The New York Herald Newspaper, April 17, 1854, Page 4

— NEW YORK HERALD. JANB? GORDON BENNETT. PROPRIETOR aND £DsTOR. SPF ICE BW. OOKNER OF FULTON AND HABEAU ETB ares, com te eceonss LY HERALD 2 conte per copy—$! per anmwns TEL LETTERS by. mail for B ma oF vith adven~ Baewents to be post paid, So ijeanes ott deducted from eV EEKLY HERALD vory Saturday. at ON “sent a Joan 83 oe et irtine Mend 8 te any wart of the eT UNTARY CORR cotainina smpey- Sons nce, solicited, from any 4 if uted, \ DEP TS ARE PARTIOULA RequesTeD FO Lar PERe AND PACKAORS BENT VA. \ | | cf ESPSNDENCE, cw ou Foaaion OR juan aL. SMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. BROADWAY THPATRE, wire— Dominique Tie Pos: BURTON'S THEATRE, Chambers street Tax Taxraet Paving iv ON BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery Hor Conn -Tox Lamr- sonra. Brosdway—Tue Jeaveve ED. pene | NATIONAL THRATRE, Chatham etreet—Tirx Cxiip oF | Praven. WALLACK’S THBATRE, Broadway—Borp Stroxr ron a Husrany~Love axp Mi AMBRICAN MUSEUM—Afternoon, Tue Ni0010 Party | —Pantirion Suve—Rvening Tw O10 Barwaav. CHRISTY’S AMERICAN OPERA HOUSE, 472 Broad wey—Ermi0riaN MeLopins By Cunisty’s MingrR eis, BMCKLEY’S:OPERA HOUSE, 889 Broadway-Bucr- aav’e Ermrorian Orxna TROUPE. BANVARD'S GEORAMA, 596 Bros¢way—Pawonama or wen GorvLann =. REENISH GALLERY, 63 Brondway—Day and Nigh: BRYAN GALLERY OF CHKISTIAN ART—S3 Browl- WHOLE’ WORLD—37 and 979 Broadway—Afternern and Evening. SIGNOR ViITZ, Limnary Hass, Now The News. ‘We Arctic, from Liverpool, arrived -at this -port @tan early hour yesterday morning, bringing our Lendon files dated to the 5th instant, with the Istest advices from the continent of Europe anc the meatof war. By this arrival we are enabled to fur- aish our readers to-day with news of four days later @ate than that,brought out by the America to Hali- fax, as the mails of the latter vessel are not due in Mew York antil this morning. We publish an ex- tended report of the important debate in the British Parliament which preceded the yeting .of the address .to the Queen in reply to hor message notifying <« state of war with the Emperor of Russia. The vote was unanimous in both Bouses. Ox the 3d instant two processions, one of the 7 another Commons, were forn proceeded to Buckingham Pelace, w) islative papers were presented. Great e revailed. An interesting debate in the Lo ons, brought up Sir G. Pechell, on the African plove trade, perticularly as relates to the trafic of Spain at Cuba, is also given. Flying rumors as to the state of affairs in the Fast, and of more peaceable intentions on the part of 1! Czar, had acted rather favorably on the Epg!'sh funds, and congcls slightly advanced on the evening of the 4th inst. In the Liverpool markets, breadstuffs were still up- wards, and cottea was more firm. Our correspongent at Washington states that dcs- patches from our Minister at London would proba- bly reach the capital on Tuesday embracing the, de- tails of the convention which has been entered inte between Great Britain and the United States. It ‘will be recollected that in the declaration of war Bogland merely waives her rights over neutrals, thus still adhering to the principle involved; but Mr. Ba- chanan has succeeded in securing advantages more favorable, that will bo.embodjed in the terms of the convention. It is stated, also, that the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House will report in fayor of the adoption of Mr. Dean’s resolutions. ‘We have announced te determination of the ©anel Board to open the canals of this State on the first day of May. Meanwhile boatmen and forward- ers axe actively making their preparations for the geason’s business. The subjojned list of the days of opening, extending back as {ar as 1824, is interest- 30 1840, «April 20 April 24 -Apeil 10 Ma It will be observed that only six times in thirty- one years has the opening of canal navigation been as late.in the season as May 1; and it is peculiarly fortunate, under the cireumstances, for the commer- eial and preducing classes, that we have had rail- roads capable of transporting the large amount of freight which, having accumulated at interior points, was pressing for a market. True, the canal reven- ues have been somewhat reduced in consequence, but the immediate interests of the people have been advanced. The Legisiature at Albany has not yet adjourned— and a pity itis. The spoils hunters and wire pullers still hold them fast in their clatches, and they have no other recourse but to clandestinely sneak off in couples to their homes. The unexpected change in the weather, however, having materially inter- fered with the occupation of the members from the corn-planting districts, a_sufficient number remain to_serve the purposes of the lobbyites, who work them mercilessly. Even till broad daylight they have stood up to the rack—and no fodder at thatt Verily, the “third estate—the lobby—is wonder- fully strong. Still another financial “ operation” on the treasury is brought forward for investigation. Both houses on Saturday adopted a resolution ine structing the Atterney-General to commence an action against George W. Newell, late Auditor of the Canal Department, to recover some thirty thou- sand dollars alleged to have been paid to certain canal superintendents without authority. The re- sult of this affair will no doubt be like that of many others of a similar character. The letter of our cor- respondent gives an account of a yery pretty flare- up In the Senate. Read it. A storm of unexampled severity for the seascn has prevailed in the regions round about, and indeed to the south, the east and the west, since last Pri- day, giving usthe bitter end to wind up with. At the time of going to press it wits blowing and suow- ing violently. Nothing like it has occurred since the funeral of President farrison, fourteen years ago. A Philadelphia correspondent writes that , much damage had been done in that vicinity by the uprooting of trees, &c. The telegraphs have no doubt suffered to some extent; and freshets and in- andations, with their consequentes to property, will be chronicled in ail directions. The tender budding fruit tfees, and the early vegetables, too, will be severely nipped by the biting froet of the last diy or two. Everything wears a raefitl aspect, aud Broadway to-day will know no “promenade of the gentility Accounts from Nova Scotia state that the Provin cial Legislature, previous to its adjournment, adopted addresses to the Queen expressive of its warm at. tachment to the British crown, and pledging the militia to guard the province and protect the public works from foreign atiacks. The Lieutenant Gover- nor is authorized to call out the milit nevessity. On Saturday last a young man named William A. Pettigrew was killed by the blasting of a rock in Rorty-third street. Yesterday a coroner's jury in- vestigated the circumstances, and in their verdict call the attention of the grand jury to the “unlawful We publish to-day the proceedings of the third dey’ jon of t ern Commercial! Conven ton, embracing the yveport of the General Comittee oi Luoluens, oi Which Liculguamt Maury ig chabuap | ia in case of his been | murket; and and dangerous manner ‘n whic blasting conducted in this city.” be Coron» af erwarda | discharged the proprie or of ‘he quarry, and other? manufactures used in the b Il gerent countries, implicated, from custody, Can it be that hamen life is held co cheaply that gach cu!pable carele se ness can be practised with perfect mpunity? Sa-cly + the jury might have hit upon a process more sura- mary than that suggested for abating the evil. A full report of the case may be found under the ap- propriate head. | We have received our files of papers from Havana to the 7th inst. The documents in rlatéon to the Black Warrior affair contained therem Deen published in this paper. i | ‘The War in Europe—Position of Austria and | to the same proportions os the former, thus Prussia—Effects on the United States. The importance of the debate in the British Horse of Lords on the address to the Queen has induced us to reproduce it in full elsewhere. oret corresp'n ‘ence, and supplies the few mis- no new facts, it elucid :tes many old ones, and | onables us to see with more accuracy the pre- sent position cf affairs. Not the le st impor- tant of the points it Gevelopes is the unan‘mity with which statesmen of all parties in Great Britain sustain the government in the war. whic. to hang bis opposition: and prosy Mr. Bright obtains even less attention than used to be vouchsafed te his sermons, when he flourished ae a field preacher. decidedly popular in England, and the people seem to look cheerfully on the prospect of in- creased taxation But if the British government have reason to be grateful for their good fortune at home, it is naces, and promises of the Western Powers, Austria and Prussia are ngt-to be drawn into an alliance egainst Russia. Both sovereigns have been subjected to an amount of cajolery which, one would think, was alone quite enough to put them on their guard; but they have more solid reasons than this for distrusting the overtures ofthe maritime Powers. It was well said by Lord Clarendon that in such a contest asthe present, the Germanic Powers could not remain neutral; but his lordship omitted to | prove the most important branch of his argu- ment, namely, that it was to their interest to unite with France against Russia. He would probably have found it dificult to convince the courts of Berlin and Vienna of anything of the kind. At oll events, if we may judge from their acts, both Prussia and Austria are only waiting for a favorable opportunity to declare thensselves.on the side of the Czar. Both acted with Franceand England untif all hopes of nego- tiation were abandoned; and then, Loth withdrew from the conferences with the Western Powers. The one—Prussia—having probab ly made up her mind already—promised nothing + the other —Austria—promised to join the West ern Powers as soon as the Russians crossed the L Yanube. Of this promise she has since repented; and now that the Russians occupy‘ nearly 1. be whole country southeast of the Danube bety ‘een Ras- sova, the mouth of the river, and th e Black Sea, remains asirresolute as over. Pru %ia fol- lowed up her secession from ‘the alliance by de- manding from the Chambers a new cre. iit of some fifteen millions; and formally dec lared her intention of remaining neutral. By wi \y of carrying out these intentions, a private neg. ‘tia- tion is at once set on foot between Berlin ; wd St. Petersburg, Of the nature of the pro, sals made on either side, we are as yet unab, \e to speak; but no one ean suppose that thei tenor is favorable to the Western Powers, A story of mediation has been trumped up. and by yesterday’s mail we understand that the Czar informs the King of Prussia that he will evacuate the Principalities provided the West- ern Powers guarantee the rights of the Chris- tians in Turkey. But the time for such propo- sals has past; and this last ultimatum is pro- bably nothing more than a cloak to conceal the real designe of Prussia. ‘The nearer the actual conflict approaches, the more embarrassing must the position of Germa- ny become. In common with the Western Pow- ers, it has an imperium in imperio, in the shape of the revolutionary element within itself. While Russia fights as one man—the meanest soldier imbued with the same principles and in- stincts as the Emperor—France and Germany if allied against Russia would probably find them- selves engaged ‘in a double conflict with the Czar on one side, and their own people on the other. Allied by family ties and political sym- pathies with Russia, the reigning powers of Prussia and Austria would, if they had only their own impulse to consult, aj once take part with Nicholas. The dread of a revolutionary insurrection at home—an apprelension which England and France are careful to foster—h doubtless operated hitherto to restrain this ten- a Bunt when ‘Nicholas shall explain to Germany that of all periods a time of war is ibe least favorable to popular outbreaks, his chance of gaining over Frederick William and Francis Joseph will be very imminent. We re- gard them as almost amounting to a certainty; and in this event we can see no other course for the Western Powers than the adoption of the democratic standard, and the commencement of a general revolutionary crusade inst the hereditary dynasties of Europe. The effects of the war upon the States still largely depend upon the course United taken by the belligerents with regard neutral veesels, neutral property, and fo: seamen serving in American ve It must Le well remembered that up to this moment, not one letter of the old international 1 under which the old claims of Great Br and France were advanced and enforced for twenty years before the last war, has been altered or Great Britan has waived her “rights,” as she calls them, “for the pre- sent; But according to her, they are still in full velidity and may be put in force and acted upon at any moment. It is impossible to foresee the actual results of te war until this source of anxiety is removed. Should fortune induce te belligerents to substitute the dictates of common sense for the absurd doctrines of the old law of nations in these respects, the effects of the war would be more cleverly discernible. At first, it can hardly fail to produce a depression and cause injury to country. The abstraction of some five handred millions from the European purse and their applicstion to purposes of war—the ve to emigration, and th f trade abroad—must ne- cessarily oper. irst to our detriment. On the other hand, should the war last many years, as it probably will—though the United States may not make as rapid a progress as they would have done in time of peace—it can hardly be doubted that our advancement will be prodi- usin comparison with that of foreign nations, illions of men in Europe will be taken fr po plough oud the loom to shoulder the trade i check the war mus’ general disturbance of have already | It’serves a8 a popular commentary on the se- | sing links in the nerrative. Though it contains | Lord Derby is sadly at a loss for a pretext on | For the present the war is | not so abroad, Despite all the intrigues, me- | we shall be required to furaish bread, clothes, and a large proportion of the Britieh and French ships will |e unsafe car- riers of merch ndis»; ours must do the work. Should te w r last, confidence in the eoundest financial institutions, and governments of Eu- rope will decline; ours must be the country where prudent men will invest their money. Finally, the diminution that the war must effect in the Atlantic trade will necessarily | stimulate that on the Pacific; and before the end of the war, the latter my !ave increased | placing u. in the centre of the financial world. ‘Tt is not impossible that a European war, as | long as the last, would at ite close see the | United States, like Venice formerly, the gra- nary, the bank, the factory and the marine depot of the world. Common Sense Among the Police. It seems as though we were destined to serve as an example of the dangers of popular sovereignty to all ages to come. The exu'er- ant freedom of the people of New York has | reached a licention; pitch which will soon ren- der the existence of any government precarious. We have a regular Corporation, with Mayor, Aldermen and Councilmen ; but they can nei- ther make laws nor execute them. We havea separate burean, fully organized and paid, for | the purpose of cleaning the streets; but the only street that is cleaned is Broadway, which Mr. Genin cleans at the expense of the house- holders. We have laws against throwing gar- bage into the streets, laws against blocking up | Tkeary.—Q ere is a) lng r any doubt of the total failure cf the Gadelen-tre.ty. It has col- | lapsed every flue, an! is oing down headfore- | most in deep water. This is the greatest defeat | the administration has yet sustained. The | con-p'rators in this treaty were banded to-— gether like the freebcoters of Rob Roy, and the | cescent of th» tre.ty gang upon the Senate was like one of tic wholesale raids of McGregor from the rece: es of Loch Katrine among the live stock ond movables of the Lowlands. Here we have had a combinati.n for the spoils be- tween the kitchen cabinet, the lobby, the Garay, Sloo, and otLer Mexican claimants, with Senta Acna at the head of the whole conspi- racy, to get twenty mill ons‘of money out of the Trcacury ; and yet, with all the contingent appliances of twenty millions, they have failed. Well, we are waiting for the final disposition | of ihe subject, and for the correspondence touching the ceacoction of this Gadsden abor- tion. The administration may shrink from it, but-it must come out. Mr. Fruumore’s Progress wy tue Sovra.— The triumphal progress of Mr. Fillmore through the South must be excessively uncomfortable to W. H. Seward and his partisans. Can it be possible that the Fillmore men of this State will hereafter recognize any affiliations with the Sewardites after the latest manifestations of the arch-agitatcr and his organs? While thislatter faction have been doing their utmost for the last two months to revive the anti-slavery agi- tation, and to inflame the North and South against each other to the extremity of disunion, the sidewalks with boxes and bales, laws against fighting and disturbances in thoroughfares, and men paid to secure the execution of these laws; yet they are hourly violated, and no one is ever punished. We have a thousand policemen, more or less, paid, uniformed, and armed to keep the peace; yet the peace is constantly broken with impunity, individuals molested, houses robbed, and the police, alone out of the whole popula- tion, seem ignorant of the fact. An attempt has-recently been made by Mr. Matsell tosecure some sort of efficiency among the captains by drilling them: but this most salutary precau- tion is resisted as a tyrannical innovation, de- grading to the independence of American free- men. We shall next hear that the indepen- dence of American freemen cannot tolerate any sort-ef restraint whatever; and that in the whole machine by which we are governed none shall have authority over another. It is high time, we think, with these facts before us, to inquire whether this vaunted in- dependence may not be carried'to such a point as to become a public nuisance. It is quite clear, we should imagine, that a regular systom of drili is calculated to be of as much use to the policemen who are drilled as to the public whose.protection is vastly increased by the heightened efficiency resulting from the drill. Without it, in fact, a policeman might find apologists for his cowardice in running away from a fight where his head might be broken. If therefore some such safeguard as a system of drill be required to fit our police captains for their station, objections founded on their independence of character tell against them- selves and not against the system. They may be too independent to be policemen; and no one has a right to complain if they lay down their staves, and betake them to some calling morc consonant with their dignity. But if they choose to take our money as police officers, it is the height.of absurdity for them to refuse to learn th + tee SAVE UF UME vighte as American freemen. The demur, however, which has been made by o ‘for the police captains to the practice re- ec ‘tly introduced by Mr. Matsell, is merely a pa. ‘of the theory on which the whole of our city * government is now based. That theory be defined in: two words—unrestrained may licen; ‘ousness. In. our search after popular freedy ™ we have overshot the mark and struck onthe tock of-anarchy. Blind to the wise re- strictio, ty whichthe Roman legislator’s defiai- tion of h ‘herty-wastimited,; we have forgotten that free, ’om—to be worthy of the name—must be frecdo. 2 or all, fer the rich as well as the poor, for ti ‘w.sober.as well as the drunken, for the honest ¢ SWellas, the depraved. We have forgotten th; Withat. species of freedom is the best under which« ‘¢hcitizen resigns the most of his individual rig, 8 for thepublic weal. Instead of pursuing this ¢ ®Tse.we bave sought on every side to enlarge ur individual rights and to diminish those , % the community et large. Thus we have ‘*epealed the sound. laws of our forefathers, an 4.insisted on electing all our city and State offic. *,from Governors, Judges, and Mayor downto ¢ tax-gatherers. Nothing but the resistance of t. ¥:Prees prevented the office of Chief of Police from ‘being made elective like- Wise ; and at some fur may be carried into e, Ke had two res ‘ is difficult to it, all our city officers are and consequently in@ficient less executive. The secon @ that .the entire city franchise is thrown into ‘the hands of the grogshop politi Lvery , Sizen can form an opinion as to the suitab, ‘ey of a can- for the mayoralty: bu % it is absurd merchants, waen .of busi- This system has isastrous of whieh it hie first is that, under ans. didate to ask yers or ness to choose between two asp Wis for the | atherer, They must * be guided + and witi- office of tax by the framers of the printed ticket mately, asis now the case here. disew ted by the results of the suffrage, must decline tc ‘exercise it altogether, and leave the governme, ¥ in the hands of drunkards. bullies and pro Nigates. It is melancholy, but not the less true, th St for all political and civic purpores, these c) BSS Yn- | now constitute te sovereign people of the pire City. - g¢ things back to their proper po: tion, so gigantic an effort is needed that th boldest may well shrink from proposals of re- form. Yortunately, perheps, the evils growing out of our mistakes keep pace with them; and ihus a time will come when the instincts of preservation will compel us to take the fleld When our helplessness has become so abject, and anarchy so outrage hat civilized society can endure no longer, vernment of New York will be wr politicians. The unive: be struck to the ground a consent to ¢ I] he ge ted from the grogshop ystem wild zens will much of their clothe the governme: elect their own Mayor men; Wat they will permit the the government io appoint all subordinate offi- cers and to hold them responsible for the with power. They will Aldermen and Council- e branches of ‘wre day that “reform” | respons'ble agente, | dnembere of a help- | Mr. Fillmore has been casting oil upon the troubled waters in the patriotic duty of a peacemaker. But there are many curious vicissitudes in party politics. Would any body be surprised if the whole whig party of the North, in conjunction with all the outside anti- slavery elements, should unite upon Seward in 1856, while Mr. Fillmore is forgotten even in the South? Party politicians are a faithless set; and hence we are compelled to be con- stantly upon the watch. Where are the Fill- more men of New York? They are weak sisters,and we must not overlook them. Where Tae Avmimrnarion ann Tue Giooon| NEWS BY TELEGRAPH. Frem Washington City. ANAN CONVENTION WITH GREAT BRITAIN— Mb. DKAN’S RESOLUTIONS, ETC. Wastintow, April 16, 1864. ‘The Hermann, it is understood, brought nothing from THE Buen | Mr. Buebanan, but despatches are expected by the America, and will probably reach here on Tuesday. ‘The | outline of the convention stated by Mr. Buchanan in his despatehes by the Europa is doubtless filled up and will be received then. The ‘declaration’? of war issued by England, it will be perceived, distinctly states that she only waives certain matters which she would have a right to enforce under the law of nations, thus still ad- hering to the principle. In the case of the United States, Mr. Buchanan has succeeded in obtaining even more favorable conditions than are granted in the general de- claration, and these will be embodied in the ‘‘conven- tion.” In the meautime, will the simpletons who are harping about a ‘‘treaty,’? learn that a “convention”? is not a ‘‘treaty.”” It is understood the House Committee on Foreign Re- jation will report back Mr. Dean’s resolutions to-morrow and recommend their passage. From the State Capital. THE LEGISLATORS STILL CAGED—PILAGING THE TREASURY—THE LATE CANAL AUDITOR IN TROU- BLE—FLARE UP IN THE SENATE—THE SILVER GREYS—MEMBERS LEAVING—COLUMBIA COLLEGE, ETO. SPRCIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THR NEW YORK HERALD. Anany, April 15, 1854. Within the ‘‘ memory of the oldest inhabitant” of this annually robbed State, has there ever been a set of caged up bipeds so extremely gnxious to escape from their keepers, as the members of the present Legislature have been during the last three days, to become released ‘rom the merciless and intimidating lobby, now in such powerful organization in this political Gomorrah. Fre- quent efforts have boen made for an adjournment, but in every instance the impudent wire-pullers in the ante- chamber would demand a vote upon any such idea. Every body believed (except the ‘‘special correspondent’’ of the Hxratp,) that the members would be relieved from the anacondas which wound around them, on Sa- turday night at farthest, and in contemplation of this, they labored night and day—two or three nights until ear daybreak—to pass all and every bill demanded of them. But they were frustrated, and when re- solutions were offered to adjourn on Saturday night, even late as twelve o’clock, they were not per- mitted to pass, and both houses were compelled, “under compulsory process to resume the work on Mon- day morning, at 9 o’clock, and will not be suffered to de- part until every deed is consummated which is recorded on the ‘slate’ of the all-powerful third house, try was under the influence and control of ce. sions of religion, and could not exist and Mr. Patnam Sopsgat au mens to whether ; fessors Were appointed subject to tl religious ten was the greatest degree of vandalism ever introdu in the Senate. The colleges had a perfect right to se their professors such as accorded with the religious vi of the trustees and managers, In view of this statement, it may not be inappropr’ tomake the inquiry, how happens it that in every stance where apy appropriation from the State in ai colleges is asked for, that the lobby outside,and mem! imside, uniformly deny (hat those institutions are in least tinciured with sectarianism? — From the al statement of Senators, it has at last become devel that the funds or ie ae Deen naetersed u Presbyterians, Methodists, tarians, &e. - a From Nova Scotia, LOYALTY OF THE PROVINCES—THE MILITIA, Boerow, April 15, 18! Both branches of the Nova Scotia Legislature, previ to its recent adjournment, adopted addresses to Queen, expressive of their regret that the peace of Et is likely to be disturbed by the unwarrantable agg: of Russia, and of their unwavering attachment to British crown. In case the regular troops should be withdrawn dur. the pending struggle, they pledge the provincial mil. to defend their province, and to guard and protect ‘Majesty’s forts and arsenals from foreign aggression. They have authorized the Lieutenant-Governor to § out the militia; and, in case they may be required serve, we doubt not that the people of Nova Scotia + obey with alatrity, and give convincing proofs of th loyalty and devotion to the parent country. Arrival of the America at Boston. ' Bostow, April 16, 1854 ‘The royal mail steamship America reached her wh " at East Boston at 12.0’clock on Saturday night, « her mails were despatched to the South by the ei, o’clock train this evening. Further About the Storm. SNOW-STORM IN PHILADELPHIA. PRucapE.pnia, April 16, 1854 Afarious snow storm commenced here this morni| and is still raging at sundown. | THE STORM AT THE SOUTH. } Batrmore, April 16, 1854 A severe storm of wind and rain has prevailed here day, and the weather is very cold. At Washington » severe storm of sleet and snow } prevailed all day, and will, doubtless prove destruct to early vegetation. THE WEATHER IN BOSTON. Bostow, April 16, 1854 ‘The weather is quite cold hero, and cloudy, with in cations of a snow-storm. j ‘The greater portion of this day has been spent in ar- ranging the sums of money to be squandered upon the drones who are aeeat provided for in what is well known as the ‘‘ Supply bi Whatever appropriation are they now? (ern ‘treasury fells upon its own merite during the ssion, is sure to be tacked on to this bill. the Tae Cupan Stave Trape.—By reference to our English advices by the Arctic, it will be seen that the House of Commons have been broaching again the question of the Cubanslave trade, and that they are resolved it shall be stopped, even # to do so it shall become expe- dient to let the island fall quietly into the pos- session of the United States. We have been thinking that this might be one of the trans- atlantic results of the European war. In the meantime, it seems that the slave trade with Cuba is increasing toa most shameful and in- sufferable degree, while the Spanish officials and their journals are becoming as insolent towards the United States and our commgyce and our citizens as if these petty colonials felt that they had England and France at their back, and were really anxious fora row. But this state of things cannot last long. The European earthquake will soon show us where England and France are in reference to Cuba, and Senor Pezuela will be very apt to learn very unex- pectedly on some fine morning, unless he mends his manners, the exact intentions of the “infer- nal Yankees.” The administration at Washing- ton will not be permitted to trifle with the Cuban authorities much longer. The Africah, with the island slave trade, must be suppressed. Lord John Russell thinks we shall have to de it. We think so, too. Haxeine In Ervicy.— he Jast affair of hang- ing Judge Douglas in effigy cume off et Tren- ton, New Jersey, the other day. This makes some ten or twelve acts of this kind in konor of Judge Douglas that have disgraced the vulgar milice of our Northern anti-slavery fanatics. Hanging and burning in effigy are but senseless exhibitions of the miserable spirit of abolilion- ism. An effigy of rags and straw is but a sorry argument against the principle of the Nebraska bill. It is a constitutional principle, and must ultimately prevail. It was perhaps too prema- | turely brought in for the relief of a desperate administration which may kill the billfor the present, but the great principle involved must finally triumph. A string of effigies from Bos- ton to Chicago can have no weight againai the final repeal of an unconstitutional act. Chil- dren may be amused at the hanging of a member of Congress in effigy, but the scarecrow docs nolfrighten anylody. Let them hang on. Tre Tiratnes.—Excellent bills are offered this evening atall ihe theatres, Miss Julia Dean plays a favorite character at the Broadway; at Burton’s, the ‘Tempest’? isannounced: at Wallack’s, a “Bold Stroke for a Hus- band; at the National, a new moral drama, and at the Bowery a new drama, Full particulars will be found in the proper place. The Weather—An_ Easter Sunday Snow Storm. + The theory has been Inid down by certain learned geologists that the earth’s surface, through the cycles of many ages, has been subject to freqaent changes, in the re-location of seas and lakes,the upheaving of moun- tains, and in the configuration of islands and continents; and these revolutions they «xy hate been the work partly. of volcanic eruptions, but mainly of a change of the axis of ihe earth itself. It has even Ieen supposed that at one time the frozen regions of Siberia were in comparatively temperate latitules from the remains of elephants found near the very mouths of the creat river Lend and other mighty streams emptying into the Arctic Ocean. It has also Leon supposed that the eurth, efter revolving a considecable number of with its North and South Pole in the same place, pectively, looses its shape so far as tolose its equill- n frem ibe force of atmospheric pressure; and that inthis way the different. zones—the frigil, the temper- ate, and the torrid--have changed their localities from lime to time. Now,we should suppose in the practicable application of this theory that our side of the earth had suddenly keeled over’ a little towards the North Vole, and that we are im of being remove to the latitude of Finds¢ ¢ from our April weather of the list ten ¢ vuld turn ont heso, how very short & I become all human e timates of the Furo , With the heart of K | rope edvanced northward is aud all others inhabiti pletely froven out by | earth. ‘There reflections have beon sugzested by snow storm of Good Friday, the continued I | nor'easter of Saturday, and the unexpocted violent revisitation of the snow in the boisierou: of Easter Sunday, falling, end bloying, end hailing snowing. as if the fag end ofa dark day rifted down npen us with thy woresaid, had been keeled over Yerth Pole. At this rate we may expe: vislossom about the fourth of July sP next winter half way round the Kies nearer the the peach trees » end our first tiv ‘@strawberries about the first of August. We bh joy Yever, fo The spectacle was aufti Tyg, mmal yest ts. it was wintry, desols ands owhidding. cou the streots on Kastor | Bunda Ye so dewrted before—never have we such | bard wy ERE the nt of the snow | on the all the movent ve popnilation Faster have sich an- om sunshine of an old , the brilliant rsi sreen fleldy and the mi in tha last quarter of the a welcome season now 1 no shoes for their out-d 4 views pretty freely coneorntng rin, we tuin it over-—in rofer- in and our ggot for nothing « enln, we understand gave a lway sWeepers at Egin- | ence to the st corporation. Apropo. fulfilment of their duty. This will be the | collation to squad of his . . ‘ 0 of the ew af im i els have a Matera they: itive mi oute in Suhaoieer, | hegina ng M ime seeds ha and we presume they will have n %.$ © another, { i f the task before them, 1 OM the acenmmniated | already been sown are now silently germ- | '” A aa pny br fre Mee ‘ n; 1. ‘wi of the rity pr | ? 2 | eineh and Oth © D je Rowe pavewe . die tow ng under the surfaye of % | Gaye, : ; | been struck ont as one of the commissioners. 1 no Ure 40 keep | h ! several Bona) sei leeches'in the public offices—and their number is legion— come in for hundreds of dollars as extra pay, in addition to their regular salaries; and though new Senators and members the House at first become startled at the enormous charges thus made upon the Treasury, with Drazen effrontery, and denounce them as unjust, and characterize them as perfect robbery, and perhaps suo- ceed at first in cutting them dows, still they are uni- formly reinstated, just as the bill comes from the lobby. This Senator has a friend in the bill, another member of the House has a particular favorite, and by this system of log-rolling—‘‘ tickle me and Ill tickle you’’—every dollar demanded, it matters not for what purpose, is surely in the epd to be drawn from the treasury. The Senate this afternoon undertook to curtail a few of the items in the bill as it came from the Honse, and when sent back, that body considered it as an indignity, and peremp: torily refused to yield. ‘Among the items, there are a few in relation to the ex- nee of the late Court of Impeachments, which are cor- Tninly worthy of presenting to the public through the Henarp, as they will never see the light through any other souree.” There were six members of the last House of Assembly appointed a committee of managers to con- duct the Mather trial. ‘Their names are” Loomis, Hastings, Wood, Champlain, Sessions, Noble, and M Burney, all lawyers, except the Intter, The court was in seasion some thirty days, and each of those gentlemen charge five hundred dollars for thelr services. Not satisfied, they employed another lawyer, John K. Por- ter, to whom {s allowed one thousand dollars, making four thousand five hundred dollars. On the defence there is allowed Mr. Mather something over three thousand dollars for his counsel fees in de- fending himself. So the State will pay nearly eight thousand dollars for counsel fee in this eclobrated impeachment tase. ‘The fact now appears that a sum not less in the a te than eighteen thousand dollars has been saddled on the State by reason of the conduct of a single barnburner leader of the Legislature of 1863, n undertaking to prosecute a hunker State officer. The payment of rome thirty thousand dollars from the canal fund, by the late Auditor, is alleged to have been without authority; and in relation thereto-both Houses dopted this resolution, viz.:— ‘Phat the Attorney.Goneral be instructed, if in cause of action, to commence an action forthwith against George W. Newell, late Auditor of tho Canal Department, to recover to the Stute any moneys ad- vi Superinien- a by eaid Newell to certain alloged Cana dents without authority of law, as reperted to the Senate —day of March last, by the present Anditor. Mr. Attorney Gereral Hoffman will undou Prompt examination of the Inw and th alluded to, end take carly steps to invit and his secretaries to answer ceriain interr in his opinion, the laws have been violated by the official gentleman. A sudden flare-up occurred in the Senate this evening, which resulted in a complete silver graytriumph—the first and only one during the session. ‘The bill which passed the House some three weeks since, appointing commissioners for Isying out strects, avenues, parks, &c., in the city of New York, has remained under the lock and key of the Senate Judiciary Committee ever since, and as the bill had rested quietly it had become forgotign by its opporers, and they bestowed no further thought upon it, believing it was utterly defunct. Ata quarter past ten o’clock this evening Senator Hopkins drew out the bill, out of the regular order of business, reported it, and ‘made a motion that it be ordered to a third reading. Mr. Brooks was taken unawares, and made objections, contending that a bill of such magni- tude should have consideration in committee, where its merits could be discussed. He requested the Clerk to read the bill for the iuformation of the Senate. Mr. Dickinson denied the right of the Clerk to read unless it ‘was upon its final passage, and if so, then he was prepar- ed to vote. Mr. Brooks then read it by sections, commenting upon each as he led. He said that Senator Spencer, Sonator Whitney, and himself, threc of the Senators from the city, were opposed to it, and it was unjust and improper for’ the majority to press through a bill which the Common Council had rotested against, and nine-tenths of the people of New ‘ork were opposed to. Indeed, there were no petitions asking for it, and the only object was to create a set of political officers, for political effect, each ut a salary of two thousand five hundred dollars, and a clerk at fifteen hundred, annually, with nothing under the sun to do. It appeared that the name of J. A. Kennedy was stricken out, and that of Jacob Oakley inserted, as one of the Commissioners. Several attempts were made to foree Mr. Brooks from the floor; but he would not yield unless for a motion to proceed to third reading of bills. Mr. Crosby, fearing that twelve o’clock would overtake them, managed to squeeze in a resolution declgring that no Senator should consume more than ten minutes time in debate. Bat this did not accomplish his object, as the resolution was debatable, and Mr. Brooks very justly availed himself of | the opportunity, though it “did “not appear that | he 80 ‘to talk against time, but only in exposing what he thought were errors inghhe bill. Heoccupied some ten minutes longer, when Mr. Putnam sueceeded him, denouncing the motion of limiting debate to five minutes as an act unworthy to be entertained in a body of this character. The attempt had never been before made either in the United States Senate nor in that of the State of New York. Mr. P. sat down, when Mr. Cr very properly withdrew the reso- lation, as Sundsy morning would wadoubtedly have found the Senate still in debate upon it. 3 Mr. Bradford moved to proceed to the thin! reading of Uills. Lost. It was now half-past oleven o'clock. Mr. Hutchins moved to take up the resolution from the House for final a\journment, and proposed to ad twelve o'clock. Lost. Mr. Halsey moved four on Monday afternoon. Also lost. Mr. Hopkins moved to suspend the seventeenth rate, which declares that no bill shall be read the eteond ond third time on ihe same day, unless by unanimous con- sent. This wes carried. Then Mr. Hopkins moved to take the commission bill from the committee and order it immediately to a third reading. Mr. Bro: remarks he Feomed to t had arrived when the bill was costined to pass, notwithstanding his earnest and determined protest. | He told those who possed the bill todo the deed quickly, the quicker the better, and sat down. Mr, Putnam then took the floor, and took the Senate and the audience. It was near the midnizht hour. He discovered a fact in the Dill, that the name of Hiram Ketchum, a man of the highest charactor, had Senators here might in their zeal muke sacrifices of men, but not deliberately butcher them. But it seems who «sympathized with the late whig admi find no favor here or in the other house, cer and Joshua Spencer have both heen di same manner. Mr. P. continued some ten minutes in a lofty and impassioned strain of eloquence, denouncing in unmeasured terms, the conduct exhibited in driving the | vey of ‘The Southern Mail—Mr. Fillmore. Barrrworg, April 15, 1854 The Southern mail to-day brought New Orleans Pep) of Monday last. t Mr. Fillmore was at Mobile at last dates. je CuaRiuston, April 13, 1854) Sales of cotton to-day reached 1,800 bales. The sales the week foot up 4,600. The quotations rai Te. to 103c., being a decline of ren the low: qualities having declined most: Good matiag inact at 93g. Stock at port, exclusive of ipboard, 42 Receipts of the week, 7,350. | Provipenom, April 15, 1854. ‘The cotton market is dull, with small sales at mal rates. The wool market continues without chan Bales of the week, 80,0001bs. Printing cloths dull; sak 11,100 pieces. Police THE CHARGE OF FALSE PRETENCES AGAINST STSPH. A. MAIN, In the matter pending against Stgphen A. Main, on t complaint of Wellington Lee and others, in which th charge Mr. Main with obtaining the signature to t drafts for $7,000, and also to a contract referring to t manufacture of oil and grease of a superior qualit | the case on Saturday came upon Itong before Just: | Stuart. Mr. Neilson appeared as counsel for the prosec | tion, and Mr. James M. Smith for the defence. T | following is the evidence of the first witness examined to the time of adjournment :— John B. Bell, sworn, says—I reside at No. 82 Pe street, Pittsbi rst became uainted wi +} Penn.; I Mr. Main at the Grystal of Febraa ‘alace: about the last I had a conversation with Mr. Main about the man, | facture of oil and grease; afew days afterwards Ih. another conversation about buying the right to manuft ture and sell said ofl and grease in Philadelphia and oth i States; in March following Mr. Main represented to 1 that he was the only person who made this kind of grea, and the inventor of the oil exhibited in the Cryst Palace—in fact, he represented himself to be the i| ventor of both grease and oil; he informed me that | had, several years before, a factory, arid manufactur the of] and sold it in this city; he ehowed me a book — which was an account of sales, and exhibit in the same book a sum total of figures, whi amounted to about $8,000 for one year’s cale, and t' expenses amounted to ubout $2,500, which he said w) the cost of putting up machinery and material for ma, wfacture, leaving him w net profit of over $5,000. T; mill was burned down, which stopped his manufacto: he said this grease could be made at a cost of less thi {wo cents a pound; Mr. Maia informed me he had a piled for two patents, one making greage, and the oth ‘or oil, but wished to rely more on the secret of makit than on the patent, as without this secret the artic could not be made; in reference to the cost of makir the oil, Main said it could be made to cost from ten cen up to fifty cents, according to the mode of distilling; th rocess of converting the oil into was compar. ely trifling, as one man could some ten or twent barrels a day} in a Ietter he wrote to me he said ‘a ma could make eight barrels a day; Mr. show me a specimen of his oil, over to the Bowery, thei Reims ig in several col and he rv resented that the oil worked well in"all colors; he als fold me that the painting in his own office was done wit his oil; Mr. Lee and myself were to pay Mr. Main $15,00 for the patent and secret for making the said oil ‘an ;, that amount was talked about to be paid in cash F"Gon't think inducement was 0, annum! that his business income was about $12,000 7 his. fail, expenses were $4,000, leaving. him a profit of $8,000 that he never built until he had sufficient money gp han tomeet the expenses. f Question—What statements were made by the defen dant, to duce you to endorse and deliver the drafts t: him? A. Upon’ the whole matter ; he said he coulc show us the secret, his assertions about his responsibili ty, about owning the house in Bond street, also about his own business, his conversation about bui its influence, and his general conduct, and he would zeturn us back the drafts if’ he did not perfect. ly satisfy The case stands adjourned to one day this week. 4 Pretended Sin of a Britith Peer in the Tombs. —Of8- cer Evans, of the Fifth ward police, yesterday arrested a| Young Englishman calling himeelf Arthur Flower, charged With stealing a pocket book containing about $12, and & draft for $16¥, on a firm in Fulton street, the propert; of Frederick Walker, residing at No. 161 Chambers street According to the evidence given by the complainant, it! seems the accused was boarding at the same house and oceupicd the same room ; that on last Wednesday night! they both retired to bed and fastened the room door: Walker when he undressed himself placed the coat con. taining his pocketbook on a chair near his bed; at about daylight he reached for his coat and took therefrom the Pocketbook and placed the same under his pillow; he then dozed off to sleep again; a short. time after he says that he felt some one pushing his pillow, and on wakin up he saw the accused close to his bed; soon after he le: the room, aud Walker got up, but on’ looking under the pillow he found that the pocketbook had be-n stolen. Subsequently suspicion rested-on the aecused and he was accordingly taken into custody yesterday on the charze. The prisoner had been boarding at the above named house in Chambers street for some six weoks past, and represented he was a clerk in the employ of Mz. Joveph ott, pen manufacturer, No. 91 John strect. A few days ago a letter was found on the piano in. the parlor, left, as was thought by mistake unsealed by the prlconer, Which has given rise to the rumor that Mr. Flower is the fen of a British nobleman. The following is a copy of tue er — Dran Frvz:—I have placed to Your account $15,000, and it FA wish for any moreyou will only write tome. Tam keep- ingupimy i, ilo here, and no one suspects me to be the #00 of ore of the richest peera of the Ei lish realm, i pera etter, hich on fee ince shows evidence Of boing us, wae ineeribed, Lord Fi onnagau- nis Hotel, Montreal, Canada.” “anit paleo In spite of this letter and the intimation that soner was the son of # peer, Justice Bogart coi his lordship to a ceit in the ‘Tombs for trial on th preferred against him. A Disorderly Houve on the Sabbath. Martia, and others of the r noon entered a house kept the pri- mmitted 2 charge —Officers. Dowling, ved corps, enterany after- @ Jew, in ; where it was allezed the lantlord permitted driuving ant gambling on the Christian Sabbath, Twenty-two of the inmates were taken to the Tombs, before Justice Bo- gart, who required the landiord to find bail, and the in- mates wore discharged on peomise of better conduct ia ni un ting Practices in the Park,—Two of the Chief's corps on Sunday afternoon arrested a French. man, named Jules Maxime Geth, whom the officers caught in the act of disgusting practices in the rear of Dill through at the expiring moments of the session, at midnight, and against the most solemn and earnest pro tests of the Senator c ney Who are to be effected by mh The question was then ( pectation, the motion te was.defeated by a and Bir. Pu first silver triumph Both houses assemble a: ¢ o'clock on Monda ing. Many members of House returned omes this evening, thiaking that tho public ads upon their servioos, after ha monine! on duty without pay for three days and There are a large number of bills etiil ‘in the hands of the Governor, most of which Me will undoubtedly sign. There are many of such a character as will ether } ® veto or retaining in his possession after the adj men ken, and, contra er the blil to « whole s ight. ; Hopkins, Brooks and Danforth are the to investigate the eharges agalost Colum! College. In discussing the _ propriety of» the examination, it was oonfessod by | Work that oyery college iy jhe goum, ° | along tho Fndsen, have complete the City Hall. The acensed was tnken.to the Tombs, be fore Justice Bogart, when he acknowk his guilt, and said he was a waiter in the employ of Mrs. Langdon’ of Astor place, and begged the magistrate to allow hin> togo. ‘Tho magistrate refused the appeai, and on the evidence given by the officers, required the prigoner to find bail in the sum of $300 to answer the charge at ° court. In defuult of giving bail ye was committed to the Tombs. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. 106 Founta Avaxug, April 15, 1854, Sm—Seetng in your paper of to-day an articls headed * Another Duel,’ I, as one of the gentlemen referred to, beg you will unqualifiedly contradict it, the account is question, although amusingly written, ing One neces sary ingredient, viz., truth, it boing false concerning the origin, progress and result of the quarrel. Your obedient servant, WM. ANDREWS. Tux Io Cror.—The ice sompantes at Albany and ' their wintor harvest ‘The quantity obtaingd was gover larger, and the quality ds excellent,