few Park'in reanty deatroyed. The reroloion was prompUiy ren was promptly yoked by the Mayor, Hon. Ferrando Wood. This woukl feem to have puten end to all open opposition, but a se. cret wilvepoe appears to have been steadily at work, for reasons known only to a few, to retard the progress of Probabiy be ascribed the non-action of the lower House Of the last I¢gisiature upon the very judicious bill which had passed the Henate. In the absence of the ite course of ection, to seek the advice of cor i known eltivens, whose public reputation, peo. their opinion would possess tne force of a clear unbiased Ogment. erdinaly invkations were extended to Washington Irving, George Brascroft, James £, Onarios . Cooley, Briggs, ©. A lana, James Phalen and Stewart Brown, to attend the ye of the Comminsioners, and form « coreulting Loerd the purpose of disoussing 8 lice of Copduct to be pursued, and to cetermipe upon the merite ef ench plans or propositions as might be Iaid before them, with tbe view of a4 ‘& permanent desiga fer the improvement of ibe i's’ There gentiemen met on the 29th of May, 1856, and er- y elect Board ard ganized Irving as President of the . aod a variety of views omitted for sheir consideration. The re sult oF Lheve aeliberations wan the adopti featuren of the dente’ the cxiating Inequalities of sho suri Mt " it been generally conoed any plan not ibe it topography of the ground, would be ipconsistent with correct iccas of patural beauty, an¢ would myolve ap expenditure not commensnrate with any resuaite which rnight bo attained. A thorongh stody of the growed tn its minute dotaile ne Coaearily preceeden the wor) of improvement, and as the Public are to be the foal Jodges of the merite or defects ‘of the plan, they should possess a general Epowletge of there details, in order to dircuss the eubject intelligently. With this view a dercription of the topography and « Pycopris of the physical mvestigations are given, ar af fording the bevt \ilortrations of tne prinetples epov which the contemplated improvements are founded. iyterned dee ot tas permits renge whieh favieas re en throegn Wi county and Now Wngiand into On- nada. The basis rock ts gneiss, except about one mile in Jength at the northern extomity, which i# limestone. ‘The middle sad nortbern portions are h and broken, from the almost constant oul orepping of “ihe rook. ‘The a ‘com pari level. The rook to make tte ap- pearance in bornoed of strect, and ex. tends from that jt te Maphattanyilie, The c'evated Portions: from 7 t0 188 feet above tide ‘water, the 8 being olen deep and the hile Cipttous. 2 okie of the descends ty (4 nas “ J No park, cou, 10 100% strect Bight the Fattery and the cxeenty oe distapeo =pper same from the northern end of the istand. From the western sido te the Hudson river is three quarters of a milo, aed from the eastern side te the Kat river pearlya mile, 1 fe two miles and a bell lore and bail a mile wide, or as from the bowling Green Wo" She Cty Tia, and cow: com: tain 176 acres, tncteding the distribu. ing reaervor (occupying @ nearly con ten!), the gr.and taken for a new reservotr, and the areenal } large aa Byo and seven times equares and Ove Intter: nage are Ove dividing the park tansvorsety. Those ridges S et sen’ Mnuous, but are series of Dinle and vailies. depressions flows into the decper valles, whose 4: stroame Cow Otrectly toto the Fast river, coedutta Into som m Home rise within, others without the limite, and Dave s considerable fail in their course, ina fow cee obstructions to the natural drainage, have tro milion of warty ground stagnant poods, ; several inet . 'y . p pi a ton of Per. position it, te slat which i their tura give mk: vecetation Tho sowtbers por ion tite 4 yee eee] east Glevated = The rocks ‘ard here moro oxpaset 9 G6 fece, and there \p leas vegetation then ta the arrinero eyes A More Cetaied ds scrip: ion of the wpography will tound te ihe semexed reports of ‘of the gen temen to ebarge ct the soveral DuAInAGe This glance at the topox rapny of the park éemmnstrates {We fact tbat» thorough Semeaaee the envire area mart precede avy abempm at improvement ib emDdraces ho remuval of water cow sianding in stagnant deposits We ‘activating ine fow of water from permaomt the direo ng of atl puriace water Into proper els, sod ench -omptioations of ander grouad 8 torongh be area, that the sab. injored by presence of an acduc emovat of moisture Wrnume this the ground, with al! ment that aré oould ra, would romata reak vegetation the pabiio thé GQommis- woaped He minds stoners Whe Maid oyt ine Aq ‘er they passed thover, udter the MpdIVE yn inst a complote synum of sewerags wonld apewer al) sapitery purposes But sewerage ta not ne ceatarily drainage, avd no marier bow perfect thi ved oot, 1 may, acd Htful BoUrce Of prrith Doe The rectangular pian upop whiod the upper portions of the city is laid ov, bes n> reference eltber to the topo- graphy or geology of the gr: Becr eerily oonfor ms b this pian. Proper draiuag in dependent upon botn goaingy and topography. Therefore sowerage le ‘noonswiant «ttn drainage. Tames at what are called * sunken lots,’? am inoy aro e6e0 all Over ‘tbe upper portion of che ofty, will show at ence that the ant Water has noouuet foo dosign is to Oli the lots ben thy are required for nuti¢ing purposes ; bat ‘4 rid of (ne water. which falling on the sar und perhaps & mi'e of peroolates through toil vu) ft meets with an tmpermeable sab- strats, along which it cencends, till it reaches the lowest . ter k vel, Where, if not datned off, fk rr matns to ascend Mery stirection tmto the s per incumbent earth, meeee always cord and damp, and making the locality upbeattby. ‘The experience of the residents at the foot of Murray Bil, wil uncoudt dy contirm this The only remody for the evil ts to maintia tho original water courses wherever they may cxut. as permanent dratos, so built as tc admit of the percolation of water tbrough tho Inter stices of the covering The orainn snould bo excavated to @ firm sobstraiam apd every property owaer com. peiled to construot thas portion of each drain waich may pass through bis prop: ry Tho drainage of the Cuntral Park will necessitate thi iy Mt and the Hast river: and this section will ass Consequence, become the healthiest portion of arooay. ‘The area of the Central Park is embraced in what ie Known as the primary region, ine rocks of which, pos 8 similar characteristica, renders it an cary to develope te gr neral geolngy. A close examin ts loca} details preve ba, the eotutton of knowlecge, bo b in view A correct lersiandivg of these details ts of ereat importance in determining a system of thoreugh draipage, and in the proper jocatton of the roads Be shies the disintegration and decomposition of the minorats hich compose tho rocas furnt+hing the soils of their im mediate hocaltiies, therefore to know these constituents is to know in a great measure the soil. Enough of the geol cy will ve prevented to show the ‘Var ja'ions fn the straia, resulting from faulis, upheavals ‘and otber causes, as well as the no ics marked varia. Mone ip the miveral coustituents. The rechs embraced within the area, are — Firet.—@neies (micaceous gneiss). Second —Mica siate. Third —Grapite m pumerous intrusive veins. Fourth — Dilovial er drift deposita, inctuc ing boulders. Fitth —Sotis dertveo from the decomposition of the gheias ana assocmied rock. Gnaci:sond Mua Slate, ‘The strata of guetss exhibit no uaiformity with regard to to their strike and cin, They show everywhere violent dislocations, ow tho iniresion of va tous velus of ranite. In'some localities they are in a vertical position, or Learly eo, veryime from 80 deg N. W. to 60 de- green 3, tm otbera they vary from 40 degrees to 6u te grees tot Ww wthe SE The prevailing dirco- the strike'2 Dorth-north-east The present porition of the gn¢ies ‘nas apparently been “procuced by two dis Mnct caurce—Dret. a genera! upbeaval of the entire mass, subsequently the-straia bas been iateratly dispacea and contorted by numerous intrusive veins of granite The following area ow of the jooalities woere tho sireta aro cyposcd 10 examination, Illustrating their su Becweep Seventh and Eighth avennes, and Fifty ninth streets, the strixe is north 10 degroes cast ast, ano the dip from 76 degrees to 86 degree! N Between Seventh and Eighth avenues, and Sixty-ne- cond apd Sxty-third st cets, the rock dips at tho surface from 80 degr: Boriheest © perpendicular ably contorted at a depth ol a feet a Seventh avenues, and Sixty-fret ond Sixty second sircets, the strike is north 50 degrees east, the dip is from perpendicular to 80 degrees south- ens! Between Seventh and Eighth avenues, and Sixty-fourth and Sixty fifth street, the strike is north 46 dearoes east, the dip from perpendicular to 60 degrees south- ens On Seventh avenue, between Sixty-fifib and Sixty-sicth streets, the strike is north thirty-five degrees east; the dip, forty Ove degrees northwest. Mincrolegical Character of the Gneiss. Geologists dis\inguish two kinds of gociss—horablendio or syenic gneise, aod micacecns gnoiss proper—the former betpg cbaracterized by leminse and crystalline enticles of hornblende, while in the latter ssales of mica form the stratifying material So far as ¢xamined in the Central Park ali the gneiss aseociakd with comparat! The ditierent varieties of gneiss which are found bere difer chiefly in the quantity and manner of distri. ee the The following varieties have been noted — First —Gray gneiss usually of @ fively granular strue- ture, composed o1 white, ish white or yellowish, white colored je idepar, wb: gray colored quarte, Diack and aay I colored mica dis-eminated in small scale itormly througbout, paraliel to the |tme of strat Scation, snd compect grains of red garnet ex gneian alternates with other varieties of gneiss and wi ‘The shape of the scaice of wica gives character te this mea slate. Intelaminated Onerss. A more or leen granular mixture ot felispar and veloped by wavelike shaped laminec & mica, shoe torming m@brr of h nticular shaped amall bodies. The folospar of this kind of gnetes is usually of Mp pen white o * the grains of quartz are of a dark gray ard brownish hues, Small gratos of magnetite and of garnet jopally intermixed with the above variety. quartz red e their costing ariety Of gneien uous alternation Of grsy and interlaminated gnotss, exbibitirg @ beautiful ribbon like mructare. Tne looality ie between sixth and Seventh avenues, Sixty- first and Sixty third streets, ard between Sevouth and th avenues, Sixty fourth and Sixty sixth streets. paola. terres Ing always the predomipant constituents. Mica slate de- composes very rapidity. forming a loamy soil. Pein tthe Masses of Quarts in Gnetss. Tn many k«aiitios the goei#s contains more or less ot teprive masees of (varia of ® lenticular sbape, thinning radually Out towards the north east ana south woe y are generally parallel to the strike of the strata, oply afew imstarces having been found where such war not the caso, hay egg oe white compact (aarte of s colt bh (Dg Occasionally slightly intermixed with yeilowi#h waite com act feidrpar. Theso lentioutar masres of “oarty from balf an inoh to nearly two tect wive may easily be taken for toirusive veins. Their Inited extent, their conformity with the stripes of the strata, and the fact of their betng occasionally replaced by veins of gran speak strongly to favor of the opi. pion, that they were already formed when the obtrosioa of the pranite took place De.ng co temporancous wita the neies, ‘The veins of rc tneongh the ‘ina in almont v granite par no! dyreotion. nou: fd@ospar, mica and quarts form Some a IC a ‘This te of » Ii, greenieh color, of a bright vitreous Tustre bills aod im tbr aarr+w iuter veping valleys, vary. thicknes 'row « ‘ew iwobes to thirty foot, and ai fordig at verte very pour soil, ‘The mavertal of ibe o7\1t Govateus of gravel, sand and foam throrghont wptch pseoles and bouliers of dille- Tent kip/s cf rocks are distr buted MIpuUely deroriben, Pint. Goetes, mica. tho soil” We mic pte of wawl, tant and Loam, with which pamerous thy agency ol water, uh Boulders, few inches om Yes of trap, gv oa, late, grav Iie. white, gray and red & Os, COMglomer flones and &| trap ‘Tho principal varie ier o trap weted as occurring Im the drite wi ortie soliinety granular mixture oF green ish white colored f. jerper, back ieD aud grocn hornblende, being similar ti uniueral gical obsracier (0 tho dioeite o« curring wt Bergen, New Jorvey, and usually much rounded, Gran Mort of tho granite penmes are similar to (he rook tp | Place, The lotto io varveter, no vover, appear t> have been brought frm « cis anes — a—Ked granits iv amall rounded pebbles of # tsely gravuler cher-cter b—White grapite in pe bbies and boulders eonsteting of free nish colored felorpar of a deli lustre, large grmias of Igbt gray colored quartz and a few scales of mic ‘o—Uirapulite, compored of flesh oolored orthooiase aud eraine of light gras qourtz similar to that occurring in the Higbianas of Now Y rk d—Gray snd greenish gore’ granite ccours in pebbles partly rounced and pariiy avy ular, very rare, Thard—syonnle Compored of gray nue yellows» while colored feldspar, (partly dccompored,) pae gr en, and highly ferrogenoan borabience, @ few preine of gray quartz, ad occasional grins of magactity —\n oomporithon similar to the syenlc Interpored be.ween th» gnete# aud doposite of magnetite tu the Highlands of New York. Fourin— Inerss, Numerous round and par ly avguler pebbles aud bould- ere of micaceous gneier, woh aro ound appear to have originated f) cm tbe r 6 The foilc wing vartiles avery Oreiy granu! emoky colored qnar'z, pa a grains of silvery colored mica, containiog small maases of adularia, Very rare Fifth —Quartz. a—Wbite quartz of a hrigot virrcous lustre, from’seve- ral inohes toreveral cet in oameter. b—Grayieh whue quariz of a dull lustro, in #mati rounded pebbles. c—Fiesh colored xvar'z of a vitreous tustre. . Sixth — Quarizite Consisting of gray quartz ana a few small grains of mica, probably derive) tou a bed of quartaite. Sever th— R-d Uonglomerate, Similar to that cccarriog in Green Pond Moautains, Orange courty, compored of anxular pieces of flesh colored feldspar, aud of light grey aud smoky colored quartz, some of tbo feldspar decomposes tuto s white Kaolin hike emues ng) jarnet Rook Compored of com; ios and imperfect orystals of red garnet slightly juvorvalxed with grains of gray ooiored quarts and dul) white fe idepar Ninth—Sanditone, Of various colors and texturen Tenth Lamestone and Dolomite, Of various shades aod testures from compact wo grapuiar apd sia'ne, similar to tne Trenton and Black river limestoves of the New York eyatem. Blewnth—srydiacious, arrenacious and Ualoarenue States Simi to those of the #adson river group. Trelfh—amyphirerile |, wbich wil be more | flower, very fregran' i) O} w diackish green color, bigaly ferruginous in peb- Dies and boulders. Ail the materials of tho drift aporar to bave beeu trans- ported und acied opup by two currents, one to Hon south 40 degroes east to 40 dogrees east, Other in nearly @ sou'hern direction. The furmer being indicated by ptrise and grooves, the latter by thi and bearir, Dumercus grooves, moro or lees purallel to exch otrer, In & direction north 70 degrees to 40 degrees wot. bave been produced by boaliers moving over the sar. face of the rock polished by the action of cu reut ard drifi. shape of the biile v! drift’ Op the rocks are found they Tn some places the rock is smooth and Of the rocks whieh bave neu described the grey greins is beet adapted for pur poste of construction, owing to ite detg bara, easliy dreered and bus lite allzcted by ex- porure to the atmospiere ‘The mteriamtpated gneise is also a good building stone, Wore Aificve 1 drern ivau the lormer nde of granite deoom «ae too rapidly woen ex The posed, and the mica siste is tially unlit on accoani of its Tepid disinte gratioa Kecagntulation of Minerals found. Firat- Quartz of varicus shaves of white aad grey, as Conetituents of gr¢irs, mice sigio and gravite. d—Feldspar ip two varieties: a—orthocloee, Oovstiivent of gnews, mics state aad grantic; )—oligo: Olase, a8 CocaR ODA! cor stitvent of grauite, Third—Ado'aria ia & boulder of coet-s Fourth— Mica in black colors, in gncies, mica, s'ate and gracice. Fifth—Red garnet, ‘iu compact grams and tn emal — doc ecabe dro: e. ales of very white, brown aod goelss, mica, flute and gran ixtb—Magvetite, in gratos and small masror in granite. Seventh— itlack tourtu! pe, in cueien sod granite, Righth—Chlorite, in gneiss and granite. Niwth—Pbospbate of iron and mungaveso, an alisrod form of tetraphy itoe in feid: par on the line 6 contact be- tween gneiss and a vein of granite Tenth—Labradorite. Hloventh—Pyroxeno. POTANY. Tho dotanical distribution of planis over the auriace of the with the dryness and moisture, as well as the cal apd cb<mical compesritive of the soll. Hence an mate relation exisis between the botany of ary distriot coupITy and its geology and topography: a04, therosore, independently of the climate, certaia ple. Pinced by nature or art, will dourieh or a as the tor re and compgnition of we soil is favor able or vorabie to thelr growth. at ou of 1h, undergoes ceriain movitications cmneoted whether ‘A botanical survey ol the Park has been rade for the Purpose of ascertaining the nature of the existing vegeta. Yon, to earn how far it could be made available in the projected improvements, as well as to know lis charao- ter,as an indication of what pecoliar class of planta would Prove mort flourishing if tra: splanted to toils ground, as Also to discover what alterations the soll would require \ of an increased variety. Davis of a botaniwal Index, which caa tn order to adi bi complete by a careful registor of the treavecd Thie thyestigation has not extended throvgh all the seasons whied, in thelr turn, develope their peculiai respi ots, Incomplete: slirubs are concerned, \t ia belleved that nove ba\ everiooked. Aitbongh this inve tigation has aided nothing newto Dotanical science, yet it t# necessar trees and pianis should be described, so a to be ideat) fled apd their importance property estimmtet. Familiar dercription bas becn prepared, tricuy botanical lan- guege, to comvey ai) that! neotesary with regard to tbe present vegetation ‘Ihe catalogue wili be added to du nog the en-uing season i or present purposes ‘ants are arrarcged simply in sipbabetical order, without reference to aay particular © eceitensien. A ne —Acer danycarpum—8I er Ieared map!+ Atres, thirty to ify tect bigh. cas chea'ene totwo feet In diameter, with widely eproadiog branches; tho Wood white and #ofl, sap lees swoet than that of too su gar maple, leaves in large Batisles, lobed voyond the | seene ao air of tormaliiy aut 4 met middle, nearly smooth or pur plush, weually about ve together, Tats formes Deautifal sbade tree; the silvery white of the onder eur face of the leaves strongly contrasting wita the bright Ge Cf the apper side, eepectaily when they are agita by the wind. found in ali portions of the Park. aboot Dine thourand specimens, thrives best in a diop rob joam or in @ gravely loom Cootignous to mortare. sone hype ge Alkir, ® weive ‘eet high, trreguiarty branched, end usually growing in donee thicket; leaves from two to inches y varied, emooih above, jong, promincett; [iescaucieners os a nae r jadout 2 8; grows ta a flowers in ‘Maron or April as ca 3 —Andromela, Fomicdota Print Andromeda, A sbrub four to eight fect bigh, mock branoked, and with a grayieh bark: jeaves from half to two S00 apecimens: grows in swamps and meut thicket flowers ta Juue and uly. F 4.—Acaiea Viscoma— White Wild HonamAie. with neamerous lowers gricalsh yellow that the existiog foun Wick, shady, and moist places ; Ho 4 Taly 026 Augacs ; Sboas 200 epcierce scape 1 Mara AMA: Ka — tv ert A ahi 10 6 foes 2, #1tb Or wisn O@rk aad oF " branches ; flowers a1 pd Of July aad Auguad ; wo erally Qimribuied ; about ! 590 pecimens. Jone; large white berries ; icolor ia win- ter; grown tm moist places ; ceucrad, distrionted ; sbor 1,000 npecimens. 1b.—Cornus Plwida—Amerwoan Doy Wood, One of the most beautitel of our ative Lowerlag ame’ trees. The fowere appr ov Aull, abd presenting brilliant appearapce, | & 1D motes gros gTOWS sometimes io 2 fees w Cigbs; generally dimtr ted ; about 3000 apecimous 16 —Corys 6 Ame i onan Wild Filbert Ashrubé to@ tees Digo; ba to 5 facney lang tiender brapehes ; towers iv April , founa gemerally din Tibuted in thiewets ; ,00 specimens 17 — veory! — ter imam, In geod poll this re ii irequenty grow forty or Ry us Virywrca feel igh, and ip ite babtis of gro sta is ene of tho mos» Woen by os in Ploturceque middle rized wee Ww eave Werows copwaily, is is Ktrredtiag #t all seasons spring by itn ary sr ining g enw folage, tn summer the lip bt areca fruit, lo ine a! 0) eae rieh orange of eaves andthe dveg trewn ot jertoue [sabrives best in adeep rich loam, found to ove | cality; avout fifty spo clmene. 18 — Fuyus Mrvvyeea ~ Beer. A besutiful tree, clue bly cr axty (eos Digk, and two feet or more iD Ciame er, foo tru Kotened with a sbtar emootb gray bark; waves fovr or thw acnes tong, Grows to perfection ia & cee noo van; flowers in May j found in reversal joca i v7 A000 20-0 apeeimens. 19 — Mramwnus Amerwanu Warts avr, A tall tree, 40 10 60 lee bigh wo | to % feet io alameter ark, genera: pve? WhO irene ve rae tb irees Mts Liget hue giver dived with darker fottage. ney of murfao to aretye ws ww April ana May; found dua» low light gray eracks perfection. Flower apcoimens abons 3 ney Locust A middie size bb ly) ones In lengih,; Do eB native of this bus ohen plavted ao ornament and 3 found in th vate residences, atous 41 — With Me “ni ower 8 )o July. t eck Dea, leaves three to stx A sbrob six to tweive Inches jong; when cubivala, beooas @ bandsomosmall tree, ikweeme to thrive Weil ib ayy rituation, dower we the end of Uotober; sound gebermiy disiribused; Dead 1,600 specimens 44 —Iegiana Noyra—Black Walnut, A tree thirty tonixy feet nigh, #10 @ truk from one to two feet in diameter; leaven » tov ur wore 1a length; flowers in May, Found generally visurivawed; abound 2,008 specimens. ides this * Ing:ans Circrom,”’ white wal- but, also found 98.—Juniperus Viryiniana— ted Cedar. ‘A well kuown abd us (it evergreen, ofen growing thirty or forty feet nigh Geows ou ary Lilt sides, in rooky, sterile soil, But» 5 fouad, 44.—Laurus - 8 Wh lot long, grown of rivers; Mowers lo 4h spe 2tmens, Sa safrass. ove foot ta diameter; April. Found in a ew pla 26 —Lourus Sa sa/’ A middle sired tren, Hak Towards av tamn the leaves tura to s reddis thrives well im wdry, sandy loom, poor us Found winuted, abou neue 6. — Liyvaaambar Myre fua—sweel Gum, Grows from ‘2 usaer favorable olreum- staces Th eo luam. Fouad goperalty meer distributed Bi .—-Lurodendi on Luly rra— Culip tree From forty to eipbiy (ee Lieu, irom one to three fees in diameter; Wunk perictly suaight aad Of pearly wnilorm diameter; lowers te Juve, torives well Dw clayoy Or micacenus soli, ivaud in a DOMbEr ocalities, adc ut 500 rpectwens 2B — Myrwc Certfera—Bayberry.. A shrub three to cighs icet Gir moh Dramehed at tho summit, ieaves two to four itches lovg aud trom a kali jy an inch wice; growe in ory soi in tolokew, in May, about 6,01) ej cimens 29.— Platunus cccdentalis— Guin wood, Syearnore J large tree, ofen o)x'y or exgbty feos high ane wo to five feet or more in r, wi baick spreading Dranches; wil 00 well in any avon, OUl thrives Bens ip moist sol); found in a number of localities, sbow 3.000 sp~cimens 80.— Populus Bilan A tree tuirty 10 ely bt, diameter ; Leaves abo deep, motst ra— aisam Popiar © & Ligh, aid UBe to LwO fous in toree iihes lovg ; prefers o We one to two foes leaves inree Ww #iX Inches long ; grows ln Moist ground. About fifty speciaeus fand 84.— Populus Trenviloude— smerican Aaper. Atree twenty 10 tbiriy feet igh, ead from atx to dan toches im diameter ; seaves aout two inches long Dread usually greau r tuen tbe ength ; fowern ia May nd April , provers ® most gull; adou. 100 specimens founa. in diameter 33—Pruntus Virginvana—hove Chery Atbrub ce smali tree; 16 vou two to four tocdeH ooq grown im rocky Dill sides; loud everywiere mF wo Drushwood, about 4,000 epectan om. Sh Quercus Marrocarpe. Trunk from forty w #iaty fo liga; Sark Of he bravchee sumembat corky, in ric xem, lonyes wir WO twelve mc hes or more in lengid; ab ous 1 6 U #peolmenr Bm Quercus AMutn a — Kea Grown from alty to 0, and from kwo to four feet in diameter ; |e to nes jong, anc three to Ove laches wide; flowers ta May; growe well w & poor toil: sbout 2,00 o1n.ens fouud Bo —Cuercus Painitre—rin Oa A yretly covical shapea tee, h teaver of & hgni green; We Lower bravebes of4.n pono cus, sweopmny the ground — cust Pree. A tree 40 oF 50 feet bige, luaely reaches tLe beight of 90 feet pot indigenous in wny part of tho Seale bu, elmoet netaralizoa in many plecot—e very valuale thee op account of 18 Woo!—fouud in GumpEcs growth, about 5,000 spesimeus 38 - Athus Amer) ona— dinerican Bim A large tree, sometimes bu or mo © feet bigh, end? 4 feet in ciamete, lea 3 w 5 ches jong, Sowers w April, thrives only to light; rich ivam, goneraily disteibo ted; adont 6,(00 specimens: 39 — Verturnvem Avryoiiun— Meple Laced Arrow Weow. A three to five feet oigh, wih smooih, araighs and 6! apcber tnree vo 76 (nobes be dix meter it Joo; focad very generally disiribubed about 6 000 specimens. (.— Feornum Paucrflorum—M uniain Bush ©; A shrub two to four feet niga; 1ouod ia grees abaw dapoe. d— Fite Labruscee—For Grape. Ftems very long, strageling over bushes acd abrobe Or climbing the bighe:t trove; sometimes #x OF eight inches in diameter; common in wyode aad ewampa: 2,000 apect Jo ‘ha Quinqucfoliam American bry A vie of rapid growth, chiming tre sand joots, nud npreadidg*exteneively, preseptin: owber ob very ben thu! and tirikiwg appearence in the autemp from he } foilage; Sowers tp July; about 600 specimens found. The remainder of the plants that bavo beer found are efther irjurious, of so fow inc unber as to rouder any referepes 10 them tm this counectiog anumportent The total number of specimens found \# seventy, o whien Where are ip all about 159,00 ap. ctmens, TOR FLAN. The art of orpamenting sou preparing grownd for pur of plomsure bas Gucergewe maay oh.nges slooe it rst became ® study, aud within we p: ovary bas been marked by @ most rand progressnon ‘oe cartier cflorts were characterized by @ desire to mare nature Assume @ strictly artificial appearance, g rooming @ tempt to apply the raloe of archiwe cre to Inadeoape, wo der tbe impresnion that the greatem elle t was wnoreny Produce’. lateryears have developed a clearer cow Ception of the true psture of taste, aud Dar given rigo x0 A modern style, which ty Lased Mpoa the maxim, be: “Wo greateat art is to conces and ‘ine radical,’ Modibed In different countries vy pational ‘oharacierm > Of citmatc. HAWe, @pigitated ibe Foch as she I the Duteh, th eogiies, wh cb bave fotlowad ‘te great ror less extent by all thoro woo have bad ar preter sion as professors in this porticular fold. Im Hip, land, vecer the ausploios «i Jed @oaith, and s IPere oie tbe stadiee of ware groveds, ia, coutending *wihth « Climate, it bax converted ones dreary Pictarerqne scenery, and in Franco it bas eeabied A abrnb four to seven feet high, ay capitol to crcompase aruree die r go Ape EP bark; leaves one to Sxmence, ‘hi weet ee 4 *o jen long: i] we Yet to seek among the parks of Puro; o peeces and !n woods; Jowors in jase end iuly—-oemenineas Our Own would be a refiection upon se amen od ae inte na August. wnich finds 20 much food for study tn the ever chacging 5 —Betida Nigra—Rad Barth. for which this country is 80 remarkable, Bp- A tree forty to sovonty fet high, amd from one to two | sides, ihore parks in many instatces are bat eppendag fect in diameter, with long. Gender wd pend of grandeur to rank, whore iaviea ex ), aided by branches; leaves about three inches jong and two wide; | all The appiianees of art, gives regal chen fo ckees ules the people enjoy at the aiscreviou of thetr posseesory. People, us to tem, la all tbe Phases of boeiety "Rt men, ) AD nases Of a oo Recesrarlly be deveied "Hove, a: the oxrach we shou Ree ee ee eres wine Uo Genes, ane 0 denver to gratify A Overy sep, with e due regard to the principles of art amd ao economical expeadhare (' m* bas airoady Deoa stated the ntursi coe tgurasicn ¢/ the ruriace is the basle of the lotended 'mprovemants The bills the valleys and the are § pear ings on the surface of the rivailiog im their provured grace tho most beautifol of the felte , 8 —Uas/once Americana—Oheatme. A tall tree sixty "— them would be the to ret eed from 4 four teet ju disineler, tves ix och inches ‘very rare mineral was fou of contact | about iwo inches wiie, Will tarive ta betwoen the granite aod borhood of | eolis, expecially of a rock @r gravelly aatare, poms ogd atrect Le es — fy chiefly | distributed i pad omy oe) Sowers tm June, pened ag Pd cman f ~ wy atfotia— ( atalpa. tain tb\< leading prive! bas been the objectef th to bo an altered, form of tetraphyline, ag | A tree twenty to thirty feet ; leaves from five to six pretrrinery surrey: with a view to secure secerany ane tinell oryetals and ory stalling ipcrustations, filling em in diameter : Flowers t» Jupe, and at that time very | expeaite the work. The area ha: beea divided mee fecr irreguler sbaped geodes in a floah colored feldspar orpamentai: found in the neighborhood of several reai- | parts, each division into sections, and each section tate en | Red garnet in small compact grains, {i bodded in feld- | dences; introduced trom the South, avout @fty specimens; | alvisions of suilictently swall extent to \usure the mins) oper and gray juarty, and scales of green chlorite in feld. | will grow in any soil, delineation of the topog-aphy. Rach (Of Ue emailer ‘#pAr, aro Cooastonally found. 10. —Uelasi-us Scande a— Bitter Sve areas bas been substantially marked im the fakd, and the ing plant, stems entwining around shrabe and | attitudes of ww aK deter ‘The granite voins or along mone fences. wa to twonty foet contour lives. All of the ai ture to very Sie to three inches long flowers earl) in Jane: The maps coarser, while the 10 thickets in upper portions of the Park. large sowie, will form working wain veine are 1 elite Cccidemt Bry. ie to the marked pouts in the been injected with tree from 16 wt high, and 6 or 8 ct is ae it were, grasped at ones, im avery pinatic yas slender spreading ner in which the gn & inches jong and 1 to 2 inches jore doce thie leading prine!pic “ee granite voing. Sowers in May ; found ina nomber | maintained in the arrangem: nt of the troes. an DRIFT, OR DIMOY Tere ‘ | pon the harmontoue blending of ali Nomi ie bow: Theee occury a large portion of the eres resting every. 12 — Clematis Virgintorn a Virgin's B i) wht end ehade. in es vand shape, depen where vpot the grees Rod BEBO RLE: reews, Low ve tue | STM 8 101d ioe: long, ot § oper mhruys sod Yuen # the Comucer mt