The New York Herald Newspaper, July 4, 1854, Page 3

THE CUBAN FILIBUSTERS. The hi Bamely, administrative power in rn- ment ‘an eternal tendency to A a the public good, or the bolde Le , its dimensions are enlarged, till, e the frog in the fable, its end is explosion. De- Fr nbodea a Ph ner be ci cy pag gilance inte; may do mu jpone catastrophe, but the. erous evil is never cured. One of the most popular cheats by which power ents its pret ns, is by the plausible dia- of precedent. One bad precedent readil, eo. and all serve as standards for imitatior ther La ey in wily craft, blind zeal, honest ignorance, they are equally potent for mis- chief, and the party w 0 opposed when initi- ated too readily follow them as examples. Ido much regret that President Pierce has made his present demonstration in this line of bad prece- deni For, though he has avoided the libellous ies indulged in by the late administration on & like occasion, and has perpetrated no such discre- ditable blunder as to to commission the mili- tary with the functions of the tip staff by virtue of a Brvclamation, and though his language is decently » and his object, as expressed, seems to have been considerately studied, still it is sub- mitted his views, policy and yao vebtiched, and the power are not timely and well advised, I propose 4 peief inquiny ixto the authority fc propose a iq e ant for such a proclamation, and of its objects, and the policy and opinions therein a ewe General cpecengn Sek is “in virtue of the au ‘vested by constitution in the President of the United States” that he issues this 'proclama- tion. Now, we have many laws of Congress which give the power or make it the duty of the President te issue proclamations in the cular cases which these laws have specified. Such is his duty, by law, in cases of domestic insurrections, But our neutral- ity laws have enjoined no such duty, and given no such power. And to all wha have read the con- stitution of the United States it is sufficient to say it contains no express au®hority to the President to issue proclamations of this or any other descrip- tion; and I maintain the authority is not fairly im- plied. What is a proclamation—an official procla- mation? Is it not to declare some matter of State not previously denoted to the public? And must it not perctante it some inherent authority, or declare the establishment of some rule or authority not i viously established? If less than this, it is a mere brutum fulmen, or simple notice, not of what the President will do, or will have done, as matter of official discretion, but that he ex- es that himself and his subordinates will do eir duty as the Jaws enjoin. If this be all, it is not worth the ammunition so mponaly expend- ed; and if less or more than this, it is without au- thority. Now, where laws direct the President to make proclamation, it is for some purpose denoted by the law, or where the binding force of laws as made dependent upon the issuance of an official pro- clamation, or suspended laws are reanimated b: proctunation, we perceive a practical use. to sucl rma! moxition. But no such object or consequence is connected with the law of 1818. “ These proclamations,” says Justice Blackstone, have then a binding force—when (as Sir Edward Coke observes) they are grounded upon and enforce the laws e realm; for thoag the rag of ‘the laws is entirely the work of a distinct part, the Jegislative branch of the sovereign power, yet the manner, time and ci ces of putting those Jaws in execution, must frequently be left to the @iscretion of the executive ate, and there- Sore his constitutions or edicts conce: these points, which we call proclamations, are ding pon the subject,” &c, Now, who will pretend President Pierce’s procla- mation is an “edict” of this description farther, says the same author:— From the same original, of the king’s being the foun- ‘tain of justice, we also deduce the prerogative of issuing proclamations, which is vested in the king alone. Now, the Supreme Court of the United States has decided that the government of the United States has no prerogative. How, then, has our President, 4mdependent of legislative t, become invested with this Kingly preroj ive _ When the of these royal manifestoes was isued, independent of law, by President Wash- ington, in 1793, it was widely and violently de- meunced as a usurpation by the whole demo- =. ride It ee that er me at Ajax of executive er—Alexander Bamiiton, to eviscerate from the vonstitation @ vin- dication of this act. The principal points of his argument were to this effect :—A proclamation was “a usual and prop:r measure” on like occasions; and to issue a proclamation was an executive ast. And as the constitution of the United States vested the “executive power” in the President of the Uni- ted Btates, ergo, it waa by constitutional author- fy the President issued this proclamation of neu- tality. Mr} Madison, a much abler expositor of the constitution, in assailing this flimsy sophism, showed most conclusively that if the era of the President were to be ascertained, show- img what were executive powers in the abstract, ae known or defined in governments elsewhere, there was no difficulty in establishing for the Presi- dent most of the powers of the English sovereign. ‘Phe democratic intelligence of that day was fully satisfied that President Washington's proclamation was without constitutional warrant. Yet it must be acknowled; that democrats have not since hesitated to follow his example. Under these cir- eumstances, it may be admitted the President's transgression in this case is eomparatively venial. Yet, who shall say it were not better it had the clear sanction of the constitution ? ¥t is presumed as probable, however, that Pre- sident Pierce refers for his authority to that fascile and abounding source of executive power, that the President “shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed.” All memember how Amos Kendall pressed the omnipotence of this source of executive power. The curt re- ly, and pointed exposition, of this text by the Bajeoms Court of the United States, may be seen in 12th vol.of Peter's Reports, pp. 612-613. ‘Time is,not allowed me for the ample e: jition of this clanee of the constitution, of which it is sus- ceptible. ~ But a brief analysis will show it gives no warrant for this procl 6 Now, in the place, this proclamation is es- sentially. preventive, and aims, by its counsel and monition, to dissuade the citizen from committing a breach of the law, which is supposed to be medi- tated. Such’ counsel be A gad Ed way, 6 whether coming from the President or from the ite friendship of private citizens; and euch ad- viee may be as proper!, ae, by one as the other. But the best wishes oi President to prevent a breach of the laws, cannot, by any logic, connect it- elf with his duty to take care that the laws be faith- executed. Laws not broken cannot be exe- eated by ebservance merely. All know that, in a Jegal sense, the execution of the law follows judg- More Itberally construed, it is the enforce- ment of the penalty of the law after its infraction. And in this sense, all the duty of the President on this peint is included. As supervisor of all ministe- officers, subject to his control, if they fail in @aty and violate the law, they incar the penalty of removal from office, and such other penalties as the Jaw has prescribed to be adjudged by the courts of & i E sibility for the manner in which the judges per- formed their duties. But when they have pro- pevaced judgment it is then the duty of the Presi- @ent to care that the laws be faithfully ex- nna Bah Ana ML, .. And for this the military power of the government. If, therefore, we have examined the tion rightly the authority for proclamation is not foun in the constitation, gad being without law, is unwarranted. oun Aston: a of this proclamation, and rm. ‘The President rectfoa that information ‘‘has been citizens of the United therein, are e1 tit a33358 Ibe ix, 8 “Ess MET? i i : i : carrying on a milit expedition in Cai " sections two and five of that ay clearly show. But the President, perhaps, would be understood that the supposed expedition was ao fitting out, and ao intende be carried on, as to violate both the treaty and law, ns he charges it would. [ answer then to the fact, that so far as I have any informa- tion on the subject referred to, no intention of in- gg 2 But’ | But why should thi to as to the sen! ‘ts, feelings what we suppose to be those of the people of Cuba, and of many citizens United States who concar wit ments and opinions? The Cuban believes the tyranny rence he pamela oi ees gree, and that of pation in self-government. Who doubts the earn a ie ower then Mitte controls Bin ie a eer lespotism. Cuban ly conspire and struggle to overthraw this despotism, | and may he rightfully invoke assistance to this end? To deny this is to repudiate the integrity of our own independence, for we so struggled, and sought, and ined private, secret aid from the French people. not do for hypocrisy, cant and falsehood assail the purity of motive and action as to assis- tance so sought and co to be given. The mock morality taught’ from aie places in censure of such conduct, the agreement among the minions or apologists of arbitrary power to call such aid piracy, robbery, and plunder, will not change the facta. This quarrel, all know, is essen- tially the cause of the Cuban an tyranny; and no American mm was ever justly dl with the folly or the wrong of cl a right of invasion or of conquest of the Cuba. The right of revolution ia the Cuban’s; the right of an American citizen is to aid them {f he » 80 he does not violate the laws of his country in doing so. The American citizen is not the property of his government. It is his right to peril hase in Seer Ge eebe ue eee tnvee he sees fit to hazard. And he well knows, if the enter- Brite is one unprotected PF the fag of his country, he peril is his own. we, who e ere or fe people of every nation te a renunciation Dat ce, question this right ? Be it known, therefore, that we—at whom, it is supposed, the denunciations of this proclamation are aimed—profess to believe ourselves as moral and patriotic as any of our fellow citizens who would lecture or censure us. And the more 40, that we have never received any such lectures or censures that have not been conceived in misapprehension or misrepresentation, or other- wise merked by a depravity and corruption of principles of which we conceive ourselves incapable. If the cause of Cuba be right, we feel how hapten, and exaggerated the efforts to brand us with either moral or political wrong, in giving it our countenance and support. “If,” says Mr. Madison, “there be a principle that ought not to be questioned within the United States, it is, that every nation has a right to abolish an old government and establish a new one. This principle is not only recorded in every public archive, written in every American heart, and’ seal- ed with the blood of a ‘oat of American warts: but it is the only lawful tenure by which the United State hold their existence as a nation.” These were the sentiments of route America. There is yet enough of the spirit of young America extant, to frown at the fogyism that would oblite- rate the precious record from our memories. In rogerd to Cuba, then, grant the rule of inter- national law, “that every government de facto is to be taken pri facie as the government of the people’s choice”; yet the prima face evl- dence may be rebutted. And where is there mendacity bold enough to assert that the power which throttles Cuba like a night-mare, is not a sheer despotism? All law writers admit there may be a naked sreanny that has no right of protection or respect from the laws of nations. Nor can the tyrant claim any legal protection even for his personal security. Mr. Madison says: It is not denied that there may be cases in which a respect to the general principles of liberty—the essential right of the people, or the overruling sentiments of hu- manity—might require a government, whether new‘or old, to be treated as an illegitimate despotism. Now, I challenge any one to cite-to me a single element in the power which crushes Cuba, that en- titles that power to be respected as the legitimate vernment of the people of Cube. The Cubans, en, have good cause revolt. But this power, too, in the wantonness of violence, is now ex: erted to an end dangerous to the interests of our Souther pee 4 And these, hee mere qos! au, : mented grounds of our sympathy, and excite m: is presumed, to such Tawra ¢ and legitimate aes an may relieve the oppressed Cubans, and insure our own domestic security. Now, with these motives and purposes candidly avowed, are the facts intend- ed to be controverted by this proclamation? or if admitted to be those aimed at, arraigned and cengur- ed by the proclamation, then it may become a graver inquiry, how far the President shall be successful in his efforts pel Seapenpesiy ed traduce these mo- tives and sentimente—or traduce those citizens who avow them. When it was fashionable at Washington, in 1825, to sympathize with the oppressed Greeks, there were no Presidential threats of prose- cuting John Q. Adams, Henry Clay, Daniel Web- ster, Mr. Fo: » Gen. Lafa: , and others, for giving Felix ston, Esq., the most let- ters to the great unnamed of Europe, commending his cr ty aipborsbipeag slg ‘to en, in—. being to afd the Greeks in revolt Tork- ish oppressors. And it was well known to all of these gentlemen that he was openly to take men and material aid from the port of New York in farther- ance of his military enterprise. The act of 1818 was then in force, and our country waa at penne with the Turks: And I shall not tend, but the act so meditated was in violation. of that law. But Tallude to the fact to show that even bodega ise Preseli did not el persons as i robbery or A or of entertaining sen’ a and sift rl atory to them as gentlemen, patriots and good citizens. And, as giving special eclat to the pre- arations for that expedition, Mr. Adams, then font ected to otc, gave GI foe same sees, Sh ster & regular under it seal of the State. Ifsuch, en ae the Kouamniae such an enterprise, and such its advocates and promoters, can it be that the aspersions of the proclamation against those who are supposed to big aro inan equal meritorious cause can be well deserved? ach might be said of the President’s imputations of lawlessly complicating the question of and war. Having said there was no intention enter- tained by any, so far as known or believed by me, of compromising the neutrality of the government of the United States, the question of or war by the United States cannot be involved. It is known there are already a considerable number of American citizens ¢ ed in the Russian and Turkish service,and the wars waged by them. But is it supposed this makes our government in pay wey party to those wars, or complicate our peaceful relations with those powers. The threats in the proclamation of a legal prose- cution is in bad taste, if not impotent of any legiti- mate end. Under the theory of our constitution, government prosecutions, so specially distinguished, have no lace. Imean by such, State prosecutions—those Ww! instituted and carried on by the king, his council and agents in England, and wrongfully imi- tated by executive pretensions here, where no such legal authority is given. Inder our tution, the qeaiciany, is wholly separated and independent of executive power and action. Its es are distinctly gned, and ita legal machinery for the performance of hese duties are set aj ith the distinct intention that its operations go on uninfluenced by execative manner in which all int of the ES law shall be redressed, how the accused ahall arrested, tried and comdemned to ment, is a ain all = ided for, and ese duties exclusively assigned to the judicial de- partment. That the courts will perform their duty With fidelity, in all cases, isa confidence which the theory of our constitution entertains without suspi- cion. In this respect, they are as much trusted as the President is. If this be se, wherein has the constitution ap- inted that it may, nevertheless, any become e President, in fancied matters of State, to work Lam to an energetic activity fo hare, oat court something more or some than they otherwise would do, if left to the = dent weir oor AR Nt) ive interference. The king the fountain of justice. Theoretically, he sits in court as prosecutor, judge and adv: Bat. not Peatia in court in fact, it is said the jadges re ct the of his majesty and justice. In the British tution State trials ee, pro- vided for. ying yrs ae is to Sante Into all offences spt government, and to commit the offenders to safe custody in order to take their trial in some of the courts of law.” What Privy Council has our President on whom these duties are devolved? Nor will it do to say the President represents the Commonwealth in sac Prosecetions. It is the judi only which is entrusted with this service, and ¢ jous inter- meddling of the executive is without constitutional I can well understand that the Atemay of the United States, to whom the outaide direction and mi ment of any ition is exclusively com- may often require the attendance of jwit- nesses from a distance, and aid from the Treasury to effect that object; but these exigencies may arise in any case, and should be conducted alike in all. I know, too, the President, guided by his personal anxieties, (not to say prejudices,) by use of his official influence, through subordinate agents, and his activity in court by the presence of these agents, and the thus marked manifestation of his zeal and wishes, may render a@ prosecution successful or oppressive, when it might not otherwise be so. But all such partial zeal and un- | equal interference, which may so affect the unequal | acministration of justice, is a perversion of justice, | and grossly adverse tu the genius of our government and the equal iights of the citizen. | Our courts should not be so tampered with. Ifit | is right, the Judge abould be impressed with the If is ‘There is no legitimate way in which energies of the in the prosecution meditated, that the exercise of his powers gravely cm thade ot vet the ermine of jnatice of mn, O] How infinitely better, Ay rash eee as to the manner in which ice shall be administered, should have been ited in thia proclamation. The alties of the law carry with them their legitimate Trors to the intelligence and good sense of the American citizen. But in what way such threats have become a prover fanction of , and what their tendency for good, is not ly perceived. The independence, the uninfluenced ho Teapie cf Liber, cad the sured gearaatee e Temple o! 4 the equal rights and freedom of the citizen. Ite wisdom is forcibly illustrated in the Federalsst, ani seconded and approved by Justice Story, in his Commentaries. Mr. Hamilton says:—‘‘That ¢ individaal pression may mow and then proceed from the cow of justice, general liberty of the people can a be bern Tie from that a a Faecal 80 as judiciary remain distinct ma, both the le; ‘dane and coiots I agree that there is no liberty if the power of judging be not separated from the Tegislative ing executive powers.’ Now, all these threata of the executive to ob- trade his zeal and his wishes, and even his presence, by subordinate agents, and his supernumerary at- tormeye, into ee courts of justice, Po ant a a ion, we nO proper, pure an good result. And, however modeatly pels disclaiming to seek an undue influence with the judi » yet such in- trusions could not leave his infirm humanity as erect and self-poised as-if his mind was not bur- dened with the exeentive energies and anxieties so manifested and paraded before him. Though having but slight participation in what- ever of movement there is now being made for the redemption of Cuba, and the security of the South, I am willing to shoulder my share of the re- onsibility. Not wholly ywn to the Ame- ican people, I have some pride of reputation, and ¢ to entertain as High a respect for law, for truth, and for such virtues as are comprised in the character of a good citizen, as those may affect to have who can use official station asalicense to pro detraction. And before the American peopleI thus defend myself sgainst all disparaging charges and insinuations contained in the ident’s proclamations, so far as I am con- cerned. Joun HENDERSON. New Orleans, La,, June 10, 1854. ‘The Inquiry after Filibusters. [From the New Orleans Picayune, June 25.J The search after “‘filibuatering” expeditions, or a filibustering organization in New Orleans, is likely to turn out a complete failure. The Grand Jury have been occupied four or five days under the Nr re charge of a zealous Judge, and with the aid of a very capable District Attorney, and evi- dently have found nothing. From all present indi- cations ,the only result to be expected is the put- Te One or two sus; d persons under bonds. This has been intimated by the Judge, but we do not understand him as having positively decided on that course. He has it under consideration. We have no idea what sort of bonds will be exacted— «Whether for appearance merely hereafter to answer, if any evidence should be yet ‘gathered, or to keep the peace towards Spain in particular and all foreign nations in general; or not to go out of the United States with any revolutionary thoughts, or stay in it with any expressed purpose of giving active aia to any movement of indepeudence which may ever arise in Cuba. There is some speculation afloat as to what will be the ahipe and legal obligation of these ‘“ Cuban bonds,” if they should ever beissued. At allevents, it isgiven up in that court; the District Attorney and Grand Jury have not been able to discover the traces of ap: pier, expedition, or even of any on, Be ct , Within the scope of the law, as laid down with such excessive rigor by Judge Campbell. It would have been a great rise in New Or- leans if any proof had been elicited of the existence of a military organization, or any preparations for a military expedition, to be sent from this city or its — to invade the island of Cuba. To be cure, we have read in distant Papers sta reports of what has been going on here, and cir- cumstantial descriptions of the presence and looks of a formidable filibuster gathering in our streets, and camping in our neighborhood for a “raid” upon Cuba. But these were well known here to be the imaginations of alarmists, or the inventions of the malicious. Nothing of the sort has been seen by eyes accustomed to New Orleans. If there has been an enlist- ment or engagement of men for any such pur- » OF, any uncommon bu ge, it has been ept 80 ndly secret, and the men have been so closely immured within walle, or hidden in swamps, that the most zealous Cuban liberationiat in feeling—and there are multitudes of them about— has never been able to guess where they are. This would be high praise for the discretion of the man- agers of such a scheme, if there were one; but in fact, as we are confident, there are neither managers or scheme, arms, officers, nor men, gathered or invited to New Orleans for an invasion of Cuba. Such things could not be without some popular knowledge, some prevalent rumor and belief, some external signs not to be mn, although, per- haps, not susceptible of exact enalysis or legal cer- tainty; but no resident of New Orleans, within our range of acquaintance, has fever met with such in- dications. e discovery of any such expedition ‘would be hardly less unexpected than the sound of Spanish guns at Slaughter House Point. The Grand Jury might have summoned all New Orleans, and without ter A or fear of self-crimination, that would have a total ignoring of the beginning, or setting on foot, or procuring, or preparing the means for any “military expedition or enterprise” bd ne carried on from the United States against i great many things, however, the Grand Jury might have elicited, if the rnling of the conrt had not made them, by implication, constructive breaches of the !aw, as ten to some future ex- dition, in some eee change of affuirs, here or in Enba. They oh tt have discovered a very general and very earnest desire for the liberation of Cuba from the dominion of Spain, a full and firm belief that it is not only right in iteelf for the people of Cuba, but necessary for the well being and peace of the United States; a very thorough conviction the American government and people should no longer tolerate the hostile policy towards us with which the affairs of that island are systematically adminis- tered. somekinaté who claim to be well informed, they might have found a very strong belief that the domestic oppressions will not longer be endured by the inhabitants; and a very general determina- tion, when the banner of independence is hopefully raised, to be prepared to e such part inthe crisis as its prospects and its deep significance to our interests may require, and the law applicable to such circumstances may justify. ey might have found, too, if ramors are not altogether decep- tive, that there have been consultations and agree- ments, pi collection of means, or at least suggestions of the most effective way of raising means, to be applied in some way hereafter, which events may determine, to assist the independence of Cuba. That such means may be employed illegally, ible. That they may fit out and set on foot a military expedition, in violation of the neutrality act of 1818, to be carried on against the domiuions of Spain, isnot to be disputed; and the liability of those who so use them to the penalties of the statute, is a clear, It makes a case for the Mpeg of the government, ita ita suspicions, and very Properly stimulates officers to watch and arrest. ~ vay wb hod in violation of Ae wc Bat neither possibility, probability nor {ni make a crime against a statute. If the Grand Jury had found the rumors true thatafund is collected for the general purpose of assisting Cuban independ- ence, it would not follow that it ia n ily to be expended in violation of law, or that it may not be employed in a way which the law does not condemn, or that it may not be reserved until the public relations of the country will make it Pryper to employ it os ‘ways which are now illegal. an: y, expended in violation of the law of the United the offender wiil be liable for all the penalties. with a diffident reliance upon an; by ne know! of the decisions of Sart, bad force of , we take to be the interpretation of equity and common sense, which all the requirements of legal science are intended to Foe hog the Grand Jury, as it appears, did not get oe ad ee oe La ned, of Deeperetien, 7 such there be, and as uest: pounde: the witnesses indicate tha ret tow The ruling of the court, by extending its finition of the degrees of criminality so widely, had the effect of shutting out all the testimony which it desired upon this it. Everybody who could possibly have a know! sufficient for the poses of pd abo mg! to establish the fact of the collection of means in New Orleans for some fu- tare purpose connected with Cuba, incurred such a degree of criminality as made it unsafe to testify. It is likely, therefore, that no criminal procecdings will be had for that offence. - This, we think, in one important view, is to be regretted. We think it ought,to be settled, if it ianot already, at least so settled that there will be no fur ture doubt on the minds of the grand jurors and citizens, what makes acrime under the peutrality act of the United States, and parti whether the raising of money isa _miscemeanor on the pre somption of its being intended for an. aniawial purpore, with ‘including the fact of ita expenditare hor any uninwifal ovject ‘We are well encugh known to be no filibuaters, and do disapprove of any armed expeditions for the Sonngn of nations, and ‘oved precedents ou revolutions. But we woul not have the laws of our country construed-with such | excessive rigor as to punish and repress all sympa- thy with the oppressed and to make us ractical al- | lies of the Ose every where—and we see in | deal that Satan although doubt t | nee: 2, jeas the mos! implicit obedience is due, and should be paid white | , to all that is really law. The ations for the Capture of Caba. ‘rom the Buffalo Express, June 26.) The President hevingsioeda his proclamation | against the filibusters, Peet has folded | its hands, closed ita eyes, and sat down to enjoy & | quiet nap over the juest of Cuba by adventar. | fei This leads to the ible eonclusion that the pronunciamento of Gen. Pierce waa as sounding | brassand tinkling cymbals,without a bey: that of deceiving the S security. The Washington Intelligencer is not a jor to be easily deceived in regard to such mat- ters, and it gives credence to the statement that a stupendous movement is on foot in the South for tak- ing forcible possession of the laland of Cuba. Having issued ite proclamation, our government assumes a dignified neutrality, leaving the projectors of an invasion of Cuba to pursue their plans boldly and without molestation. The preparations which are going on are vast be- yond ', and have attained a degree of forward: ness al incredible. We are advised of the extent of this enterprise in minute and staggering detaile, and yet the government ieee on in undis- tarbed suet. We are told that eight steamers and four sailing vessels have been piaced at the disposal of the expedition, and can be got ready for the ser- vice at twenty-four hours notice. We are also pub- licly advised that nearly a million of dollars are in the Cuba conquest fand—that some fifty thousand men, who are well skilled in. the use of firearms, are enrolled and ready for the fleld when the time comes to strike the blow, and that they are the pos sessors of between eighty and ninety thousand stand of arms, muskets and rifles inclusive. . To thig armament add ninety pieces of cannom and a good supply of ammunition and side arms, aud the pub- lic can form some idea of the extent and parfection ¥ the preparations for robbing Spain of her posses- ions. 7 Then, again, we are told publicly.that the entire command of this expedition will be vested in a gen- tleman of known ability and ski,’ and whose name has already beceme a household word with the citizens of the United States, in souseapence of his brilliant achievements and successful manoeuvres while in command of the American died daring the late war between the United States and Mexice. The curtain i. yet a little higher, and it is gee ng in toa ic ear that the second in com: mand will, in all probability, be # Northern man with Southern principles, who commanded a brigade in the Mexican war, and has since filled important civil trusts. Whether this means General Pierce or some other officer of the same kidney, we have no means of knowing. It is said that Gen. Gonzales, who is known as the chief of the filibusters, is to be third in command. Among the emaller fry we notice the names of Col. Wheat, Col. Pickett, Col. Bell, Major aly, Major Moore, Capt. Edwards, Capt. King, Capt. Dewent, and Lieutenant Cilmette, all of whom were inti- mately connected with the previous expedition, and who, we are credibly informed are exerting them- selves in preparation for the forthcoming straggle, and will ‘be in at the death.” The time fixed for carrying out the plans of this stupendous enterprise for plunder, is said to be the le of July.. The advance army is to be about 10,000 strong, which is to be followed immediately by reinforcements of twenty or thirty thousand more. Now, this looks well on paper. It may all exist in fact, and if it does, then is the peace of our country in great jeopardy. The incentives to this poses scheme lie in the vast wealth of the | It containg an area of 20,000,000 acres, every three of which, it is estimated, is capable with pro- per cultivation, of producing one hogshead of sugar annually. More than five years » the properts of the island was valued at 000,000. Buc! vast bree riiprd and wealth are enough to excite the cupidity of theadventurous and unprincipled, whe- ther in the government or among the outsiders. The island of Cuba is defended by a land force of some 26,000 men, and @ navai armament which if properly and vigilantly kept on the alert, will be able to cut off and destroy an expedition of 10,000 men before they can put foot on the island. While we have no confidence in this, or any other filibuster attempt to make conquest of Cuba, we cannot un- derstand how it is that the government can relieve itself from the responsibility of the attempt. It is surprising to what extent the preparations have been carried under the very noses of the ad- ministrators of the government, without exciting _ on their part, even an attempt to nip the expedition inthe bud. The proclamation of the President has proved as impotent as the white paper upon which it was written, so far as any subsequent action on the part of the government ia concerned. This throws the President within the me of suspicion, an to the irresistible belief that "his procla mal only a ruse, to hide the secret,plans and urposes of the government, in regard to plunder- ing Spain of her possessions. Certainly an admi- nistration that will plot and perpetrate fraud upon its own people, is none too good to steal from its neighbors. This is the character of the government, in present hands. What a mortifying spectacle it presents to the world! The Crops. The Chambers (Als.) Tribune of the 23d ult. says: ‘The late heavy rains have given a fine ap- pearance to the growing crops in this region. We don’t know when we have seen a better prospect for corn. This crop, we think, will be larger in Cham- bers than it has been for a number of yeara. We come to this conclusion, not only from hearsay, but observation.” The Hayneville Watchman of the same date says: “The crops in this eerl we are pleased to learn, look very promising. The corn crop, it is thought, will be the largest ever raised in the county; and the prospect indicates a fairaverage crop of cotton.” The Chergw (S. C.) Gazette of the 28th pars We have now had four weeks of dry weather, which is parching up our gardens. The surrounding coun- try has been more fortunate, but the crops generally are si rain. The wheat and oat crops have generally been harvested in the finest condition, with a most abundant yield of superior grain. The cotton and corn is generally looking well, though the latter has not yet recovered from the effects of the backward spring. Upon the whole, our plant- ers have no room for complaint, as with fair sea- sons henceforward their labors will be most abund- antly rewarded. On Saturday last we were presented with a red cotton bloom by John Ellis, Bsq., of this district. The bloom was plucked on Friday evening, and must have been open on Thursday, the 22d. We understand Mr. Ellis’s crop generally looks flue, and perhaps is as forward as any in the district, but it's fully ten days behind the usual average of geasons, We learn from the Pedee Times of the 28th ult. that the weather has been very fine of late for the crope—warm, with a plentiful supply of genial showers. The crops of the district, in consequence, are in fine condition, both rice and upland. Indeed, we have never known corn to grow s0 fast, and with such a sineay, staik, before in all our observa> tions. We hope this state of things will last to the end, and that abundant harvests will repay the arduous toil of the sgriculturists. It is upon the tiller of the soil, at last, that we must ail fall back to’get the necesearies of life. The London vag), Free Press says that, after all the anticipated evils that seemed to threaten the farmer on account of the severe frost in the early part of summer, harvest has come, and with ita good crop of wheat—hetter where stock was pein mitted to run on it than it was last year. ats look well, though they appear low but thin. We hear.of no cause from which totorm an opinion, other than there will be at least an average crop. Frait, in many places, is almost an entire Talla Ing; Ivania, (Va.) the Fredericksburg News learns That the wheat ‘hon will be about one third the usual yield. Corn will be very fair—better than Usval, except where the bud worm has done mis- jief. On some farms, trom this cause, the crop will be reduced fifty barrels at ieast, The oat crop, however, will be better than it has been for ten years past. The following agreeable item we find in a recent number of the Milwaukie (Wis.) Sentine/, ‘An ex- tended tour through eight or ten counties of this State bas served to satisfy us that if there should be no drawback in the way of unfavorable weather, the arya of wheat, barley, oats, rye, corn, and potatoes, Ww ho exceed the most sanguine expectations of those have not had the like advantage of passing through the country. The crops now, without ex- ception, look well, and the only complaints which we heard, in a ten days tour, was an occasional one with reference to the spring wheat—that it was 80 heavy, that it would probably lodge in the field. Wisconsin will send forward a vast eurplus as the re- sult of the harvest of 1854. Judging from the ap- pearance of the winter wheat in many portions of the State, we think that the harvest mast commence next week, and be well advanced by the 10th of July, if tue present warm weather continues. Fatan Accrext.—An Irishman, named Rey- nolds, wes killed by the locomotive of the Saturday | afternoon train from Springfleld, near the Grand | sheet bri He was somewbat intoxicated, and jumped from a car on another train directly in frout | of the locomotive, and it waa not possible to atop NEWS FROM MEXICO. We have received our files of papers from Mexico city to the 18th, and from Vera Craz to the 22d in- stant. The intelligence is meagre in the extreme. On the 13th of June, (the Feast of St. Antoine,) & grand ball was given at the Lonja to his Serene Highness, by the Ministers, the Councillors of State, the generals of the army, the chiefs of the garri- son, and by aome other particular friends of Santa Anna. It appears that the ball was very thinly at- tended, owing, it is said, to the ravages which the cholera was making in the city of Mexico, The Trait d’ Union, however, says that the sickness is materially diminishing, and that the number of deaths is not greater than usual, the atmosphere being cooled by gentle pe showers. Ina few days it hoy Ith will be red; otherwise the capital will not be habitable, deserted as it now pry who have been able to leave the infected ‘he following amnesty was ses by Santa Anna on the day of the feast, Trove luded to: MINISTER OF WAR AND MARINE—SECTION 4—CIR- CULAB, His Serene Highness, exercising the powers that the nation has reposed in him, takes this occasion of the anniv of its birth, to give another proof of his being always Spomahly disposed to the members o! Hoe ery, proyided that neither disci- ee nor the stration of saffer. He fore decrees that prisoners under police of- fences, deserters without any other aggray: cir- cumstances attached to their » and who have been summarily condemned for potty from tho penaisy passed upon then ‘This amnest mi the pen a em. amnesty does not extend to. political offenders. General io Torregon has been named Com- mandant General of the Department of Michoacan. On the 9th instant the Leon battalion, composed of 700 men, and a platoon.of the Jalisco ‘lancers, left Guadalajara for Morelia. The authorities of Zamo ta, fearing that their town would be attacked by the insurgents, have fortified it and%have placeda hundred men to it. Mr. 0) , the new Minister of Finance, ar- rived in Mexico city on the 13th, and took posses- sion of his office on the 16th June. The: Municipal’ Council of Tampico has asked ermiseion from the supreme government to intro- luce free into that es pine wood for house build- ing. The prefecture of the district has supported this demand. The Holy See has consented to the formation of a new dio¢ega in the Department of fan Luis Potosi; the bull to effect. this Phigst is to cost. the moderate gum of $1,200, which the govérnment, will wrin, - the unfortunate: inhabitants: of the ipfejected locess. , The Trait d’ Union Sad the following news from the Boletin Oficial of Bravos, of the 19th of May, in relation to the jonists of the South:— The rebel chief, Manuel Luis Go: Jimenez, was: beaten near the River Nexpa. e details of this action were published: with much bombast in the Boletin of the 12th of May. José. Ramon, in- surgent, and acting as an officer ip the ranks of Jimenez, was taken prisoner during #he action, and was shot on the 10th at Ayuita, after having been summarily tried by a council of war, conformably to the law on conspiracies. Captain Jose Maria Salado has been ordered to pursue the insurgents in the department of Ome- tepec. Onthe 2d he arrived at the Nexpa, where he found nine guns and a baggage wagon. He con- tinued his route to Cuatan, whore he learnt that a. band of rebels had passed there in the direction of the River Jalapa. Salado went to the place’ Ut out, and found the wives of the rebels. He then resulved to wait three days in the hope that the men would return. On the 3d a man named Emig- dio Garcia arrived with the son of the chief Ji- menez and Jose Maria Morales, all of whom were made prisonere. Salado burnt the village of Jalapa previous to leaving it. Villalva was at Mescala with @ detachmeut of the insurrectionists, who were said to be in avery miserable condition. As soon as the government troops approached, he fled. He was subsequently seen at the hill of the Canada del Zopilote, and was pee thence to Hnuitziltepec and Atlixco, and lastly, on the morning of the 17th of May, he entered the village .of Apap, It. was thought probable of General Escudero. The Trait d’ Union inserts the following extract of aletter dated Guayamas, 24th April :—“ It was on the 19th instant that the English ship Challenge, coming from San Francisco after a passage of seven- teen days, entered our port, having on board 300 Frenchmen destined for the Mexican army, in vir- tue of a treaty made at San Francisco with the Mexican Consul, which ht ats approved by the French Consul, Mr.-Dillon, sides the 300 French- men, there were 21 Germans, 5 Belgians, 19 Eng- lishmen, 1 American, 4 Spaniards and Portuguese, 8 Chilians, 2 Ecuadoriane,»1 Argentine, 1 Swiss, t Ttalian, 1 Pole, 1 from Bogota and 12 Wexicans—in all 377 men at the disposal of the Commander of Sonora, Other ships loaded with emigrants are | also arriving from day to-day. ‘We wre waiting the arrival of General Arellano, who is charged with the military command of Guay- per as well as with the duties of prefect of the port. Lastly, we have received certain intelligence that Admiral Des Pointes was expected at San Fran- cisco and would visit this port. It will be the first French Admiral who has visited Guayamas, “This letter,” the Trait d’ Union adds, “ is an- terior in date to that which we published in our last number, and has been retarded in ita route, we know not with what motive. It informs us that the authorities of San I'rancisco decided to let the Challenge go with her passengers. We must sup- jose that the French passengers of the Challenge ave been organized into a battalion under the So- nora Commandant.” General Ampudia, Governor of the State of Nuevo Leon, has been appointed to the rank of commander of the order of Guadalupe. The Count de la Cortina y Castro has presented the President of the republic with a rich cloak of Grand Master of the Order of Guadalupe; this cloak is of blue satin, ingeniously embroidered by Mexican hands. The embroideries of the left side represent the plate of the order, in the centre of which is the likeness of the virgin. The code of commerce, which is to rule the entire rePublic, was to go in operation May 27. The New Orleans Delta gives the following sum- mary:— The saddest news of all isthe death of Sontag. As we have not received our regular files from the city of Mexico yet, and the Vera Cruz paper merely announces the fact, we are unable to lay before our readers the full particulars of this sorrowful occur- rence. It 5p ears, however, that the opera of “Lu- crecia Borgia’ had been announced for the evening ofthe 15th. The audience had assembled, and were anxiously awaiting for the curtain to rise, when the manager made his appearance and stated that, ow- ing to the sudden severe sean of Madam Sontag, the performances would have to be post med. On the 18th inst., her death was made pub- ‘ic, by the notice emanating trom the r of the Oriente Theatre: ‘‘The celebrated artist, Madam Sontag, Countess de Rosai, having died, the lyrical company,of this theatre, in consequence of this sad occurrence, has suspended, for the regents the re- resentation which was announced for this evening, yy permission of his Excellency, the Governor 0! the district, which it is believed will meet with the concurrence of the entire Mexican public, who now participate in the profound sorrow that overwhelms all who knew this distinguished artist and virtuous lady.” The departments of Vera Craz and Oajaca have been invaded by fillibusters of a more dangerous character than even our “ Fifteen Thousand.” The Eco informs us that these two gre are in- fested with locusts, which are destroying every- thing that comes in their way. The cholera is prevailing in the city of Mexico with considerable violence, and on the 15th, a grand procession wasformed and marched to a church, which is dedicated to ‘Our Lady of the Remedies,’ for the purpose of preyin for rain, the scarcity of which is supposed to be the cause of the bad state of health in the city. Fires continue to occur with alarming frequency in the city of Monterey, which are evidently the work of incendiaries; but, as yet, no one has been detected in the act of firing a balling: On the 13th, the birth-day of the sident, the corner-stone of a monument that is to be raised to perpetuate his memory, was laid with great pomp at Cordova. We would advise Santa Anna to see that that monument is finished before he dies; if he does not, it never will be completed. Per example, the Jackson and Washington monuments. There ia but little news from the seat of war in the South,and none whatever from Alvarez, A fight had taken place between a party of the inaur- gents, being three hundred men, and a Ug gov: ernment troops of equal number. After a battle of two hours’ duration, the insurgents were routed and driven from their position on the top of a mountain, with the loas of one killed and two pri- soners. These two prisoners were instantly shot as traitors. On bis birth-day, Santa Anna showed his magna- nimity by pardoning all soldiers who had been con- victed of trivial offences, or of desertion. Senor Don Manuel Olazagane, of Gnadalaj been appointed Minister of Hacienda, in place of Don Luis Parrez, resigned. Minister of nda corresponds to our Secretary of the Treasury. « now say that it has bosn sat- jara, has The Mexican vie factorily ascertained thet the resene of the Vetrita prisoners, by Captain Movehead, of the British ship , Dido, from on hoard of the Ethelbert, was a precen- Muir Letwee. ee Commouoies of the tro the captain ot the Dido having conversed the train until it was too late. The wheels pn | over his left leg, cutting it almost entirely off. Ho ived but a few houra.— New Haven Courter, July 3. with one of the prisouera, named William Gillam, a British subject, previvgs to his being put aboard of : Cruiment that in this direction he would meet with the forces | ‘The Guano Speculation of [From the London Times, June 15.) It appears that the Government of Mexico have recently ited for ten years to Senor Jose 0. Forns and others, representing a body to be called the Mexican Guano Company, an exclusive privilegé for the Ce anid of guano from all the coasts and islands belonging to that country, with the tion of three ye in the Pacitic known under the- name of the Marias. Circulars have acoardingly been issued, notifying the conditions on which may be obtained, the professed object of the prietors being to leave the trade as open ag poatble consistently with their own claims for remuneration.” The quality of the guano existing on the Atlantic side of the coast has been more thoroughly exam- ined than that on the other, owing to several car- having already been taken thence tothe United tates, as well as a few to Liverpool, and is stated to be entirely distinct from the Peruvian descrip- tions, its richness consisting in per cent of phosphate of lime. That which exists on the islands and promontories of the Pacific coast and in the Gulf of California is described as of a more varied , some parts of which are rainless, being expected to supply high qualities, while in others the descriptions are inferior. Thus far, however, there seems to have been noaccurate classification of the respective sorts, nor any reliable estimates as to the tities obtainable. The discovery of these deposits, as regards the Atlantic portion, is of recent‘date. The islands containing the pri amount are called the Tsiangles, near the o! Yucatan; and no knowledge of the circumstance seemed to have ‘been possessed by the Mexican ernment until very. lately, when, after two merican vessels had filled there, one of them, with more than 200 tons on board, was stranded in a storm on a neighboring point, and the matter waa brought to light, ireland. OPERATION OF THE ENCUMBERED ESTATES BILL. The Dublin correspondent of the London Chro- nicle, writing on June 16, says:—Some small proper- ties were sold yesterday, in the Encumbered tee Court, by the Chief Commissioner. The sum. real- ized by the sales of the day was £15,285. The fol- lowing is a summary of proceedings from the filing of the first petition, October 21, 1849, to June 12, 1854, inclusive:— 1. Number of petitions presented, including those for partition and exchange, as weil as for sale 3.442 (Of the above, in or about’ 470 were supple- mental or dismissed petitions. 2. Number of absolute orders for sale..,......... 2,448 8. Number of matters in which owners were bank- rupts or insolvents 30% 4, Number of matters i: petitions......... ve 780 5. Number of conveyances executed by ihe com- missioners febreseeinegie ane 119 6. Number of lots sold, vi: By public auction in court, 4,600; by provincial auction, con- firmed by the commissioner vate contract, confirmed by _- era, 1,201 6,878 & ..umber of office... 1,284 8. Number of boxes (containing upwards of 2,600,- G00 documenin nnd muniments of title) de- posited in the Record Offf0t......s2++seeer 2,000 9. Number of bank orders or cheques issued by the commintioners for payment of m tronster of funds, in or about. 12,000 10. Gross ancunt of purchase money realised by the sales, viz. Py public auction in court........ £8,767,601 2 8 By provincial auctions, confirmed by the eommissioners.......... 1,077,138 10 © By private contract, and’ confirm- ed by the commissioners....... 2,262,190 0 © 212,996,983 13 6 DISTRIBUTION OF FUNDS, 11. Gross amount of money distributed im cash and stock...........+46 28,055,901 9 8 Total amount of absolute credita allowed to incumbrancers who were pUrchAseTs.esessscseseeee 1,204,840 0 0 £9,350,800 18 3 The difference between the amount realized by the sales and the funds distributed is thus aceounted for:—Funds allocated in trust; provisional credits not yet made absolute; the balance of cash and government stock standing to the credit of the com- missioners in the Bank of Ireland; payments already ordered by the commissioners, and not called for by the parties entitled thereto; and the purchase money of recent sales not yet lodged. The recent orgies Marder at Dandridge, enn, ARREST OF THE MURDERER, AND BURNDWG HIM ALIVE AT THE STAKE. A correspondent of the Athens Post, under date of June 20, furnishes the following particulars of the recent horrible murder at Dandridge, Jefferson county, Tenn., and of the arrest and burning at the stake of the mu: derer:— “A tragedy has just been enacted in this vicinity more awful and horrible than has ever before oc~ curred in any peaceful land. Elijah Moore and his wife had lived together some eight years upon a farm on French Broad River, near the mouth of Chucky. They had no children. Miss Lotspeech, the sister of Mrs. M., was living with them. She was a young lady much esteemed by ber acquaint- ances as amiable, prudent and ‘modest. Moore and his wife were clever, respectable people. He owned a@ negro man named Tom, about 22 years of age, who had been raised the family, and admitted to many familiarities and liberties, such as are too often allowed to slaves by these who own but few. This slave and two small free negro boys, hired by Moore, worked on the farm. he slave Tom had been insolent to the famiiy, and especially to Miss Lotspeech, and ought te have been arrested, but Moore was destrous of having his labor in the crop at this particular time, and was erbaps somewhat afraid of the negro, He there~ fore suffered the negro atill to live in the family. On last Wednesday evening the slave Tom sent away the free negro boys to their mother’s, not far dis tant,and in the nipht entered the house where Moore and his wife were in one bed, and Miss Lot- speech in another bed in an opposite corner of the same room. He entered the room with a lamp and axe. He struck Moore in the head a blow with the seen of the axe, causing such instant death that ho did not, when first discovered, appear to have moved. Several wounds, apparently given with great force with the axe, were found upon and about bis head. Mrs. Moore awoke, sprang from the bed and contended with the negro in defence of her husband. The negro inflicted several wounds Mg Mrs. M. similar to those upon her husband, and lift- ing her from the floor, tarew her upon the bed, where she died in a few minutes. Whilst the brief contest was pending with Mrs. Moore, her sister, Miss Lotspeech, started to her re- lief. The negro struck her upon the arm and broke it; he then threw her upon the bed and violated her with many acts of barbarity and inhumanity not to be repeated. She resisted and fought to the last. Her screams alarmed the Hoyo 80, that he killed her by a blow upon the back of her head, and then made his sees The next day the whoa neighborhood assembled, ani all who were therq say that the sight of the murdered dead was thd most awfal they had ever seen. The whole i“ borhood turned out upon a diligent search for murderer, and on Sunday he was arrested ; however, until he had received a severe flesh woun arifie ball. He made a fall, though net vo- luntary confession, which is confirmed by evidence. On Monday, after general public notice throughout the country round, in the presence of an. immense eal and by the expressed approba- tion of every in {vidual ‘present, the negro was ae to @ stake and burned to death, and to aches, Parent or Savanres or Posiic hin ; Ete FS barn neh Aen gich J of fg , are , and some other officers, Payal commencement of a stated for each officer by First Auditor, which ie Hepiater othe Treasury, where the report i eaplod rr Of , where pa eek Rey pre Oot Ae Ba pF Dy for making nt. The war- 4 pol it is sent to the Treasury for are generally made b; arom Ty we ntnber of these salary secounte: is 222, In order to make theee accounts were sta’ Revexce Vesseis Co-orERariNe Navy—By the act of March 2, 1799, the cutters may be ordered by the President rate with the mavy, und shall then be ander the di- rection of the Secretary of the Navy, and the ex- re be Sg by hi] Thus, in heey 3 case ly at the Treasury De- partment, it was adjudged that the pay of the off- cers of the revenue cutters ia not by placings them onder the orders of the Nay: 5 nd changing the nature of their soryice. That can only be done by Congress. The officers and sea- vof the revenue cutters, if wounded or disablod co-operating with the pA order of tho nt, aie ¢ ei iiued (hy he r Apall 13,1814}, Jaced on the navy i ist, under tie eame 4 lations and reatri a8 officers and our wen of the navy.— Washington Star, July ly