The New York Herald Newspaper, January 7, 1857, Page 1

WHOLE NO. 7434. THE NEW YORK HERALD. AFFAIRS AT THE NATIONAL CAPITAL. NEW BRITISH AMBASSADOR APPOINTED. bate in the Senate on the Iowa Elec- tion Case, POLITICAL DISCUSSION IN THE HOUSE, &o., . ko. From Washington, le NEW BRITISH MINISTKR EXPKOTED—THE CASE OF SENATOR HARLAN—GRAND IDKA FOR DISPOSING F RIVER AND HARBOR BILLS—GEN. CASS AND MB. BUCHANAN’S CABINST. BTC, Wasuixctoy, Jan, 6, 1867. “he administration bas born officially advised that Mr. Miers, brother of Lord C arendon and late Judge Advo- # General, bas been appoin'ed Briilsh Minister to this ie mtry sod will shortly arrive bere. ‘his bas been a prolife cay im Congress for fine eeches, The discussion of Mr Harlan’s case in the Se- nave was remarkably able anc tnteresting. It involved rave legal and constitutional questions, which were ar- good with all the calmness their 1mportance demanded. ' In the House, Mr. Stephens, of Ga, excelied himself, hile Mr. Davis, of Md, sustained bis prov’ position as debater, andjMr. Cadwaliacer, of Pa., made the best jpeech of bis life—all three on the position of political parties. Mr. Mason, of Virginia, was this morning elected Pre- vont of the Senate, and bas now a reversionary inte- rest in the chief gistracy shoul President Pierce bap- yen to die before ibe fourth of March. Asold Virginia is juoky, the Brigadier should have an eye to his health. ‘Tho Capitol to-day was crowded with visiters. ‘the House Post Office Committes failed to do anything /Go day on account of the abseace of the ‘chairman, who war detained by sicknes#; consequently the steamship mora are atill at sem. (tearm to day that it is the intention of the friends of R ver end Harbor bills now before the'douse,as there are olween forty and fifty of them, to incorporate them in ‘© bill, and pass them al! at once by a two thirds vote. on. Care informed me to-day that he bad had no com- ep) alcation with Mr, Buchanan on the subject of his going (wt othe Cabinet, and that all the reports in circulation to thet effect were mere fabrications; and, farthermoro, bes be bas notgsaid that he would, or would not, accept wee position it tendered him. The article inthe Haxatp o Saturday, upon Gen. Case’ going into the Cabinet has obenged the whole aspegt thin, re among men who jaave been urging him, Misa distinguished Southern leader tnformed me to-day. ‘The sales ordered by the President of tho United States, be commonce on the 4th of May next, embrace—Oflice at Orage, \twenty-five townships to Winnesheick, Howard, ‘Mitchell, Worth, Hancock and Winnebago counties; at ‘Port Dodge, nineteen"townships in Hancock, Winnebago, Korsuth and Bancrofi; at Sioux Bity, twenty-one town- @bipa in Palo Alto, Clay, O’Brien and Sioux counties; @overing, in the sggregate, exclusive of lands reserved Sor sobeols, &%,, 1,328,156 acres, Ufieial despatches received at the Navy Department, from Oaptain Hartetein, speak in glowiog language of his reception ip England> ‘The President's message in reply to a resolution of the jonate relative to the Atlantic submarwe telegraph wit ooptain po recommendations, bat merely enclose the cor- rerpondence which has taken place on the subject. It wll probably be sent in to-morrow. The remonstrance of the ship owners of New York w wat the Senate dill making Roger's system of marine valet compilacry upon them, was prerented tn the #0 to day, by Mr. Wakeman, and re‘erred tothe Gom- © ee on Commerce, THINTY-FOURTH CONGRESS, BROOND SESSION. * Benate. Wasmixoros, Jan, 6, 1857. LECTION OF A PRESIDEAT FRO THXPORE. ‘M>, Case, (dem.) of Mich., called the Senate to order, (and amnounced that the fret business in order was the sotion of a Presidept pro tem Mr. Hara, (rep) of N. #.—What ts the occasion ? Mr Cast—Becaues we baven't any, (Laughter ) On the metion of Mr, Hestne, (dem ) of Va, the Senate coeeded to the election, when Mr Mason was olected, receiving 30 votes, Foote 11, Weller 1, biavk 2. THM CASE OF SENATOR HARLAN. Mr, Hantan, of lows, moved (pat the Senste proceed ration of the report of the Committse on im to a sea} from lows. Mr. PRavt, of Md., trasted that the subject would not ow be considered. Many facts were involved tn tae de- sion of this case, and {t was important that they sboald Mr, Toons, of Ga, altor remarkiog that there was not ws eingle controverted fac} in tho whole cass, maid the y difference of opinion relative to the matter was wed upon the application of the Isw to the tacts ad- ited on all bands. So far as the views of the minority “he Committee were concerned, he could express them i verbally as in writing. Mr. Baran of Del, prolerred that tho subjso! should” | he laid over till to morrow. as, having boon aosent from joe city, he had ba no opportuni:y to examine into the ation. Mr. Hare ‘id it shou!d be remembered that the pro {oC of the Sonate of lowa bad beon bofore the Senate we otly two years, Allthe mombers of tho ©: Mtoe ©» the Judiciary bad bad ampie time to investigate tho sbjeot it had choren vo do #0. Another reaton Ly tt was dotirable to bevo ths question settlod orn porsibie, was, that tho Legislature of Io’ » season, baying convened on the first Moo De mber, and their terme is imite«! by the constitution to der, Borurn, of 8. C., was in favor of prooeeding to a Cleataton of the question forthwith. He stood ig a povtion the gentioman woo was © be affected by the rerul' 14 approached the eabject eolety on ite merits. The government of lowa cousisted ca compored of a Senate and a House of ‘Thelr Dames Were arranged m Alp? avetwoal order on one Met, and hence the absence or refusal to participate to she proceedings on the part of any member, oF of lows aban @ majority of the whole nomber of members com posing the joint convention could pot invalidate the Colmes of the convention. Ie thought the fraudulent eed factions conduct of Senators in Iowa who ought to defeat tho election and frostrate the will of the of fowa, ought 10 be condemned by thia body and y the entire American peop'e, . Baxsamax, of La, wished to know whether it was Som tor one branch of a State to elect a feocer ? The o of the United eclares: Benators sball be elected by State |.0- Mr’ Tooarns that such a constitution would ron Sor Wmvaiid the ofa. many Senators, because ‘argued expressed by Mr. Toomba. Gave, ot the majority of ‘Com mitten, The lection uncoustte. Bayaan obtained ‘Mr, Fian introduced « bill making an jation for ‘ne removal of Diamond Coenties reet, , in Now harbor, Howse of Representatives. Wasuivorom, Jan. 6, 1857. AONE TO HE EW PAR? ALE. + Mr. Boros, (dem.) of 8. C., gave notice of an amend. erent he intends offering to the tariff bill, He proposes coat from and after Janoary, 1867, all goods, wares, verohanding sad other products, subject under tha ox. fating tariff to pay a duty of twenty per cent, shall con. tinue to be admitted at that rate, and that tea and colle sha! be included in the same achedule, A MAINE LIQUOR LAW FOR INDIANS, Mr. Gaemywoon, (dem ) of Ark., Introcuoed a bill the more eflectually to prevent the introduction of spirituous uors and wines into the Indian countey. ferred to the Committee on Judiciary. ‘THE POSITION OF POLITICAL PAwTINA, ee ComaMaERS ot the President's message was re- sumed. Mr. Srarmxys (rat.) of Ga., said the debate on this sub- ject was the most unusual one in our pariiamentary his tory. ‘To bim it was invested with gen Interest, and to the country he trusted it would not unprofitacie, We #re in the midst of & new epoch im the repubilc, and | ‘Wil! be s0 considered hereafter. The late election bi it into array parties with what he copsidered well defined auc clearly ascertained principles, which wore manfully and openly met on both sides. It was a fearful issue, but abe Rey se are past. The resvit of the elestion has quieted the public mind, and we may de weil even now. when the storm is over and the davgor ts past, to review them. He congratulated the country, the House, and even the Speaker, on the result of the election, which has made the people everywhere breathe freor and stimulated the aris of peace There were dillerences of opinion as to what was decided in the contest, and some thought nothing bad been decided. But it had been cided that Congress sbail impose no restrictions on th Territories #0 far as plavery is concerned. This issue was boldly made ou one side, and as firmly and zealous- ly met on theother. He took tor granted that the prin- ciples of the Kansas Nebraska act were endorsed by the verdict of the people in the Presidential eleotion. It, however, contained no such idea as squatter sovereignty. There was n0 recognized independen) sovoreign'y in the people of the Territories, He rejoiced the more iv the endorsement of that act, because boast Was mate on this floor that the people of the North would never sus- tuin it, and because so fow bers from the North ad vocated ite prisolples. Hi but eighteen friends of th this House from the North. He believed tha} forty.ni nad been returnoc from that section to the next Congress. the Kensag-Nevrazka ect merely carried out the com- promise measures of 1850, to which both whigs and Gemocrats pledged themselves in their pattonal conven- tions. With regard to the Territories, Congress bas only the right to pass needful rules and regulations relative to Jands; end under the claure of the constitution which confers this power tuey Canzot exclude slaves or white men. The domain Is left fieo for settioment by people from all the States, in equal bn bere untll Congress, im virtue of the constitution, shall adi them into the Union as a State, with sovercign power, and on an equal Jooting with the original States. Acoording to the com- of 1850 the Missouri restriction was inoperative, necessity of making that declaration Mr. Camrrxit, (rep) cf Ubio, inquired whether he un- derstoood Mr. Stephens to take the ground that the Kan gas Nebraska act removed the restriction against slavery from Minnesota and s!) other Territories. Mr. Sreruans repeated that the Missouri restriction was declared nul! and void wherever it had extended. Mr. Camrnett wished to know whether Mr. Stephens unceretood the repealing clause as extending beyond the terior ial limits o' Kaneas and Nebraska. Mr. Stxrugns replied, he understood by the declaration tha; the Missouri restriction was inconsisteat with the compromiee measures of 1860, and therefore was nounced null and void, to be confined not to cne “place more than another. In the course of his remarks he eatd Mr, Campbell two yeurs ago bad predicted there would not be another Kansas-Nebraska majority in this House. He bai appealed to the people who bad decided against him and bis party. This reminjed Mr. Stepbeos of the lawyer who wished to speak 10 Court bis case was decided, The judge told him he could not do so, whereupoa the lawyer said, “1 was pot arguing the question, but only coursing the de- cision’ So 1 was with the gentlomsn from Ohio, (Laughter. ) MIHMLL replied, im that trial of the case there false teetimony on this very principie. The wit- nesses On one side claimed that the Ne act meant one thing, and the witnesses on the other side swore it meant something entirely cifferent, Mr. Srerngss —] suppose the gentloman from Onio wat one of the witnesses, and rome people of his district did not believe bie testimony. (Laughter) Ar, Stephons ald be bad never advocated the Kaovas Nebraeka bill as @ Southern, but as a national and conetitutional measure. Although he sbould to see Kansas admitted into the ht Psegemg § hee? bd jaws of climate and produc. tiow, bus those of population would prevent it, apd so of ‘the vther Territories, wiki sg Mr. Davis, (K N.) of Md, remarked that gentlemen bad errentially differed on public questions, aud the re. sult was an accession of dovbt upon doubt, and confu. sion worse confounded, until he who should attempt to read the rast from the debates would find bimself wiih eutboritics for ayfopipion aod tietimony for any fact. Aa to who opened this debate there was scarcely a juoa- tion, It was opened by the President im his auoual mos- sage. He did vot design to foliow thi; extraordinary doo ument ip either {ta ) easoniges or statements of facts, nor would be imitate the epifit of bitterness which runs bret on it. He quoted the remark from the message, ‘aa Senators represent the Siates of the Union, and mem bers represent their eeveral constituencies, the Preat dent representa the aggregate population of the United States.”’ Napoleon Bonaparte said to the Deputies ot his Chamber, “You represent nought but your several com munes, I represent the great natioa.” In repuolican America we baye the resident prociaiming he repro sents the people of the Union thus attempting to belitt'e We Sens'e and House of Representatives It was much to be regretted that the President. emarting un‘er the tn. Oiguation of bis Northern iriends, who rolled up their covern nation against his policy, shoald bave eo far for gotten the proprieties of his station as to introduce a barsbuces of language heretofore unknown {a any executive document. Notwithstanding the President's ideas ox to what the people decided tn the Prosi¢ential election be (Davis) sald the late contest shows that a majority of the people have condemned the democratic party: that a majority are against toe Kansas Nedravke act egsinet Fravktin Pierce and bis administration, and tho minority of the desire to see Mr. Bachenan President, That minority prefors that the existing rule nball be contineed four years longer, and that ma)jorit; betoreband, condemos his administration, Further, thi 5 has stiil to battle for bie majority in this depends his power to carry out any or which his democratic frienas sup In reply to Mr, Ste- of ratio m the next Congress was the consequence of bers to sions in otber parties. A death wound had been whteted on tbe greet and depworatic carty, which thought tteel! Ipvincib e, but now, worse than sootched wriggles on to final ciesoirtion, Str, Davis next spoke of the cffferent 11 retatious given to the Nebrasks Kan fas act, On this subject the Nortrern aud Southern wings of the democracy are as wide apart as the republican spd Cemocratic partion 08 some questions of constitution sl power. The compromise of 1820 was the foundation of the peace of 1860, but the democracy turned it into an ee ment of strife, ani an agitation it was intend. ed to close. The democratic party was consiomorate and prent se ~) S contention < yh mel 4 rpotls. The Irish brigade stood firm (laughter), ut for them Pennsylvania would bave faltered Mr Ba. charan war supported by perrons of ail croede and these would throng sround bim for their re- repul by the Inte contest, The people have decided the nomination of a sectional M’resident, and that podiicans Was unwise and "he Usion On the & majority every genticman from office under the govern- meni. apd leave the federal laws to be executed by Northern officers, Bot the republican and democratic ee stand oondemped for being dirturbors of the pub ie pence of the United States, and have no groand ‘o manisin ons the = prople have not sam ened any of their Qpeattions There was bet one party, small in romberr, (iengbter) which could read them @ leeson of pairo lem which would be well (or them to consider. It war & tower of moral force nt! patriotic ey. avd could pot be sbaken. The American party deserves gratituc for ite noble exam plea in the pest ved that oo law cam now be paseed to affect the cov: ition of affairs in Kansae. With iw two years sho will be admitted into the Union as 8 State, with or without slavery aa the inbabitants may determine, and when hat question fs struck from the repeblican platform, » iat will remain of that party? For the next four years, then, \t will be of the utmost mo- ment that the princip'ce of the Ameriean party shall de- Mand the serious attect!on ofthe coustry. Canwartapen, (‘ora ) of a, driely responded to ho, he anid, wor the exponent of the perty bad dwindied ‘into etter inaigniteance. he would tell the gentioman (Mr. Davie) thet tn addi tion to the principles of the Kaneas-Nobraska act betrg encorsed in the lresidertiai contest, two other questions had been fected, There ia a clause in the conativution which, ia the opinion of the demooratis Bean boleine fecred than the ony which — States, Ho referred to tiet whieh pro soriber (hero shail be no rotigions tort f+ a qaniifiestion for office. The #0 called American party, like tha aboll- tion party, bad heen engared in a crus: agsinst the com- stitution and had endeavored to snrtain tuemacives by + courre of rearoning precisely ‘analogous. Tho people have It te Po Pm Le Know Nothing y Originated in when Londov was plundered and borne in Pitledetp Toutevilie and New Or- leane moeratio 43 tran over the factions that afiNated atthe North end destroyed the Know Nothings of the South, ‘Adjourned. Our Washington Correspondence. Wasmectoy, Jan, 6, 1857 Gen. Soott's Extra Poy—His Correspencence with Mecreary Davis— Hue Commision in Mo ice War Betwemn the Ad- ministration and the Veoram, fo de, After the passage by tho House of Reprosantatives of the joint resolution giving to Prevet Lieutenant Coneral Boott twenty thourand dollars Oxwe pay, in additon to that alroady allowed order (he sol of Congress creating his present rank, @ rerolution was adopted by the Senat o calling of the President of the Vaited States for a state ment of the tteme of pay allowed Goneral Soott under the wald 08. This was done, | am informed, at the instance Of the Coneral bimeg! ; hu) ax \t “\d not seem to go ty the bottom of the controversy, Cr. Weller tubrvitie’ a» other resolution, which we adcpted unauigowsiy, sag which called for all the items of pay tino the commence ment of the rank of Licutenent Geveral, as well as for copies of all correspondence touching thosame, This re solution willshow, among other thinge, his charge of 2)¢ Per cent commission on all money which passed through his bands in Mexioc—wbich was allowed him by the Fill- more administration. Alter the acceasion to power of President Piorce, the charge for commistions was increased to three pe cent, ‘and an applica ion made to tho President for its allow ance, which was refused, ard which was the origin of the quarrel between Brevet Licutevant Goneral Scott and the “*Commander-in Chief.” The refusal on ihe part of 11 edmipistration, however, did not balic the claimant, wi sneceeded ip drawing the amount (about $b,.000,) from + pey master 1p the army—the sum now standing charged against bim on the books e Treasury Department. The rerolatien will also bring out the ‘cut throat ’’ correspondence which took place between Genera! Scot! snd the Secretary of War in rejation to Captain Hitchoook —es 1 learn that the principal discassion of the pay ques tion took piace during this controversy. It will be some days yet belore the report will be communicated to Gon- 088 6 Ip the new Committee room on Naval Affairs in the Ca- pitol extension, now being beautifully tressoed by the celebrated artist Constantino Brumidl, a native of Rome, wa representation of the battie of the Gen. Arm: strong with tbe British fleet at Fayal, in 1814, It ts ore- ditabie to the partice concerned that they have thas cor Memorated this moet gallant battle, and given It a wel dererved piace in our national capital. Waile the galiaut Coeds of the actorn will be remembered, we but express the bope of the nation that our legisiators will not refuse to do jrstice to the heroes of this memorabie Sghi. In apvourcing the sad intelligence of the death of Mr. Daviels this morning, in the Sapreme Court, the veners- bie Chief Justice exbibited a deep emotion which shook hie aged frame. Quite a sensation was percelved through: cul the court room. Nicaragua. LECTURE BY J. W. FABENS ON THE CLIMATE, S01L AND PRODUCTIONS OF NICARAGUA. Mr. J. W. Fabons, late United States Chargé d’ Affairs to Nicaragua, delivered a lecture last evening in the Broadway Tabernacle, on the “Cilmate, Soil and Produc- tions of Nicaragua.’’ There was an intelligent and appre. ciative audience of Iadjos and gontiemen present. The secturer, on coming forward, was greeted with loud ap- Pplavee. He began by describing the beauty of the lands of the sun, and the romance and poetry connected with thoughts of them. In those beautiful regions in Contral America where there were cities in the far antiquity throvged with commerce and wealth, where now there is scarcely @ vestige of their magnificence and grandeur left to mark the spot where they stood—if, with the lapse of ges, the supremacy of the world’s affairs by land and by sea, bas passed from the hands of southern peo- ple inte thoee who have been schooled, bardened and invigorated in the lands of snow and toe, history teachos us that euch airansfer has been the consequence of a system of exclusivencss, intolerance, tyranny and grow ing immorality on tho part of the former. If labor with them was contemptible, and the interchange of the world’s commodities a calling to be despised, then aro laid bare to us the surken rocks on which their ships of state foundered and went down, It will be our privi- lege to profit by the knowledge. Citizens of our own country bave met ip a land covered over with mighty reine, and already erected the pillars of a new Southern ryepadlic. Tho corner stone of it was isid by William Walker, when, on the 16th day of Jane, 1855, at the head of bis brave filty-nix, he landed at Reuiejo, in Nicaragua. With that event began a new era in American history. ‘The “star of empire,’ which bad reached its western {'mit ia golden California, has entered upon {te returning march. There are homes for the homeless; peace, order ‘and contentment Will take the piece of strife, anarchy ‘and terror; there are new feids for our pent up capital and enterprise ; independence and competensy for ili- sid Inbore:s | Now the totler need no lon -r scourge imeelf with the cold soverity of northern winters, but May spend them among the balmy airs of a more south ern climate The man: por articles on General ‘Walker's career, as well as fact that Nicaragua is now & fevorite thoroughfare of travellers pasting beiween the Pacific and Atiantic confines of our couniry, have coubtices made tie geographical jon and terri torial Iimite well known to y Nearly oqut- cistamt between the New Staten and the routherp frontier of our Pacific possessioun, offering the ovly practicable route for a abip canal across the oontinent, by which the riches of the West can be freighicd io our sboresf—or these reasons alone it i¢ wortoy of more than ordinary ivterest Mr. Rvereti, in bi« speech in the Senate on the let of Merch, 1853, id that if it had pot been for political Cissepalovs in Nicaragua, and ff ehe had been occupied Dy ® population Hike that which turned toe wavers of lake Erie into the bed of the Hodson river at Albany, there would bave been at that moment three masted veosels Of twenty feet draught navigating tho Lake of Nicaragua en their way to the Pacitc ocean. Nicaragus bev an area of about 100 000 square mites, equal to 4,000,000 of acres, bring mo.o than doube the oxient of territory comprived in the States of Vermont, New Rampabire. Mo--achuscts, Rhooe Island and Conrectiout Hor population t+ emimated at 250,000 souls, 10,000 of which are whites; the remaining 240,000 are com- pored of mixed races; but this, perbaps, is an over ott mate of the popu ation atthe present day The surface cf Nwarseua is agreea’ly diversified with hMi+ and val- leye, rolling plains, rich table lands, broad lakes and numerous rwers; it does no’ display that rough, frow aing sspect virible in the other portions of thts cont nent tra- versed by the chain of the Cordilleras. lodced, between the Great Basin and the Pacific thie rocky barrier sinks to an slmoet imperceptibie ridge, the highest clevation niong some lines being but about two hundred feet above the fea. On the Atlantic aie of the lake, however. there wre higher ranges, anc(the majestic ouk ot Ouretepte, rising near the centre o the lake itaelf, Is sald to have an altitude of six thousand feet, As the voyager approaches Nicaragua from the Atlantic ooesn, long before he catolen sight of the low, swampy and heavily imbered lands of the Moequito coast, he soos the peake’of Chontales avd Contago, in ‘Costa Rioo, towering in the bagy dittance. Bat on landing Junn be is sorprited and gaddened by the change of ‘dhe heavy. fcg !'ke exbalations of the numerous iagoons snd swamps ip tbe vicinity shut out the distant landscape trom sight. As far as the eye ean reach, one beholds petbing but the low, sandy or alluvial tracts covered with ap almort impenetrable mam of vapor, ahrouding ‘ropcal vegetation. British Gliburters, nickpamed mer- chante and mahogany cutters, with their maraading vands of Carib Indians, bave ft ught euccersfully the wild Oreytown, on the Atlantic, San Juan dei Sor and Remiejo on the Pecific. The two former aro well krown as tho Ati ptic and Pacific terminti of the New York end fornia Steamahip Company's soute soross tho Lethma, Reaiejo is the port the oid city of Leon, some thirt miles Cistant, and carries on 2 considerable trade w' California n Juan de Nicaragua is raid to porsess tho Dest rondetend of apy port in the Mexican Guif; it is capeble of sheltering @ thousand ips. It is pot only the role Auiantic resport of Nicaragoa, but also of Conte R eg a yp fp oe when completed, wil al produce ofeCoata in Hew of Fonte Arenas, on the I’acitle, eretofore been went. A great drawback to the commercial protperity of Nicaragua i# her lack of gr od roads, bricges end canals. The only road im the country worthy of thet name is the one constrncted by the Ime Accertory Transit ae , from Virgia Bay to Sen Juan de} Sur, a dirtanee of welve miles. itis now complete i” radio order. it proves what may be done by vative a4 directed by Northern Inte!ligence. an ey. By San Joan river, which bas been somewhat improved by the same company, and by the loko of Nicaragua, the voyager may travel from 260 to 800 miles into he heart of the country, From the portbern bay yo Ke thie lake to the lake of Nicaravua a journey of + en miles. and thence you oso pro: cred by water Ofty miles urther inland. Thess lakes are some years race dlsappenred'esaer frost tome yeare mince the Morqnito phore, of the San jotermitvent fever and ague to be Tellers, however, that by wy swe Yours resi. san Juar de Nicaragra, I found the inbabi (ante veunlly ae bealthy as in the north. Bot it is not to be deried that in the low land@ and amid rack vagotation, the effects of the climate ar: Deriocoed afer man years, i of thy mB, weakness, low o vitality ard other acccopen'ments of ebrontc billows af fee ore, When yoo reseb tt to breatine apotber air, yen ti feet an exbiieradon of epirite for which you cannot recount. Wh fing UP D that heantifal lake, noariy a bondred and the wet season may bo in May ané continuing till November: lerrupted db; ne own of ly gets the atier on period are of ers during the fret durat! then ao aa , heat upon the beenmen Parehedard cracked enoree of the inker apd mynere! kingdom we are equally dazzled by the view. Ip the enima) hingdom there are barses, cows, buliooks, sheep, goats, ko, &. They are aburdant, and raise ays pai y for the value of their bides, their flash solling lor but litle. The caitie are generally of @ fae quality, quite equal to thove of tne United States. Thea thereare bumerovr Wild animals whore skips are useful in com- merce. Bids axd fish of almost every kind abound. Among the stap ¢ articles of production may be mention- ed Sugar, cotton, coflee, Cocos, indigo, tobacoo, rice aud indian corp The «ugar cape Is @ native product of Nica- ragua, and differs from thas of Asis or the Wess ladies, ond i sald to be equally ag good and uctive Tae prod exports were eriimated in years past at 2,000 000 baics Pir apnvm, bat is not eo much Bow. The cotton of Nica- ragua is very goed and productive; the same with tho ecooa, The incigo and tobacco are equal in quality to thoee of Brazil. The mings are of fabuious richness. Gold and stiver t# found in juantities. Tam sure we will have a second California th: Such js Nicaragua, So has the God of nature blessed ber, Look upow her mighty forests, through which the tun-beame bave never found a path; ber fertile pialns, lepanicd by counters flocks; her mountains, hiding the Wealth of vations tn their depthe; her majestic lakes, Whereon the navies of the world might ride; ber plaold rivers, fringed with the loveliness of primeval vegots- ton, and jet your grateful heart overtiow with joy. surely anid ‘such patriarchal scenes, away from tbe crime avd anguish of great oltioe, where cold and bunger, aud the gorcow that comes from want if upkuown, we ebali find a better and happier race than ‘he worid cun elsewhere show. It might have been 80 once, but it is 80 no more. The gigantic ruins of once splencid cities, now shrouded in the depths of s tropic wilderness, attest tho physioal greatuees of a ple that lived and flourished here, but have long siuce passed Awsy out of the memory of man, And those who succeeded thom, where are they? The remains of the magnificent oid city of Leon, founded by Hx raandos de Cordova in 15:3, can now with difficulty be discovered. ‘The lecturer then entered into the bistory of Nicaragua, and explained her present condition and past sufferings. 1 know weil (eaid be) the import of what I utter, whea I affirm that the Indian oy Carrere, of Guatemala, who is now trying to overrun Nicaragua with bis mercenar} phalapxes. {s doing ao with a clear and distinct undo! - ing with Kuropran monarchies. Now, what wili the United ‘States of America do under the circumstances? For the future of humanity, nos less than fer the future of Nios rogua, I thack G that the sovereign power in this country is in the hands of the and not of drive!ling ok diplomats, for in a queal like this the people are aure to do right. The lecturer closed with a warm and earnest for aid and support for the Americans fo Nicaragua, The audience listened with marked attention to the entire lecture, and at its close gave the speaker a tribute of applause. Political Movements. ‘MISCAGE OF THs GovERNOR OF MissouRI.—The St. Louis Democrat thus speaks of the last annual message of Gov. Price:— This infamous document may be had at our office, As some of cur cotemporaries may refuse to publish it ‘on account of itz impudent arraignment of the people of St Louts as enemies of the Siate, we have printed an extra pumber of the document, that it may be read by the organe of the pallisers, encorse its outrageous: attacks upon the merchants, mechanics and laborers of our otty ? Stats Orricexs oF Fionwwa.—The following named gen- tlemen have been re cieoied as State officers of Florida, ‘They are all, we believe, democrats :—! Seeretary of State; M.D. Papy, Attorney Gener Brevard, Ccmptrolier; © H. Austin, Treasurer; William Scott, Clerk of the Supreme Court, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the rerignation of Mr. Savage. Tum Next Goverwon OF Prxsyivamts ~ Governor Pol- lock, it is stated, will bea candidate for re-olrotion, if pominsted by the American party. David Wilmot is talked of as the republican candidate, A Hann Hit.—Noticing the $20 pills counterfelts on the Bunk of the Valley, which is said jo be distinguished by “ the Smpertection of the Likeness of Filimore,”’ the War- renton, Va Flog gets off the following sharp shot:— Fillmore ba* ¢ yer bees @ counterfelt, in a political point of view, aud wi pone some of bis atmirers, felling in their late szheme to ¢levate him to tho Presidency, have nderiakes Me the bis pusegsemy, ty |) nw pecuniary way. Fronipa Lecistarvxe —The Legislature of Florida ad journed on the 27th wit, after a sewxion of just five weeks. Coxsxcncer Orrostiox CoxvENTION.—The Siate Con- vention of the opponents of the national administration aud the Cincinnati platform will be held to-morrow, in New Baven. Sovrnern Newsrarers.—Some of the journals at the South are at present very much agitated in regard to Southern newspapers and Southera literature. The Charleston Standard declares that, as a mere investment of capital, the publi- cation business at the South had better be aban- doned at once, as has been the manufacture of various articles of consumption. The Augusta (Ga.) Chronicle asks what encouragement is there to an individual to make an effort to publish a paper, when the Southern people allow most of the journals to languish along in a sickly exis- tene Our advice to them would be to try; they never yet have made an effort. Let them publish a paper like the Herat, for two cents. The Columbia (8. C.) Times feels very sore over the corpee of some Southern agricultural jour- nal which has just eo off for want of pa- tronage, and eays that it is more than folly “to suppose that a Carolina periodical will be libe- rally sustained, for the people believe that “a prophet is not without honor, save in his own country,”’ and they endorse the proverb by their acte. ey will pay anybody and everybody from abroad who may appeal to them, and help to crush almost every native enterprise, and kick their brother who may attempt to gain a more elevated position.” The Augusta (Ga.) Constitutionalist recommends the Southern people to patronize certain papers in the North, which seems to be about the most sensible argument which is put forth, for the Constitutionalist is evidently fully convinced that there is hardly a paper in the Soath which is able to keep pace With the current news of the day much less to give opinions on matters touching the welfare of the nation. The Wealth the U The following interesting official tabie has bees com municated by the Secretary of the Treasury, to acco npany bis annual report of the finapces:— Raat ano Personal Waatrn ov ram Unrrep Stati, 1856, . lation, Tate Sa oi Now Jersey. New York... Nonh Carohra _——_— 99,817 ,613,072 $1,500, 000,000 $11,317,611,072 MORNING EDITION—WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 7, 1857. PRICE TWO CENTS. France and Louts 'Napoicon. A LEOTUAK BY MR. GEORGE SUMNER. One of the most interesting and instructive leotores which wo have listened to this season was delivered invt evening by Mr. George Sumner, before a large, respeota- ble and appreciative audievos, in the lecture room of the Mercantile Library. The lecturer brought to the troat- ment of his subject a thorough kaowledge of the charactor of the French people, and @ practical acquaintance with their political bistory. Too following tsa brief synopsis Of his able discourse:— ‘To a distant observor France, said he, may woll seem ‘an enigma imporstble to comprehend. At ene moment ehe alande the apparent champion of democracy—the Bext, eho rushes with seeming bit ato the lower deep of Cospottam, Are these obangig one exiremo © the other the result merely of fick#@sess of charactor— are they merely spasmodic affections of revolution or royally, or are they the result of causes which the carefn! obsorver may penetrate: Is France, 1p that, hopclessiy doomed to swing pendulum-like, .be- tween anarchy .on one side and the absence of ail liber- ty onthe other? This was the point Mr. 8 proposed to examine, He believed France bad made no change with- ont good cause—that every chango had brought to light defeois of interior organization not before recognized, and had taught her better to koow herself, and therofore, put her forward on the road to improvement Promising that the prejudices againat France were due to the conduot of her (iret revolution, he proceeded to show tho hargh y oppreeston of an untaxed nobility and @ vicious clorgy which bad led to that revolution—iraced from original documents, (& portion of them in the archives of Bor. lin,) the intrigues of tho court, while pretending to ac cept the covatitution, to effect an invasion of France by foreign troops; made it clear that these acts of violence, which have thrown « 6! over the Revolution of 02, did not occur until after two fore'gn armies were on ber soll, marching to destroy Paris, and vincieated the morality of uistory, by show- ing that the matigators of the Reign of Terror were among fla victima. ‘The establiabment of the empire, made neces- sary by the armed coalitions against France; the causes of its cownial) when it forgol its origin; the piled and rabid violence of the old nobles who crowded beck to France with the Bourbous; the todermnity they claimed; their utter disregard for pubitc opinion or right, and the conrequent fall of Chai X., wero all olearly rr The key to Louis Philippe’s character n in a letter, written soon afver July, 185, to the Emperor Nicholas, in which ho declared it to be “an ever to be deplored event which bad placed him on the throne of France.’ Of the revo- lution of 48 Mr. 8. bop ‘a5 & persopal witness, bore tes- timony to the gencral good conduc) of the peop! vincicated them from the uaval accusations of the mail cloue or ignorant. The means by which Louis iosinnated himself into tre office of President, and #0 pre pared for bis violent usurpation, were fully exposed. In there Mr. 8. showed an exact knowledge of the fi condition and economic influences which at io France, “Tho rich bankers aud maaufactur ers who ruled& France, with Louis Philippo, (bis 900,000 shareholders in government) had never deen willing to tex pereonal property, and -e eat burden of taxation was thrown by thom upon jand and upon tbe small proprietors, who since the revolution of ‘s0 are very vumerous. A taxon arable land isto ary ‘wort jorm of imposition, for it is a tax on pro- 0 Not on copsumption—a tax which a’ rests in- duatry at the ovtset, instead of quiot!y waiting to cull its fruit#’’ The Provisional government. to meet tho finspeial deficiencies of that of Louis Philippe, bad added an soditionel 46 per cent to tho land tax. This naturally enough aronsed toe peasant proprivtor, and ho contonndod in ope smathewa the Provisional goyerninent, the re- ublic and the land tax, This state of things was adroltly wrned to secount by Louis Napoleon's em\asaries, who promised the evan try people iy bis name not only a large dimipution of the lax, bat awo the actual retara from bis own pocket of tbe lorty five percent. Thar he ‘won the favor of the people; and on tho 12th December, ten ¢ up d'etat, the fret step towards ths mitigaiion of the lane tax was takoo, avd it was from tho conviewor the part of the country popolation ebat ‘these eteps Would be continueé—thet he would pat the of taxation on the rigbs horee—that thay gave wer, The bistory of thie land tax, as traced by Mr. 8. was very curious. Beforo '8? the nobles and cler fy. whe owned two-thirds of the land, were ‘ree from | he middiing classes, once in power, determined the arisioeracy pay heavily for their past short cotolngs; Ub d tx was made one of the pourcer Of re" od mo baccontinued Weanw ec property pasted from the aristocracy w the peonle ; t bad no represeptation, and through al! reigns have beea obtiged to pay this unequal tax, The resuit of all whien ty, that for the great mans of small jaad owners, the un- taxed holders of perronal property eccupy the fame ob poxiow® porition as did tbe modi ity and clorgy before the firet revoluton. This unwise exemption Of personal property, while it stimulates the zeal of hones\ stator to labor for its reform, tursishes at Sumper, © stopping ptoce for of How the hopes of his ae fouowers bad been deceived; oom began a8 Louie of the Emperor Nicholas, mootlog ine rebut. How he hat leat biuself to ing perationrjof the Credit Mobilier—compare? with which tbe Mirsisetpp! rcheme of Law, was booosty vei was hed by tho lecta Mon of scan alone immo. {a political and finsuctal, as woll as domestic he, paced by him tn high potitione—a con tempt for honest and slow gvins spreading through the lond—a respect for wealih regardiess of the meaus by which acqoired, f 2'ed—loulbrome scenes of profligate debanc principal attraction at the theatre—untit Paris onder this reign, to tbore who claim no Puritan mieroners, ap- pears liken second Babylon. A glowing tribute was paid to two men who stand out from this viter darknoss—lienr Martin and Julor Simon, the former publishing bia greet Bi ory of ‘dleas of the despotism around him, him, be speaks boldly for liberty ord for truth; bimon. giving up bis port as Vrofessor of Philosophy at the Sorbonne, writirg his romarkable work on Dury, rtimulating to b'gb and node conduct, and vin- dicating betore the incredulous the graud trash of Christianity. Mr Sumoer showed how every muccenst’ preceded it—how the volf coutrol of the masses had im creased with time and education, and ans proof of this, words which, io the most violent clubs of 1848, wore ‘often heard from the triumphant people: “ We ask no ex. cluetve legisiation for onre:lves, on the contrary, let us ro- member always to guard the rights of the minority; as the law of civilized States throws |is tutelary protection with #pectal force ower minors and wards; so let us bold ipg power, remember ‘bat the cefea’ed minority are our ‘wards, and that we are their reaponsible guardians.’ Comparcd with a sentiment of bigh and generous states- mapebip like his, whatsn \gaoble coutrast i@ presented Dy that ery of Comagoguee—that Indien war-whoop of party keders—to the victor belong the spotla, The con- clus‘on of tbie instructive lecture confirmed the propost. ton with which jt commenced—vindicated the character {the mares of the French people, showed there was Lope !p therm and for them, bowever little there might be trom the temporary tuccese of an adroit and unprincipied unnrper. During ite delivery the lecturer was frequently inter- rupted With well deserved app!suso. Hon. Henry W. Billiard returning to the Foy 4 * From the Macon (Ga ) Telegraph. | At the Son Alabama Conference of the Methodist Fplecopa’ church, Hoo. Hi. W. Hiltiard annoarced bis intention of returning to the ministry. He had been alluded to in Conference xs the probable editor of the Methootrt orgep to be ertablished in Moutgomery, and the propostt on meet with pome question, Mr. Millard srore, snd turning to Bishop Pierce, presiding, addressed my band, my brother, in thie great ard our paths of life shall not di- im the materity of my manhood, de- my heart, intellect, and whatevor y have won Im other walks of ifs, rofespional or politiral, hambly at the foot ot the Crees, with motives which sorvice of my Sea. ter. Let tt be distinetly understood that no vote which thin Conference may inke upon the pending propost tion can affect my resolution to give myself to this work. At home ‘abroad, In my solitary journey jnge, oF standing in acre of ar, I havo nevor © teen the boginning an? maiely asociated with J come preserving that olf respect without which | shoud rot be recet for the service, I ask nothing from this conference on my Own personal account. Let the vote have he reference to me, No, no, sir! [have never Jowrred my crest when fae: parties tn the day of battle. but I desire to er end rorved Him on earth.” ia the substance of bis remarks, delivered to the MERTING OF THE NEW YORK LEGISLATURE. ELECTION OF OFFICERS OF THE ASSEMBLY, FIRST MESSAGE OF GOV. KING, k., &., ss. Senate. Anas, Jan, 6, 1867 The Senate assembied at 12 o'clock, and was called te order by Lieutenant Governor Seiden, who mado a brief address, ta which be said be would rely 02 tho courtesy of the Senate for assistance in the discharge of bie duties, ‘The Ordinary resolutions to appoint committees to walt on the Governor and Assembly, to inform thom of the organization of the Sonate, wore them passed. ‘The committees covsisted of Mesers. Nixon and [irigge ‘and Messrs. Ferdon and Wadsworth. The Governor's message was shortiy afterwards re celved and read, as follows — GOVEENOR KING'S MESSAGK. ‘To THE SENATE AND AsexMH.Y —In addressing to the Legislature thie communication at the commencement of our padlic duties, in conformity with the copstitattom, my firet impulse ia to offer to you my congratutations upon the happy, prosperous and healthful condition of ovr people and commonwealth, By the bieseing of God the pestilence which was at the ‘very door of our great seaport was turned (rom {t; ow populat’on is steadily progreasive, and industry, in all tee callings, bas, during the past yoar, found constant om- ployment and reaped abundant ard. From the re- turns made to me by the different departments, tam ea- abled to lay before you a summary of tno leading inter eats of the State:— STATE OF THE TREASURY. The bajance in the Treasury at the commencement of the YOR WOK... cee ce ee ce eteeceseeee $8,127,610 08 Receipte of the Treasury from all sources during the fecal year ending Sept. 30, 1666 14.677,190 reine coos cee, $17,804,702 08 ments from the Treasury dur- ing same period... ce ceee ss SUE 663,110 68 Leaving an aggregate balance in the Trea aren Sept, 3, 1EG6...... 6. sees aes. $3,261,000 @ COMMON SCHOOL FOND. ‘The capital of the Common Sohool Fund t#, $2,401,016 16 Showing an increase during the fiscal yoar of. 4396 46 ‘Tho tn ): wit..... 160,640 17 And the amount appropriated from the in come of the United States Deposit Fund for common schools and school dividends ia. 165,008 60 Total... sees ++ $324,640 17 ‘The paym © fund on account of revenue received, viz -— Common school dividends ....$510,000 06 Mitceilaneour, . 638 98 ————— 3310638 08 LTERATURE FUND, The capital of the Litersture fond ts. $209,452 1 The income of this fund for tho year te, 5 B10 986 56 And the pr frcm the income of the United States Deposit tuad is. 28,000 00 ————— 41,986 The payment from the fund for dividenda to the Academies, &e. * $e0 $42,701 98 PORT FC Capital - $4,014,690 Th Amount paid from the re 4 200,401 40 GENERAL FUND STATE DEWT Amount of debt exclusive of temporary jonne to the treasury, to be pald trom revenues of the general Fund te $5,505,084 81 GRYFMAL FUND DROT ED FUND The deficiency in thie fund to mee) wae payment of the is torent on tho Stato devt bins increased daring the yeer wing a deficiency on 30tb of September, 343,780 6@ © Goveral Fund $88,007 79 ant DE: Stato stocks lasued and loaned to retirond oom panier ‘ taneage $770,000 08 From nigbed with the foliowing a thanding at the clote of tne lar the revenue and exponditares of the can The detate under all Weta heads will bo communicated, with other foteresting maite ping to the cwanls and thetr en- largement, in the snpuai reports of the Caual Commis- sioners, of the Commissioners of the Canal Fund, of the Auditor of the Canali Department, and of the State Rng beer. tbe acinal cebt out. roal year, an woll ax of cAmAY ont Under article 7, section 1, of the constite tien... ° tresses s<+ 615,223,704 38 Under tho con 8,760,000 00 Loteroat paid 0 General Fond 442,686 40 ‘Total on Doth Sos tember, 1856 coos S22416,289 Of KEVENCRY AND EXIENDI FiscaL Taw Tolls from the cam $2,719,998 68 Rent of surplos wu 1,816 08 Interest op ourrent © 87198 TT Total... « $2,749,188 40 For repairs of canals 509,406 16 To Collectors, Weighmaste; miscellaneous expentes....... 117,227 24 _—— HO “Sorplur revenven’’,. $1,902,600 08 Amount sot apart by article 7 of the conauitiition to tho interest and redoom tho prinotpal of tho diate vin For that part of tho debt called the Cana! debt, wae- $1,700, the det (10800 00 0 ‘Of $360,000) mec. 2.. 260, — / ——— $1,901,500 00 Tolle received in the fiscal yonr ending 3(th September, 1866... Scan kok otk . 94,710 06 ab ‘Tolle received tm the flecal year ending 9uth September, 1866,,....... oe Received from the Treasury on sccount of taxes under hap. 85, seo. 2, lawe Of 1866........... $890,000 8 applied to the Sinking a For the calargement di A loan (6's, 1874) was effected to nupply 40 ficlencies’ under article 7, feo. 1, of the conati ooee os oo. $4,000,000 08 ‘as effoctod to wupply tho t juring the fizexl year -— CANAL STOCKS. T fredeemed O's of 1856..... 6 4,'0 Of 1865...... Canal stocks, t's after 1866... CANAL REVENUR CRRTIFICATER, 60 of 1961 «$984,600 00 678 of 1808, vee 87,600 00 $971,600 08 Total amount redeemed and cancelle!.... $4.499,266 86 ‘Tho entire canal debt as it existed on mae September last was 6,290 8B Add to this the sum of osee 2,250,000 08 —the amount authorized to be borrowed during the present fiscal year, which com- pletes the loaoe provided for tm the Inte amendment ,of the constitution for the en- largement and eompietioa of the canals, ——————— and it maker the sum of ase $24 666,289 82 It appears by the aunnsl report of the State made to the Legininture at its ae Amount raised rpon (here loant 0 bee od, and aino tbe premivma reslized from them. there will still exist n uesieioney of over $2,500,000 ef mente of the coastitetion contraction of the work, , land and other i — a