The New York Herald Newspaper, January 11, 1857, Page 3

case in the potatoe and the vine, its recurrence or cemnmnaes fn 10 be ap ee te ae st eho en to arrest its progress. e distress it has created in those districts where no inconsiderable proportion of the population derived its chief means of subsistence from the various occupations with silkworms and prepariog the silk for @ = market, and the sectal peril arising from any serious check to the industry of Lyons, have given the subject an importance in France which already jaced ‘those more immediately interested in the question to examin it in all ite details, These inquiries are not yet at an end, nor have both sides yet beea fully heard. So much progress, however, lias been made in the investigation, we may proceed to lay before our readers the following conclusions a3 vthose which appear to be most euerally accepted in ‘+iplenation of the deficient yield of sili in France. inti! the early part of the present century the rearing of siikworms was carried on by magnaniers, or silkworm breeders, whose establish ments c onsist- ed chiefly of themselves and their families, conduc'- ing their operations in their ordinary dwelliag . The quantity of eggs on which they oper- ated rarely exceeded two or three ounces, and the eld of cocoons was usually about 140lbs. b the ounce of eggs. The _ caterpillars were fed on the leaves of mulberry trees, growing almost in a wild state. [nese trees, pre ferring a poor calcareous svii, were left nearly in their natural condition, rarely manured, and suffered to grow to their full height, producing a not very abundant crop of leaves of 1 smuller size and lighter color than those of the cultivated mulberry, but con- taining a large amount of nutritive matter. The re- sult of this was a silk of a very superior quality both for toughness and elasticity, but somewha in price. The magnanier was rarely the pro prietor of the mulberry trees. which were grown & a source of profit by large agricultural proprietors, who sold the leaves to the silkworm feeders. These latter chiefly depended on their own moths for the pply of eggs for the next year's broods, rarely eggs, unless from neighboring pro- lucers, and selecting, for continuing the race, the Mrgest and finest SOOGE ADs wise, Sa moths were res reserving those only whose stre! a physical conformation was such ag experjence had shown to be the best fitted for ensur- ing a healthy add hardy race of caterpillars. The first change made inthe & ratem was on the part of the proprietors of the mulberry trees, who directed their attention to the best mode of increasing the crop of leaves. This was effected by planting the trees in a richer soil, and liberally manuring. The trees, in- stead of being left to their natura! growth, were topped, and a denser mass of foliage was soon pro- duced, the leaves being larger, thicker, and more abundant than before, but containing a much larger ro of fluid, and having consequently a far concentrated amount of nutriment in a given weight of leaves. effect of this apparently improved cultare soon declared itself. The silkworms fed on these leaves were leas healthy, the crop of cocoons less certain, and the quality of the silk frequently dete- riorated. The yield of cocoons fell off trom 140 lbs. to 100 Ibs.; then to 80 Ibs. and even lower; and finally the small breeders and jucers abandoned their oc- cupationsin many instances as too precarious or unre- munerative. The profits of the owners of mulberry pleniations rapidiy diminished in consequence, and he system of uniting the two occupatioas of breeder and mulberry grower was adopted, the magnaneries being at the same time mounted on a much larger scale. Instead of two or three ounces of eggs hae operated on, from twenty to fifty was the usual quantity, and the eggs became a regular article of merchandise, the smaller breeders finding it more profitable to wind off all their cocoons than to re- serve them as the nucleus of future broods. The ratio of caterpillars to the number of eggs in the mean time steadily diminished, as did also the yield of cocoons, the silkworms having become more liable to epidemic diseases, and less able to resist those atmospheric influences to which they were at all times so susceptible. In the larger establish. ments these atmospheric variations wer? sought to be counteracted by artifivial heat, which, while it accelerated the changes through which the caterpillars passed, reduced the cost of producing the silk. But 1t was found that, in spite of improved modes of ventilation and the utmost attention to cleanliness, the lability of the silkworms to diaease and the number of eggs which were worth- Jess were on the increase. [he yield of cocoons fell from the average of 140 Ibs. to the ounce of eggs, , under the old system, to 50, and even 30 Ibs.; and ‘this year where i has not uterly failed, it has rarely, exceeded 14 lbs. The disease known as the “ gat- tine” has become exceedingly common os ilkworms; the breed is evidently generally enfeebled, ‘and the eggs brougtt to market are of so doubtful » quality that the small breeders fear to purchase, and are preparing to abandon the rearing of siikworms alt er. evil, therefore, is attributed to the over-cul- ture of the mulberry tree, which has increased the quantity of leaves at a sacrifice of quality, and to the absence of proper care in selecting the moths des tined to produce the eggs for ensuing operations It has been found, moreover, that the yield o cocoons diminishes in proportion to the qnaatity o caterpillars reared in the same establish cent, those magnaneries operating on from one to ten ounces of eggs, aiding @ proportionally Jarger retarn than those in whic! sine ten to ov pe orage ge — taken. The rem roposed is, that the present system of over stmaiatieg the mulberry trees should be abandoned, and that the utmost care should be taken in selecting moths in the most perfect condi- tions of health and physical conformatioa, other- wise it is to be fe: that, from the constant inter- mixture of the still vigorous races with those affect- ed by the artificial system of diet aud breeding, the silkworm in France will become universally enfee- bled, the quality of the sk permanently deteriora- x its production as a branch of profitable in- dustry almost annihilated. U iy, however, the growth of the evil has been gradual, extending over the whole of the resent century. The value of agricaltural proper: iy fitted for the present mode of cultivating the mulberry hes been fixed on the supposition that it was a permanent branch of industry, and a returu to the old system would. it is feared, seriously en- hance the price of silk, and therefore diminieh its consumption. A very large number of sare eng: olin the various processes of preparing the ‘silk for the market, and it is oonsequently of the highest im) that the causes which have de- ‘eriorated race of silkworms in France should ye thoroughly investigated, and that the remedy should be so applied as to interfere as little aa pos sible with existing interests. The rapid progress which the sp of epidemics am ong the caterpil- lars bas of late made, revders the sulution of these questions a matter of urgent necessity. and we ear. nestly invite the attention of ists and com- men peckne in which we, as well as the population of the silk districts of southern Europe, are so largely interested. Miscellaneous Foreign Items. The British Essex Herald has reason to believe that the whole of the foreign legions will cease to exist by the 15th instant. At Winchester, England, on 234 ultimo, the Ita- Jans, Gai Lagava, aged 20; Giovanni Barbal 1, 18; and Matteo Pettrick, 21, were banged. They vere convicted of the wilful murcer of Joseph Pat- tinson and Evan Evans,on board the bark Globe, ia the Bosphorus. ‘The four Chambers of the Swedish Diet, after a stormy debate of four hours’ duration, have ne tived all the modifications which the ment fa proposed to introduce in the Le; for the liverty of the Sa ii athe Last the duty on pi carriages in e tend enbounted to reer) In the preceding year the duty was £374,419. nve of collecting the revenue of England an pa aa £2,863,365, exclasive of the Post olice. ‘The Russian squadron under Admiral Sm has left Cherbourg for the Mediterranean. usual salutes were given and returned. These ves- sels will pat into and Cadiz, and then proceed * & Toulon. The Tuscan government has published an exten- i sive anmesty accorded by the Grand Duke on the ‘egcasion of his son's marriage. The in the ended the Sist cn ast renltzed £1,167 525. Among the stores found in the Resolute were se veral heons of fine old rum, which had been put 01 board in prime condition atthe outset of her ca- reer from Woolwich. One of these puncheons had been sent yy Captain Harteteine to Prince Albert, as arelic of the Resolute. Mr. Mitchell, Superintendent of Police at Tyne Touth, England, rane, owing to the ‘own cauneil of that borough having discovered that he hss been guilty of forgery and fraud. Mr. John Frost, the Chartist, has announced his Inention of becoming a candidate for the represen- tation of Merthyr at the next election. The ship Cactas, Tose, of South Shields, after leaving W; recently, struck on one of the infer- ‘nal machines w! were deposited last year, dar- ing the war, on the coast of ia, aad received severe shock. She had to be taken into port to re- peir the extensive damage she had sustained. A special meeting of the corporation of Dablin de been convened 40 petition galas the present income tax. tan bey Ray a AY he +4 inwards at Liver] n ports dar year, ap tothe 20th December, was 4208, with a to age of 2,447,601 tona, against 4,008 ships and 1,998,825 tons,in the 1885, showing an increase of > ships and 448,776 tons. On the 12th of November it was not known at Bogiad that the war between England and Persia NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, JANUARY Ul, 1857. had begun. The British Minister and his suite were sul in the neighborhood of Bagdad. The Madrid Gazette of the 17th ult., published « re-establishing the octroi duties in all the foot Ae gtiont the country. ‘The negotiations for a treaty of commerce be- tween Belginm and Switzerland have been suspead- ed, in consequence of the state of transition in whioh the Belgian tariffs are now placed by the projects of modification, The Liverpool Times of the 24th ult. observes:— In spite of capital punishment, the crime of murder increases in ost every quarter of the United Kingdom. Judges may sentence to death, chaplains may exhort, and Calcraft may piniog apon im- proved principles, draw the fatal bolt, and usher murderers into another world, but all this will not stop the bloody deeds of barbarous assassins, A question of some importance to foreigners has arisen in England touching the nature aad effect of a certificate of naturalization. Chevalier de Chate- lain, who isa Frenchman, says:—I have taken up my abode in England from predilection. I became na toralised in 1848, long before the Presidency o Louis Napoleon, and consequently the establishmen: of the second empire. From that time | have exer cised all the rights of an English subject. Lately however, the Chevalier got a letter from the Home Office, intimating that no certificate of naturalisation granted by the British government can place him “beyond the lawful power and control of his native country unless he has Genationalised by the govertment of the latier.” The London Daily Telegraph, in commenting upon the approaching conferences in Paris, remarks that from the inidcations which present themselves, it cannot perceive any reasonable grounds fur coir that it will lead to anything but discomfiture disappointment for England. The editor Of the Brittania Newspaper, thus of the London penny press:—We have had no “classes dangerouses,” no licentious journal- ism circulating among the lower orders, What with the ticket of leave system, and penny hol: and cor- ner journalism—thanks to the [stu] hha Lg ' radical statesmanship—we now have . and it will not be the tant of either, or the fault ot their roge nitors, the if our social condi- ion does not develope itself into the full blown atrocity of the red republic. The Australian Gazette says:—We learn that not- withstan the general employment of ail classes of able em: , it is still necessary to maintain an estal ment for the suport of those who cannot find employment, and of those who are incapable of work. The former class consists of the remnant of the female orphan e which they have not the latter class their husbands and left in charge of orphan children, aged persons, the unatics. A letter from Turin of the 16th ultimo, in the Paris Constitutionnel, says:—If the information which has reached me be correct, neither the move neut in oo: nor the attack on the King of Naples are iso- lated events, but are connected with a msing which had been concerted before the differences with the Western Powers took place. In Belgium the Court of Assizes of Brabant has commenced the trial of a man named Desire Joseph Vervaet, charged with the offence of robbing the Count Honore de Liedekerke of the sum of 102,000 francs, while acting as tutor to the sous of the Count. The prisoner boasts of very biga connec- tions. He says that his family has-rendered great services to General Magnan, the Duke of Bassano, and other personages of distinction. From statistics of the British coal trade for the month of November, we gather that during the month, the total exports were 346,279 tons, of which 15,007 tons were shipped from Liverpool. The new statue of the Immaculate Conception, in the Piazza di Spagnia, at Rome, is go little liked and venerated by the Romans, that a guard of soldiers are placed round it night and day for protection. A Cospetel, has reached the English Admiralty from Admiral Bruce, commanding the squadron ia the Pacific, stating that on the evening of the 22ad Octover, in lat. N., lon. 105 24 W., his flag ship, the Monarch, was struck by lightning. The ship is fitted with Sir Snow Harris's system of elec- trical conductor. The electrical discharge fell on the spindle of the main royal mast, and, passing down the conductor, went clear into the sea with a tremendous crash, without any damage being sustained. The Official Gazette of the Senate of St. Peters- burg, contains an imperial ukase enacting that a new province sha'l be formed in Siberia, under the name ot “ Maritime Province of Eastern Siberia,” and promulgating a statute, in 50 articles, ror the organization of the said province. The new province is to be under the jurisdiction of a goveraor-genera! residing at Nicholalisk. Two new administrations are to be added to his government—one being des- tined to manage all matters connected with the — flotilla and ports,and the other all civil aftairs. A correspondent of the Londcn Mechanics’ Maga- zine makes the following suggestion:—The gold robbery is suggestive of a mode by which, in rail- way trains, this may be rendered impossible. Let the receptacle for valuable goods be made of boiler plate, and the door so placed that a motion from the wheel of the carriage shall be always rotating over the keyhole, which may be placed at the side so as not to be in the way ot Gaga door, as the lock may be placed so as to lock the door, instead ot locking as usual into the side. a would | not be ae possible to adopt means to pup t motion, even when the train is stopping. It seems that, a3 a result of the Concordat, M. von Tuan, the Austrian Minister of Worship and Public Tnstruction, will be compelled to retire, and that the office will be sup Certain higher offices in Hungary are also to fall in abeyance, further to obli- —* remains of the old Hungarian conatitu- tion. The forthcoming elections for the Corps Legisla- tif continue to occupy their share of attention in Paris. The great question as te whether electors who have the right of voting have the right of voting for whatever candida’e they may please to pame, is shortly to be decided by the Supreme Court. The Brussels correspondent of the Manchester Guardian, writing on 21st ultimo says:—A suddea inroad of police, ending in seizure crinoline pet- ticoats, took place on Friday, at the shops of several marchandes de modes. A person who had taken out 8 patent for these monstrous requisites for toilettes tapageuses complained to the authorities of nume- rous piracies. Anorder was theretore issued to the police to seize and confiscate the same. Ihe order ‘was obeyed amidst the shouts of laughter of those itnessed this novel razzia; shouts rendered more Homeric by the agents expressing fears that the winds them off their legs whilst hoiding on to their captives. The French pay mention that the mins of a Roman theatre have been discovered at Trigueres, near Montargis. It is seventy yards long from the back of the pit to the stage, and sixty yards wide, and it could have easily held ten theusand A = interior of the theatre is not yet unev- vered. A letter from Madrid of 17th ultimo says:—The state of the press in Madrid is deplorable. There is no law, no fixed rule, by which writers can regulate their conduct. Taat which im tne morning they are allowed to publish is prohibited by the censorship in the evening, and, though generaliy all are sutgect to this nent conduct, yet the ment invaria- bly single out the Norte Expan: wpb eke pee from the fact of that paper considered as ot General © Donnell. Generai O'Donnell had last Some of the the ante chamber got much was held at midnight. During the conference General O'Donnell informed , and that plans ry con- Coroner's Inquest. Arrarm or Honor ix CHAnteston, 8. C.— About half past 8 o'clock om Sunday afvernoon Mayor Miles received information that ari were in i i 2 Ss 3 9 z 3 2 H F : tf: i Ha i i : i iz g i a Anniversary of the Battle of New Orleans. FESTIVAL OF THE TAMMANY SOCIETY. Speeches of Hon. Wm, @. Ludiew, General Walbridge, John Van Buren, Hon. John Cochrane, Augustus Schell, Don For- min Ferrer, the Blearaguan Hl- akter, and others, &., &., bo. From the account which we gave in Friday's Hx- RALD of the festival at Tammany Halli, it may be seem that ‘the democracy hada fine time. There were dancing and speaking enough to satisfy the most ardent admirer of either, As the ladies, Sowever, and a large share of the gentlemen, were more in favor of ealtatory exorcise, they preferred the ballroom, where, under the direstion of that prince of floor managers, Mr, Douglass Taylor, they enjoyed themselves immensely, The poilticlans remain ed in the supper room, glorifying themselves over the late demooratio victory and the election of Mr. Buchanan, When the more substantial part of the programme had been fully discussed the speaking commenced, and it was past 3 o’clock in the morning before tt was floished. ‘The Grand Sachem, Danie: £. Detavan, presided, and opened the oratorical part of the entertainment in the fol- Jowing brief and appropriate remarks :— GxnTLEMBN—Tbe recurrence of another anniversary of the glorious battie of New Orleaos has called us together this evening. It is well known to you that the Society of Tammany has for many years been in the habit of cele- brating tbat glorious event—one that shed so much lus- tre upon the apnais of our beloved conntry. Although the great Captain, Warrior and Statesman of that day hae taken from our midst, stil] his epirit is with us, to cheer us on in the glorious cause of democratic - ples, of whioh be was tho exponent. I need but Bay that this society, (of which ho was one of its most cherished members, ) pride themselves in chorishing and emulating his brigbtexample. (Applause.) Gentlemen, &s wo bave much intellectual business botore us, I will ‘not detain you with a long oon Bo, please fall your glasses for the first regular t— Tne Day we Celebrate—Memorable as the anniversary of a victory whicn drove from American soil the laat foreign ene- my had set fool upon it—placed the volunteer er on the ptnvacie of military fame, and into bold relief a citizen who reflected equal glory upon Amefican arms by his valor and skill, and upon American statesmanship by bis wis- dom and integrity. Three cheers were given; after which Hon. Wm. H. Lvpiow responded as follows:—I am happy to have re- cctved and accepted your kind invitation to unite with the ancient society of Tammany in celebrating with the mo- moriea of the victory of Jackson, the election of Buchapan. It is, sir, highly meot and propor that the democracy should, upon this glorious anniversary, here assemble within the time honered walls of Old Tammany, and tendor toeach other their hearty and their joyfi ‘atulations on an event s0 glorious in itseif and so Glosely connected with tho welfare, (applause,) yes, sir, 1 might well add. the perpetuity of our Union. Tne democracy of Old Tammany—the domoocracy of the city and county of New Yors—have indeed covered tnem- selves with glory, and havo nobly discharged their duty to themselves and tothe country at large. (Applause.) There never, sr, bas been atime when the democratic party went into a i’-esidential contest under such embar- Farements and disadvantages as in the late canvase. By a jong wories of unfortunate events there had been stirred up at the Nori a bitter eectional feeling, which, strengthened and consolidated by a powerful organization, threatened at one time w sweep e' Northern State. Prejudices of every kind wore appeal , acd united in all their force against the democracy. Every pariy ole- ment, which, however originally antagonistic to each oth ad been {or yeurs tp opposition to the democracy, wero all, under various pretexts, gathered together and combincd against it Every ism ot the day, acd of former days, Were concentrated under the singlo banuer of re. pubdlicanism. The pulpit was active against os The re- publican press beiched forth its thunders, and flooded our fair land with groes ‘aleenoods and fou! libels upon the DAd no papers of any great or Ps circulation to ald us, The cheap daily press of New York, wiih ils admittanoe into almost overy homs- stead at the North, was under republican control. Bat, air, DoLwithstending all this, the democracy bas acnie ncbie triumph, ard in viow of this triumph, at this timo, we abould the more bighly prize and apprecists a parcy orgavization which hes showa itself capable by the sheer force of principle, of so nobly and so suc. cessfolly standing up against the wild aod surg ing waves of prejndioe and fapaticiem. | repeat, vir, that, otwithatanaing the terrible disadvan- i under which the democracy woot tuto tne con test, (bey have ooie out of it victorious, and have proved themselves to bo tue saviors of the cou and Union. (Applause) There ni ale, Umo when @ demoorai bed greater reason to be proud o bie 'y than at this prerent period. The whole history of the aemooratic party, closely coanected as tt over hat deea with the pee and weilare of our country, is ® lovg and glorious history of saccessful battles with partics—Datties, sir, fought to svatain woe principles and practice of a free government, {0 support the right of man to govern himselt. Oa TY question » P out 0! Our foreign reiauons, © growing out of our domestic policy, we have seen tho oe morratic party triumphant. and | am historically cor rect when 1 make the assertion that the demooratio party bas Dever taken any decided stand upon any great pudlic mesaure, OF upon any question of any great aud gecera ibiic interest, but that it has been iu the cad tyumpbaat- ly tustained by the snber, second thoughts of the people. Itt, therefore, sir, but right and proper that we should havea high dogree of pride tn such a party, and that de- tnocrate shouid here assembie within those walls to ex- change congratulations over a victory, the groatest bon our party ball ©: confidence exhibited b mu re guarantee of our connected, air, with y, the peopit—all these furaish @ jure success and strength As tutare of the democratic party is ‘he future for the coming four yoars of Mr, Bachanan— » 4 air, In addition to the powerfal and con:roiling ta- Loeuces which must ever beexercisod over our ita acknowledged head, I find that circumstances within the very boliow of his band its fortune: ia the North, [ trempie, not with fear, batanxiety. Ihave, wir, the greatest confidence in the wisdom and ‘o the sound pavonel conservaiiem of Mr. Buchanan, Every ‘ncident connected with ana .iac bis election, satistes me that the democracy have beou most fortunate in thotr selection of a standard bearer. I believe that it is in the power of Mr. Buchanan, by taking a socnd national, conservative and judicious course, w ditarm all active opperition to nimaeif and jo the democratic refotation of ali the libels upon the democr ‘which so + characterized the late cam, Vere that be Within twelve months afer naugu ration, annihilate the ri publican |, by depriving it of which it bas fore existed. 1 be- par } f entire fy RR, siavory—(applause, — ‘tbat It is the party which will remove from the Congres- sional arcoa the whole disturbing The President of the United States— pay A the Union CF) Ly > ~ uatified their cenfidence. Protecting Hoan eflizens sbrosd, and inole easery bome. trietic statesman, oon RS of bison valor pene conquere: rejudices ° unite with us ‘\h aong him honar. 3 onal tm Europe through to they miliary deepouiam tolt in ndent soverrign States, Gite every nverressment We had by the act ‘ndence and the inauguration of the conatitution sa recognieed power throughoot the world Great Britain bad been not only (arly vanquished ia the inde. digenssion of those prinolpies which are founded apou he representative system, but eho was forced by the heroes of the Revolution to retire from the struggle and make @ final acknowiedgement belore the civilized world of the Justuess of our cause—a system whieh, as an oieroal Possearion, our fathers inten¢ed should secure to them selves end their posterity the blessing of & free ropresen- tative government, so devised by its numerous checks and balances as to guard it against the anarchy of the ancient repubiics or the tyranny of modern despotism. Content wih the greatest poiitical achievemont tn tho history of governments, fires by scouring independence, and then by oreoilng a form of government ta which voice of every citizen is heard through it6 legtiimate representative in the administration of pubilo atfairs. ‘This accomplisbed, the people of the United Siatos an the great’ work of developing the resources ‘hich in the province of God had [alien to fel arts were pat in active operation, evidences of indtstry, ingenuity aad gan to appear. Our progress from the beginning has been steady, persistent, and almost tnoredi- scale Commensurate with our mighty Lilmtta- Our magvificoat rivers, and our towering mountains, until we now siand, bold, manly, and confident, before the ratiovs of tae earth, invested with triumphs im every department, whetber of agriculture, manu/ac- tures or commerce. Within our borders, our husband men andariizans have been preparing the way fer us to attain the position we cocupy. Whilat they have been developing the soi! apd acoumulatirg ita stores, our coun- trymen, the fishermen of the Revolution, were preparing the way for trade upon the bigh seas. (Applause) la there peaceful pursuits of trade the commerce of the Union began rapidiy to extend, Early foresesing our in evitable destiny the nation who had so long held tho mo- ropoly of the ocean, saw with mortification the early ex tension of our trade, and noted ite thrift, growth and in- creasing prosperity. Our commerce tirst felt the mhock of this jealous rivairy and began to suffer from ine Boriin and Milan decrees on tbe part of Franos, whiist the British Orders in Council completed the ead with Yee odiour nyetom of Impres«mont of our seaman and the violation of our flag upon the ooean, drove the Union into the war of 1812, to assert by the sword upon land and upon eta ‘free trade and sailors’ its.’ That secoud war of our independence was closed by the deci: victory ot New Orleans, forty two yoars ago to es applause.) The armies of Woil.ngton, rom rucoess in the Peninsula war and from triumphs over the great captain whore military genius shone trapecendant and peerless amfd the horrors of o twenty yenrs’ strugglo, wore collected at New Orioans. They bad advanced without observation upon that portion of our territory, trusting that by a successiul onset upon the Seutbern portion of the confederacy « paralyzing blow would be dealt the power of the Union, and por- haps tend te srpeliica) disintegration of the Siates. On the banks of the monarch stream, whose waters course the entire length of the republic, and on whose broad ‘bosom floats the internal commerce of the great valley of the Mirsigsippt these hitherto victorious legions encoun- tered the resistiess energy and the indomitable courage of freemen drawn from every section of the Union, under the command of the illustrious and gallant Jackson, who dreve them back in confusion and dismay, and in ‘thus vindicating the prowess of our arms, forever biend- ing his mame with the illustrious men whose patriotism ‘apna courage have adorned cur history from the begin. ning, and awakened a spirit of gratitude in (he American hoart, which called him to oocupy the highest offise ia the gift of bis countrymen. (Renewed applause.) Fot- low citizens, such is the glorious occasion we are called upon here to commemorate, The old yoar with its ex- citements, its and its triumphs, has a parted, and what a contrast do we now present as ® poo- ple to the other side of the Atlantic; also, to those feavie and tilustve examples of misnamed 'republica of Mexico and the Seuth American States. Woailst desolating wars bave grievously borne down tho peonie of Europe with debt and onerous taxation, and crushed the subjects of the Eoropean Powers to'a point almost boyond endu rauce, and even at this moment the difiicultins vetween Pereia and Great Britain still threatens « desolating into which Ruatia, as the ally of Persia, may be dra and the resulta of which upon the commerce and trade of the East no mgneny can predict, the pecple of the American Union ve been enricbiag themselyos by cpering up new harvest ficlds, incresatog in almost geometrical progression taeir’ workshops, ex- lending their domestic trade, until it reaches more than one thousand millions, expanding their foreign commerce until tt now encirales tho globe, and the stars and stripes are hailed tp ovory maritime region from the arctic circle t the torrid zone, io all the ports of tho leading divistona of the globe, on the islands of the Pactfle and Icdian réas, even into the hituerto sealed, bet now open ports of Japan, What a broad and extonded theatre for the expanding commerce and trade of a freo and on lightened people Nor is this all. The oponing of the great temperate interior region of this continent to pre emption, s tilement and occupation, hitherto closed by the action of the federal government in retaiolog |i as the abode of our North Amer'can abor gines, bas agaia stimu a into the interior, and ts developing, with of two miilions of active hardy und the solitudes of our great Wentern bere active communities of mon sbail build es and towns, aud where gcience, gealus and nder even pature herself subservient to the refinements and clegancies of civilized life. How ttriking the contrast, ara what @ commentary vpon the results of those governmenta where tno people bave ben robbed of thelr — libertion, Anc where moparchs pd the nobility with sccumunted honors are pinced above, and the dis(ranchised eunjects, oppreasea and down trodden, beneath, But 1s ts nov simply in the war of our independence, nor in dur second sroggle with Great Britaiu, that the patriotiem of our People bar been tested; forced by the aggrosai vo acts of & neighboring repubiio into the vindicativa of our vational honor, we came the eonilict with ao eulargemont of territory, fairly purohwed of a vanquished peopie, which gives us the command ot more than 1,000 miles of nea coast on the Pacific ocean—greater the ir whole At~ lantic froptier, as we held |i at the de’ realy of peace in 1783—and eplargiag Our whole maritime line Of coast, enst, west, and sown, to ent of more ‘han five thousand miles, We have ti demonstratet Ameriosn inteliect has achieved in the science of frce government. and what American arma bays accom. piisbed in aol of these principles and our rights, ible, a# & nation, from any torce against os there can bo no oeleus of an army ama gallant 4 upon battiofeld, though neglect ed by Congress tn noi making adequate provision for tts support; with a land milids of two and a half miliions of men trained by the habite of our people to self patriotic scotiment, renown in the Isat war of 1812; with ail tne material to organize ® militia Davy of thirty thousand vessels, com. manded by brave, hardy and wel! trained seamen, drawn from our external and internal trade, and armed in a greater or less degree for par; of defense with moans of resistance wholly uncqualied, where ia the Power that will seek to engage ua in the desolating atrifo and In thore protracted contosia that a0 recently alllicted the Fastorn continent? Batam protracting these ro- marks further than I originally intended. 1 percelve, tiemen, by the terms of your invitation, * that with memories of the vicry that caa_ be doubt = With as cver flashod 40 to mingle rejoicings for ti Fhe only quosuon involved in the r permanency aud stability of the ‘nave the battle was foug! nion, aod opoa that and the victory wou, aad our exaltation, fosensibio to the causes by ph wae jeved, nor ict us be epmind(ul of the Cangers wo hav A just y ‘of the real question recently at irae will justly qual y us to determine what the Gives intended im their recent vordict. The leading op: position to the democracy acdremsed themselves portion of the contederaey, The ce mocracy contended that the | sion was instit: ted afer common dangers and common tacritices, and that all the m mbers of tbe federal compact anouid be treated alike. Upon that single teeue we bave come from con fet victorious a) Woenever and wherever ible qveation ia ly presented to tho great body of the american 1 bedeve will always be found standing by constitution and the Union. Bat we trois oUF recent victory will depea1 upon the manner we en admioistration whicd Ibave ap will eccomplish this rorvices of the ii i i 3 : Fi 3 33 Hi ; li t i ji z i 5 ge a8 s Ls £ i 5 i r i i i F Hf Prt 3 3 iz £ 3 ; : t F u FiF35F FH i By H § $ $s i i : i i Revolvtion ‘The Governor of the State of New York —was ree ponded to in a humorous strain. that exelted the frequent Inughter of the company, by Mr Fuvan F. Peavy Ment, which wae rece!yed with joud In conection, Mr. P. gave the fovlowing seat. | S10" appinase -——————______. The Minioter from Soacagus. Dow Fecmin Ferrer, aad the Governtmeat he reoresents— May they coment the umes of tho Anglo American and ¥; b americyn reoublics, even ax the Lathans 4! Nioarneas double continent sad brings into Aarmouions consection tuo @oeans thal weal tis Opporste shor ys: Mr. Faken, 00 rising to respand, was recotved with enthuaiastio cheers. He reptio! ia Spanieh, whion waa rendere1 into Koglisb by his tolerproter, ax followa:— Gentiomen—It affords mo tom uimost piwasure to hear the Boble and friendly sentiments of repuolican bar @ony. | Democratic prinotpies wiil entiroly snd @ tendency to the frateraal union of both republics, and the love of liberty nd country are tho two priceiples thet must govern all vations Tho skilful navigator marks on his chart tho shoais which nave eadangered his vessel, that he may avoid abipwreok im tho future; but the thousand errors which have drowned with toarn and blood the ushappy soil of Nicaragua, avd the while of Cen tral America, bave aot sufllood to correct the or rors which bave involved thai uuhappy oountry in mis- fortune, The canse that now sustains Our government in worod Cause Of the free in both homispherns, (AD: pis it is the owuso heroical y raalntataed by Gen iittem Walker, the adopted gon of Nicaragua, apd hor cleokd Presiden! (kenewed applause.) It will éri- umph, jor It bears the seal of justice, bappily bas the sympathy of this great peopie, and then the Norin and the routh, with tho entire civilized world, will share tho benetits of tne great results which must follow her suc- cess §=( applause.) Tho fifth regular toast was— The Oity of New York—ihe commercial oapital of the United alee—A prodigy of progress, even in country whoa entire growih « miracal be is equally pre emt nent in the commanding force with which she ausiains the coa stitution and the Union, sending an able and waited demoorn:ic Gelegation to Congreas and to the Mate Legislature, and diag With viglant democratic seatiueis every post in the city and county government, Mr. Joun Van BUREN responded as follows:—Mr. Grand Sachem and gentlemen, [am moet bappy t» compiy with Your call ta responding to this admirabie sentiment No- thing could be more then the celebration in the cliy of Now York and at Tammany Hall of the groat vic- tory which we commemorate tonight. Many remem- ber, and all have heard, that shortly aftor the victory of New Orleans, Jackson, who became afterwards so near ‘and dear to us politically, as he has been to the country, visited tho oity of New York and was reosived withia the walls of Oid Pammany—recetved as his {riends are re- ceived to night. And itis ft and proper that gl abould moot here who supported kim through his long and chequered career, in the place where be was received 60 soon alter the victory, to celebrate, perhaps, another event connected with it equally important to the prospe- rity of the United States. (Applause) 1 have always felt proud of the city of New York; and being proud of it, Tam proud, too, of its democracy, because I consider when we speak of the city we speak of that which gives character and distinciion to this great metropolis. It i» @ curious fact—too late it may perhaps be now par- ticularly to refer to #, but it ts acurious fact—that the Breat political contests of this country have depended more immediately upon the democracy of the city aad county of New York than upon any other locality ia this Union. Before the great civi! contest of 1800, Jeflersen Was defeated in the campaign of ’96 by John Adame. The entire New Engiand States voted for Mr. Atams— New York also voted tor him, and her vote defeated Mr. Jetierson, In the next contest, in 18.0, the city of New York—the electors being then choren by the Logis.ataro determined the Presidentia) election, and the victory of Mr. Jefferson in 1800 was owing to the fact thai the olty eleoted a democratic delegation to the Legisiature, and thus gave the electoral vote to Thomas Jetlerson. Plause) Then, as now, a sect had sprang up as Gangerous as the republicans, proposing to prosoribe men in consequence of ‘their religious faith, end an allen and Sedition Jaw was passed for that purpose, Then, as now, the cliy of New inevitably inspire York roee to prostrate John Adama and tho Alten aod | Secition law. (Appiause.) And it is equally to be ob. rerved that in every new politicai qaostion, or any new action of the democratic party, th city of New York tekes precedence of the Sisto !n advocating democratic principles. Whero waathe city of New York when tho Wwhoie Siate was for # tariff of provoction? [i was iacliaod to low duties, and in a suort time the party of tie Union came to the standard of the d«mocracy. Nover did the | city of New York present s more commanding aspect thao, a3 bar been 80 well stato, it does now. A majorily ©! 26,000 againat imolerance and proscription ta couse quence of religious faith or the place of birth, and against an effort to break up this Union by’ the agita- tion of the question of slayery—souding & untied do- legation to Congress—a clean p—neariy « waited delegation t> the State Legisiature—a Joige and Corporation Counsei—a Governor of the Alms house—presenting herself in a position of commanding power. (Appianse ) When sho does ali this—whea so 1s representing herself in this way—what do wo fiad’ We are told the city ts another Ezypt. Every place that didn’t koow enough to vote tur Fremont, or that knew too moeb to vote for Fillmor esuribed ne keypt. (Lang fs pot thin etiya pretty © ‘With her millions of wealth, her colioge ties, her quarter million of newspapers 6 ber professors, her artists and lawyers, hor independent and Drinoes—why if this te Lgypt York ‘# worthy of sil thas Teterence to her, Sho or an aepect well — oalouia to excite the p je of every democrat in the Union. (Applaute.) very American knows (bat the best thing that cau hap. pen to any people on the {ase of God Almighty’s oarta, i= to bo governed by Americans; and so when ® magulll cont Krritory like Cuve is ley ing tu the lap of tho United States, what power on earth, finding this tempting mor fei in ite Isp, could resist the temptation to pot its arm around fis neck’ (Laughter.) No trouble with sa intelligent and iniucniial nod active constituency like this, in taking the lesd in any of those great movements (Appiause.) 1 exoondtagly obiiged to you for the kindness you have shown me. (Cries ol “go on.”) T not only wont go on, but will apologies (ur going on as long as Ihave. | will now give you— ‘The Democracy of the Ci Sounty of New York —May it laaven now, «8 haa leavened, tae Stace of New York. (Cheers.) The sixth reguiar toast was then given — James Buchanan, the Prosident Klect—Cleag In intellect are iu judament in danger, of o character, he haa a and how wy upon bis gar Of brilliaet public service in the highest ish Seure gu ~~ thet he will we. aod he covermment of the coun'ry Mr. Avovstes Scrat responded as foliows:—Mr Grand Sachem: [ iise Bt pour request to reapoad to the | toast just drank. I \# aot without embarrassment that [ ¢o 80; but when you call we must all apawer, and o#- pecially do we answer when a toast such as has been prevented ts read. (Applauee.) There are epochs tn the Distory of every country whiob we delight to refor to and awell upyn— the declaration of our the formation of our conatitntion in of Genera) Waabiogton in '%! leans im 18ld—eac! im their order commending our at- tention And eapec ally do the sons of & Tammany do Hight to bonor toe Inet glorious vement, as it brings tw \er memory Andrew Jackson, whose history s iden fed wiih the history of our covatry, aod whose lilo adda #0 much to i briflisocy aod present high position. Bet there i* one epoch in the history of our coun try which thore who honor ber ‘will more delight to refer to—tbat is 1! 1656. (Applause) On that dey was elected whose term of © and when wo recollect thestroggic which we have passed throvgh, the various intereste which were drawn into ibe discureion durtty the oarmpaign—when we recollect that ene section 0! our country waa arrayed against the other bea we reco.lect that for a time it seemed sa her merchant Now deen sald io horeeif sow sturdy mochacics, whore ts Athous Daw toough ‘anaticlem was to role the bor, and that tbe «th | © of November was 10 ring the koeil of our Usion—wo ¢avot but rejoice and be eravoful that that seme 4th of “tne Union must and sball bo preserved Pothasiastic cheering.) It on my part elect before this sasem part in the great fight which ve studied tbe life of James as joet Lorminaled jobanaD, who know | * when cause of his country in 1814. (Renewed applause.) From that time to the preseot he nes been exgaged in the councils of ovr pation, ia the Cabinet of one of our i i sirel i i 1; Joba ©. Breckinridge, View President elect—An orator, 9 soldier, and @ staiceman, “withoul fear ana wihou' re We # patriotic old Kentucky baek to (be ranks ander her young and galiant leader aentume ni — The victory achieved atthe baitie of New Orieans on the ath of January, 1815, and the brillant triumph of the democrat: party cathe 4th of November, 1966, deserve to be comme motated for all coming ti ‘The eighth regular toast was as follows — ‘The Army and Navy of the Unite: Stales—Roth have nobly fulfilled the promise given by their invent heroiam—Ihe war of 1812 Liaminated the ocean with the biare of our naval vic lortes— the baitle of New Orleans aud the series of splendid triumphs tn Mexieo shes « like giory pon the American arms Col. Warn Brrwwrt at the close of an appropriate res: Ponse gave the following sentiment. ‘The democracy ot the rural districte—| they as ov i) eal brethren, mistain wilh ayerers, the chy of Rew face is the whieh our State should ocenpy. on the qeeation of 0 be could scarce bear arms, volunteered in the | » 3 Hon. Jonn Coounsme rem, onded as follows—(rand de Sachem. It te hardly necessarY for mo on this oooasion and Ai thie bour mor toadyint 20 the epitome of the his tory of our sootety, which the toa %t just orack presenta; deed, I very much toubt whetaer’ a0y axpiifiostion o Add to its comprolensivencss of Ia wuage or to Its o plice delineation of the po'itieal ona, cteriatics oatitied te Our apolause. Yes 80 cordial are the rviations invariably established be'ween Tammavy and her Membre, and so ¢xpansive, that the opportunity for romatk upon ber vir- tuen is very apt to be emp'oyed by them «a the occasion of her panegyric. { confess myself, wir, an.eoable to thts weakness; and sbali on!y hope to compress bd thoughts ‘wittta the limit agmonished by the lateness of the hoar, aud your already tasked patience. Whore foot prints are discoverable ail over, it is difficult te trece their order, or to determing their rolauows; ner would the knowiodge if stainable, avait any: beyond the fact of porsersion and occupation de by the general appearan: » of time, now stretohing towards three fourths tury of grave political events, we oDserve thal Poil toi change boars tho charactertet!c rinetpies, and te the mate witness of the @ rolmquish to the fam nang docicly, we may very Qptiquaiian tho iabors of (he catelogus, and ooatent our- | selves with the a:surance that the acomplishmont waa ours. (Cheers) Notan oceurrence signiliéd by your regular toasts that docs ut plead for the memory of owe sootety ; DOL AD «poe in our oventiul bistory that does not cembine wiih the progren of toe government @ per- fon of the history of Tammany. The gentiemen who have illuetra'od with thei eloqacuee the tousts alroady | drank, pave upeonaciously entored ite tronsury for dhoir facts; and the weil meri«d upplause which has greeted their efforte has been but tributary to the genius of ite democracy. (Applauee.) Sir, tho very name of Tam: many {3 to the demooracy as 4 bogie binet to the array of war. sever Abe leads, the conitct of principle Proceeds against error and the myriads of her disciples, ‘when confused in the struggle, have al cays boon raided under her victertous peuaona Yot, rir, hor uvefaineas bas not beon achieved without labor, nor the prodant of her labors been reoured wibout peril Tres of untried political experiment called the society into being. Ite origin was of people, and for the poopie, (Cheor- ing) Even befor fonndatton of the ecctety, in 1789, did the Tammany tation bave na active exir noe. Though not tully defined, yet under (no old artiales of conte. deration there was abundant evidence of opinion enter. tained by influential cittzons tn hostility to the popular principie. The eristooratic tendencies of consolidation already began to manifest ihemssives, to the alarm of alt patrlotic ano just thinking mea. Too consequence wae Datura! and immediate. Here, in Now York, tho first or- ganized movemont against this daageroas doctrine took form in the Tammany Seciety or Columbian Order, is success was commensurate with the undertaking, and a very little while witnessed among its mombers the luminaries of democracy. A struggle, however, was ap- proscbing, which was (o rock the Uvion to its centre. Tho suppressed animosities of various politina) contests at length exploded, and the campaign opened, which 1e- Suited in the election of Thomas Jeil:rson to the Prest- dency. During thie o im our country’s bistory the eforts of the society were ceaseless and effisactous the object of its organization waa fiy aitainod, and the triumph, with Jefferson, of the indepen dense of the State goverrmenis, was, with Tammany, the triumph of the liberties of the 0. (Appiause.) And 59, through the sharp copiiicts whion sustained Matson, to the for- ble Orgapization which supportes Monroe, ever ab post were tho sous of St. Tammany, to guard egainat tosidious or open atack the guaranteed equality of the copfed+ rated St; Such were the ad- vancewof ihe roclety’s early carcer; its Inter stages have been Slivstrated by events no less important The here who at New Orleans gave toa people a country and him | self to fame—Anarew Jacksou—(Choers)—#as enrolled among iis members,sud enlisted iis enthusiasm ie military virtues were enhanced by the sound demoorney of bis opinions The eifort was long, arduous, and at loowth succeeafol Then were given to tho country « | series of measures of mealcriablo beneilt, The colosmal | power o’the United States Bank gave way dolore the sturdy reeistance of the poputor voice. Lin’ expenses of the gov: government were more st re powerfully restrained in ihe ba ion supported in the tuco of the cvillz Sheh was the Avgusian age of the democratic party. (Cheers) The successive admiotstrations of Van Burea, of Polk, and of Pwreo each bas huag its trophy on the Walle of the Old Wigwam, An independent \rearury cor cted the monetary evils of an unchecked banking fystem, apd bas at length established the trae and off. cient corrective of the inequalities of ‘ute ox- cbrpge. A domato fairer, and as rich as thi the ‘Orieot, bas brew added to our territories and a suniike luetre been shed Gpou oor army, ‘The first elfeotive reps towards free trade hus secured @ Keciprocany Cresty @t | home, and abroad, national ecu’ ty and howor repone te the sacred character of an Amorioan olvizon (Ap plaure ) Another event yet waite in tho taiure to com pieie for the Sootety te gerinna of democratic measures ibe agitation which toned men's minds to madnans is sab- Siding With the storm Thought begins to Mind {ls accustom. | ed ohenrecis. avd to basten to ihe | cratic exertion On ine ain of Mare! | chapan will aesume Presidential faaction | ¥ Of tbe politietan; but! soe por y Wetener’s face @ just sonfidence that ta Mr. Hochanao’s mossures ogi Ond conatitudional re sure, fir, that neither threat nor Violepee wii! contribute to the rewult; bat us coming wilt © recegnized Iu a sanake ODM 0 of toe equal rigbte of the contoderated States, whi may be their Comertic jartitutions, ane of the equal rights of al oer whatever their roligion and whorever (Applause) Grane Sachom, T trust that shail Le tolerated, notwitbstand «g my unconscionable trespass upon yCur time, wben submit ing my coveiudiog cro (Cheers ) emarks We are now ‘upon third quarter of the | Oret century ot our existence Py an eloquent voles je © to tho call of ovr muster roll. The pairiote amd the men to wtom we once looked have boon takem trom among us. ‘Their places are vacant at te Never again will they or her diss optive eff ot ocuous to us, Our srried i pot be exhomed by thrir sons peace Brothers, do not isturb tt. At the conciusion of Mr, Cochrane's remarks, man Who war undersivos to hall from the rare distriews addressed the company. lt was easy, be sald, for a mam to bo a democrat mm the city, In wight of Tammany Halt, Dut it waa quite apether matter im the coontry, [am iad that James Boohanan is elected, for he ‘sa man from whose heart flower all the—all tao—all the--(fowr- \ebiog bis banda in the alr)—well, what niall i aay? D—a it, anything that will do—I havo \t—all the corres catons of a mighiy men (Laughter) Now, | waotte tell you Unere is boli to pay in the rural district. Am 1 aii right? Am I tp order Caan Sactim— Yen, air; go on Gxerimwas saom Ruwst Dormict—Weil, you know howl 8 to pay up there. sb & member af sae Coles, ) The wi 0 | eould kinder mao—'f | don't d—n (Lang bier.) Aller tia gratifying pleco of nformation the gentlemen from the rural o: trict resumed bis seat Tho remainder o! the regoiar toasts wore then read — The Memory of Lor Sbepard, late (rand Sechom— Brnivent asa lawyer ve (nfueatia. sae democrat, be- loved ag amnag The Nationsi V November i86—Ac- soumation and ia the tory of the #th of c org excited the od bh the demo 4 vo lena sig pally thao celebrate : nig! An Unecrruptibie and Supp OF Of frre institer Veman—F ira and last on our Lips, and always in our hearts, ‘The two first were responded to by Mr. Wm J. Rese apd Mr Thompson. Mr. Hosea B. Perkins reaponded to ‘the iat toast in @ peculiarly happy aad appropriate maa- i er ‘The following are the volunteer toasts presented — By master Joun Jacksow Dovtar—Jackson and Buchamaa Ireland, that emerald, set ia the ring of the sea, was ihe birth pigee of their anc emore— Hoth wil berememberel while that sea beats apen its abore By Sachem Tyvowss Dos isr—Jackson and Buchanan—Owe crushed the pride of Great Isritain at New Orleans, and over- threw s moneyed monster. ihe other. in the Inve = Psat oretionsliam. disusion, ant satan s body guard #7: ber at the heat mph at 3 Lehtioned Presa ~The evidence and By James M Bocmax sx, of Maryiand—The friends of the Union, the frienda of the bave fou food fight, they and ibey have won for themse(ves ai imperinable glory Ry Hon. H. Hinsann. of New Hampehire—Our national Ce morracy—As i merita eo |i #! Lever comman the ailecuon The oew repuclican conver, ae they merit so they wil receive the due to fase de veted ne ae By Hon. Jouw M. Know. of St. Louls, Mo.—Andrew Jacke. o> Homest firm aod patriotic wisdom to direct awe to execute a nobie exemple > his countrymen, om the beitiefield or tn the councils of Btate. Ry Purser Gro J Hawnrs, United #tates Navy —The pre eer t Ii can be permanentiy insured only ' the indigpensabie compromises By Foenwax Mofeas, of Niagara county, ¥. ¥.—The dew tity of federaiism—Io al! ite phases ax weil ‘and ae conepienous ae tbe triumphant victory achieved by our ge lant demoersey Ry C. 8. Framxiny Neb w of the Ameriean people New York—James Buchanas, th om the Attracted by its lustre, the people of the Old World will be induced to seek nm cut happy shores. By Tuomss J. Saere, Washington, D. C.—Civil and ret | gious Lnerty, the glory of man. Py Jawes Manne, Wohi D.¢.— Jaereon said, © it mast and abat be preserved.” flection of James Buchanan. renerated Carsasc, of Texae—| oe of the republie of the birth and civil and religions liberty urder tne constitution of ur glo rious Union, The ninth recuiar toast was then given -— ‘The Tammany Society—Founded fo 17%) on ite own nobles m of “Civil and Rengions Liberty, the Glory of Maa. ue the memory a th of ite founders—ap consti‘ ation ot nm Siruction of that sacred inst met. 1 hax attemptg to violate any of ita provisions. to Pence, of proneription. op int ™ ion (he tiene. y and adoption We revresoate the gare preress of (he ome a working ent the regene ation 0! ibs other. Obituary. The I iverpool Merowry of the 94th ult. says: ¥ ter day an inqnest was beid on Mr. George Downing ‘tao Mer, fesond o' of who be was accidentaliy etruck tho Dare ard jammed against the davite, from juries De diet at hs residence, No, 77 Upper Parl enens A Verd ch Of “Acgidentally killed’’ was ree riod