The New York Herald Newspaper, January 6, 1857, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIEFOR. SIPICE X. W. CORNER OF NARSAU AND FUgron ere. acannnanenannanncomnnenane Bibi HER CLD. 2 conte per copy 4 4 x per BRERLY HERALD cory Bate efi omy. er ewan; the European adh, par arma, $0 ‘part of reat ‘or $9 © ay, port af the Orntinens, VOLUNTARY OORRRS? ONBENCE, eonsaining iaport CES Se cee na Merely paul jor, Ad a Poumes OokAm roNDES' Rw ,omerma vo Sma aus Larrans 4ND AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. wawar THEATRE, Breadway—Gaawan Orms— A BILLO@ GARDEN. Davauren oF Tue Beeimene BOWERY SHEATRE, Bewery—Kie6 Joum- -Gam, Mie aw Buspmaw. BURTON fT NEW THEATRE, Brondway, oy pesto Bent at. Paso s7168—J NY Line. ALLACK’S THEATRE, Breadway—Ay¢ Awewsen An wy. Vd em AWATAA—GOMNG TO TER HACE. Mere Fowng sevcnus. MARKUWS ANERIOAN MUSTAW BAURA KERNWS THEATRE, €24 “Broadway—Spoorn eS any WhoNSS oF Ores Hormer Maw an. BW. CHRIETY 4 WOODR MIMATHEL, 441° Lreadway— Mears Fexronnsxcs—New Yak Calis, LEDS RERERADRRS, ANB Summ pgas, ae _—=—= Bow York, Tucsday, Januany ti, 1857. ——K=—_<*=<—=={={_ [=== Yiaills fec Europe. TEP HEW YORE BKRAL—EDITIO! POR BUROFB. The Ousard wtoamanip Boropa, Capi. Toitch, will leave “Wits port to worrew for Liver pool. Peo Baropern mails *vill clove to thie city at BeArIer pare ton ‘SiOO Lo-morrow meraing. ‘Tee Bur mean edition ¢/ the Harsan, printed tp French aé Bop)! m, will be purlished a) pine c’clook wm the mora- WE Mr Ere Copies, in wrappers, eixprace. Suber pep ove and ecvortisemenie:s any edition ef the ew Y rar’ Heas1y wt) be received of the following pimces Be ee — Ton pm & Pere van Express. $i King William mt, do. € Piace de In Bowree, 9 Caaoe! carect, Faw — Bo. FEE pren— 1. do. BW) ares: —Jobn Beater, 14 Becbenge sireet, Fast. The contents of the Duroposn edition of the Hammary Wt deumbine the aows received #7 mall aud Wlograpd nt podice during We previocs wick, and up lo the bour WMpabiicntion “Phe Now se ‘The Legisiatere of thie Biate will assemble twelve o'clock to-day in the Capitol at Albany. The Benators, with che exception of Hon. John P. Dar Bog, who wae chosen lasi-fel!, in the Thirtysocond district, te Gl the vacancy occasioned by the death of Hon. Roderick White, were elected in 1835, and ave served one session; but the delegates of the Hovre of Hepresentativer are all newly elected, and moet of this afternoon wil probably be consamed in adwinistermg the oath of office to the members. ‘Phe organization, however, will probably be perfect- ed in time for the Governor to send in his message, im which «vent it will eppear in to-merrow mern- The political complexion of the L- img’s Beaacn. gislature 1s a8 follows — Sep atTe—Hepedlcanz ... ‘The republican mem iy ‘m caucus upon Mr. Litejobn, of Oswego, bany, for Clerk. Of course, the repeblicane wil elect vheir candidates. In the Senate yeeterday the morning hour was eceupied in discussing a report from the Court of Claime. The point ender consideration was, whether the decisions of the Court of Claims are binding upon Congress. Tie is an important questien, and the resnlt is looked for with much interest. So far the indications are that the decisions ef the Court will be regarded asGnal. The majority of the Judi- siary Commit ce reported in favor of ousting Sena- tor Harlan, of lowa,whose election the lowa Senate have protested egaiset. Mr. Toombs will ¢resent fhe views of the minority,and the case wih proba- diy come up for argument today. The bill provid- f accounts of Revolucionary wfficers was then taken ap. Mr. Seward advocated the The House met, and adjourned with deing anything of the teast impor- ‘Caper, save refusing to suspend the rules to take up the Pacific Railroad DL). The Committee's ocheme will, therefore, have a Letter chance whee it is re- ported. A motion toteke up the bill for inorsasing img for the settlement Lill, and Mr. Pugh opposed it. the pay of army officers was defeated. Both boards of the Commou Coan? Aldermer lentine wee chosen clerk: Joun Chambers, deput clerk ; Chrietian B assictent clerk< H.M.Parker, messenger: ond Terence Smith, doput mossenue.. eban: di James Little; sergeant-at @oorkeeper, B. T. E Green. Mayor Wood’ el of which moy be found ia other colamns. The January te sions commen sidiwg. There not being « sufficient number ¢ Grand Jorors presem? to constitute a quorum, they were discharged till *his moruing. After disposing of ove or two unimportant cases the court adjourned fer the day. ‘The steamship Jame: Adger miled on New Year's day from Norfolk for Ban Jus, Nicacagua, with the pareengers and freight of the Tennesse, which pot in at thetirst named port so diaabied as not to The Texas left be able to proceed on her voyage. New Urieans on the 28th ol!. with €ve hundred em: grants ond a lagre quantity of provisions fer Wal- ders wrmy ker the charge of Coienel P. T. Man aows, the of the Nicaragua government. The New Orlesus Pieoyune cays the Colonel roes at er that ee may arrive at the exact candi Fe Wa fw army, and place hie cause fw» preper light Lefore the people of tia country. We lea from Messrs. Perrier, agents of the Franco American Steamsbip Company, thut the qassengers of the Vigo were ali landed in safety, bot that die damawe to Che steamer was of #0 se t it would be necessary to die ascertaia what repairs would rious a nature ¢ sebarge ber cargo & “be required to enable ber to continue her voyage. Almon N. Waketield, of Otsego county, has been “appointed chief clerk ia the office of the Secretary ot state, ia place of Morgan 1. Schermerhor: Bored. The rales of i000 rales, Wiour wae iu fair Gemand, without change of im Broadwey—Eraues @ynms—Try, Wonss>--Pus Jaws Toros— ‘Broatway—Kygorian for Speak- ez, and Mr. Richarésee, of Albany, for Clerk. The democrats have nominated D. R. F. Jones, of Queene, for Speaker, and John 8. Nafew, of Al- Bergunived at noon yesterday, the Mayor administering the oath of office to the members. Mr. H. li. Hoffmire, of the Filth ward, was oboser President of the Boerd of bot declined the honor, and Mr. John Clancy, of the Sixth ward, was chosen. Dif. Ver Wootrwf and Simon Myers, vatrick(.culagher, sergeant at-arrus; The folowime uamed gentlemen were elected Aificers of the Board of Councilmen:—Pre sident, Jonas N. Phillips; clerk, Charies T. MeCiena- y clerk, John A. Towle: assistant clerk, Nicholas M. Stidell; Mewage Was received, and -the Presidente elect delivered jaangural addresecs, 2 of the Court of General Ses- yesterday, Judge Russell pre- sytton yesterday embraced about the macket closing Arm at fall prices. Wheat was ‘NEW YORK HERALD, TU“SDAY, JANUARY 6, 1867. | que nomny Conruptior.s at Washington—Tte | move required 0 put a chock to thie e7ating ‘Warnings ‘ef Experience, — We have recured, an active ally against the lobby corruptions ‘at Washington, and in quar | Senate eommittee of inquiry into the schemes, ter where leas?, expected. Read the pongent little editorial of the Richmond Hnguirer, which we have tray sferred to this paper. Our Virginia Seward, Master Weed, the Chevalier Webb and tions of the various corrupting appliances of the “lebty , members,” and expresece the opinion that “the evils of lobby legislation are growing in | pe mayor's Messege—The New City Charter POV ver and micchief, and that unless some check | By reference to the Mayor’s message, which is T.nterposed, the extravagance and corruptions | wi)! be found elsewhere, the arguments against 7 government will debauch the natienal charac- | the proposed echeme of the republicans to trans- ter, and afflict the country with all the ourses of | fer the government of the city from tle citizens Tampant and universal protligacy.” against “the lobby interest,” we are encouraged @ general striking analogy between the bank Van Beren epoch, and the railroad, stockjobbing jubilee of paper money inflation, excessive ticians and political financiers througheat the country. Some very interesting disclosures of committee of investigation, including the die covery ¢f a loan of some fifty-two thousand del- lars ($62,675 87} we believe) to Chevalier Webb, and which, if we are not mistaken, was finally sponging process of the Bankrupt law of 1843. Next, with the removal of the deposits from the United States Baxk to the pet State benks, they adopted the peticy of a liberal expansion of their circulation upen the basis of these deposite; al their perniciows example soon took the shape of a universal epidcmie, which “ran bike the cholera.” At thie distant day we look back with emazement at the morbid infatuation which ex- isted, and went ov spreading from bad to worse, from the beginning of Jackson's war with “ the monster’ to the @nal collapse of the petbenks, the outside banks—4he wild cat, red dog, ead shin- plaster banks of all kinds—and the geaeral pros- tration of the speculating, stockjobbieg, commer- cial, manufacturing, agricultural aud working classes in the terrible revulsion -of 1837. During this interval of the expanding bubble, even under the sharp eye of Old Hickory, corrupt spoilsmen and lobbymen fir:t began to wield their «malign inflaences at Washington upon a large scale. Under the pliant or indif- ferent Van Buren, the federal administration, from its financial excesses, corruptions and defal- cations, ecame among all people. and “the Littke Magician’ the profligacies of the Van Buren edministration, the investigating committees and ihe disclosares of Henry A. Wise and others in Congress, were as useful to the public as the Cambreleng Board of Inqvisitors against Biddle and his bank. The bank rag and stockjobbers’ saturnalia, ex- tending from 1830 to 1836, and involving every part of the country, and all classesef the people in the general crash of ruin and benkruptcy pre- cipitated upon us in 1837, was.all built up and broken down, we may say, upon the basis of those government deposits of some twenty-five or twenty-seven millions of dollars. “Bat how stand we now’ Inthe place of Biddle’s monster and the pet bafike, we have a new financial power !.. the land—a sert of general oligarchy in the raii- road companies of the country, representing an ogeregate capital of ‘twelve bundred millions of dollars—operating, upon the one hand, under ny dollars per month trom California, end upon the other band, in land grants from Congress, rap, ing from a few bundred thousand acres to sony local road, to two, three, five, or ten millions, + the case may be; the grand contemplated cov» dat being the joint stock Pacitic Railroad con- # piracy, comprebending an alliance of companies ftom the great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, and ao absorption of the cream of the public lands within thie area of not less than one hundred and twenty-five millions of acres. ‘Thus it will be perceived that the railroad land jobbers and the Washington Congressional lobby, with al) ite gambling and spoils afliliations, are leading off in that “rampant and eniversal profli- gacy” of the present day, which threatens us, from its extending debaucheries, with e revulsion in due season tenfold greater than than of 1837. We have now some 24.000 miles of railroads io operation, against some 7,000 mileain 1850. These 17,000 miles of railroads in six years have been built very largely upon loans and oredit— most of them do not pay expenses, and very few, y y collapses nad bankruptcies among them, do what they may, and a general cras)), involving banke, merchants, and every other interest in the country, is just as likely as anything else. Three millions of gold per month fornia will not sustain much longer the present universal rage for speculation, stockjobbing vailroads and railread land jobbing, Congres sional lobbying. financial ewind!ing and general extravagance and dissipation. We can’t stand ; | & And the very worst feature of it all is, that gigentic “leabby interost,” w under the pices of Fillmore’s loose administration, and s deliberately corrupt dynasty of Pierce pnd bis Kitchen, bar risen to ite present enormous proportions in ite yean+ and appliances of plan apprehend, alsy, that many of iow ess of the Jackeon Van Buren epoch, such as Chevalier Webb and Thurlow Weed, are now deeper in the pus milliouaire echemer of Waehingtan lobby on than they ever wore in Biddle’e mon ster or the pet banks of Old Hickory. der and corruption. We old apoils compaigg po A Congressional committee into the uses, abus of investigation aumes, bribes and corra p- tions of the lobby, and particniarly in reference 6 to their railroad Jand grant and patent extension projects, including that transparent swindling trick: for refunding the duties paid by our railroad com panics opon their imported railroad iron, should be »ppointed. Ca cleng’s committee in the case of portance from Saturday's quotations. qniets © congo of choice white Southern seid at¢1 78, | the United States Bank, resulied in some very * Lend Southern rod st §) 55, Light ales of corn were | valuable discoveries; eo alse did the various inqal ws de at 68e. for Western mixed, from store, and } rice of Gov. Wise and others Into the corruptions he, for do, delivered. Souchern, yellow and white | ued profligate excesses of Van Baron's adminis. | were wt Tew Toe. Pork was unchanged, while | icon: pnt we think thet a bold and as | goles wens mo Vera) bs ged dh ys Bowe olen Congressional Committees, just now, upon th | sales confited to about hinds. Cuba muscovady as seni ‘ sigh '@ of coffee were confined to coo | athington lobby, would be equivalent to the a sea ene fio ot 1c; 8 11C- vd 100 mata Java at | €8¥iDg of millions of money and lands to the ve Fre pte we e fra er with moderate engare- Benin. pubic treavury aad the people. We go further, end Cevlarg itis ow fed beligf Wat tly fires Thie is onr epinion, We have herctofere en- | forth, The eubject has been freqeeatly treated Jarged upon it; but with the anexpected and | ip these columns, but when it ig remembered cheering astistanee of the Richmond Knguirer, | that the echeme is really likely t© be put in force to keep up the fire. We bave said that there is | espace eannot be devoted to it. cerraptiens and inflations of the Jackson and | whole of the misgovernment v.nd anarchy under and levby corraptions at Washington of the | division of authority which followed the repeal present day. From 1830 to 1836 we bad @ | of the charter of 1830. When the first clique re- specelations, impertations, defalcatione, and | the city government, to the detriment of the kite-ying and swindling transactions of every | Mayor, the first blew wos struck at good govern- description. First, the United States Bank, in | ment in New York. When that clique succeeded, ite-struggle for a re-charter, set the example of anarchy began. ezpansion in its accommodeting loans te poli- | this sort were made through C. C. Cambreleng’s | fable of Agrippa Menenius was ze-ncted at our settled in the release of the Chevalier by be | want to have the principle of the old manicipal a byword ane a reproach | do harm. If we want a Mayor at all, let him bea was indignently cast out. Upon this point, of | bands, with suflicient control over subordinate the general basiness impulse of three millions of | "8 capacity ax Ord indeed, pay a dividend. There will be inevitable | the werld of fashion and trade. from Cali Opera House ie « good and a pleasant thing, and conduct a strictly legitimate, and, we trust, a | ‘The country papers are still talking a great deal | had never been uttered, but only pledged as col- lateral, there is no saying what the result might not have been. Hantington might possibly have been at large, or sentence might have been eus- pended under a bill of exceptions. But the lawyers of the present day prefer stump «peeches to legal arguments. They ad- dress the reporters instead of the jury, and pre- fer quoting Shakspere to quoting Story or the Reporte, Thirty years ago there were great law- yers in New York; but latterly the race has died out; our present stars of the bar are mere dull stump speakers, The English and Raselan: Perma—A Speck im the Horizon. The movements of the Russians and English on the political chessboard are becoming curious. The Western kings and queens are all together spirit of “rampant and universal présfigacy,” fe a bold, wctive and independent House or agents, and meare and appliances of the “lobby interest” at Washington. We call upon Mr. other innocent “ lookers on in Vienna,” to aid us in procaring this committee. Let us have a tearehing committee. Is anybody afraid? tothe State authorities, will be foumd ably set this winter, it will at once be seey, that too much We trace, without the Mast hesitation, the of doing each ether @ mischief. which we are suffering to the consequence of the rotved to obtaim possession of a department of Their example was but too promptly and accurately followed. One by one, every department of the civic authority declared itself independent of the chief ‘bead. The old cost; we are at the present time witnessing the at any control. eaffering, and inanition to which rebellion against the head has reduced the limbs.of government. We desire to see this false stop retraced. We government—namely, the centralization of au- thority, and concentration of ‘responsibility—re- vived ; without prejudice te such departmental improvements as the progress of events has suggested. This is, as we understand it, the wish of Mayor Wood as wel! ; we commend all who doubt the accuracy of this view te peruse carefully the paragraphs of the message which bear upon the subject, An objection—the only one-—bas been raised hy certain of the republican presses, to the effect that it might be unsafe to confide so much an- thority te the hands of @ single man, who might misuse it, er apply it to corrupt party purposes. That argument is on a par with the reasoning of the old monks, who thought printing had been a curse because bad books had been circulated. Ev- ery cood thing is liable to abuse ; the lawyer may abure the privileges of the bar; the clergyman those of the pulpit: the newspapers those of types and press, And it is just as reasonable to gag the former, or to subject the latter to a cen- sorship, for fear they should do mischief, as it is to tie the Mayor’s bands for fear he should fact a Russian town. that oceasion has not been forgotten. be indispensable to secure the English have, therefore, tion of the Persian power in the Gulf. Euphrates, will give real personage, with substantial authority in his exccutive officers to make him answerable for their shortcomings, and with rope enough to hang or save himself as he is inclined. Let every precau- tion be taken in his selection. Let every precan- tion be taken to provide for his impeachment, trial, and punishment, in case of misconduct or malversation of authority. But, in the name of common sense, let us not have @ puppet Mayor, with no power te repress anarchy or insure good government, and merely the privilege of carry- ing into effect some of the bebests of a set of Procovsuls from Albany. We are not afraid that we shall have very bad Mayors, as a general rule, if the office is remod- eled to suit oar view. On the contrary, it ap- pears to us that it will become a very desirable office for rising men, and a stepping-stone to the Governorship of the te and the United States Senatorship. At Rome, a man always showed his Sdile before he rose to the Pra. torship, or a Proconsulate; and the practice was obviously founded upon common sense. A man who could, under the system we advocate, dis- charge the duties of Mayor of the city with credit and satisfaction to the people, would be alinost certain, under ordinary circumstances, of high political preferment afterward ; and thus we have no doubt the very best men in the State would become candidates for the Mayoralty. But at any rate, the public do not care by whom the city is governed, whether by a demo- crat, a republican, or a Know Nothing. All they atk is a good government of some kind. That cannot certainly be expected from the republican scheme for disfranchising the city to afford berths for certain country politicians. to the Mediterranean. is the condition of things, Russia i concerned. England, op the other hand, is in ments. first object of attack is to be Bushee, the prin- cipal port on the Gulf, having a considerable commerce. connoitered by some of the engineers surveying the line of the Euphrates Railroad. It will fel Resernectios ov cme Tranias Ovena.—Mr. Strakoech has published his official announcement conveying to the people of New York and the rest of mankind the pleasing intelligence that he will open the Academy of Masic on next Monday week, for representation of Italian Opera. The announcement has created a cheerful sensation in The dealers 'n opera cloaks, gloves, lorgnettes, bi jowtrrir, &e.. &c., skip like young lambs, and all the musical young ladies in the Fifth avenue sing out ef tune for joy. Seriously, however, the opening of the of the English become a very important place. Affghans, there are to be supported by a contin- gent force to be raised at Helat, a town norin- west of the Indus ‘ily reached from the British provinces in Tudia, and by that river from the Gulf. The Persian Shah, who writes his name Neseer ad-Din, is said to be an amiable and intelligen: personage. The has 80,000 infantry, more or) « regular, which have been drilied by European officers after the European fashion. His cavalry ore very numerous, but wild and disorderly. His artillery is said to be in admirable condition, and its practice excellent. This ix stated by Englis travellers themselves. The commerce of Persin bas never been very great. ilke, cotton, tobac- the new manager has everybody's best wishes. He must remember that the man who learns wisdom from the experience of other people buys cheaply a valuable commodity, which ix usually very expensive. Ile is perfectly well in- formed as to the careers of the operatic directors that have preceded him. Me will remember that we have had several manayers, all of whom ran against come snag or other. and were more or less lis exports are raw shipwrecked. Some went down all standing, | © rice, grain, sulphur, wax, horses, &o. Its in- with total lee of crew and cargo, and no inso- | ports are cloths, bardware, jewelry, metals, rence, while others were dismantled aod washed | dager, tobacco, kc. The balance of trade with every country bot India, isin favor of Persia, and it is adjusted in ducats, dollars, German crowns and silver roubles, which are paid out to the English merchants in exchange for their com- modities. These come from India, by the way of Bushire or Cabnl, or Trebizond, on the Black Sea, a port completely under British influence, and already the seat of a large and flourishing trade, chiefly in its hands. In 1841, when the treaty was made between Great Britain and Persia, (October 28, 1841,) it was agreed that the merchants of the two coun- tries should be reciprocally allowed to buy and | sell in any part of them, and that but one import and export duty should be levied on merchandise, in amount only that of the most favored European nations. The East India Company retained its abort? this fomous case; they do not seem to | Consul at Bushire, the home government was al- know what to make of the defence. The fact ie, | lowed to have Consuls at Teheran and Tabriz, simply, that Mr. Huntington's lawyers thought | and the Persians at Bombay and London. All more of making a fine show and seeing them. | these relations are broken up. solver disenreed at great length in the papers, ‘The question arises, will there grow out of these than of saving their client. Tad they rested } etycumstancee a war between Russia and Bog- hie deferce op the ground that the (rged Pepe | Jend ) Bitherto, they haye acted together at the azhore in a damaged condition. He will recol lect that Sanguirico and Patti failed for want of energy; that Signor Fry went by the board for want of tact, and that Maretzek, intoxicated by his partial saccess, entered the oratorical tield aml strove to imitate Demosthenes, Cicero and Stephen H. Branch. Mr. Strakoseh will do well to avoid all these errors; to attend strictly to bie business; t0 avoid quarrels with his artists, if possible; but by all means to keep his private affairs from the public eye, and above all to make no epeeches. By following thie advice he may perfectly successful operatic campaign. Tre Lawyers ix THe Howtixeror Case.— | in one corner watching each other with affr.cted, civility, and attempting a safe game ; but ‘in tae East, the pawns and the knights, the blyok and vhe red, ere pushing about with evideat ‘.ntention ‘This affair may be considered #5 a straggie, hitherto diplomatic, between the two great Powers (but bloody enough at times among the Shahs and chieftains who have been victimized by their diplomacy) for the possession ‘gqugsre terri- ‘tory in the East. Persia, between tne Caspian and the Persian Galf, flanked on the east by Affghenistan and Beloochistan, has thus far been a bacrier between the Russians and Engiish, keeping both aggressive parties at respectable distances, and at the same time holding in check the refractory tribes which, on either side, chafe We take it for granted that the British agents in Persia having abandoned the field to the Rus- tians; the present Shah has acted under their advice with less diftidence than usual, and that the capture of Herat has not happened by chance. This is the gate to the high road of travel and commerce with India, and in the pre- sent relations between Persia and Russia, is in An expedition to Herat overland, would be difficult and dangerous, The English, if we mis- take net, were there in 1840; but they do not relish the contests they have had with these mountaineers. The Affghan war taught them that they were no despicable enemy, and the me- morable account of Lady Sale’s sufferings on Besides, there is a feeling of uncertainty as to the pro- bable conduct of those native rulers who are yet independent, and whose alliance would success of operations directed from the Pupjanb. The very prudently determined on a war of reprisals, and the destruc- Here they will bave a great advantage strategically and politically. The capture of the provinces on the east shore of the Gulf, Lauristan and Kherzistan, the poesession of the outlets and mouths of the them the control of the great soutbern terminus, and many impor- tant points on the route of the proposed railway If Russia takes part with the Shab, the corps dermée commanded by General Perowski, will have a long and dreary march across the country to sustain him against his invaders upon the Gulf. But the position of the Russians strongly menaces India, and has every appearance of being aggres- sive. A flotilla on the sea of Aral, fifty thousand men on the rivers Oxus and Jaxartes, and Herat in the possession of the Persians, give significance of what might be done in that quarter if the principal parties proceed to blows. This, then, n a position ‘o endanger the East India possessions of Great Britain, and to repress her policy so far as the future acquisition of provinces to the north is position to slice Persia into a mere sandwich, ani by her movements along the shores and the bea! of the Gulf, to drive her back upon her sen.- barbaric capitals into obscurity, to commane with the giants and genii of her ancient entertain- Our correspondents in Bombay, as long ago as September last, advised us of the activity which prevailed in the government wrvenals, and the preparation of an expedition to Persia. Our last accounts are that nine first class war steamers, twenty-eix vailing transports, and six thousand efficient troops had sailed from Bombay for the Gulf,and as many more have left England for the same destination. The naval forces are to be commanded by Admiral Sir Henry Leeke, and the land forees by Gen. Sir James Outram. The It has recently been thoroughly re- an easy prey to the aseailants, and in the bends If the Persians should attempt to harrass the court of the Shah, moderating b’ 5 wartike spirig, and arging him to conciliator 7 measures with his neighbors. Now, Russian diplomacy is triam- phant, the English agenty nave withdrawn, and Herat has fallen. The key to India * j% therefore, in the Czar’s pocket, and India ° » the casket which contains the greatest trear ares of the British crown, It must be got bac’ ¢ and kept out of his reach. This can only be ¢ jpne by vigorous and decisive mea sures in the“ suf of Persia, and upon the border- ing provin ea ‘The command of the mouths of the Euph gates, and a portion of its western bank: will €0” gble the projectors of the Valley Railroad to se° sare its construction to the Mediterranean— 10 germit the further application and use of 4am upon the waters of the river—and to monopolize the beat part of the trade of the country south of the Caspian. Keeping what she conquers, the English East Indian territory will almost trench upon Europe, and become the greatest dependency of modern ages. In this view of the subject. the operations we have glanced at become important; and while the new Congress of Paris are looking at Bolgrod and studying their maps, it would not be time mirspent to cast their eyes a little to the south and east of the Black Sea, examine the Caspian and the sea of Aral—trace the Oxus on the one side and the Euphrates on the other—and, “when done, make a note of it,” in time. Territerial Expansion—Its Commercial Cha- racter and Results. Territorial extension is undoubtedly the cha- racteristic movement of the age. Everywhere we see it rife. In America, New Mexico, Cali- fornia and Arizonia are its signs. In Africa, we have France extending the boundaries of Algiers, and Great Britain shoving the limits of the Cape Colony northward. In Asia, Russia has eaten China out of the Amoor river, and has now got a foothold much farther south at Chusan: while England is declaring war against Persia, and talking of a military demonstration in Southern China. It even exists in crowded Europe, not to mention the Bessarabian provinces. The Zolve- rein of Germany is the same thing. ‘This move- ment, in fact, is the true key to the whole policy of territorial extension. In the feudal ages ter- ritorial extension meant the spread of some monarch’s sway. In the present, when, to use a trite phrase. commerce is king. it is nothing more than the extension of trade without the bars of tariffs and Custom Houses. In sh@rt, it is the extension of free trade; and each commercial centre of the world is endeavoring to increase its markets. This is the case with the United States, England, France and Russia. The effect of the success of this policy upon the several centres from which each movement ema- nates, can be studied in our midst, though per- baps the resultshere heve been somewhat greater than in Europe. Since the acquisition of Cali- fornia and New Mexico the commerce of the United States has nearly coubled, while the com- pleted railways are more than twice the number of miles that they were eight years ago. Though mueh of this increase bas been owing to the na- taral law of our progress, yet a very large por- tion of it is due tothe stimulus it received from the application of Anglo-Saxon euergy and en- terprise to elements that had lain for three cen- turies dormant around us. No sooner was California open to our people than its immense hidden wealth was brought to light, and soon poured a mighty stream of gold into the channels of the circulating medinm throughout the world. New York received the ereatest benefit, because itis the commercial centre of the country, and New York tor- tunes immediately expanded to amounts that but a few years since were fabulous among us. The example of California rted Australia, and the AngloSaxon pecter, with the experience acquired Indian river, and other California localities, -oon Jaid open the hidden treasures on the east- ern shore of the Pacific. Thove who think that this commercial move- ment has reached its culminating point, greatly mistake the signs of the times, I+ is but in its infancy, whether we view it in America, Africa or Asia, That the Anglo-Saxon phase of it will produce the greatest results everywhere, we do not doubt, for the movement i# in accordance with the innate impulses of the race. Land and trade lie close to the Saxon heart, and twine around all ite veins and arteries. When Mr. Fill- more, not the would-be President, but he who has been sent over bere by the London Times to act as its special correspondent, said at the New Eng- land dinner, a few days since, that Great Britain and the United States were the two great branches of the Anglo-Saxon race, the one moving west and the other east, till they should meet as friends upon the walls of China, be uttered a great Saxon truth. And when the sons of the Puritans who listened to him, appleuded with wild enthusiasm, they bore witness to that truth, and unwittingly conjessed the great impulse that underlies all the other strata ef their hearts. That New England dinner, and that Briton’s speech, were but the volcanic upheavings of the fires that burn in the Saxon bosom everywhere. The course of this great movement upon this continent is apparent to every thinker. Arizonia, just budding into life, will soon build the Pacific Naflroad with the mineral wealth now hidden in its bosom. No aid need be sought from Congress ; no scheme of plunder of the public lands com- bined. The Isthmus routes, too, bringing the immense commerce of the Pacific to the doors of our New York merchants, enter largely into i*} But perhaps, above all in value to our own co: § merce, are the dormant resources of Mexic § When once Anglo-Saxon energy shall have been applied to them, and our intelligence and our enterprise carried there to establish good gover § ment and safely for individual possession, the commerce of out city will again double in eight years, and perhaps even leas, and the whole world be benefitted by the change, Events are now preparing for this result in Mexico. Comonfort bas struck a deathblow to that nightmare of his country, the church organi- zation, and now seems about receiving his own coup ve grace from the enemies that have sprang up on,all sides around him. He has prepared the way in some measure, and wishing to tread it himself, weke Anglo-Saxon counsel and aid from our government. Whether he receive it or not, An- glo Saxon energy and enterprise must go there, ond will, With @ true appreciation of our own interests, we eny let it go, and the sooner the letter. It is a part of the territorial extension of the realm of King Comme Fasntoxamen Porrtican Parttes.—Some of our fashionable people have lately gotten up a new fensation by giving fashionable parties with & political tinge just sufficient to keep the coun- try trem going to perdition, and sa‘isfying the reyuirements of bigh eoriety at the samp time | i te W. Giover, Thirty two were present. “1 Jones, ot (ucewm, Waa nominated for Speaker, Jown # Nalew, of Albany, for Cleric, and Sherman Mo Niagara, for Sergeant st-Arme consiating of Jedge Scott. of Saratoga, John Hanford. 0% Kings, and Joba D. Hixon, of New York. j ‘They have the discussion of the last land bill before Congress with the quadrille—get upe. Missouri compromise on salad and champagne; and finally dissolve the Union in the grand crash of the German cotillion. Thus we hear the finest accounts of @ political soirée given by Senator Cooley in the Fifth avenue, the other night, and Moses H. Grinnell has issued pasteboard for another this evening, at which we presumeall the great lights on the republican side will be present, and make metry over their defeat, trast- ing for better Inck next time. It is not fair, however, to allow that sidv of the house to have all the fan, Why don’t the triumphant demo- cracy dance a polka or two by way of celebrating their victory. Where is the old Seventh Ward‘ Shall the np-town people monopolize all the po litical parties? Shall vot the Sachems of off ‘Tammany have a war iance in the wigwam of the mighty brave, Captain Rynders? Shall mt Henry street resound with carriage wheels ad be musical with the rusiling of silks, the langher of ladies, and the cornet of Dodworth? We #lall see if we cannot spoil as many dress pattens and talk as much nonsense down town asthe aristocracy above Bleecker. We advise Capain Rynders to give a grand political soirée as pon as possible. THE LATEST NEWS. BY PRINTING AND MAGNETIC TELEGRAPHS ‘. From Washington, EFFECT OF DECISIONS OF THE COURT OF CLADS-- THE CASE OF SENATOR HARLAN, ETC. Wastinaton, Jan. 6, 167. The bill reported by the Gourt of Claims, allowing lary Reeside upwards of one bundred thousand dolias fou mai! service, was taken up in the Senate fo-day, andis cussed during the morning hoor, The tnteresting wes- tion was, how far Congress should consider the deciione of the Court of Claims bivding. Mr. Douglas consitrec the oxtablishment of the Court a farce, if thelr dechone ‘were overridden by an cx pars report from a Congregion- alcommittes, Many Senators expressed their yews, ‘and the indications are thai the Court will be sustined. The Reeside case comes vu) agnin to-morrow. ‘The Revolutionary officers pill of the House wa dis cussed in the Senate until adjournment. jis pasage te Considered doubtful. Mr. bright resigns bis oftie at President of the Senate, and his euccessor wil! be eectec to morrow morning Mv. \iright desires to be abent ir Indianapolis for a re-election. Tbe Judiciary Committee reported against Senator Lisriav, of lowa, who wil cer- tainly lose his seat. Mr. Toombs, of Georgia, aisented from the committee, and wi!! make s minority repet. The House wasted the day i vain attempts te sepend the rules to take up differen, subjects. The bill tereas ig the pay of the officers of ihe samy failed to betaren op by five votes. A motion to suspend therules, timake the Pacific Railroad bill a specisi order, fallcd. Th Land Commitice will now report it, and put it upon tie easage under the previous question. Cousiderabie feeling 3 mani fested by some of the New York members reiatty: 0 the Construction of the New York city Post Office. On motou of ‘Mr. Valk, » resolution was parsed calling oa the Presi- dent for his authority in employing ® public araitest, 4 and placing government butidinge under military oper- imiendence. Mr. Stephens, of Ga,, addresses thefiouse to-morrow on the state of the Union. There ts @ tremendous ovteide pressure by rtemebip ‘wen and other parties to nts;2 othe bill whieh idveing discussed by the Commitice cn Post Uilices, tochage the whole ocean mat! system, ard throw it open. to cmpeti tion and give it to the lowest bidder. The committees ‘met to-morrow, jwhcn it ts expectedfthe whol thing | will be settled. ‘ue partion interested are ali a tho ground, working like beavors The Committee on Terrivoric® met to-day, but fed to : setile the Arizona question. ‘They agreed to reprt ia favor of Minnesotians meriing in convention to orm a State constitution, preliminary to their being sinitied nto the Union ar a state. Mr. Magon, by request of Mr. Bright, presided over the Senate to-day. Inarmuch as the latter's power to Sppoint a substitate is limited to one day, anaes Mr Brixbt will be abront several weeks in Indiana, &r.Caee Will to morrow move to go tnto an election for *resiiant re tem. Secretary Guthrie has replied to the inquiry ef tho Houre, asking to be informed of the reasons he bat for ‘Bot paying certain clerks 01 thai body the exten compen. sation heretofore voted He agroés with Mr. Wolitleser, ‘that nesther Bouse of Congres» can lawfully increase thy Compensation of oflicers, whore salaries are izes by law Without the concurrence of the other house aed the President, which, he says, is not the fact in this ase. The Supreme Court, symyathising with Judge Danie) tm his severe domestic aftiicion, and as the {unerai of bie ‘wife will take place tomorrow, adjourned to Weasesday. Within the grant to the New Orieana, Opelousas ard Great ‘Wentorn Railroad, lying botwoen ‘Opelousas acd the Sa- Dine river on the Texas line —————— Interesting from Albany. CARCUS OF THE REPUBLIVAS MEMBERS OF THE A3- BEMPLY— NOMINATIONS, ET. Ingion, wore chosen Secretaries, Judge Hogeteow, of Co lumbis, and Mr. Wooster, of Herkimer, dectining, ‘The rol! was then called, aod seventy-nins members: Arewered to their names. Throe wore absent. The cavcus them proceeted to ballot for Speaker On the first informal batio! Littlejohn rrooived 44 Mr, Hogeboom, 10; Mr, ‘Valiconbargh, 10; Mr. Prem dergast, $, Mr. Leavenworth, 4 Mr. PRARWERGAST moved that Mr, Littiejobe'# nomina tion be made unanimously, The motion was carried amidat loud anplenne. Op the second ballot Mr, Kishardeon, of Albany, wee nom \nated Clerk. Op the fourth ballot Norman ?. Hitoboock, of Onenan (£0 County, was neminated Sergeant at-Arme, Mr. A. J. Tiffany, of BoTalo, the only Amoriceo ele: from | rie district, acted with the repabticant in ot .cor, THE pRMOTRATIO CACO, The democratic caucus wat presided over by 'rastur K Floyd ov [ A Committee War Appoln'ed to call futere cencausee, The Americans helt ro caneue. THINTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. SROOND PRSBION. Renate. Wasinvotos, Jan. &, 857. THT, CANE PLATS EMPROVERIENT, On motion of Mr. Cas, of Mich.,@ resolution was adopted calling on the Secretary of War for farther infor ‘mation respecting the St. Clair flats, and asking whae amount, if any, of additional appropriation wil) be re quired for the sald work. ‘THR CARD OF SENATOR HARLAN, OF OWA Mr. Brvvan, (dem.) of &.C., from the Committee on the Judiciary, to which war referred the crodentinis oF Mr. Harlan, Senator from lows, and the protest of the Senate of t he lowe Legisiatore relative to the sudjeot, re Ported that the committer. after carefol consideration, were unable to agree nnanimonsly, and under ‘nxtrie tions from the majority he enbinitted @ report, thet Mr Harlen bad not been duly elected to the Sena’, aocom- panied by @ resolution deciaring the seal yasani. Mr. Toons, of Ga., gave note that be should submit ot diepoeed of at Remied to morrow remarked that 4 might, & minority report Mr Hantay wished th Y eet practicable period Mr Srcany (dem.), of Mic!