The New York Herald Newspaper, August 19, 1855, Page 2

2 NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, AUGUST 19, 1855. Hi from the windows, and planted on the honsetops all along the line of maguificent boulevards through which she will pass; and to make the proceasion consplete, and fill the air with such acclamations ag never before throughout the walls of this enchanting met , Napoleon should be on horseback in the of ions, and the Queen of land, like avother Zenobia, enter Paris in fetters! When that day arrives many French men will have a far more just notion of eniente exhibition. It is understood that the Canadian gov- ernment allowed @ sum of $4,000 for the trausport and representation of the goods of the Province. Com- plaintsare everywhere made that more ample speci- mens of the machinery of America are not produced. i the anneze is from the Place de la Concorde ; it is be- one’s tour of ion t, instead 4 entering ut once Palais de Fngustrie In this way the visiter traverses about half a mile of the pit to assassinate, it is said, the Euaperor, very much resembling that which last year, it will be remembered, was to have exploded at the Opera Comique, when, the Emperor being murdered, his dead body waa to be dragged through the street, and the red republic instantly proclaimed. ‘Phe particulars of this affair are still secret; not a word has yet transpired in any of the journals, but the fact itself I have no reason to doubt for a mo- | cordéale than they can ever be persuaded to have at | brilliant annexe, winding his way through the Coal- ment. Dy and by we shall doubtless bear mage. Bat | ree oa ea ee oe anceresting to | Prockdale foundry the ‘Canadian court, he Austrian, and their apecial luce and Godlee spire cg bottle ‘of iron, Bc candies, | 8 es, 7 til he echoes @ for ‘ sed of frm which gu enn fre bl a from which streams Oo! » Then ve! reahing spray. walls the road ; the bridge itself ruple row of itors’ 5 presse, agagh, domtocs of rich Gobelin drapery, 0 your readers will remember that J drew attention in wy last to the deprecatory tone of the Conatitutionnel, an extract from whose article I gave, wherein the workmen—honest men that they were-—were caution ed how evil designing men tical purposes, tamper with and mislead them. Itnow pa that the Constitutionnel used its language visedly, and that affiliated socictics have struck their rocts so deep into the whole soil of France that the government has had reason to be serionsly alarmed, The extreme dearness of provisions, the memorable in its history. The private accounts which I receive from Spain re! nt the state of things there as iusecure in the extreme. O’Donnel has been heard again aud again to declare that he does not believe the throne of laa- sarvive another axsemblage of the Cortes, and Espartero, reluctant to take the step, is said to be rapidly y’ faite iopestee necessity of 2 dict ip. At Barcelona the airis fall of combustible matter, which wants but a spark to produce ignition. So far, it is eaid, from the inter- view which has just taken iron rule of with the Emperor the panorama where are the crown jewels, the the bondage of tis pees tho eatoting desire’ At? | with one of the Spanish mluiatry, having for Wab- | Sevres poreclaln, the ric looms of ‘and A0- litical freedom, the conviction of the instability of } i¢ct soldiers for the Crimea from Spain, itis rather | busson. Emerging from this orgenne scene, he Se present form of government, are aaid to be too | believed thet Freneh soldiers may be threads biaway secongh a forest jianos, musical oppressive motives even for the artificial stimulus | Spain to support the existing goverument, and instruments of all sorts, rich meubles gorgeous ta- to labor by the various loans which, through: | this possible coutingency has occasioned the confer- peer, s08 innumerable other objects, into a eut all the towne of France, are now being raised. ence which has excited so much curiosity. It would | leading to the Palals de I'Ind On each side of It is cingular that machinations of this sort should | b¢ curious if in addition to the capitals of Rome, | him rise collossal organs, cabinets in buhl and mar- be making head in the eame manner, now that the | Constantinople, Athens and the Crimea,a French | quetrie, till at last another iron fountain dashing Brglish sovereign is expected to visit Paris, aa when | ®°¥*ison should find ite way to Madrid; aud yet we | forth its cascades of water, introduces him into the nave of the principal building, where he moy give himeeli time to repose. An intenre high preesure haa been kept up on ac- count of the approaching visit of the Queen of land, but it is evough to take one’s breath away think of the money that is poured ont with such meagre prospect of return, and upon subjects of a character 80 epee. Yt is calenlated that the mere unloading of the Exhibition is to geoupy two months, and the demolition of the subsidiary build- ings at least four. ? Berrie. Pants, Angast 2, 1855. Wapoleon was about to visit London. One does not hear that Queen Victoria is intended any harm, but there would certainly seem to be a desire, by strik- ing down at her feet the ally on whom so much de- py! to show her the broken reed on which she in the great events now developing themselves; and it is not easy to imagine a more terrible edy than that of the success of auy miscreant h: on such an occasion. The police, however, are on the alert he and day. But the very whisper of such a catastrophe, or the threat of such, at a moment when eventa in the Kast are all on the hitch—when Austria and Prussia are strongly suspected of raising a league of neutrals against the Western policy—when Rassia is everwhelming French prisoners with civilities, and her agents are active everywhere, sow- ing distrust and dissatisfaction broadcast— when people's minds are wound up to the last strain- ing point of suspicion, that there ia, spite of this trompet blowing about national loans, rottenness in the state of Denmark—grates harshly on the ear ands’ sounds like a craven croak, ominous of ill, which enly requires the bona fide departure of MM. de ny and de Hubner from Vienva and Paris, because aj] was to open their eyes. Passages such as these from M.de Mantenffel’s despetch to Count d’Ameim, the Prussian am)aesa- @or at Vienna, dated June 17, and jast now published in the Weser Gazette, sound oddly:— “T beg your Excellency to express to Couns Buol tthe Austrian Minister,) our gratitude for the com- munication of these interesting documents which con- tribute to throw light on the general state of affairs. ** The King fully appreciates the firmness with which the Imperial Cabinet lays down, as cece the practical efficacy of the treaty of the 2d of De- eember, the limits which completely corres; to his own interpretation of the tour points, His Ma- sesty recognizes in this not only an essential analogy wih the point of view which he hasatways mnin- tained relative to the treaty of April, and its addi- Yonal article, but he sces in it also some advance in the path towards reconciling the contradiction which Austria points out between her position based on ‘the treaty of the 2d of December, and that of Prus- sia and the Germanic contederation. * * * Prussia and Gernapy have not the less sufficiently Rove that they are disposed, as become co-federated en, to take into account the particalar in- terests of Austria and the European obligations which che has contracted, and we doubt not that this sentiment will also manifest iteclf in the new ys into which, if we are not mistaken, the ern question is on the point of entering.” ‘The Spanish Ministry are about making alterations im the custom's tariff. “Flour from American corn is ‘to be increased in duty at the Havanna. Rachel does not stay to play before the Queen, but ig in England en roude for America. Her costumes have all been specially re-arranged by M. Dausset, eostame maker to the Theatre Francais, but who, after finishing his commission, refused to give the back without a Payee ofa epevaaaly dis- et bill of 800 france, which the President of the Tribunal has compelled the great tra; ne to @eporit. Messrs. Marshall, Barry and Bates, thea- trical managers from the United States, are here, predicting Rachel’s failure in Am » while at the same time they are busily employed in gathering pag from the Parisian store for their own spe- en There has been quite an earthquake experienced throughout the East of France, causing some sight damage, emong other places, at Lyons. J enclozea detailed account. ‘The arrivals of Americans increase daily. numbcr all other foreigners in Paris, in the tion of 8 to 1. Beurie, Parts, Angust 1, 1855. The Paris Exhibition—Ita Effects upon Manu facturing Competition between England and France—-Fmprovement in French Cutlery--The Exhibition in Ita Complete State—Its General Coup D’Gil—Its Detaile--The Exhibition of Ccreals—Transatlantic Industry--Models of Great Public Works in Canada, §c. The number of visiters was on Sunday 108,131, of whom 91,074 entered the Palace of Industry, and 17,057 the Fine Arts. Not more than 736 persons precented themeelves as brought to Paris by the newly instituted exhibition trains. This famous depot of art, original invention and industry has now exactly three months to run before its closing, which, it is understood, will take place nominally on the 31st of October, though, asa Mazaar, it is believed it will be still open to the public till the termination of the year 1855. It may be that this jsareason why, comparatively speaking, so little business of a commercial character has as yet sprung out of it. With the exception of the Manchester and Canada departments, 1 have not heard of any orders of importance. The extraordinary cheap prices of the former, as compared with the French, bas excited an interest quite unique, and silks, car pets, cloths, and cotton for the miltion, instead of, aa in France, for the few, offer suggestions to the French negotiant the fruitfal result of which will probably be seen ere long on this side the Channel. Nothing more astonishes these persons than the Manchester alpaca. Admit it into France, said a French fabricant, with a duty of fifty per cent, and { will answer for it every mill in France will be shut up in six months, On the other hand, the cutlery of France, which was always pronounced to be 80 inferior to the English, has no less astonished the Sheffield and Birming- ham manufacturer. Nothing can be more beantifal than the temper, workmanship and desigu of the apecimens furnished by France on this occasion, and it is quite possible many invalnable leasons of tradal reciprocity, of vast political importance, may be imparted by this exhibition to both countries. An Industrial Congress cannot perform a more legiti- mate office than that of rectifying great national exrors which fling impediments in the way of the comfort and happiness of industrious millions. The Exhibition, although still the hand of im- provement is perpetually at work, may now fairly be considered as finished; and though the more fre- quently it is visited and inspected, the more aston- ished one becomes at its prodigions accumulation of industrial marvels, and the less surprised at its original difficulties, still it is a fact that cannot be gainsayed that it docs not attract the multitude in anything like the ratio of its merits and general mognificence. It is an oasis in the desert which few care to turn from their path to visit; it is a palace such a8 the most powerful potentates never dreamed of creating; and yet the masses hold it dear at a piece of silver of the value of twenty sous—it is an agglo- meration of riches teeming with fabulous fertility—of inetruction to the wisest as to the most simple—of the- atrical grandeur, surpassing all the glories of spec- tacle; and yet few care to cross its threshhold at a higher price’ than four sous. The consequence is, that an air of inexpressible melancholy broods fire in times when nothing ought to be gees propor. —Contemplated Removal of Gen. Pelissier. tune, with only a less sonorous note. immense. —more than three times the original figure. the first amount. has given iteelf.” second empire has inaugurated :— Messieurs, moasieurs, bonne nouvelle, Le carrosse de Law est reduit en cannelle ! Pants, July 31, 1855. Detaile of the New Loan—The Government Co quetting with the Democracy— Le Peuple Se Couronne”— Queen Victoria's Visit to the French Capital—A Dictatorship likely to be Established in Spain—Americans in Paris, §¢., §c. ‘The opportunity which an additional mai) affurds me enable me to give your readers the precise de- tails, as far as the government can collect them at precent, of the national loan, the subscription to on Icarning what the popular to overtnrn more important things than carriages. tery of Pere In vault for the Rothschild family i i i hospice founded by the house of which clored yesterday. like a nightmare over those motionless ban- | the old men of the Th bs yf a “f h vill have | Bers which in rainbow variety hang from the roof | Rothschild, and the Prato children from the school ree hundred and ten thousand persons will have | sya yatle. ‘The ventilation is sometimes mut of the | Which¢he family supports, At the tomb the Presi- thared in the subscription. best, aud the exposants hang about their vitrines or | Gut of the Israel consistory delivered an ad- The sum subscribed will be about three muilliards ®it tundred millions. The eubscriptions of filty francs and under, de- elared not reducible, will amount to 230 or 235 * millions. The subscriptions of sixty francs and over, liovle %o redactions, will be about three milliards three !an- dred and sixty millions. The departments will have furnished abont 239 thousand subscribers, and more than a milliard of eapital. The foreign subscriptions coming from dif- ferent countries of Etrope—England, Holland, Ger- many, Belgium, Switzerland, &e—exceed six mil- Hions. “Such results,” exclaims M. Magne, in his letter glass pavilions, with a look of ennui which not even the sight of their splendid or emteptiy ‘wares can prevent the fatigued visiter from imbibing. I say fatigued, for whether it be the vibration of the floor, the heavy etone escalier he has to mount, the immence surface to traveree, the stillness, the mono- tony o? grandeur, the heat, the plaintive notes of some solitary instrament stealthily waking the echoes, 1 know not; but before the visiter has been there av hour, be is generally dead beat. Ona Fri- day the band of the Cent Garde is placed in the en, immediately before the refectoire, thoagh even this does not seduce the curious iuto paying the aristocratic charge of five francs. The anneze hag by far the most life about it, and by its skilful arrangement and classification, its practical character, its interesting objects ranging through the whole field of textual, mineral and me- chanical labor, is the most wonderful musenm ever ceased, Britannic dence. The upon himeelf, that in loyed somewhere or other for the oc joulevard de l'Imy pgp vi oti sailles resembles a very ant’s hill of indus' to the Emperor, “need no comment.” The advan- | Witnessed. Among all the countries whose productions Hotel de Ville literall - é . e erally groans under the frequent in- tages offered to the poople were less on this { Mtr sctattention in this balding, nove, saad 0 pro cisions made in ite walla; M. Hanseman, the Prefect minent as Canada; and one is tempted to regret that the United States should, in a department so peculi- orly ite own as is that of Canada, be so completely in the shade. The Canadian court occupies some 8,000 square feet of space, and i partly incinded between two sets of vitrin:s placed handsomely to the longi- tudinal oxis of the annere. By the admirable taste and ingenuity of the curator, Mr. Perry, a trophy— a sort of tower, reaching to the roof, composed of different ies of wood—has becu erected, which immediately fixes the visiter’s eye. it has within a winding staircase, which enables him not only to in- spect each specimen minutely in detail, but to grati- fy his curiosity with asuperb coup d’el of the whole length of the anneze, more than a mile long. The wood consists of sixty-five varieties, of which twen- ty-even are of commercial yalue. The display of cereals is good, with only this de- fect—that an exhibition of grain in the straw has been omitted ; but the specimens are without a ri- val, if we except those exhibited in the English de- partment. Oue exhibitor, Mr. Sheppard, we think, of Montreal. sends, also, one hundred varieties of gorden and flower seeds. Since Professor Owen's remark, in 1851, concerning certain facilities in the manufacture of isinglass, some most successfal efforts appear to have been made in Canada, judgin; hy the specimens exhibited. Of oils, there are rat ie ol and cod, and others celebrated for their medicinal qualities. Raw materials were expected, Wut Canada has taken the French by surprise in some of her manufactures, Here are heavy edge tools superior to auch as can be produced in Kurope, and which I presume the United Statés alone conld rival. France certainly has nothing to « with them. Mr. Date, of Gal , and Mr. n Montreal, seem to exhibit the best specim: way of tools.’ The carriages shown, whic éccarion than on the two former; and for all of the Seine, is determined that, 310,000 subscribers have offered nearly ive times the amount the government asked, and about $50,000,000 francs will have to be returned to the subscribers. The deposits alone of one-tenth, amount to 360 millions, and during the operation the fands instead of falling, as is usual in such cases, rose from G6fr. 0c. to GEfr. BOC. The Constiiutionne! of this morning states that about two milliards and a haif would probably be the sum, but the official journal confirms the infor mation I was able to give you in a recent letter that it would exceed three milliards. The Emperor and Empress, as if to enjoy the éclat of the announcement, arrived last night from Biarritz, and the Parisians, who began to exhibit some discontent at being deprived of their caste- mary fite on the 15th of August, are assured that notwithstanding the disposal of the funds for the wenefit of the widows and orphans of the aray, ‘other funds shall be provided, that they may not be altogether in want of their usual lamplighting; and M. Gronnier de Capagnac, the writer tuat is ‘always hed recourse to when delicate matters ‘are to be handled, has this morning been writing a flattering commentary ou Prince Na- Prleon’s late republican speech at the Palais de Industrie, an extract from which I recently gave you, in which the people are reminded how literally and truly, in choosing for their government the Ni- poleon dynasty, they have, as Prince Napoleon’ anid, “crowned themsel for that as the elder Bona- eater, them a government neither of Rnglish nor of any foreign extraction but one purely French, based on the national will, and having the eople, and the pecple only, for ita support, sothe elder and younger branch of the Bourboos failed from sim oly representing # porty aud endeavoring to innoculate on the French character institutions to which it was natnrally alien—that in the prosent representative of the house of Bonaparte they had paternal govern- ment without wenkness; religions o} Without superstition; and the way of dign and fortune was open to the poorest and 1 the land ; yea, le peuple se couronne. There seems to he little doubt that the specch of Prince Napoleon, aa well as these artieles in the Conatitutionne!, an object more remote than meets the and refer to that state of uneasiness among the working classes to which I have lately made allusions. Nothing farther has transpired in relation to the ar- rest of the five and thirty conspirators I mentioned Yesterday, aud it would not he wurprising if the ent should endeavor, on aeconnt of the Ya visit,to havh the matter np. The surface must be kept fair in preseuce of the modern Queen of Sheba, coming to hear the wisdon and behold the greatness of Solomon, even though rotten bones and all uncleannese lurk beneath. A triomphal arch is being erected on the Boule vard de Strasburg, ander which her Majesty will make her entry. The streeta will be lined with the National Guard of Paris. Beopere are to be hnng thorough “ gutting” is ceremony—may prove hereafter matter of deep his- torical interest, and eventa press so rapidly one upon another, and changes are so volcanic in this electric age, that we know not how soon we may have to re- fer to these prospective Ui as Tights to guide ‘us in the interpretation of much that is at present obscure and mysterious. Prince Napoleon, accompanied by several of the foreign commissioners, has commenced a series of visits which he proposes to make in succession to the different parts of the Exhibition. The members of the Society of Arts willalways attend from the 3d of August till the 15th, for the purpose of rendering explanstion. Thirty-two large orange trees, brought by water from Fontainebleau, have been conveyed to the Exhibition palace to ornament the entrance and other parts of the building. Sunday is no longer to be a four sous day; so many wealthy people availed themselves of the privilege. that the working classes, for whom it was specially intended, could not secure free access to the subjects they most desired to inspect. The arrangement is to he henceforth:— Monday, 20c. Tuesday, Wednesday, Thurada: Saturday and Sunday, 1 fr. 20c, Friday, 2 tr., us of the American specimens, are models of that | Stead of 6 fr. ot Epecies of light construction. Prince Napoleon has | _ Reports are everywhere rife that General Pelissier shenay mrchased one of the two exhibiied, made | Will be removed, ¢ Emperor ie convinced that he by Mr. Ledue of Montreal. The harness and sad. | is Not the man for the occasion. It is one of the ates, although dear as compared with those of Ans | evils of the times that political events have, in fact, in black Captiva France of the services of all her best Gene- . | vals, when, except that the war is not on her own . { borders, she never more required them. A private letter from an officer on board the Exmonth, the fiag ship of Admiral Seymour, assures me that no tria, are very good. The furniture, to walnnt, is much admired, from the brillianey of jo: lish the wood admits. Mr. George Pe wen the ce Son gag dency the first prize at the Exbibition in London, a competitor: In this class the competition is great, | doubt is felt in the fleet that they are about to have and the firet prize will not be won without u tussle, | “® Pop at Revel.” Admiral Seymour was still so There ix also n model of the gigantic Victoria | {er eutlering from the wound in his eve, that he was bridge, in the tubes of which railway trains nro to obliged to have it constantly bandaged, and care cross the St, Lawrence at Montreal a distance of | fally keep out of sunshine, Berrie. WO iniles; also, models of the St. Lawrence canals, ss SShiaiares There are Tndian curiosities, too, India rabber shoes Se ee se VigNNa, July 30, 1965. excellent Canada biscuits, pickles, bear hama, &c. ‘ntente liale between Austria and Prussia— ‘Tue assiduity of Mr. Logan has furnished from the it irecti i Prevince some capital specimens of minerals, This rire st thay cd “ipaent 4 Nae geting , Who is official geologist as wellas com. | Proremente—The Croton Domains in Hungary to be Sold—Extension of Railway Communication— Developement of Austrian Commerce—The War missioner to Paris, has exerted himself unremitting ly to set Canada off to the best advantage, and, as- in Asia— Difficulties in Montenegro—A Regular Bashaw— Espionage in Austria— Wholesale Ar- sisted by Mr. Pe has certainly h ont » by reid nly been most sue: cessful. fre made that the other paid commissioner is mach mbre intent on his individual pursaits than the interests of his Province. ‘The despatches which have passed between Aus- show the interest that would have been given to the productions of the United States, had Citcametances | tria and Prussia have led to no great result, though permitted them to take their legitimate plage at the } oth parties seezy to thing the conclugiga to be very r T have dwelt thus long upon Canada, only to Silence of the Legitimist Press on the Results of the New Loan—Ita Success Attributable Less to Po- litical Confidence than to the Spitt of Spccula- tion—Funeral of Baron Solomon de Rothschild— Preparations for the Reception of Queen Victoria Neither the Débats, the Assemblée Nutionale, the Sidcle, nor the Univers, utter a single comment on the results of the national loan. The Moniteur del’ Armée deduces from it that the people are de- lighted with the policy of the war, and the semi- official Constitutionnel and Pays chime to the same ‘The crowing over M. Lon Faucher, who had pre- dicted after the first experiment that if capitalists were called upon anew they would be more shy— more backward, as we say, in coming forward—ia The number of subscribers, it is tri. umphantly shown, was 98,000 for the first loan, and 180,000 for the second, and for the third 310,000 The amount subscribed was 468 millions for the first, more than 2,000 millions for the second, and nearly 4,000 millions for the third—almost ten times “On the whole,” says the Constitutionnel, reciprocating these remarks of the Pays, “ the figure of the sum subscribed, the number of subscribers, the affiuence of capitalists, and of capi- talists of every order and from every quarter, the reJative condition of the loan placed in view of the great results obtained, the rise which has saluted the emiasion—all this makes of the new operation an extraordinary manifestation, an event witho t example, which will be profoundly marked in finan- cial annals, and will inform the world of the inex+ haustible riches of France, and at the same time of the confidence of the people in the government it It must be admitted, however astonishing the suc- cess which has attended the experiment, that the opinion of society, be it of whatever clase, does not accord with that of the semiofficial orgaus. The demon of speculation is as rampant as in 1720, when Geerge Law managed the financial affairs of France; and it is predicted that the same demon will be equally rampant on the first check, in denouncing the discoverers of that short road to riches which the —Was formerly the delighted exclamation of the first President of Messina to the French parliament, fury had done to their quondam idol, and since 1720 the people have learnt The funeral of Baron Solomon de Rothehild took place on iMag morning, in the part of the ceme- Shaise appropriated for the inter. ment of persons of the Jewish ra and where a been erected. ‘The body was followed to the grave by a number of ministers, diplomatists, bankers, the consuls of dif- ferent nations, and other persons of note, and also by dress, in which he pointed out the virtues of the de- ‘The Emperor and Empress will take up their resi- dence at the Chateau de Villeneuve I'Etang, while awaiting the arrival of the Queen of Kugland. The alace of St. Cloud is, in fact, undergoing such ex- nsive repairs and decorations in order to receive her jesty, as to be unfit for the imperial resi- ror is determined, as faras depends lendor at least, this great historic event ghall be shorn of none of its fair pro- portions. Night and day workmen are busily ~ m. The ico—that creation of yester- day—through which the British Queen will pass on her way to St. Cloud, bas 1,500 workmen incessantly employed upon it, removing carth, levelling embank- ments, and condensing the newly laid gravel. Trium- hal arches are springing up all along the P é. ry. The that the Queen’s visit to it shall be the most gorgeous day of its existence. As for the Tuileries, it is little more than two years ago since it employed for six months a thousand workmen day and night in painting, gilding, var- nishing, carpeting and hanging its vencrable walls, but the hospitality of its present imperial occupant has already dimmed the lustre of their labor, and a ently going on. From peculiar opportunities I shall have, I hope to send your readers a minute account of what is passing from day to day in this modern field of the cloth of gold. Everything—-however trifling the satisfactory. Prussia accepts the four poiats of guarantee, but reserves hér definition of the third and fourth until a later period. She also acknow- ledges the efforts of Austria in behalf of a peacea- ble solution of the question, and considers it expedi- ent that the confederate army should remain ona footing of war. 4 Austria being decided, for the present at least, to take no active part in the war, is turning her atten- tion as energetically as possible to the improvement of her internal organization. It is generally report- ed that the State property in Hungary is to be sold, almost immediately, and indeed it is snid that several very advantageous offers have already been received from capitalists in Belgium and France. Mesnwhile a great improvement will shortly take place in her means of railway communication, The direct road to Cracow will shortly be available, aud before two years have expired itis generally believed thatthe line will he completed to Trieste, an event which will. probably tend greatly towards diverting from the north to the couth the channel for various kinds of foreign commodities. At present goods are conveyed from the north even as far as Istyria and Myria. It is likely that Austria will shortly enter upon @ new commercial era, especially if the contemplated lines of communication are completed. Her port of Trieste will, under such circumstances, be admirably situated for the purposes of traffic, and the communication being open with the heart of the empire, it is likely that corresponding resulta will ensue. : The operations of the Allies before Sebastopol are chiefly confined to the fortification of their posi- tions, and making preparations for reshipping a great part of their forces to Varna, should they not be successful in their next attempt upon the Russian stronghold. The Russian army is much stronger than before, as 1a reinforcemenis have been re- ceived, and the tance they will make will doubt- less be of the most obstinate description. Immediately intelligence was received in the Crimea that Kars was invested, a council of war was held by the generals of the allied armies, and the decision at which they arrived was forward- ed forthwith to the Porte. « 30,000 men are to be col- lected at Batoum and _ elsewhere, and to com- mence operations os speedily as possible against the invading Russian army. It is certain, however, that such an army cannot be brought to a state of effi- ciency before the expiration of five or six weeks, and it is by no means certain whether the garrison of the bel aes fortress will be enabled to hold out 60 long. It is generally said that the strongholds of the Hosp hana are to be given over to the French and pag sh armies, as great fears are entertained Jest the Russians ghould, ee arapidadvance, threaten Constantinople from the Ariatic side. According to the last advices, General Nurravieff, a man of great military fame in the Roscian army, is making pre- parations for a seige of Exzeroum, the garrison of which place has been reinforced by 20,000 Bashi-Ba- gouks. 14,000 Russians are in ition on the high road leading from that city to Kers, and threaten an immediate advance. Letters from Monteuegro inform us that matters are not likely to paver 80 smoothly as was ex. ted in regard to the new Turkish Pasha who as lately arrived at Scutari. A deputation of Christians waited uy him @ short time ago, as well to congratulate him upon his arrival as to pe fer certain petitions which they hoped might be granted. The venerable old gentleman received his visiters in anything beta courteous manner, a1 told them to be careful in regard to their behavi.., and apresen their complaints in case of need to two individuals whom he pvinted out: as destined to act the part of xrbiters. These two individoals, who, like the Pasha himself, are worship of Allah and believers in the Prophet, dre better known for their total disregard of every kind of law, both mo- ral and civil, than for any other quality they possess. They share that independence which peculiarly be- longs to the possessors of harems and the inheritors of Houris—-an independence which is very little prone to give way to any individual whatever. Such is stated tobe the character of the two Turkish gen- tlemen who have been appointed by the Pasha to act as umpires in all disputes, and the prospect is certainly anything but agreeable for the unlucky Christians whom it,concerns. ‘The Emperor has issued an order of the day rela- tive to changes about to be introduced in the system of persiong to be awarded to officers’ who have become incapacitated for service. The order is accompanied with very flattering expressions. In consequence of the reat of dissatisfaction which has prevailed respecting the proceasion which took place on Sunday in celebration of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, several handred per- eons have been placed under arrest. Au unwary expression is sufficient in Austria to cause the im- prisoumert of the speaker, who may be incarcerated without even knowing his offence, or the name of the accuser who charges him. The system of espi- onage pervades all classes of society, and the cafes are infested with on of all descriptions, who are constantly paid by the police. An unguarded word is caught up on the instant, and immediately re- po to the authorities, who condemn the anfortu- nate culprit to prison for a longer or shorter period. This proceeding is certainly a summary ono, and doubtless favors greatly the interests of an arbitrary and abeolute government, but cannot be considered as tending Ereaily to the real moral improvement of the people. The market at Tries during the past week has shown but little activity. Sugar somewhat higher. Corn maintained ite price. Spirits flag. Oil rather more active. Our Berlin Correspondence. Brau, July 31, 1355. the Latter—Precarious Health of Fredervck Wil- liam— Probable Modification of the Present Poli- cy of Prussia in Case of his Death-—Financial Position of the Prussian Government—The New Berlin Fire Department-—Comnpliment to Ameri- can Savans, §c, The late diplomatic duel, or interchange of “notes” between the Austrian and Prussian governments, has turned out decidedly to the advantage of the latter. Prueaia has carried her point as to the reso- lutions to be passed by the German Diet, and Aus- tria, abandoning her attempt to induce that bod. y to express its formal approbation of her conduct in the whole of the Oriental affair, and, as a natural conse- quence, to defray a share of the expenses arising from the same—for, in spite of the coloring given by the hired scribes of the court of Vienna, such 4 proposal would certainly have been made if Prussia had shown the least inclination to “listen to the voice of the charmer” — Austria, I say, is obliged to rest ratisfied with an empty vote of thayks for her “zeaJons endeavors in the cause of peace,” in which any engagement to agsist her in carrying out these “endeavors,” or to forward the views adopted by her, is cautiously avoided. It is easy to imagine the malicious chuckle of Baron Bismark, the Prus- sian envoy at lrankfort, who is notorious for his bit- ter enmity to Austria, while proposing this vote of thanks, and the crest-fallen air of Gen. Prokesch, that Austrian miles gloriosus, who, after boasting 80 londly of the evergy and the warlike spirit of his government, has to swallow the ironical eulogiums bestowed on its meckness and placability. In Baron Mantenffel’s despatches, too, the consciousness of triumph is visible through all the polite platitudes of diplomacy; he appears to treat the Austrians like repentaut sinners who have seen the error of the ways, aud return with a “pater peceavi” to the rig! path. Jn fact, the unutterably mean and cowardiy behavior of the “chivalrous Emperor” has, fox the preeent, entirely deprived Austria of that predomi- nance in Germany which they had enjoyed since the conference of Olmatz, and she is now suffering the penaities of unsuccessful trickery and perfidionsness, while Prussia has been tuived to a position and an influence in the councils of Germany which she owes Jess to the shrewdnees of her own policy than to the discomfitnre of her rival. It would savor of flattery, indeed, to ascribe any superhuman foresightedness or prudence to the cabinet of Berlin; on the con- trary, they have often betrayed unmistakeable symp, toms of vacillation and uncertainty of purpose; bat on the whole, whatever may be thought of the line of policy chalked out by thom, it must he ac- knowledged that they have adhered to it with toler- able firmness under very adverse circumstances; and if they have not thrown the weight of Prussia into the scale of liberty and civilization, they have, at least, not wasted the strength of the country and exhausted its resources in idi¢ demonstrations. Thus, while Austria is compelled by financia) dim- culties to reduce her armaments, and to declare her- self vanquished without having fired a shot, Prussta finds herself able, at a comparatively trifing ex- pense, to maintain a strong force in a high state of Austrian and Prussian Diplomacy—Triumph of diecipline, and ready to take the field at a moment's notice. No wonder, therefore, that the small fry of German princes, who love peace and quietness above all things, and only fol owed fn the wake of Austria as long as that Power overawed them by Seaver cameo ents g w er, transfer their allegiance to a. protector who com Lowag See teas wes fewer pretensions, and who, instead of drag; em, sorely against their will, a baer eae whieh oe a derive no persoual advantage, secures em the enjoyment of that neutrality which is the o! of enjoyment ardent aspirations, but which they have no means of asserting against the importuuities of their more powerful neighbors. It is not impossible, however, that the policy of Prussia mey experience some modification, if an event should take pine which hes been talked of here pretty freely for the last two or three weeks, ‘The King’s health has been very much shaken of late. The death of his brother-in-fow, the late Em- peror Nicholas, had a great effect upon his mind, and perhaps laid the germs of a low fever, which he had been suffering vome time before the public were made acquainted with his illness, He ‘was generally reported to be in a very alarming state, and, ag usual in such cases, you heard people declare that his chief physician, Dr. Schoeuleia, had told them in confidence, (you know there are some persona to whom the profoundest, secret# are always told “ in ecnfidence,” and who show how deserving ibey are of such conedence by divulging them un- masked to the pee ven), that he had no hopes of savipg his ajeaty's life, und that, in a word, not many days would pass before Vrederick William the Fourth was gathered to his fathers. In spite of these prognortics, and the jive yet mysterious air with which they were ut! ) ie has bapa PP covered to take a journey to Silesia, where is drinking some mineral waters, which, to use the hraseology of the court newsmen, have prodaced The most beneficial effect upon the “ highest of alb healths,” (Allerhéchste Gesundheit, vernacular Ger- man). Nevertheless, it cam scarcely be doubted that his constitution bas sustained a severe shock, and if 1 am not misinformed, there are symptoms that his present disease will turn to dropsy in the chest, which, to judge from his appearace, he is natarally inclined to, However, there does not seem to be any immediate danger, and at any rate it is prema- ture to speculate upon the consequences likely to arice from the accession of the Prince of Prussia to the throne. The latter having chosen such a mo- ment for a vist to the court of St. Petersburg, is, in my opinion, a sufficient proof that there would be little edtaration in the system of foreign policy, al- though, of course, the official and semtofficial news- apers are instrncted to assure us that the Prince’s Journey hag no political object whatever, but is only occasioned by the ardent desire of his sister, the Dowager Empress, to see her “ beloved brother” again after her late bereavement. At home there would probably be some changes, but mostly of a personal nature, and any one acquainted with the character and antecedents of the Prince of Prassia will pronounce the hopes of swee) ping. reforms, enter- tained in some circles, to be perfectly Utopian. In a former communication I gave some particu- lane of the new taxes imposed by fovernmens to pro- vide for the interest of a loan of thirty millions, con- tracted for the purpose of Heeping ite Prussian army on a respectable footing. In berlin, too, the locai taxation has to keep pace with the additional expense falling onthe city, and besides a duty on poultry (butcher's meat, game and venison being taxed’ already) and on fuel of every description, which is to come into operation next year, the City Council have raised the tax upon house rent by about one-third (from 6? to 9 per cent en the amonit of the rent). Although the number of inhabitants has kept Wad gp again for the last five years, (it had decre: in ’48), and every new settler is called upon to pay a contribution of thirty or forty thalers for being made fice of the city, which produces a pretty sum of money; yet the income does not come up to the expenditure, anda considcrable deficit is the consequence. The reasons stated by the civic an- thorities to account for this unwelcome fact are the additional charges incurred by the augmentation of the police force, and expenses attending the same, which were formerly defrayed by government, andthe heavy outlay occasioned by the improved fire de- ntment. ‘This may properly be called a new es lishment, originally on the plan of the corps of Pompiers in Paris, but with considerable improve- menta, of which I will give youa short account. The building occupied by the fire department is situated in the centre of the city, where a it, number of practised firemen are quartered, and where fire evgines, hérees, carriages with water tubs, and omnibuses are in constant readiness to convey the requisite personnel along with the engines, to the spot where the fire has broken out. Electric wiresare laid under ground from all the police stations inthe @ifferent parts of the city, communicating with this catablithment and the chief police office, so that as soon as the telegraphic message ia received, the en- gies and men stuit off, and are conveyed at full ne tothe scene of the conilagration, A great iculty has arisen hitherto from the scarcity of water, which had to be procured from the pumps in the streets; but in future Bertin will be supplied by @ water company, established in London upon sbares, who are building waterworks aud reservoirs here upon the same peneinle as in London. The water will be brought from a iake about five miles from the city limits, communicating with the river Spree, and the “pipe-laying,” which has been carried on with the utmost activity for the last twelve months, is now nearly completed. When the water- works are finished, they will have their plugs in every street, and it will ‘then be always easy to ob- tain a plentiful supply of the element in case of fire. Sir Charles Fox and Mr. Crampton, the mauagers of the London company, who were over iu the seing, expressed themselves Geil gratified with the working of the newly established fire department, which went throngh a series of highly interesting Manouvres in their presence, and it isa fact that not a single fire of any consequence has occurred since this institution has got under way, as the fire- men have invariably succceded in checking it before it had time to eprend. Two (abs too American savans — James Dana, of New Haven, Conn., aid Asa Gray, of Cam- bridge, Mase.—have just been elected correspouding members of the physico-mathematical class of the Royal Academy of this capital. The botauical works of Professor Gray, particularly his “Flora of North America” and his ‘Genera Boreali Americana Mlustrata,” are held in high estituation in the scien- Vic circles of Gepgany, A.B. Bexxry, Uxrer Dew Linopy, July 25, 1855. Lewets from the’ Note Book of a Literary Cosmo- polite—His Musings and Moralizings—Enlarg- ing Influences of Travel—Hamburg—Ite First Impressions—Altona-—Bivth Place of Klopstock— His Berlin Associates—German Literature, &c. You are entitled, by this time, to a letter from Reixender, who travels the world over, not for plea- sure, nor bealth, nor traffic, but for that Jess popular motive, which strives to stady man and nature ander new and different phases; to ascertain what mankind, under vastly differing circumstances, have learned and wrought, thereby teaching himself and possibly others, through the diversified wisdom and ways of the human race. Though all the principles and passions by which the world is swayed euter into the history of a ucighborhood, and an indivi- dual, even, we still eee the world but microscopically, and in miniature, from a fixed locality in the town, ‘and not in those great and commanding demonstra- tions which the many nations and cultures of the earth exhibit to the reflective observer. The world was made wide, “that we might travel in it,” as a line of Goethe somewhere intimates. Then, you know that particular localities do, in the course of Tong time, generate a measure of narrowness and social hondage; little prejudices and bigotries get a foothold, whilst travel, by the diversified and ex- tended connexions it affords with mankind, tends always to liberalize and to emaucipate. It is not certain that where mankind have lived the longest they have learned the most, for there are mouths and days which sometimes concentrate the instructions of centuries, Yet the presnmption is never against the longest experience; and wheth- er we of the New World, are wiser or better than the inhabitants of the Old, ia.a problem I seek not torolve. If in advance of them, as in many things we undoubtedly are, we probably became 80 by the help of those lessons evolved from the experiences of the connected eras of Asia and of Europe, as there is no greatness or destiny under the sun en- tirely independent of ite ancestral instructions and wornings; and as both worlds, old and new, are pa- ternally and filially related, and that in more and deeper senses than the mere genealogist of families and races would be likely to notice, would it not be well for the national egotisms to humble themselves ander the consclonsness of the very strong and near relations that bind together the whole world? Is the wealth of the wide world 60 small and so nar- row that one race or nation can exhibit it all? This is not, and never should be, the traveller's creed. He is a citizen of the world, and exercises a world- wide faith in the worth of human natare which, in every climate and region of the earth makes its own peculiar expression. The Chinese is forever kept at home by his national egotiam, or if he braves the danger of losing caste, by going abroad, thereby implying that bis own cov ntry possesses not all the ioe excellencies of the world, he does it only to meerens tanked Ey ide local culture— ; lishman, (mi all proper exce freely and critically tito fore); Sel bat ben his book is written, it is not unfi that he country, world and uni the Island has furnished him. The traveller at all posseseed of the wisdom and spirit of his call- ing, bas a wider reverence and a broader int the least humiliation to America’s , the concession, that in philospphy ja sclene, poetry, in the fine arta gercrally, ype is not ae elder in » but in actual attainment. The is east ake wuaert, ioskingbopefally wrwant student, ing hopeful to the tine of faking his degree, which is every day drawing nearer. I know that there is a Birinticg in some . minds against the position of the traveller. They would root each men and woman of the world into the ground, as fixediy asa foreat of trees; and all going trom to place, except where money ia ) be made ae expedition, comneG En the head 1G} ir narrow ON. Rpeleean a: 6 coramen. ny, om, ely both wiser cud ee alway 5 to have staid in Mg | sia. Nature, we are glad to know, is nota bigoted teacher; and, speaking in the child, the woman and the man, when unmastered by Mammon, it ur occasional departure from fix of local positions Who ever knew the youngling to repress his jo: when he saw around htra the of ing abroade which, though it be but a five » is bs age—a journey? Woman, though fond of home as a queen of her empire, is a ae generally happy in the act of going abroad; I trast that the very many ful and sweet singing birds that ore ad- dicted to the Scone bad habit of changing lo- cations every , Will not lose their good jing @ fair trial. Tell | E among us, Without first havi! Mr. Belial Fact that vatare wor peobebly beincom- plete without its fucus natans, or its sea, hich Pais know, and deve chiefly in tate of itinerancy (within certain its) in the waters of the sea; ‘nor does the naturalist know any difference | between the goodness of these and Timothy, who bravely holds on to his clod in the meadow. | The planeta, solar system, and “the fixed stars,” are in reality an endless ‘diversity ‘of unceasing voyagers— they are travellers all. Having thas pb the traveller's calling by “ auatractions,? which, of course, owe nothing to Germany, I would gladly come to facts of observation and to facta of my | way. Skipping over the oceanic distance that was over come between the 10th of June and the 7th of Jaly, by sea vovaging, I will write you as alandaman, which, in |, 1 am, and ever wish to be. I-hold it Ha cae and firmly, that sea sickness should never be described nor alluded to, except in haste; and henceforth Cato, the veserable old stoic, shall not ‘be abuced without a geod defence, for having put among the three great regreta of his life, that he ever went by water when he might have gone by land. His other two, namely—that he ever passed an idle day, and that he ever told his wife a secret— may go only for what they are worth. Allow me tosay, however, that not a few attraactive phenomena were eee by the eea, and that the oe ea the | w ibe to Hamburg, a distance of some eight, ht English miles from the North Sea, was, in jaxuri- Oy month eb deme fraught with some of the loveli- | est pros} city of barra Med the destination of the Germania, at which p! I took lodgings at one of the hotels, on Yurgfernstieg street, which, an Ame- rican would a8 ‘the Broadway of Hamburg; avd thongh not well daring the twoor pei I passed | in that town, I was enabled to learn nmeneral characteristics. Hamburg, though the bi and former residence of some Peer mel the | poet Hagedorn—also the residence of Klapstock, one of the earliest German bards, for are years—of Heine, before his contentious with the {natitations ! and sovereigns of Germany obliged him’to live; abroad—and the place where the poet Matthias | Clai.diue ended bis diysia. 1815, itis notin any respect | among the literary localities of Germany. Its chiet distinction consists in its being the iirst seaport town for trade in Germany. It is said to have about 160,000 inhabitants, and being situated on the junc- tion of the Elbe and the Alster, (the latter a smal! stream,) has not only all the great commereial advan- tages, but thore agreeable prospects which, especially in a city, belong to and accompany water scenery. The Binnen Alster, a basin of water fronting two or three of the finest streets of Hamburg, is an orna- ment to the city. The houses, which penigenerally tasteful and large, the combination of rural aspects in the form of trees and extensive shaded walks, with the masces of buildings that form a city; the my and busy appe:rance of several of ita streets, the polite and courteous manners of its citizens, al- ragtraneae dictates Sepa render Hamborg acity of In particularly so toan arp tor the first time, meets the wide contrast between Germanand American life. ‘The fire which in 1842 destroyed nearly 1700 build- ings, though the cause of much suffering, made wa; for some of the widest streets and moet elegant edi- fices that now ornament the city. The ple are ‘ cheerful and heosl; irae geem to live aa if en- joyment were the end oi life. Everybody a drinks coffee, beer, or wine; and what at view ‘would seem to be amazing, scarcely any one is ever | intoxicated. In Hamburg avd in Germany gene-| rally, nearly every place of public resort, a8 for in- stance the Alster Pavilion in Hamburg, and Kroll's Garden in Berlin, have apartments filled with a large number of small tables, on which coffee, beers, and wines, with eatables, are served; and in Ger- Many no one among the general mass seems to have soruples in respect to drinking. This is the universal custom, and though I have endeavored very critically to notice the people, manners, and peculiarities of German life #0 tar as it has come under my, eye, and this has been so far un- der circumstances not disadvantageous, I have not yet seen a solitary instance of drankenness or ese Why - it £0, we in tem- perance ica near! ev presents you, in the large city, with the pe of some drankard reeling aloug the street or slecping against the door-steps ofsome house? I have never learned tosmoke, nor to drink wine or beer, and do not be- lieve that the constitution of man needs these arti- ficial excitements, yet it strikes me as a pheno- menon worthy of thought, that in countries where the habit is eo nearly universal there should not be the excesses which appear in our own land. I am told that all along the regions of the Rhine, wine is free- ly drunk by the peojJe, and that Wj thout ye gucesses Tbe ty of the: of into iresier ze beve* ‘Sges, and the disuse of the forms of ardent epirite are tahoe two explanatory reasons fov this result, but do they solve the whole problem / Hamburg is a wealthy city, and generally speaking, recente all the appearance of it; till there are, a+ in nearly all cities, several narrow streets of old. poor houses, giving the impression of neither wealth, PeTme glory of elles i8 opposed radi ¢ glory of cities » yy A contradic: tion of extremes, and it Py Geel in the kag and the exaggerated use of words that New York, Lay don, or Berlin are ever called magnificent. The wn cient trenches once dug for purposes of defence are in Hamburg now clothed with pleasing verdure and their banks are handsomely ornamented with trees, The gates of Altona divide the State of Ham varg from the dominion of Holstein, which includes Altona, the most. commercial and populous town in Denmark, next to Copenhagen, having 32,000 inha- bitants, On Kea 4 I passed it to visit the tomb and monument of Friederick Gottlieb Klopstock, » name that stands quite near to the fountain of m dern German literature, though by no means re- garded as one of its greatest masters; in Ottensen at the extreme border of Altona, within a few paces from the frout door of the Lutheran church, is a time and weather worn monument about ten feet bigh, which in German letters and language informs the visiter that Klopstock was born July 2, 1724; that he died March 14, 1803; that Germans should ever, with awe and with love, approach the mortal re maine of their greatest ; that Christians shoult come with reverence and love to the resting place ot the holy bard who sung praisingly the life nnd death of Jests Christ—who sang of mon, mortally, of the Lternal One, the Mediator of |.“ Beneath the throne lies his great reward—a golden sacred cup, full of Christian tears.” Close by his monument stands a noble elm, whose branches shade some four or five other graves; the people, in entering the church, walk in ite shadow. Picture of Jesus, leaning on his cross, aud two ves of wheat, a4 emblematical of the harvest into which the poet was gathered, are the only ornaments it bears, save « real wreath of intermingled flowers and evergreens that lay unfaded at its base. Very freely are thesa offerings of summer woven into wreaths and upon the gravestones of departed friends; pomoh ed only a wooden cross marked the resting placa of the departed one, aud bow gracefully, as well tignificantly, the flower wreath of great bung ipon he sacred sat Not far from this died the brave Duke of Branswick, in 1806, from a wound he received at the battle of Jena; and here, too, ix « monuioent to more than 1,100 citizens of Hamburg, who occupy one common grave, even as they met one common fate, in defending their cit against the French in 1813-14, whose heroism Rack- ert has remembered in one of his happy pocms. uite near by, and on the other side of road, ia Ln ge ~ ee a woodland a! over ‘scenery of the Elbe, render it « fa resort for the people of the city. A musical concert was holden thereon at “ies pert ho knew Kl ind men in in who tock: for ex- ample.AlexanderVon Humboldt and Wart Rien, bat generally all that is known of him is found in the Merature of Germany. His house in Hamburg, No. Hy py tig so from 1774 to 1803, 9 still o ge ing, thoagh in no way elegant. His studio, on the eecond “oor, is not lage, Looper, Iiving, and many other other American av-