The New York Herald Newspaper, January 22, 1856, Page 3

jepends uy that of another, the land requires manure, a, sufficient supply is only to re obtained by o stock of well ted catile. Any improvemsat in the ‘Dlnok soil region must Ccepend om traje aioue fur whea he podnone find that a regular and fate profit is to 08 ebtained fom this source, we may rest assured that thoy will ily vet about improving the oread by tae moans dur by government, or by the fetter sorts ameng ourselves. Some few ugciculturists, following the «xaa- pie of the German colonists, even now tarn sheir milk to & tolerabla account; for instance, the Swlss gruyer ix pro- duced io Russia, but, without aiming so bigs, where is Pr a Or peasant who could mot produce sait utter But thisis tora secessor, Bouché ia necessary both in the Bultic aad in the South for the cattle itself, Cattle ia forwarded even feom the South to St. Petersburg, bat the distance. aud he oppo- ition of the governments in closer proximity to the ca- seer prevent any important improvemeat taking place. ides, the circumstance in exceptia ‘& constant ‘and remunerative demand can only arive from abroad. Engiand purchases immense quantities of foreiga cattle; yea.t, provisions and oxen are weekly forwarded by Dea- mork and Germany, and even South America exvorts ‘thousands of tons of dried and salt meets, which are dow beginning to be ured by the French through sneer neces- sity, although pronounced by them as detestable, Why, ‘then, should not Southern Russia be able to vie with Le Platay The quality of the meat is good, salt cheap, and *he Pres 8 low, whilt itis more tian probaoie ths great advantages would be couceded by governmeat to aay company or companies inclined to open such a trade. ‘The succeas sppeare certaio; Englan:,, France and lcaly open to us en ifiwitable market, providing oaly our salt zpeata be cheap and good. Live stock reils on wn average in our southern provin- ces at 3 copecks (about 144. ) per pousd or sometaing more than 25 contimes the kil grainme. Whilst the prices in America are siated at 26 and 46 centimes per half Ailogramme, tuus allowing « wide mafgin. {a spite of ‘these advanuges our actual exports do not exceed 30,000 ‘or 40 000 pouds of dried acd sylt ments, or rather mre than one-half the quantity exported by Prussia, waich Porneasen only 5,000,000 herd of horn cattle +” But it must not be imagines that tne opsrations of our ‘aziers are confined to this article alone; Russian tailow highly esteemed, and the quantiiy exported previously to 1840 usually : averaged 3,810,000 pouds, (61,122,000 Akilog.) at 3 ro. 60 copi per pound, ana at the same epc 1, 450,000 pouds of Mveatcck, or 40,000 head of cattle, were wold. to foreign buyer ‘The question of how far we should be able to supply foreign trade is readi'y avswered. In the countries where the rearing of cattle is attended to, the herds are renewed every five years, Russia would, _ therefore, be abie to supply 5,000,000 at leas: annually, exclusive of calves, which, yielding oa au average 430 Abs. (184 ioe) furnish a totalof 2 260 millions of pou ‘s (820 millions kilos) of food for cither iaternal or foreign <onsumption. M. Tegoborski estimstes the home con snwption at 23 pouds per head, or 2,230 lias ta ound nombers, which leaves 824 millivns for exvor‘a- tion (a0 600,000 kitos). or 8% kilos per head for tho population of France and England united. @ possess several races of stable animals, which ‘unite all the essential qualities required in cattle. In the north the race of Clulmogory of Dutch origia, and 8 called after a district in the government of Archangel, where it ia found in the greatest purivy, is large in size, and turnixhes an abundant supply of mill, ‘The Tyrolean, Scotch aud Engli-h races have succeoted well in the Baltic provinces, but they are less productive » than the former. . The long horned Circassian race, which fattens re- merkebly scon, ia prevalent in the Southern provinces: there are also Others from the Ukraine, Wallachia and ‘the Don. ‘The hinds generally found in the South are those usual- ly terme’ butchers’ breed; they ara strong'y formed, but the cows give in general but little milk. Prodably this aight be remedied by a change of treatment, But ia avy cane the Dutch and Tyroiesa breads are a0 @nsily ‘chimatized among us, that the butter and cheese » might well be coupled with that of salt provisivas, Cader present Circumstances, the cattle ale rere- rents a considera vle valne and return jarge reve- nue, which is capable. however, of being insreased three- fold’ whenever the provisions 0 che Southern priviaces, instead of being as now, 4 mere accessory, shall become @ st-ple and principal produce. According ty M. « Dorski, the commercial returas of this pranch of agricul- tural esonomy may be thus stated :. Meat, at 2% cop per pound..... + 85,416,090 to the main fact—s dé- Tail 5,000,000 pounds, at 37 50 cop 17,400,000 ‘Hices, ‘at 1 rouble each.........6.006 3(333,009 * Silver roubles, seeseeeeereseseeseneees 66,240, 000 FAMCB.......ceseeeesecessvececscsecseee +228,998,090 To this amount it behooves us te add the vatue of thy Sab: r employe on the commooity. as also of the calves and milk, but as this would be atvended with some dit- ficul'y, let us sdopt the average revenue per head, as ©alculated by the learned economist I have bitherto cited, ‘al hough I betieve the figure to ve below the average ad Compared with that estanlished in France. Iu the latier country it amounts to 4lfr. per head, whilst M. Tegodor- #ki allows only four rouble (L6fr.) but evan at this esti- estimate, the product would yieli 100 millioas of roubtes. Adopting as a basis only one-half the Franch average, we have 128 millions of rouvles, or 612 miliions ot francs: aud admi'ting the renewal of our herds every tive y our agriculture would give, even at the reduced esti: adepted, a revenue of 6 500,000 roables, which, toge- ther with the stabie produce above sta‘ed. would make a Grand total of 187,500,000 roubles, or 750,000 000 tranes. HOW THE RUSSIANS SPEAK OF THE WESTERN POW BRB AND AUSTRIA. The Paris corresponceut of the Times writes :—It is cu- rivus to learn how some of the most emiueat political personages ut St. Petersourg speak of the Western Pow- ‘€re in confidential letters to the'r frieuds. They affect to allude more in serrow than in anger to the conduct of France, yet occasionally the later feeling becomes more ~3)perent. To Evgland they use termso! a very enorgetie Kind indeed, and often descend, or assent, to veurrility Bus the Jan, applied to Austria, to the young Fin} ror. to Count Buol, exhaies the very iaspiration of ha tred. Words are not strong enough to descrine or de penne her ingratitude and her trearon, avd a cea‘ury ot biiter repentance will not suffice, we ‘ara {atormed, to efface the traces which her ‘‘misdeeds and her ya-eness’’ ‘ave left upon the heart of Russia. the circia ef her an- imority is now iocreased sy the defianes flung in her face by Sweden, but here the feeling is rather one of amaze- mevt at the audacity of « petty vassal than of animosity; Dut with regard to Austria she jeels that the celeorated menace of Prince Schwarzenburg, the prediction of the “monstrous ingratitude,” is all but com- “pletely reanzed. Against Russia Austria has sin- med too deeply to be ever forgiven; let us hope that for such a sin she may never f-el regret, and that ‘ber impertinence will be final. Russia bas indeed suf- ficient cause for her anger. “he poicy followed by tae two great Powers of the West has brokyn up that alli- sn @, profanely termed holy, which, however the oa ‘bas charged, bas pressed on the populations of Europe for the last forty years, That allianw of the Northern ‘courts survived all the quarreis which tory may bave had among themselves, and which Russia never failed to turn to ber own advantage. Taree years ag» I declared that Russa wae preparing to employ the tr-mendoas powers which ber sscomslices seemed willing to abandon to her for the total extinction of the indepeodsace ot Eu- rope. Rugsta then dieiated her will to Austria and Pras- ‘sia. She ruled so supremely at Cons*natiooyle that ant undistinguished Englishman. of great puliticat expori- ence, and many years ot whose ite had beea passe in diplomacy, laughed at the ides of even actenptlug to re sist ber ‘Her minister bad on'y to lite nix fuzar to re- duce the Sweedish court to «ubinteston und ts etleaca, aad some of the most favored politiciaus of tie tims of Beuis Phillippe, ever ready co bully @ werk nsich- bor or to cheat a powerful aud contdiug frivnd, passed sleepless nights whenever a frown appeared on the brow of the Emperor Nichotus, What a ‘change since then! The Holy Attimee is oroken fa fact ae in mame Russian is detached from ner dearest friends, and xn impassable guif yawns between ber and the West of Europe; and that gres’ fact bas been pletely realized witoin ths last fw days, The example get by Swecen cannot fail to be followed by Venuark, and the resistance boldly preciaimed oy t Fower, not merely ‘or the preseat war, ba will, itis hoped, ne repeated by the otuer an. the weaker States, HOW LITTLE EUROPEAN POLITICIANS UNDERSTAND THE RUSSIAN CHARACTER. te on the 2th vlt,, reports as followe:—T had a long conversation yesterday with a Russian gentleman, who is one «f the meat bighly educated aad intel igent porsoas Islmost ever met. He was much employs by the late Czar, and has had several missions coafited t» hia; amongst otbers, one to Central Asis—rathe a scientitic than @ political one—whic2 waa much taiked of at tae time. I plainly told him what I told you in my letter of yesterday touching the plana I had heard spoken of as thore of the ensuicg spriong campaign, ani the dangers which were lixely to threstea Russia from the North. He did not seem either surprised or alermed; but the sudstuace of his whole saswer to me wes this:—‘“I have aiways thonght as mich from the begicning; [ have always felt that thi war would probably oe a war of invasi sp from one side or the other; et/ber & war of invarion agatost France, if Russia ‘were victorious, and the Holy Allisace, miaus Eng and, rituted ; or ® war of favusion against ua, if the rn nilies were Fuccessful, I never couli beilove in any of the attempts made by England end France to per- avade the public themeelves that they wouid stop short of the uttermost; that they vould go tows far aa no fartber. Io the first place, war such a4 his once be- DO pies billty fir the victorious party t Place» limit to his enterprive, if the vanquisied one ob- te om erylog “Hold, erg!" A gr of interns tioval destruction ix probably the very tacality of toe ‘aT, ond cannot be pr vented; and,’’ my inw:louto wedded “Twill tell you whe firmly believed tha ecruggle would be carie* up o the wally o° St Petersburg =the ate Cant Nich Ins He pever beileved war wind brew cut at ol), and was on that poin' aitely bit for Aw very long while; but when it did io real earnest prswk ovt, be clearly raw ite cangequences, or, [ abyult yather Pay, re adwiitea there wera gone shat f might not lead ty.” 1 asked this geathansa i be aid not look forward with dismay to the chiases of ruin to hiscovutry if te built upon » po-stbility of re sistance? At this be smfled and shook hi+ head, wad his reyly was, “0, TU thort-siuhted and trom day.to-duy- iiving peoile of Fraooe ans Figland, how complacely tn possible it does appear that you :houldever arrivs nt any- thing like an scenrate koowl-cge of the Raselan chyrac- ter! No, to wey the truth, Edo not bull’ upon may effics- | oy of revistance; that {4 upon any resistance that shall drive out of Rusela the invading torces, sin 1812. [do not calculate upon this, ana Lam ine'ived to faacy tha. my apprectatiin of this potat ts alno that of the Lavelli. nt majority of my countrymen; but muppose Uron tad Kits, and Moscow it taken, ‘and St. Petersburg toilows: wat thoo? 60 years afterwards the who! wit be as thovgh it bad never been. Here is tha mape-iority ot ‘Ru and the cbaracteristis you never ; we do not bargain with terebel id do. ‘two, or three, or tea yoars; we coun by fifty, ] ' hundred years, tf requited; you think of you eventy, rolvoa— Sof what ycu In your own lori ‘will lose oF gain or pro- % iby, or enjoy; a generation is to you somethi g vo Beds Silloe ve unic le BoMIng. There is our tute. We Calculate really on the indetintte future, and have always dong #0. Imay not, indeed, pretty certainly shall aot, live (9 00 Rustia revive trom the biow which will probably be NEW YORK HERALD, TUHSDAY,; JANUARY 22, 1856.- ”. dealt her within the next year or two; bat that does aot make mo st all uneasy about her future. fam sorey Providence should have made me hve just at ths moment wi y sopatre’s io misfortune, out { cannoi possibly have a doubt of her destinies, Besides, whan you have taken Moscow and St. Petersburg, what will you dot I defy you or any nation upon the world’s surface, to cecupy Russia—to tura Russia to any account what- soever. For the moment, conquer us @3 Much a4 you please, you cannot destroy us, and you cannot prevent us from outlivivg ali our disasters. cep on ee | govern or people Russia; we are one orl Cocaitios and we sball eadure.”” AMl this was eald with out apy bitterness or eet any exultatioa— but with quiet, eocl, delirarate couviction, Another re- was this mark made :—' Be suce of thia, there are out three countries in the worid—Russis, and France. Allthe reset are as not: , they do not exist; t aocurucy, ”’ he added, ‘I can tell yoa, wit that upon thi “point your Vord Palmerston thinks ex: se'ly as I do, and so does Louis Napoloon, though, of the two, Lord Palmerston is the more entirely con vinzed of it; and, above all, ho has been so for » much longer po gta SIAN TRADE AND FINANCES. ENGLISH VIEWS OF RUSSIAN ‘ \n the report on the trade of Hull (Eng ) for the year 1855 pub'ished uader the authority of a comnictee pointed by the Casmber of Commerce ana shipping, Raa the following obwervations:— On taking a retrospect for the past year of the trade of this port, which, it is well known, is large!y eonceraed with the north of Europe, it not appear that the business bas been so much limited by the war wita Rus- sia as might have been reasonably gre Oy although it must be remarked that n> port in the kingdom hae suffered 80 men ten ae sige ps no yrgneer A with that country. oc imports from Russia pre- vious to the. war consisted of hemp. flax, iron, tatlow, linseed. hides, wool, tar, and deals, with large quantities of wheat and oats, when prices in this country were such ag to induce a trade ingrain. Tho frontiers of Prussia being open for the ti rt of goods to and from Rusia, { appears that the ari of flax, hemp, tailow and lia- mol, to some extent, have been able to bea: the heavy laod’ carriage charges for shipment trom Memel aad Konigsberg so that the importation of vuese articles (ex- cept Linseed) has been kept fully adequate to the con. svumpiion of this district. With a continuasce of the war there seem: no proba- bility of'a want being felt for these articles, as with in- creased experience the ar: ments for the land trans- port will be more maturely effected; and this exvenae of carrisge is not 60 injurious, on the whole, to Russia as waa expectec—that on their exports being (least pad by the enhanced prises in this country, while their im- ports, as being much more limited ia quantity, obteia the venefit of back carriage, which, being in cousiderable supply, can be furnished at much reduced rates A lnige portion of this tand carriage goes into the hands of the Russisn land owner, The land carriage on hexp, flax and tallow, from the St. niet district to Mo- mel, is understood to ba about £10 to £12 per ton, wiile return goods are taken at much lover rates; thus the lower values bear the heavisst charge. As with the transport of Russian articies over the Vrussian frontier, 80 it has been by the cous: of Sweden and the Gulf of Bothnia. Previous and subsequent to the blockade of the Finland ports, considerable traffic has taken place bet reen these two countries, and it is throug. this channel we have received the Finland tar; while con- sicerable imports into Russia have thus been effected of colonial and ather produce. The following extracts from a circular of Messrs. Cat- tley and Co., dated St. Petersburg, the 11th of Desember, refer to the past and prospective state of the Russiau pro: duce trade, as cacried on by means of the o ‘tranatt through Pruséia:—The business done this Russian exports has been extensive, con-idering thi mous expense and the trouble and risk attending 17; and there is giiseay te evident inolination to make arraage- ments for continuing the overland trade next su nmer, notwithstandiog the experience we have had of the vory serious rise that occasionally takes place in the rates of land carrit hence t> Kovno and on river freight from Koveo to Memel; the former is considered mode- rate when at about £8 per ton, and the latter when at about 80s. per ton; and the advance on each has sometimes been 50 per cont and upwards, Toe ra.es of ca‘risge overland form a most important item in the cost of gooos, and have varied so materially this year av to mske sales at sterling prices, free on board at M-mel, very hazardous. At this moment the rate per pord 13 76 silver copecks to Koyno, but it was as high a 125 in July, #nd 130 io August; 10 copecks per good iy equal to about No doubt carriage wiil rive again in juing season, if the overland trade continues. On the same subject the London Globe of January 4th, has the following remarks :— The latest intelligence, as well as the suryey of the last year, proves to us’ that the financial didiculty is pressing upon Russia with insreased severity, ata mo- cent when she is making these active and extensiva pre- perations, She cannot postpoue those preparations, be cause they are necessary as much to msiatain the confi- cence of the Russians, the awe in which the government is held by its own subj-cts, as to be ready for the ensu- ing season, We have had occasion to note several sigas of this pressure, but they make themselves seen in afl directions. One symptom of the disorganized eco- nomica! condition of the empire is the faet tha: she regular trade has become converted into a emuggling trade; and it is perhaps an incident of thst conversion that the metal circulation which the government has s> great an interest to keep within the ecuntry, Lise ge goer out across the fron- tier, Hence, itis supposed, the coinage of copper money, to soften both the evil and the motives of the am ers. The Russians are paying not only for supplies of which the detestable state of com aunication in the couatry iteelf enhances the price, but their supplies tion, ft is said, are runniog short. Saltpetr y the government is re} ‘to wink at the import of sait- petre free of duty. ther these reports are true or not, they show at all events tue state; of thiogs which caures them to be circulated. Nay, the very suddenness with which the coasting trade has revived proves how Ru-sia has suffered under the blockade. The same facts are confirmed by other tests. The Hull people report thet they have suffered more than Russia; and itis pos- arble that ene there may be considerable inconve- nience; but Hull is not the British empire. Nothing is more plaia from the commercial circulars cur- rent, than that many articles of Russian trade are now ocured from other countries ;tinaeed, for example, from india. The paper by Mc. Valpy in the last number of the Quarterly Journal ot the Statistical Sxciety,”’ shows that the ex, ‘3 of raw produce—tallow. flax, hemp, lia- seed and bristles—to which Russia so fir restricted ita trade. has fallen off to such an extent, that, allowing for the semi-illicit trace through neutral ports, it nas sbrunk to one-half of what it was; while in this coun- try, what with imports from other quarters and the sud- stitution of other ariicles for tallow, we have felt com- paratively little inconvenience. Two circumstances aug- ment the loss to Russia, The increass in produce has not compensated for the decrease in exports. Oa the contrary, the disordered state, internally, mast have di- winished her izade with other countries. At the same time, since the markets of the world remaia open, and Russia can expect no favor on the score of her war diffi- culties, the whole cost of the circuitous aad semi-illicit trace through Prussia must be borne by the Russian trader, so that the receipts from the fragmentary trade must be proportionately stili more dimiuished ‘The London Times of Jan. 4. ia speaking of the blockade of the Russian coast-, says:—Pney (the people of Koglan<) have now, however, seen two fleets in succession occupy the Baltic aad preciaim a biockaie of the whole Russian coast. That blockade has cost thit country nvt one furthing jess then £20,000,000 for the two years, which is as much a loss t» this country as if 't had been pro- verty seized apa burnt by the foe. What damege have we ibfiteted on Russia at all in proportion to the damage we have thus done ourselves * The firet reply, of course, is that the direst object of the blockase bes been accomplished. aad we have so far obstructed the trace of Rusia. Om this point there have becn come rather remarkable revelations from the Vrassion fronuer, tending to t e velief that the blocsase bus doze no more harm to Russia thea it has toourselves, Grd that, infact, we are ourselves the chief sufferers. In another part ofour columns, however wil be found some Observations on the effect ef Innd earcdage upon thy Ras sian traco, which remove ail doubt upoa this subjec’. ‘bey are from a report on the trade ef Bull for the year 1866, kpublished by a commiitee of the Hull Chamber of Commerce and Shipping. As the chief part for the Bal- te, Hull bas been the principal sufferer by the interrap- tion of its trade, yet its business has not been so muca Inmtted a8 might have been acticipated. Of the chiet imports from Russia, hemp, flax, tallow and linseed have been ab’e to bear the large adcitional chacgs for Iaad carriage from Memel to Kouigeberg, that cnacge, in effect, fa'ling ov the British purchaser, and going futo che p ick- ets of Prassian eerriers and Russian landowners. Some experts, indeec, have been stopped, such as hites, wool, tar, ang dea! ut the war hax brought these into great request in Russia as well as here, and it is no loss to the Rurcian government that they are kept at home. Our own manufactures find their way back as return freight, and at very low charges. Thus, while the block ade is deing no gréa’ damage to the Russians, it 1s doing most caquestionable damage to ourselves; and the block- sde, as such, appears to be of questionad’e service What, then has the fleet done to justify its enormous expense? It is a question which nelther Napier nor Oun- das has answered satisfactorily yet; and we still wait for ws rolution by some third commander wno shall ostter appreciate the value of the instrument placed in his hunes. Unless something more be attempted, the Ozar will not even think it neceseney to keep any consideraple nuxber of his forces in the North, and the fleet will not even arswer its purpose ana diversion or afeiat. A rea) attempt on Crons'adt, un‘ashional asthe icea fails, and +0, ack, ane would. to taat extect, be disabled trom sending reinforcements to the of warin th South, So far what bas been done is useiess for military purposer, and ridiculous as anavel demonstration; and Eog and awaits Jn opxious suspense the sppearance of the Nelwonu wacte tritd will rive to the vasiness alike of the work to ne cone snd the means placed in his ds tor dotag it. Selevu bad never such an armament; Nelson vever head ofsivam; yet who doubis that Nelson, with ols 'umberiag old Hine ot cattle ships and his rude flotills of gua-boats, would bave done more than we have dons? In the city article of the London Times of Jan. 8, we tind tre fehowirg remarks:— From St. Petersbug the mercantile inteihgense is weoniy ‘Trade is deveribed as cull end the scarcity of specie ond provistons {« acknowledged to be severely frit. “tl, in euch meagre allusions as are made to politics, there is rotbing to confirm the expectation of peat» on the ‘erms proposed by Austria. recent revelations rega cing the drain upon the Russian peasantry, caused by the war, reem to have attracted much at ention The evil {x aaoitted even by writers friendly to Russia. whue fn Jetters from some of those best acqueinted wis. the ioterior of the country, the question a8 t the absences of spy increase in the ropulation for years past is di cussed at considerable leng h Without » knowledge of the country, itis said, 1t might be assumed that the want of numerics! increase in «ne population is to be at-ributed to the barrenness of the soit andthe, eculianties of imate, But thivis nox the case ‘Threr-fourths of the lend is of te very riche voription, and produces heavy crops, wits little or plicn.ion of manure, and climate ts benutifu! as far north as Moscow; while between that city and St. Yerers- burg it resembles that of tho northern 3 ates of Americs. Fven beyond St. Petersburg, as for asthe White Sea, the coun ry may be cempared to Cangia. It 4 covered with toaaidlcent pine forests, aad produces fine ¢rops of cats, Rote hich are sh'pped in large quan- ities to Norway. Germany aud Engiand. Taere is, in fact, nothing in the Russian soil to prevent a ten times ereeter inseass, anda consequent arnelioration of the 208 of the peorie The adhe-ion of the conservative party to the eystem of slavery is the grand cause of the abssuce of all pro- gress, This sys em is curried on in Russia with less respe:t to the wellveing of the victims even than iw America. 3o far as regards their social rights the one is muc 1 op # levei with the other, but personal ill pire arr trea in Faeel owiog to the ed mc possi bility xg any publicity to it. The #reprie- tore retain the least Seater tha: ‘oe Geld, labor, Ll atond porta year by year t> tnose upon whom thay thiak oan rely to repair to the manulastaring towna, where they earn spout 30s. sterlii mouth, of which about two-thirds is paid to their owners, the remaining thisd being sufficient 10 keep themselves and families on rye bread, which can be bought at 34. per Ib., and which is their food for ever. In this condition thelr oaly encouragement Grr iy freee from any ented owners, even on hiviag them out, making it « cvadition that they wil aot be responmble for thele {sleoesa, I Les free application be neglected, Many persons of high +tending in the country among thore who are opposed to ‘4 tystoma'ic education ot the people, still feed for their degraded sorin! position and physical sufferings, Dut fear ‘the power of 19- is of the nobies, who are as igaoraot as their slaves. Among those who wished an alteration wi Emperor Nicholug, who signed a ukase several yeara fxig the price at which serfs might buy their liber but even he, bold ae he war, feared to put it into exec ‘Hence, from all we have heard of his character, i* is not to be expected the preseat Fmperor will strike out in that direciton, however well he may b» disposed, un- lees the nobles should be impoverished by « continuance ofthe war. Thisend would very soon be attainedi a atop were put to the overland trade through Prusala; nd consequently, it is to the conduct of that couatry in pro- moting a continuance of the struggle that the greatest uisertes of the period ure now to be attributed. > Letters from Riga of the 27\h of December, atate that a number of vearela were loading at that port for the Kast Sea, with hemp, corn and linseed for so . ty of the overland trase through Prussia caused the ex- change to be steadily maintained. FRENOH VIEW OF THE PRESENT CONDITION OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE. The following letter from St. Petersburg, dated the 12th ult,, has been published fa Parla— Thave bitkerto only spoken to you of the rumors of the sity—rumors confused, itis true, but pervisted in, and which show that the Russians continue still in state of excitement. You are aware that, properly speak. ing, there are but three classes here—the freee 2 th a ‘ber, and pever permit any member of the novility to frequent their houses. The to-eign merchants no ionger receive; the greater part are ruiued, or on the polat of being 59, by the war, the biockade of the Baltic, and the e.ormous imposte they have to pay. The nobili:y receive, in com- ance with superior orders. Tne priacipal personages ‘ve been obiiged to open their salouns—if tne term “gxloons’” can be applied to appartments furnished with ostentatious luxury, the arrangement of which vetrays the porvenu, A consideradie number of per- sons Faunter through these rooms, and no one dare absent himeelf—not though he may have lost by death » member of his family Tce men gather in groups of two or four around the cad tables, but ou which no lopger glitter those heavs of gola exp med im other times to good or to vad chance. Since the war, those heaps have grown smaller and smaller. The womea cbat ong themselves about indifferent gudjacts, fashions, or the character of their ab-ens friends. But not the sligntest allusion to the war i+ heard; and the young men, thouga burning with the cesi:e to '+peak or et information, dure no; pea their lips for praise or e. In spite of the powers of dissimuiation attrionted to these people itis easy to see that they are not at their ¢ase, Nothiog transpires as to the frequent cons alce- tious of the mivi-tera with the Fmperor, ao more than on what takes piace at the interviews which the Ozar ac- coda to certain strangers paseiog through. or tu the members of the diplomatic eoips. The nobles, wh> imagived that after the death of Nisholas thoy could force hig successor to modify the rigor of his government, and give them a part in the administration of the state’ find themerlves grievously disappointed. They have waited fcr thirty years, and their patience bas beea in yain. Alexander IL. assumed tne reins of goveramont with more firmness than was supposed, and tolerated no more than his fatuer that concitions or reforms should be imposed on him. In certain circles here allusion been msde to the alleged inten. tion of the Czar to free ali the serfs. This is not the first time that the repert has cirewiated, and {f the author of it could be detected he wouli be punt-hed severe yy. You may ve certaia that if sucaa project has ever been seriously entertaiced this is not the moment to realise it. Here we know litue or nothing of what pastes in the Caucasus, or the Irans-Caucavian countries. Whst we do know we leacn from the German pers, The distance between Tiflis and st. Petersbur, enormous; the defiles are encumbered with now su: occupied with hostile tribes. In ordinary times it takes twelve days for despatches to reach trom Tiflis to Viadi- caucas, which ia more than six hundred leagues from Moxcow. Formerly they passed by Mingrelia and Redoat- Kaleh, whence they were sent by stesm ty Odessa, and thence transmitted by telegraph to the Emperor: but from one caase or another, ull these roads are impracti- cable. Ihave just learned that General Mouravielf, not being able to communicate with St. Petecayurg by the Caucasus and the Caspisn, usei to send his despatches across Asia Minor, and by the way of Trebizond, by Arme. nians travelling on their commercial affairs. From Con- stantisople they were ap bes by Greek subjects of the Ottoman empire devoted to the Russian interests, as faras Temael and even Vienna. Itis by this means the news o the fa!) of Kars reached St. Petersburg. Tats will accvunt for the time that pares before it was officially known. The embankments of the railroad from Warsaw to St, Petersburg aze carried on actively. Men are at work on every side at once; the firet oranch, which was only open ‘this summer as far as Gatschina, i: now cpen veyond the Jaamburg. I learn that the government is uneasy about the Mussulman population belonging to the government, both on the banks of the Volga, a« ale> those of Kasan. Though accustomed to the irva yoke which Russia has xed on them, they are not tbe le-s sincerely attached to their religion, and are, consequently desirous of aee- ing Russia succumb inthe struggi-. religious eathu- siasm which bas acted on the Kassian people, may also reduce its effects on the population who protese ‘clera- , particularly,in places where they form ‘he majority. At ‘Astrachan great numbers Lave deen arrested, and have been, most of them, sent to Siberia. In that city it is said that eight mollabs have disappeared. Finland is in a atate of feeling aifficult to descrive. Kormerly the people of that country had been subjectei to nons of th onerous charges and the burdens pressing on them since the war. They can no longer dispose of their produce in Swedish, Danish, and German markets. Ail trade is utanend, and yetthe imposts are trebed; and, more. over, they sre forord to work for toe State, and are obliged to ledge the Russian soldiers, who lay their bans on eyery:hing. They now feel ter tae tiest time the yoke of Rvssia, and are, they say; pugished for hav ing abaxdoned Swecen. The syu:pathies cf the Fialand- ers are turned towards Sweden anc the West. A groat mber have demansed authorization to go to pass the ‘ater at Sicekko'm and those who have affairs to trans actin Germany have taken the way of Sweden in plice of St, Petersourg. The guvernmeat has adopted moa- sures which will make them muay ecemtes ia thi+ coun- try. It hoa formally prvhibites, tor this wiscer, all tem- porary emigration Ur Swedea. Tie Russiaus wrk with cut ceasing at the cefences ot the military rouds, whieh 8 litte teore Wiborg are lost in the marates agg !aken Im violation of the conventions of 1808, they have aiso vexen oil the healthy youxg men for the army and navy. If Finland complains, and if the Mussutmans oi the Tsuride aod Astrasbau are agitated, it may complicate the situation of Rurmia, and force her so couke peace, and cause arising Ado to this canger for Busia the ru wor which pervaces every villege anc every but of an ap- preaching and gesernl emuncipaifion—i> is evidens to every cae bere that tf the alifed a-mies could reach Eka- terinosiaff, the Pueaues would be te great danger. Avo who knows? We way one cayibehoid Revsia in the same otaie she was in under the Czar Scboniski, RUSSIAN POLICY IN NORWAY. {From the Paris Consitutionne . Dec. 17.) ‘The poeion of Russia a4 & marttime Power would de considerably changed oy the acauisiiion of a Norwegian port. Her ships, now encvained for six months of the car ip a prison of ice, would then obtain s contiaual Hrerty ofaction. In place of crews comp wed of « qusa- tity of peasants, who may make excelient solaiers, out are 68 Q3 Aailors, Russia would extend ner sceptre over ® population esseniially maritime, corpoaed of hardy and skife! navigators, whee existence depends on the fisheries of the comet. Finmnrck contains 60.000 ipbspttants, the mals portion ot which would supply valuable rein‘orcements to the Russian fleets 1: would, moreover, be casy for the Czar to transplant whoic tribes of Russian euiijec from the interior of the exgire to those vast and thi.ly populated regions. The abundance of fish is such that a population twofold as great as the Present one would find ample rerources. By the second eration the Kussian fleet would be able to draw om that spot crews as skilful, robust, and mere tober, than any ctber seamen of the world. It is ivpessible to dissimulate the danger which the for- maton of similar a ' at the very doora of Europe woul offer, * * * The Russian propositions for tre sequisitiin of Finmarck ‘ell to the ground in 1847, after conriderable negutiati ns, A trenty existing formerly between Swedex and Norway establixbed thet the frontier inhabitants of the two couutries might take their troops of reinceer to graze in either country, This treaty was devounce? in 1862 by Russia, uncer the prevext that a ower acquired over @ province by conquest was not une to reeogpise former ireaties, And # mill ary condon war drawn by Rursia slong toe frontier, to preveat the Norwegisn Laplancere trom difeiog thet: fl-cks on Sas sien ‘erritery. Necessity has, however, torcec the lat- ter to infringe on the pew regulations, and to bafile the pew Rursian authorities, Th that is required ty kussia to form a pretex: fo seme future rap tre witl Norway, nnd to forve that c unter, unde: far of aninva- cede the territmry coveted by Russia, At+ome convenient moment & Merschitcf would be despatched to Swcbholm, and if te is unsucees-ful in his mission, Kuseian troops would pass the frontie acd possess ‘hem. selves cf 8 ‘material guarentee.” The trick is well known. ALLEGED DESIRE FOR PEACE IN RUSSIA. The Emancipation ot Brussels quotes tho filowing pas- sage of & letter from Vierna of the Lith :—I) is @ aoto- ri un fect thet there is m general desire for peace fa Kuesia, from the bighest classes down to the lowest. Orly a few fanetios etiil persist in calliag fur the eva dmn- avee of the war, although it will compl *e the ruis of their country. The folowing fact wili give you an idea of the went of money in the coontry :—The imperial princesses of Russia have sold thet diamonds aud paid ‘he smownt received for them into the coffers of tbe State. Ali the Kussian families living at Vienna, most of whom pe'ong to the nobility, complaia pitte'ly of the war, and Loutly call for its cessation, well aware of the terrible ronse quences {t may lead to if contunued for another ear.’ On ihe same subject the Berlin correspondent of the London Tumes writes:— From euch letters as have come to my knowledge it may be seen that the consequences of "he are being very severely and painfully felt in all classes of areiet the losses ¢) bave beer sustained by the army ai Feen cow to heve been infinitely greater thea thse at home had oaiculated wpow from the accounts puolished | th of the several affairs; the rich and noble families of the Intd are not only #horn of their propsrty wholesale by levies ot their serfs ane the vountary con‘rioutions, but are sino bereaves of iheir b est acd moat promin- ing members for the ranks of the vrmy. The dmsire of peace, which is general the buik of the yaopie, finds two most influential and eloquent advorstes m the two Empiesiee—thel.ay] Mother and the Eapress- C.nsort. bere sentim+nis, however, weet with ad re- — an 0} oot ever from iS eaeeeraes « old ussion party, which, though not » jority, aut not Fopular, is nevertheless the mest influeatia! in the coun- try AMNESTY IN POLAND. A letter from Warsaw, of the 1éch December, in the Borsenhalie, says :— ‘The extension given to the amnesty has been published here to-day, and is of a uature to produce a favorable ef foot. The tollowing are its principal poiate +The first paregrsph relates to auch persons as quitted public faac- tions when the révolution buyet out, or were dismissed the revolutionary goverom nt; their ries Or pan- sions are to ke Bugwented. The secuad paragraph de- Clares that pereons who belonged to the army, and who fice the in-~wrrection have nut given avy cause tor search lum them, or caured them»cives te ne looked on with #usyicion in 9 potiticel poin of view, will aiso reowive an addition to their penrivaa The third allows all persons formerly compromises in political affairs to again eater on public functions, provided tucir conduct bas been without reproach for five years. Th: fourth permits ecclesiastics compromised iu political matters, and who were axsigued fixed residevore in Russie, to return to Poland. ce fifth relates to persons *ranspor.ad to Sipe- Wa for peli ies) reasovs. permi:ting certain of them to re- turn te Poland, end ning the fength of punivhment of the others, However restored may be this act of pnesty, it insicates a return towards ® more moderate system. EMANOIPATION OF THE SERFS. Private letters from st. reersburg anc other parts of Rusti secert that these is no rath im the report of ite betcg the Crar’e intentim to emancipave the serfs throughout bis dominions. Indeed, it was but the other Gay that M. Lanakoi, the Home Minister, addre wed a ctr- cular to the nobility. aawurteg them tht «! their privi- leges would be maintained. It is an indisputab!s fact ‘thet cynesio considerati ns aude desire to eateoble their power azd resovroes weighed seriously o2 the iave Empe- rer’s wind when he infiie-ed the curse of war on furcpe. ‘Lhe same conriderations cr der: hove sfmiler iafluence with the regung sovereign; but the day 1» not come wher be can attempt a messure #0 bold as that of do- priving landholders vf the wain source of exisenes, and thener, lixewlee, of contzion ing to the necessities ot te Stare. The etamo office on cards for play, the receipts of which goto the imperisl board ot ecucation, has pub- lished a curious notice inviting persons to contract for the conveyance of about 492,20 pounds weight of oards to different perta of the empire during the coming sear. The sale of auch cards is a monopoly, much like the to- Daceo *regie./? . . SMUGGLING OF SPEOIE. There have been reports sent ino he Ruselan govern. ment which show that in spite of the strict surveillance exercived at the fronuers, the smugglicg of specie out of the country is being organized a5 a regular and lucrative trade. It is sta‘ea that he amugglers earn no leas than 4 per cent for all roubles or imperial they cup convey out of the country, from te exporters, and an equal saount frou the receivers, Thelong exiniing suwuggiing of tau and similar articles of evnriderebie Value aud stnail bulk seeps to have trained a numerous population to tills tu dve trade. The dinappearance ot goid and silver frum ulation becomes mory and more evident wad embar- ras'ing; itis probably with a view to iuereasiog the cir. enlation in a manner that ahall aot tempt the smuggiers to carry it off that, ax we learn by telegraph from St. Pe- tersbuig, the Minister of Finance nas just ordered copper money to becvined to the extent of three millions of ‘l'ver roubles, aluh ugh the coluage ot a steailar amount in copper has only just been completed, PARTIES IN RUSSIA. Count Kleinmichel, the ia*e Minzster of Public Works, now that he has retired fo the imperial servies, is the object of innumerable lampoons, satires, aad scarrilous Suonymous attacks, impvting to him enormous embozzle- He was member of tue German party, and it , vnfortunately for him, just at the time of his re nt, that mest of the high officers, such as Adml- ral Von Berch and C-mmander Merder, who heve lately been removed ‘10m office om account of * irregu arities '’ discovered in the depots and arsenals of Nichulaieff, be- long to the same party, and sre for the most part of Ger- man extraction, In the place of every une of the Ger- mans displaced there comes some thotough Rusaisn or other, sveh ax Techevbin and Medlin, to tie great satis. faction of the Russian party. The Mininter of the laterior, Lanskoi, bas also received at the hands of the Emperor a great extension of his power and influence, by the removal of the rastriction which bad been imporea by the late Emperor on the number of unpaii attachés in tne civil service It hax longibepn, the custom for the 6on8 of the nobility, with 8 view to avoiding the tedious service irom the lowest rank upwards, to appiy, on leaving the pub.ic schools or universities, after avtaining the 14th or 12th class (in. the State), to be admitted as Zschinowniki dla osobych porutschen, or officials tor special purpose; as Kuch tiey are attached, though without pay. to the bureaux and ublic offices, and after attaining to a higher ciass, 84} ve Bh or 6th, either oy seniority, good services or pat- ronage, they siep into some good ollice or o'her corres- poncing to the class they bave attained. The appoiat- maents and promotions of these aachés are entirely in the bunds of the Minister, who belongs to aa old Russian family, and of whom it way be expected that his interert we be extended cluefly to the scious of the old Russian nobility, RELATIVE POWER OF ENGLAND AND RUSSIA. A correspondent of the London Zimes faruishes the fol fowing singular ca'culations:— As any cvntribution towards a correct estimate of the relative powers ot the con‘endiog parties may not be without tome interest. I venture to commumsate the following simple ceductions from recent statistics for the middle of the year 1865:— 1, Population of Great Britain in roun¢ num- Population of Russia". * 62,000,000 —That fr, the respective populations, speaking roughly, are as }6 to 7 men in favor of Russia, 2. Persona to one geographical square mil Great Britain.,, seoee 810 HUBBIB.. ee 2° Siinves =-Ur in other words, the dendities cf population are’ res- pectively as 31 to9 nearly in favor ot Great Britain, 3. Number of towns over 60,000 inhabitants: — Great Britain , Russia —That is, thi o are 2832 to 8 iu tavor of Knglan¢, And finally— 4. Per centege of the inhabitants of such tuwna with regard to the total population:— Great Britsin Russia, ‘that is, ¢ in the two couctriesare as Britain. But we may take absolute population, when disengazed from collateral circumstances, as a measure of cirect fighting power; Geusity of povulation, similarly, a o measure of facility of commurication, or dimini: la- bor; the relative number of great towns as « p-eaump- tive criterion of fndustrial «pirtt: and. lastly, in the same way, the per centage of the tots! or absolute population, whch the inhabitan's of these towns form, may be ta- ken ss a fair clue 10 the retative diffusion ia two coun trice of a quickeued, practical secse. This premised, we Dave Ratio cf direct fightirg power sgainst and io ef Cimmhed lavor in fever of » of industrial epicit im favor of Englend etio of riftured ttigence in favor of Engiacd, 21 — 2 ping these ration by en elementary rule ia ervhaetic, we obtain the general ratio ia tavor of G eat Brivain os ugaicst Rurms, +1,726 — 27 In sme er numpers, nearly... ss. 1 656-— 1 ‘Thus. seaving coicaies and allier ont of view, and con- sideriug E>gtanc and Kuseia with reference to men, Ia- bor, industry sed inteliigecce ecmbined, we Aud the former to be to the latter as 65 to 1, or under the mark a5 1 1, BETROTHAL OF THE GRAND DUKE NICHOLAS. A ieties trow St, Patersburg of the 1ith, says:— I bave aireacy sent you sn acc sunt of tue betrothal of the Grand Duke Nichoias. He wes born on the 8th of August. 1831, and the Princess Alexandra, daughter of Prince Peter of Oldenburg, to whom he is’ affianced, on the luth of June, 1888. Tue froseeau of the tature Grand Duchess !s exaibited at the Olden» Palace, on the Neva Quey and is visite’ ty crowds. 6 Eraperor bas pald for it from bis purse, owing to the com- peratively smal fervane of Prinse Peter and the namber cf children be has to estebiish, When princes and prin- cesses of ths in.perial houre of Russia are affianced, it i+ the eustom to place at thei: dirposal a epeciai residence, and \ create for their service what is called a ‘‘court,” that is, 10 designate she principal officers and fanction- aries of their household. The usage, however, has not Deep fully followed in the case of the Grand Duke Nichoias, and this bas given credit to the report which beea carrent for some time, that hia tm- periat bigness wil! soon be cailed the throne of Polenc, it being intended to declare the Grand Duchy of Warsaw tadependent immediately after the death of Marsbel Paskiewftch. The Queen Dowager of the Ne- therlands, Apna Pawlens, aunt cf the Emperor, has, since ber srrival, teen residicg in the Palace of Anitch- kiew. Tam told that she has succeecing in etablishing a tort of barony be ween Alexander II. and tne Grand Uvke Constantine. The Emperor 1s generally beloved on uccourt of his mUd charscter; but the Grand Duke is core cetes.cd. He is ikewise dreaded, his violence of character being snch that he too often passes the bouacs ovcommon trutality. This fault, which is gene- rally so rare io @ young man is strikingly developed in the Grazd Duke Constantine, who resembles in all re- pects his two uncles, Constantine and Michael, of de ylorsdle memory. The Grand Duke, who is sincerely to be pitied, falls at times into paroxyetms of terrible fury, Ore attacks are followed by @ sort of physical an were! pr mm. Do not, therefore, believe the rews. morg’ ts who anpeunce that the crown of Poland will be given to the Grand Duke Cons'antine, KEJOICINGS IN 8ST. PETERERURG—TE DEUMB AND THEATRIC ALS. (From the St, Pete-eburg (Dec. 18) Correspondence of the London Chronicie.} Iwrite you with the souce of the hells of th’s city ringing in my ears, which have been penlivg out merrliy reat oxmp since the worping There was u double reason for thete being rung—one, the victory at Kare; the otaer the fits of St, Mebeolas. ‘You cannot form an idea of the bustle in tho capital to- dey und the ezowd in the streets, From daybreak St. Letersburg was crossed im every direction by sleiges bearing the principal civil and’ military fauctionsries #né dignitaries, who had received novice to be present at & given hour in the cl lof the Winter Palace. There ‘he Paniktada was first chanted in honor of the me- mory of the lete Empercr Nicholas; and next a Te Jeum was porformen in thanksgiving for’ the capture of Kars. whe pews that event was brought here by 1 of utenant Ko-sakeff, Aide de-Camp to General Mou- ravieff, who was at once nominated captain of the gna’ rd, and appeinted aide de-cemp to the Emperor. The fall of Karais in ithelf but of trifftee importance, as the Rus- slan troops will net Care to advance any further; bat it hes @ double importance in the eyes o: the Russian te, of whem G it inspires the war party with the hope that Genera! Mourevief will Aim & ace Ge Meee” Gortechakoff, whe; eoexegnle OF tocorreccly, is secused of 8 want of efvily, After receiving tht congrstulations addressed to their Ms jestaos at the ciuse of d vine ser vise, the emper ir pro- ceded to tha arge ri tog 6 hv I, where he revie ved the regimest that was te mount gusrd during the may ia the Cepitel, and detecmeuce fiom all the m litary Ko.ools. a I wig Duke Crarewilce formed part ot the 1st corps At $ o'olsck there was e grand dinner at t ter Palace, at whack, ta adrtion to the Beiprece ee, tie Queen Dowager uf tie Ne herlandd, and ui. the auembera of the itopertalfxmily, *be mtois ers, seversi m=mbere of the corps dipiomatique, and some high dignitaries of the it empire. were lp the evening thair Majesties visited the Alexand, theatze, where the Russian compauy perforard a pic under the nawe of ‘The Hand of the “ate faty has S.ved the County.” The Russian. nations! hyma ‘Boge teazis Khrepi,”’ was eyed twice during the eveniag. The features of the Emptor indicated that be was kuffer- ing, but be affecte: to spear gay, which surprised me not a little, as I have been ywused toat since his retarn from the south of Russishe bas been unusually lw in stiita Some sstonishuem was also feit at General Bibiooff having beer sen inthe morning at the Winter Palace. ihe Gengee) had been Mirister of ibe Interior, but was diem! from his posi for bis incapacity. Abbss Kuli Kbav, the Persianenvoy, is now the her> of the dsy, ard numbers of peopie siation themselves ll day loug cpvoaite the hotel where he raxides, in order to get a gimp: Count Nexelroce sud ‘he principal persous of ths corp: dydimatijue. This evening he wil be ut che Opera, which, as wel! as ail the other theatres, cloves to-mor- row for Christmas, Generai Totieben is now at Cronstadt. He bas been treated like » prince since he came bere. At the banque piven to him py the puptie cf ‘he Engineer School, th Grand Duke, the Ins pector-Geveral of (ba: branch of th service, p oposed ths be J/bof the Russian Vaudan, nad proolsim es bim to ne the grextest warrior in the empire. ‘This toast was followed by ® wureber of others to officers who hac distioguiehed themselves in the defence of se- bestopol. Iz the midat of the tumutt of \ne fete and the untversal Joy at the taking of Kars, no! aword i+ maid on the ques tion of peace, but when sil tots neise is over, it will prob- ably sgain come on the tapis. ABOL'TION IN TE CHEROKEE NATION, An Act for Yhe Protection of Savery Vetoed by the Chief, John Boss. CURIOUS HISTORY OF THIS CHIEF. He Marries a Quakeress, and Becomes an Abolitionist. Considerable Indignation Among the Arkan- eas Newspapers, [From the Southwest Independent. } AN ACT FOR THE PRESERVATION OF SLAVERY IN THE CHEROKEE Nation. Whereas, the Cherosee people are, many years, a slave holaing peop e; whereas, the constiution and laws ot thefSherokes Nation rae oguisa the wstitution of slavecy, introdu:#d and taught sy theic preceptors, the whites; and whereas, some of the mis- lor cburcbes now sivuste tn this natioa have expel- Jec sCme of our Cherokes citizens from che particpation of chureb privilyges, because they retused to emanctpate theie slaves nnd others bave been threatene: with ex- pulsion; end wheress, the Cherckee people, deeply im- pressed with a feeling af gratitude toward: these same mis-fonaries for ths counties aod munifold blessings they bave bestowed upon th-m, would not extend to them any civilities unbecoming to Christian Pronle, but would rather, as shey value the stability of their local Jindixpensuble 10 their prosperity a9 afnation, ere the cordial! haad of friendship, cons'stent heir Own vatoual interests. Therefore, me Be it enscted = | the Nstional Council, That the Cacro kees bave claimed tor many years past, and do claim at pees: to be @ slave bolding peuple in a Caristiantike spirit. Be it further enne'ed, That the principal Chief be, and he is hereby authorized to epee @ communication with the different Boards of Missions, having +tations ia this Nation, touching upon the institution of slavecy as a church priseiple, and report the said communication to the nex’ council. Be it further enacted, That it shel! be valawful for any wissionary to counse! or advise any slave, any way what- ever, to the cetitment of bis owner or owne:s uncer the penalty of being removed out of the limits of this Nation, aud it is hereby wade the duty of the Solicitor of each istrict, to report gil missiousries #0 offending to the exent, who is hereby requeeted to place them beyond the mits of cur Nation. Be it furvher enacted, That it shall not be lawful for any citizen of this Nation to advise or counsel any slave to the prejudice of his cwner or owners, and sny Porson 60 offending upon eopviction before any of the district courie, shail be required to pay a fixe of mot less then twen'y-five nor exceeding ove hundred dollars, at tho ciscretion of the court, for the verefit of the injured BOD. we it further enacted, That it is hereby made unlawful for the Superintendent of Public Schonls to employ or continue a8 tescber, in spy public school of this Nation, ary person known to be an uboiitiouist, or whose influ ence ix opposed to the interest of the rlave holders. Re it further enacted, That it shall no! be lawful for the rational Treasurer to issue 2 permit to any known ab jjitionist. “X, FOREMAN, Pres. Natl. Jom, W. FP, Bovmiot, Clerk. (Committee concurred.) STAND WAICE, Speaker of Council. H. T, Mann, Clerk of Councis. Tahlequah, C. N.. Oct. 24, 1855. ‘The above is a true copy of a bill which pasied both branches of the National Council of the Cherokee Nation, ix and Curing the esssion of the same for the year 1855, and was vetvea by the priccipal chief snd again paved by a constitutional majority of two thirds of the national committee, and fuilec in the lower House. W. P. BOUDINOL, Clerk of Com. Tho following article appears to have been written be- fore this act was vetoed [From the South West Independent.} ABOLITIONISM AMONG THE CHEROKERS. Our readers wilf peruse the action nad st the late Cherokee Couneil in regara to abolitionists, Phe wisdora of the law is manifest, and the exesution of sash & lew is not only vitally necessary to the welfare of the Chorokees, but ie also of great importance to slave interesta. The Cherokeea cannot too soon enforce the sau'ery provisions of this act, nor can they be tow early in placing tbemrelves in on attitade ot defence against the encroach- ments of the enemies of slavery. They caow nyt bu: the very scil they, with other tribes, cecapy muy soon ba- come the field where shall 9e fought the great and tial batiie in the cause of siavery. ‘Therefore, their action ia respec to the protection cf their sieve property, and ‘ber Goclaraticn that their territory is sinve soil, are of the uty ost importance tothe Sout; aud to the South the Cherokees must look as their putural and oniy refuge in the contest now going on with the foes of flavery It greatly bebooves them to ac’ up strenuously and firmly 0 the principivs deciared in toe law referred to, aud be prepared at all hxvards to maintain the institution of have been for lvery, 8ud the rights they thereoy possess, In this meintenwnce they will most certainly receive the sup- port, it need be, of thy whole Suath Too much care cannot be taken in regard to the in- ridions entrance aw @ the Cherokees of aboiition or tree roi sentimenis, and they cannot be too watenfully on Wels guasd agninst the wily principles of auti-siavery hing 200: in the mings of their you Cousequently tbey whould regard with distrust ali those persons, whe ther they be missionaries or teachers, whether they be sincere in their free soilism, snc ardeat trienis to the Cherokees or not, who seek to promulgete or secretly cir- cu'ste abolition Coztsines, or in any cegree ty Ieswen that obedience and sense of service which toe slave owes his mester, Such persons may have been the instruments of great good to the Cherokes people, and my jus ly claim the gretivude of the Nation, yst any at‘empt toin- troduce aboiition ccctrines to disatfect the slaves, or to excluds from the Church tlaveholders because ‘hey are ened, cancels that debt of gratatade, overcomes with evil the gooo they may have done, and deserves the frown of the pation and the condemnation of the law. We are happy to seo this trae spicit animating Chero hee legislators, and that the people are determined that the aboritionist shail have no sbiding place with them, but thar he shail, when known, be inmediatey expelied their country. ‘These sentiments, sp'rit and law are the more import- at at this moment on account of che «trife now waging in harsas. Ubat Terzitery is om the immed.ate —— en border of the therckee country. Tne str that there may produce xanguinary results end to the suecess of anti-slavery, when the battle be trans- ferrec to Indian territory. Bed fo ti beige da cvmpletely prepared to rest every euercachment, in any mane ac i od cr the nbeltty mets againat the right of the Cherckees to heid slaves on thele soll. Kansas may breome a free State (which God forfead!), in which event the whole p rthern boundary of the Cherokee Nation will te expored to the constant ceprecations of abolitionists, ard erergetio_at'empis be made to lay the track of aa toucers round Matiroa”” aoroes the Cherokee, Creek and Choctaw countries to Texas, fer the aplriting away of lwves, ly that event slave propert: become unve- rable, ec nearly valuelege, hrovgh thie while regioa, while the sboltito flushed wih victory in Kansas, strain every nerve to bein may Indian terrt ory under lie ban of fr vem. Shouid Kansas become a fee Si reault we deem os yet improbable, but ate, (& not fwp “inte,} thee things will surely transpire, and tbe struggie sow rending Kapsns will be transferred to the fol of the Cherokees, Creeks and Chostaws. and opens scenes there be re-epacted. This is no idle talk. Fvery word of it may handle to prove trae, The re- slity os weil as the foresbadowing may come. Five years sirce bad ony one thes predicted what has taken place, is taking place in Kansas, hie predictions would have been dvelared vornand ide. Bue they would baye been trath. So, if Karns should become a free State, it Syuthern im- migration ‘bese is overwhelmed by a Northern free soil iumigration, the battic afterwards will surely be fought op Iorisn . It not cnly then pressingly behooves the Cherokees and other trides to take very -tringent measures for the de- tence of thetr property, but it isa question of vital mo- Tent to the oitizens ¢’ A:kavsns, Louisiana and Texas, and should be heeded by them in tims. Early action of the sort indirated by the Cherokee law may prevent mach ‘utore mischief, snd y be the means of averting a storm tbat eleewhere veep over our heads, In thi tion of the Cherokees wo have a deep interest, ané we repeat that they cannct do tov much to put down sboltnont+m, fraught as it is with so much present and future evil. [From the Arkansas State Gazette and Demoorat.) ABOLITION IN THE INDIAN COUNTRY. It may be remembered by our reacers. that something more than two yearw ogo we called attention to the insidu- ous rovements then making by the abolitionists in the 0 of sim. Yestercay he paid a visit to | nase mi came il aS aa reer Erne, mumernmrenr ampere nese Indian country West of as. that thees movements would not ee 9 ‘be but would eapiciyigrow jaiase x of serious magoivude, yo ‘wi the propricty of some preventive measures, Serer Sates whose interests seemed more connate involved. Our apprebensions cid not vweem to mest wuch someursence at the tine, gad some of our cotem- Poreries went ro far a+ to controvert the positions we as umed, and oppore the adoption of such measures as we propo-ed We were clear and decided in our convie- tions, then, end bave been more «nd more confirmed ta them by eubseq uent observation, that it would have been a policy of wise forecast, if the States of Missourl, Arkansas, Louisiane and Texas had, betore this taken the subject under serious consideration, anf adopted some such steps as were then sugyestei. That th-y bave not. is, in our opinion, to be mach 5 and ie they will, st the éarliest opportunity, we sla- cerriy bore, While, however, the States we have mentioned have been, if not indifferent, yet certainly inattentive to this watter, the evil has been constanily growing, until bas w'tained such magnicude as to arouse the Cherokee Neuon to arense of their danger, and induce them te Undertake decictd meamures to arrest it, as far, at bs the power «tthe legislative depactment of their oro puget scahlenang to do so. This will yon rom ‘Av Act for the Protection of Slavery in the Chere- kee Nation,” which was pesed by both branches of the Nati nat Council, Octobe oh The? *n y the principal ciiet, John’ Ros, I: was agaia passed by tbe,constrrutivusl ‘inajority of two-thirdwot the mae tional committee (or upper house), but failed in the Jower howe This uct, there‘ore, although passed by a decided ma- jority of the legislative representatives of the people, tnd no doubt exprersing ‘he convictions of tha Nation as to ite propri*ty and mecessiy, hue been readered gatecy fer the time as a binding law, by the veto power of Jobu Rous. This is wo be regretted’ on many accouste, for it confers no present good upon the Cherokees thea felvex, but bodes tauch evi slike ty thom aud lo their white nrighbors, and even to the slaves amoug both, What reasons, special or geveral, Jobo Ross may have earigued ‘or incerpowing to preveat tae cousammation of ® measure so obviusiy proper and necessary, ve bave pot sten; nor can we conceive of acy which would be him. in view of tne troe interests of che nation. while admitting him to be a maa of very considera abifity, and wille we would 66 very sorry to do uts mo tives apy Injustice, we thick wecaa basdiy be far wrong in seeing in this veto of hiv a disposition, f not a positive determination, on bis part—~of which be has been (vag purpested—to favor the views of toe wbolitivnists. without regard to the real icterests of his Sle ad ae ln bis patriotirm—ihat ix, any love or paternal regard of bis for the Indian pation—we nave never bwi any cunfiden e, aithough, peroaps from considerations of policy tor baw own personel adva: loge, be has mansged theie alairs ae Well, for Kevera) years past, ay goy other man « ag them might have donc. Bat we have always ais-hev dowry rea! ryopatby between him ant his peo,le has 10 litde Inaian blood in his veins, and too mic hi h ‘or om to love them, or fc much, It would be fgrinst pacure for efther tim or thin w 0 far from the circum tance» which hsve marked his career, giviog favor to tne belie! that this nsturel has nee. reverses ip his cade, tho very opposite is true Thet he bas sume Indian blood, we suppose is tre, and, therefore, in name, a! least be faa Cherokee, But, vocoriourly, he has so little that, toe s ranger who should weet him however verded in Ladian taits end pbysiognomy, be would uaoques'ionadly ve taken for a canise—rsther dark, it te trae, but met Ay much 80.8 many of undoubted white blows, who are daily @en iv every neighb-zhood ic \us Vaion, Thea, in geversl appearance aud manners, be would pass any- where tor a white man; acd a one, ‘ov, of education, twent and force o: character, He hes governed the Che Tokers, it ie true, fr meny years, acd uomtaaity Gy hele cenrent. But al who know bis history know vory wall that his azcecdency was origicaily acquied by the (> 98 of x strong will skied hy aris of cunt ing; and was aot only eignatizes lo the beginning, but was tor a long whils mainteined only by the 4:roog—.oo ofien by the nloody— bend of « power as unscrupulous aad despatic as ang which history records, His whoie course het been not only sanguinary, out rapacious, to a degree pecome proverbial; iz while pursuing it, he bas built up @ colossal fortune for himself Aud this fact not only tallies wih the counectios be bas so long retaivei with the Nation, fn the absence of any fellow ‘veling for them cr any patrio‘ism on his part; but it suggests the mexns by which, afteratding the abolition ite im thear insidious designs upon the Iudiam counwey, he may be enabled to make hi+ own escape from the oa: Jamities be will bave brought upen i, For itis well knowr that years ago, vot content with wives (however pumeroua) of bis ov pation, be went lal cae of tee Northern States, and married a white worran—e Quaker- ese—it is said, an aboli ronist hy faith and profession. At the came time, it is said, be invested large suns of mo- ney ix land and other property m the North and Kast. ie this we vee tbat, years ago, the germ of aboliiion wae planted in the very bosot of bis family. Refore that time nothing cf that back pestilence was known in the Chero- kee Nation, From that time it has germinated, exteead- iy, cautiourly, insidiously, but noné the lese ge: ever since, until now it has acquired a power which bas arrayed the legislutive and toe Rx- ecutive branches of the goverrment in sotagonism to otber, upon a question which th.catens not merely to disturb the present tranquility of that vation, but to destroy its very existence, for stupid, indeed, must be the wan, whethe: he be white or Indiap, who can suppose tha: such a struggle as the ceveloped »itempt to éboli ionize the Indian coun- try must bring about, would be limited to that country, or its present inhabitants. In the nature and of things, there could be no suc: Nmits to it. Sach ae actempt of the abolitionists is but the iaddious wis of the rerpent to extenc ita tateful folis around the Southwestern Staies. The aspect of their aggressiqms North anc Kast is already so far threatening and eas to require alaost more thin Christian pa tience to bear with it. Lat it but show its hideous fromt, in plain snd tangivle form, upon our Western border, and then, in very trut! ‘lor bearance ceases to be @ vir- tue.” Al the Southwestern States would then haves duty to perform, under the requiremeats not ot patriotixm and justice, but of seif-preservation, they would perform that duty, and as one man, it were treason to doubt. And, {n its perf :rmance, all they might not bo able to obtain “indemaity for pest,’’ they could never stop short of taking full ‘seca. rity for the future.’ Need. any one be told what would be the result «f such contingencies? We are very sure that no white man needs any such tnformatioa now; sid we truy hope that the Indians, one and all, may sequire it in due reavon. We have good reason te ballove hist a large Diaioeity oC the Onesies Hatenaee diepores to co right, in this whole matter, as they have given evidence in the act of their council we have referred to. To those who are not wo disposed, we take occasion to asy that, although some of them. esp: their leaders, may count uvon matiog thel- esespe from the consequences of doing wrong, they will he doomed te Ctrappointment. Tat Joho Koss wil so attempt to es- cape, perhaps even before the evil day shall come, walsh his conduct is invoking, we cave alrea'y intimated our beifet. If our estimate of hix character and policy, ae setfortb, be well founded, as his bisiory, together with present circumstences, seem t warrant, we should get be surprised te Jearp, at an early that he is not already, engaged ia ctspo ef bis possessions ia tae Cherokee Naiton. in order ‘o tremsfir the precreds. toget:er with him-elf «gd ols Guaker wife aud children, to their abolition home Id amme ne of the Northeastern Stetes. We sreno alarmist, und not in the ha»it 0° aaticipe- ing evil days. Norshould our readers bastily suppose ‘attach tro much importance to his question, At uy the opicions we have been adopted atter wueh reflection, and are sineezely entertatuet, Theotres ond Kxmibitions, Rreapway Tusatky.—ibe grand scenic diame of “The Sen ot Ice” will egoic be performed thix @vecing. Tale Fpectac.e 18 founded op ipe.dents of the most thrilin cha acter, and the scenery with which it is rove sper: is upon & scale of reagnificence correspording with the pot. The lavgbabe tarce called “Tweaty Minutes wit a Tiger’’ is the atterpiece. Nito’s GaRpEY.—vhe famous Ravel tamily will pee- form im three of their most popular pieces this evening, commencing with the new comicality entitle “fue Sebo lmaate:.’” Those desirous ot enjoying » hearty laugh sbould witn Francois Ravel's celineetion of the tallechool-boy, “The I siian Brigands’ will follow, and all will cOuciude with “M6. Ouchaluweau.” BowEry TaRaTRE —Those popular artists Mr. and Mise Charles, will make their recond appearance ‘v-alght. The first ptece is calied “Ireland and Americas’. Jommy Fipnigen, Mr. Char.es; Peagy Anderson, Miss Charles. To be succeeded by ‘In and Out of Plice’’—Miin Charles in five characters. The whole wil conclude with “the Perrecuted Durchman.” Mr, Miles, the obligiug assint ent trearurer, willhave a besefit to-morrow, Burton's THRATKE.—Ths oorformances will this evaniag commence with the amusing farce called Tweaty Mi- putes with a Tiger,” followea by the excellent comedy of “‘Sweethea: snd Wives!’— Mr. irton in his great part Parber ax Bugsnis, To closd + entitled ‘the Barber's with the very laugbabl Pot" Mer Burtin be the bero. WALLACK’s THEATRE. —The intensely excl ing drama ea- titled “Pauline,” which hax so frequently seen ewarded the heartiest applause by large anc ciscrimioating au- Giences, wil be presented thi+ evening together with Mr. Brongham’s popular extra’ isa of “Po ra-hoa- tas,"’ whiob, it is uncerstood, will be withdrawn ater Thureday. Lavra | Kexve’s Vanermes.—Balwer's beaatiful of “Che Lady of Lyons’? wil ‘ain be verformaé to vig Mine ki Prima Donpa,’”’ !n which Mile. Franck apyears. Worp's MivsTaers tender » choies selection of popaler Ethicpiao meloiies apd dances to-ngnt. Casir will conclude with the Iaughadle burlesque of ‘The Mummy” BUCKIBY's SeRES ADERS —This 014 extablished and uni- versally popular band of musicians will singe number of their ta Loe this evening, winding up wiih the adam- rable burletta calle. ** Beauty and the Beast.’ Twwerian DRaMaic ASSOCIATION.— Arrangements are Deing made by this c ~~ yn thd perform in Brooklyn fe the course of a fortni leadiug | any will be the popular ccm dy of “The Serious Family! —Mre. J. Allen speeig Wisow Deimaine, Mr, Widdicomb aa Slerk, and Mz, P. Tyrone ag Magaire. Mr. J. H. McVicxen, the American comedian, who re cently made so successful a début in London, arrive: here on Sunday in the Glasgow steamer. We beac that he will shortly appear at ove of the oity theatres. Mzs, Cran Howanp waa announced to play at the ‘Trey Adelphi, last evening. Mr. James C, Du of the Bowery, had a benefit last Fridey, A “ Beavty and the Beast,’ “Time Tries AUS? and + Mise Anva Cruise played the Beauty and LPOX At PRATTSVILLE, |(Gagene Corxty.— ‘en a private source we learn that this dread dia- ense bas decame epidemic at Pratteviile, Greene ” and it bas raged 1) 80 violent! have been prohibited from The fing the » Nearly every inhsbitent of the wan or been down with the disease, Every business piace was closed — Albany Journal,