The New York Herald Newspaper, April 17, 1854, Page 3

venient an, to delay this (ees, hear.) “But then some honorable gentlemen say: ‘Ob, you are supy ing Mshomedanism it Christianity.’’ Now, that has nothing to do with the reat question which Europe is now about to settle. In the first place I contend—and the argument , I believe, by the Hon. snember for Aylesbury—that, however you may wish these vast fertile regions, the favored mn of the earth, might be ruled by a Christian government and filled by a Christian Xion, in the present state of these countries the jomedan race is the only one which can keep that country together as one empire and govern it as such. ‘The Christian population, as every one who understands the subject is well aware, is divided into religious sects, into national divisions, into such minute fragments—no one of them sufficiently powerful to rule over the whole, and no one of them inclined to submit with tranquillity to the government of another—that the Turkish govern- ment affords the only method by which these great coun- trick can be kept under one independent head. The real question, however, is not what you would wish to put in the place of the Turkish empire, but that which iz are determined shall not be established there (hear, ; not what might, but what, for the interesta ofall Europe, ought not’ to be. (Hear, hear.) That which | thiak ought not to be—that which I hope all Europe will take care shall not be—is the transfer of these countries to the sceptre of Russia. Thatis what I trust the Powers of Europe haye determined shall never take e honorable member for Manches- hat are our interests in this page and he re- Guests me to explain to him, the meaning of the expres- sion “the balance of power.” Now, the honorable mem- ber for Manchester and{differso much upon almost every question involving principles, (‘‘Hear,’? am laughter,) that Iam afraid I shall not be able to gratif him by explaining what is the meaning of the expression, because I think that ag Spe of his unquestionable abilities, of his extensive knowledge, who has arrived at his time of life (a laugh), and has ‘not by his intuitive ption acquired a correct madeeaiencing of what eae by “the balance of power,” ia not likely to be tly enlightened by my humble efforts. (Loud joes r.) Why, sir, call it the balance of power, or what you will, the idea is one familiar to the mind of man, and which bas influenced the conduct of all mankind from the earliest ages. The balance of power means only this —that a number of weaker states combine together to prevent one strong one from acquiring a power which shall be dangerous to their liberties, their independence, and their freedom of action. It is the doctrine of self- preservation: it is the doctrine of self-defence, with this simple qualification—that it is combined with saga- city and with foresight—that you endeavor to prevent an imminent danger before it comes thundering at your gates. (Cheers.) 1 know that the honorable member is £0 attached to his principles that he thinks peace is of all things the best, and war of all boy the worst. I happen to be of opinion that there are things for which peace may be advantageously sacrificed, and that there are calamities which nations may endure still worse than war. (Hear, hear.) This has the opinion of men of all ages, whose conduct has been admi by their contemporaries, and has obtained for them the approba- tion of posterity. (Cheers.) ‘The honorable member for Manchester, however, always reduces everything to a question of pounds, shillirgs, and pence. (Loud cheers and laughter.) I verily believe that if this country were threatened with an immediate invasion, likely to end in ite conquest, the honorable member would sit down with ® piece of paper before him, and put down on one side of the account the contributions which his L bojctrete would require from him for the de- fence of the liberties and independence of his ceuntry, and on the other side he would put down the probable contributions which the general of the invading army might levy upon Manchester, (loud laughter); and if he found, on balancing that account, that it Would be cheaper (laughter) to be conquered than to be laid under contribution for defence, he would give his vote against going to war for the liberties and independence of the country, rather than bear his share in the expenditure which it would entail. (Hear, and a Jaugh.) ‘That “might be the hon. gentleman's opinion, and he has, no doubt, a perfect right to it, but it is not the general feeling of the country. (Loud cheers.) ‘Therefore I look with as much confidence for the vote of this House and for the support of the country in favor of a policy which the government has by necessity been compelled to adopt, as if the very eloquent—and very eloquent certainly it was—but somewhat hypothetical speech of the hon. gentleman had never been uttered. real question, however, which we have to consider is, not whether Musselman is better or worse than Christian —it is not whether it is desirable to hasten more or less ‘those int 1 reforms which must, sooner or later, take place in the Turkish empire—not that we have pro-- posed to Turkey a convention containing exactly the rame dictations which we have urged her to reject in the case of Russia. Nothing of the sort has been done; the sey is not whether, sooner or later, these reforms shall pl ice in Turkey, (for they must hes: dor places) But the question we have to consider ts this—whether Europe 3 to lie prostrate at the fect of one great overwhelming Power (hear); whether one ‘Power is to bestride the globe, from north to south, from the Baltic to the Mediterrancan, to dic- tate to Germany and_ to domineer over Turhey, to have the whole of the restof Europe at its mercy to deal’ with as it 3 or whether that Porer shall be taught that there are imits to the ambition even of a Orar (cheers), to the con- guests even of s milttary empire of which one may say t the whole territory is one great camp and the popu- lation one regimental depot; that in spite of the power which the sovereign may be able to sway, in spite of the military resources which he is able to command, there oes exist in Europe a respect for the principle of nation- al independence, that there docs exist in the Rowers of Earope a determination to resist overwhelming enctoach- ments in any one Power, be that Power what it may, and that we are able, as we are willing, by arms—as resort to arms has become necessary—to maintain by land and by sea the liberties of Europe and the independence of na- tions. (Loud and continued cheering.) STATE OF FEELING IN ST. PETERSBURG— THE POSITION OF AUSTRIA—OPERA TION IN THE BLACK SEA. ‘om the Londen News, April 6.) another difficulty to deal with. His own The Crar subjects—as ing a spirit of unmistakeable discontent in that city. ‘They do not want, the war! Why should they? They—the people—will have to pay the piper. Their bi le a of their despot’s lust of domi- nion. The tra: ders of St. Petersburg have lost their cus- * tomers—the landlords of Russia have had their glo cut off for want of their usual advances, made chiefly by English merchants on the raw produce of Russian cs- tates, At the same moment those landlords are ordered we learn from St. Petersburg—are manifest- | andtheir | amoney will be shed in the worst of all possible causes— | the oie to pay additional taxes, and the serfs to’ contribute addi- | tional recruits tothe armies. What wonder that should be disorntent in St. Petersburg, and that the Autocrat should have found it needful to forbid the meeting in the ite of groups of more than two persons? The pear is ripening. Yesterday the Russian journal again tried the credulity of its readers, by once more foisting upon them a report furbished up for the purpose of insinuating that Russia is still willing to negotiate. The Emperor—‘so run: the fable’’—has declared that, if the allies cana obtain from the Porte guarantees jfor the immunities of its Christian subjects, he will withdraw his troops from the Danubian provinces, on condition that the French and English fleet: at the same time withdrawn from the Black Sea. Asa prelude to this piece of news, the Rus- Crom tas inflicted w _ its Raroreg te ete and comment on the prospects of the war upon which mele now entering. What Russia or its emis- saries can dream of gaini falsehood about pacitic and unambitious views after the posit irs of the Russian governm has been 80 thoroughly exposed—after its mask ‘deen so roughly and effectually torn off, and when it already stands on “the perilous edge of bhattle’’—is almost inexplicable, ex- cept upon the assumption that disuso of the faculty of peeking: truth has superinduced an incapacity to employ | it. One enly conceivable object is tuyere that the Czar can | have in such affectation. His profession of moderation and desire for the maintenance of peace may be of use to ‘Austria. The Emperor of Austria hinted that the passage of the Danube by the Russians might possibly indace him to adopt a more active policy of opposition to them. ‘The Russians have crossed the Danube : what is under- stood to be the language of Austria now? Its govern- ment is said to have discovered that its implied threat in the event of the Russians crossing the Danube was ut- tered on the understanding that the movement was to ‘be made, all cther matters remaining in sfatu quo, and with a view to permanent acquisitions of Turkish terri- tory. The cecupation of the Dobrudscha, it is alleged, does not appear to have this latter object in view, and has ta- ken place subsequently to the declaration of hostilities by France and England. This evasive answer has not yet been ofl made by Austria, but an im- pression preyails widely that some such answer will be yeturned by that faithless government as soon as it may ‘be called upon to declare explicitly its intentions now that the Danube has been crossed by the Russians, and Such an answer would ‘be exactly in keeping with the hereditary policy of Austria, It is high time that France and England were peremptorily demanding an explana- tion of the course Austria intends to pursue. thas no intention to remain long inactive. There is, in- ‘by this persistence in their | Clearly it | deed, no faith to be placed in the rumors circulated by | some German an = the bie ee oe ite @ bridge across the Danube, near Belgrade, though the volunteer offer made some time a, by Austria to occu- | Servia and Bosnia, ‘if requisite to preserve the in-- ity of the Turkish dominions,’’ always wore ® suspicious look. But there seems no reason to doubt the truth of the news from Vienna, that the movement of Austrian troops to the south- eastern frontier has been resumed. Are these troops intended to act inst Russia or for Rus- sia? It may be too late to ask when thoy haye all been assembled on the frontier of Transylvania, and therefore the question ought to be put immediately. A glance at the map will show that 40 long as the Russians continued to move up their forces in the direction of Kalefat, they had the Turkish army of the Danube on one flank, and the Austrian troops in Tranayl- vania on the other. Could any trust be re in the sincerity of Austria, the occupation of the Do- brudja by the Russian troops might wear the aspect of a belief on the part of their commanders in the inimical intentions of Austria, and a desire to with- draw their army from between two fires. But the taking up of this new position by the Russians may ‘explained by an intention on their part to Jeave the Western field Gf operations against Turkey | free to Austria, as wa done by the Russians in the war terminated by the treaty of Sistowa. In all the aalculations of the Western Powers it ought never to be left out of account that acoord- ing to Austrian notions Russia is » more natural and use- ful ally than France and England. Russia, like Austria, clings to the policy of absolutism, while France and Eng” Jand are incurably biassed by the opinions of the nine- teenth century. If Austria quarrel with France and England it is likely to lose its Italian possessions—a loss more humiliating to its pride than injurious to its strength—whereas a quarrel with Russia would ensure the loss of Hungary, the Hossession of which has been, ever since the abdication of Charles V., the main, if not the sole source of the power of the House of Austria. ed ag Austria ts, ite opey adhesion to the | force of the Crete Rae not, under any circumstances, | treaty or convention had been negotiated between Aus- i nen with Englan cause of Russia would little affect the balance of Austria, allowed fore, to be lost in demanding from the Ave! ment a declaration of its inten’ i. Meanwhile there can be no doabt that the true of France and England is # act as if the main charge an: burden of the war had devolved upon them, and instead of losing time in mere defensive demonstrations, to strike immediately at the enemy a blow that will be felt. the recent change in the position of the Russian troo on the Danube, Odessa has become more than it formerly was the main point upon which the operations of that army must turn. Witha view to this fact, the news of the combined jteets having arrived off Varna, announced by Sir James Graham on y evening, does not come a moment | toosoon. A report that Russian tr from Odessa had short time previously been landed at the mouth of the Dan- ube requires to be contradicted for the honor of our Eng- lish ‘Admiral. At all events, with regard to the future, the Russians can no longer be allowed to make,the Black Sea their highway for convey ing reinforcements to their army onthe Danube. On the 2ist of January the Fury was prevented from approaching Odessa by the ice; but the advance of the season has now removed that obstacle. Odessa is not strongly fortitied; it might easily be cap- tured by the combined fleets; and if occupied by the troops of the allies would place the Russian army assem- bled in the Dobrudscha, and the adjoining Moldavian and Wallachian territories, ina truly perilous position. This would effectually pisee the Russians between two fires, and leave them only a narrow, and, (at this season,) ex: bossy difficult strip of territory through which to re- ceive their supplies. Odessa, too, it must be kept in mind, can scarcely be called a Russian town. A fact mentioned by « recent traveller—that at the corners of all the streets Italian translations of the Russian names are placed under them—is a seriking illustration of this fact. The allied troops wou!d not find themselves alto- gether amon; hostile population in Odessa. THE POSITION OF THE GERMAN POWERS AND THE OPERATIONS OF THE RUSSIANS ON THE DANUBE. Meher) the London Times, April 5.) The chief interest in the present situation of affairs abroad is divided between two subjects ot equal impor- tance to thé general interests of Europe and to the con- duct of the war—the one is the policy of the German Powers, 80 far as it can be ascertained from the informa- tion transmitted to us from Berlin, and the other the po- sition now assumed by the Russian army on the right bank of the Danube. To these subjects We sball succes- sively direct our attention. The aspect of affairs in Germany, and even at the court of Prussia, is somewhat more rable to the ex- pectations of the Western Powers and the gene- ral interests of Europe. The committee of the Chamber to which the demand of the Prussian Set for a loan of thirty millions of dollars had en referred, agrees to report unanimously in favor of the vote; but the resolution adopted by the committee expressly states that, to meet the imminent danger of war, the Chamber cannot refuse to vote the supplies re- quired to defend the honor and independence of the country, inasmuch as the King’s & nment has de- clared ‘that it intends to persevere for the future in the course of policy followed up to this time in conjunction with the Cabinets of Vienna, Paris and London, but more especially with Austria and the German Stater—namely, tolabor for the restoration of peace, on the basis of right, as it has been laid down in the protocols of Vienna, and reserving to itself the power of deciding in favor of an active intervention.” On these grounds the Chamber sanctions the law ena- bling the State to contract this loan for extra- ordinary military purposes. Jf would have been pre- ferable if this declaration had originated with the Cabi- net rather than the Chamber; for the Crown and its Ministers can hardly be said to be bound by the resolu- tion of a Committee of Supply, and Baron Manteuffel confined himself to » statement that the Prussian Cabinet would continue to use its efforts for the restoration of pence in conjunction with France, England, and Austria. jut we take this resolution to be a creditable proof of the desire of the Prussian Legislature to support the po- sition of the kingdom in Europe, and an expression of pas opinion which even the court would not find it safe oppose. At the same time Baron Hess has arrived in Berlin on a special mission of great importance from Vienna, and it is said that his instrections have had considerable effect in ar beeen the resolution of the Prussian government. e rumor that a separate tria and Prussia is believed to be premature, if not alto- gether unfounded, though probably these Powers ma: ¢ measures to renew the convention of Olmuts, which was concluded in 1851, and expires in May next; but the Prussian government seems rather more favorable to the adoption of another protocol, to be’signed at Vien- na by the four Powers, for the purpose of uniting them with greater precision in the course they have to pursue. ‘The effect of such a protocol would be to constitute a positive engagement on the part of the German powers not to take any active measures adverse to the causo of the Western States, and it would lay the basis of a nearer allisnce, to which subsequent events might give more activity and importance. In “‘e: with the German courts the ministers of France and England ed te to us to have shown great skili and discretion in allowing them to advance at their own slow and faltering pace, without retarding on that account our own more vigor- ous preparations. Sooner or later, we trust that by the growing public opinion of Europe, by the fresh diselo- sures of Russian duplicity, and the fresh incursions of the Bussian armies, the German Powers will be compelled to join us, and we only hope that they will not wait to do with danger and discredit what they might have done esrlier with safety and with honor. The production of the “Secret and Confidential Correspondence’ has had an immense effect in every part of the Continent. and more especially at Vienna, for it turns out tha’ at the very time when the Emperor ye Russia was making these communications to Sir Hamilton Sey- mour, his minister at Vienna was holding languaye 4 @ totally different character to the Imperial court indeed, the documents published by the British government have enabled more than one of the conti- nental cabinets to correct its estimate of the sincerity and good faith of Russian diplomacy in its intercourse with the rest of Europe. With reference to the last communication alleged to have been made by the Em- peror of Russia to the court of Prussia, we can on!y remark, that if it were sineere, and if it had been made when Count Urioff proceeded to Vienna, it might have contributed to the restoration of peace, but, taken in conjunction with the events now occurring in the a it cam only be regarded as afresh attempt to impose on the credulity of the King of Prussia. Another cause which gives a still stronger and more reasing impulse to the policy of the German Cabinets Inthe decided advance of the Russian forces on the Lower Danube. It is now beyond all doubt that the mouths of that great European river are completely held by the Russians; the St. George’s mouth has been ren- dered impassable; the Sulina mouth is barricaded by a chain, in addition to the bar of mud 0 nd which ‘the Russians have allowed to accumulate; Mhd the occupation of the forts on the right bank is evidently intended to secure to Ruasia an absolute command of the riv The angle or delta of the Danube from Czernawoda to Galatz, ant along the shore of Bessarabia to the sea, was de- fended on the river side by the forts of Hirsova, Matschin, TIsaktcha and Tultscha; and all these points seem to have been taken or invested by the Russians between the 23d andthe 28th of March. They crossed the Danube in three or four divisions, at’ or opposite Brailow, Galats, and Ismail, on bridges formed at these differents points upon rafts moored in the stream, the whole operation being under the immediate command of General Luders, acting under the orders of Prince Gortschakoff and General Schilder. At Matschin the Russians suffered some loss by the fire from the Turkish batteries; but the Turks are stated to have evacuated their entrenchments in the ensuing night. At Galatz, General Luders crossed in person, without opposition, at the head of irteen battalions. General Outschakoff e1 countered a more vigorous resistance in his pas- sage from Ismail to Tultscha, where the troops had to land under fire, and the Turkish intrenchments on the right bank were taken by assault, with consider- able loss, Tultscha is not in a condition to offer a long resistance, for the fort which existed there till 1820 was destroyed by the Russians at the close of the last war, and the works which have been reconstructed are less favorably situated towards the river. Matschin and Isaktcha might have required more regular operations, but they, too, seem to have fallen, and they were too sinall and unimportant to offer any serious obstacle to the advance of a large army. The loss of Hirsova has yet to be explained; but it seems clear that the whole of the Dobrudscha, including the post of Baba- Dagh, is in possession of the Russians, who have probably before this assailed the Dyke ‘or Wall of ‘rajan, and may proceed, if successful tre, to lay siege to Silistria itself. The distance from the of the Danube to Karasu, at the centre of Trajan’s lines, is only seventy-two miles, and from Karasu to Silistria about fifty more. If the left wing of the Russian arm: succeeds in turning Silistria they will materially facil tate the crossing of the river by the centre of the army at Turtukai, because the Turkish position may be assail- ed from two sides at once. For several reasons, ho ever, the occupatioa of this district is of doubtful a vantage. It and its sable at this season by the thaw. To retain thousand men in such ® country is impossib they are hemmed in by the sea on one side, th Dannbe on the other, and the enemy in front. ‘Any serious check to the Russian army in might have incalculable consequences not concur in the opinion that the Russian commanders have caused this important operation to be made only for the purpose of advancing their front and maintaining a defensive attitude; and, at any rate, it is highly im- tant to resist their . e intrenchment neva by the name of the Vallum Trajani is said to form a strong line of defence, and it is precisely the sort of position which the Turks are went to hold against an enemy with great energy and success. We hope that the forces on the right wing of Omar Pacha’s army are equal to the duty mow required of them, and the presence of « t of the allied fleets off Kostendjc and Varna must ma- jerially assist in the defence of const. ATTITUDE OF THE CENTRAL POWERS. [From the Londen Chronicle, April 5.] The report of the committee of the Prussian Chamber on the loan demanded by the government, strikingly illus- trates the national sympathy with the cause of the Western Powers. The influence of the court and of the ministry has not been sufficient to obtain an arabe of ‘ose places and of the the neutral policy wiefth Russia desires to enforce upon Germany. members of the committee consider that there is imminent danger of gwar, and they profess their ent will continue to ce- confidence that the f France and Austria; but, before their sanction to the loan, they deemed it neces- sary to receive an assurance from the ministry that the be cy 4 on the side of Russia. [t unfortunately happens that, in many parts of the continent, the sup- pored interest of the ruling dynasty is diametrically opposes to that of the nation; but it seems impossible that the feelings and convictions of the German people should remain he hp a powerless. The sympathy of certain courts with St. Petersburg is founded on the Loe of obtaining, should occasion call for it, Russian aid against their own eubjects; but it is. short-sighted policy to create disaffection tious dependence on a foreign and unpopular alliance, Th It of thi continued perlin end Vienna will probably soon te kacen, “arene apenntime, if is no} gurprising that the mont contradig, | tory rumors are circulated as to the intentions of both ments, and of Austria. There is reason £ doubt, however, whether the attitude to be assumed with ‘to Russia forms the principal subject of dis- eussion the two courts. It may be thought more important, on the eve of a general war, to ob- | tain mutual guarantees against internal disturbances; and the general question of neutrality will perhaps be tlon may be left open, althoug’ ¢ phrases of moderat used for the maneaete icipating the remonstrances Russia. It is imy ible to reconcile the rumored occupa- tion of Servia by Austrian troops with the assertions which haye been #0 confidently made, that the court of Vienna will refuse to join the Western powers. Such a measure, on the part of an ally of Turkey might be deem- €d admissible, or even beneficial; but whleas It were un- dertaken in avowed hostility to Russia, it would amount to a declaration of war against the allies. Servia is still a dependency of the Porte; and the treaties which gave Russia a right of interfering in its affairs are altogether atanend. An Austrian occupation of the province with- out the consent of the Turkish government, would too strongly resemble a first step in the partition of the Ot- toman ‘empire to be countenanced or tolerated by the Western Powers. Count Buol has repeatedly declared that the neutrality of his government would terminate as soon as the Rus- sions crossed the Danube; and it is not to be supposed that so distinct a pledge will be evaded on the pretext that the declaration of war by England and France has fastidea the recent movements of the invaders. It has ng been evident that © rupture must take place between the Court of St. Petersburg and the Western Powers; and it was after the call of Baron Bronow and of M. de Kis- seleff that the Emperor Francis Joseph demanded from Count Orloff a pledge that the imperial army should re- mainon the left bank of the river. ‘The advance which has now been effected corresponds, in all its circumstances, with the movement against which Austria protested; nor can any one imagine that, if Gen. Luders had marched into the Dobrudscha before the declaration of war, and while negotiations were still pending, the court ‘of Vienna would have commenced hostilities its own account. If, indeed, the protest against the passage of the Danube had been made in pursuance of the solications of the allies, or from a regard to any arbitrary point of honor, it would not have been surprising that excuses should be found for escaping from an inconvenient obligation; but the same motives of interest which dictated all the pledges which have been given, still exist in yndiminish- ed force. The opportunity of reopening the Danube, or of preventing it from being finally closed to Germany, is still presented by the war; and a great military Power cannot rely on comparative strangers for the protection of her own frontier and vicinity. The pomag A proposals wiich are said to have arrived at Berlin from St. Petersburg <= possibly serve to satisfy 8 feeble conscience anda sophistical understanding that it is still lawful to keep terms with Russia. But no ge rious statesman will notice the Czar’s affectation of readi- nees to make peace, on the ground that the Sultan has already consented fo remove certain disabilities of his Christian subjects. It must be remembered that Russia has never either recommended or encouraged the mea- sures which have been so realously promoted by Lord de Redcliffe, and which have been finally completed on the recommendation of the French and English govern- ments. The complaints urged by the Emperor Nicholas against the Porte refer exclusively to the dispute be- tween the members of the Greek church and the fol- lowers of other Christian communions. It was against French influence, and the alleged encroachments of the Latin rite, that Count Nesselrode and the Crar himself originally remonstrated; and the Menschikoif demands related to the privileges of the Greek clergy, and to the | pretensions of Russia to protect and enforce them. It would be utterly inconsistent with all that has passed, if the establishment of equality between Christians and Mussulmans were treated as a satisfaction of the claims which have given rise to the present dispute. sian government has refused to answer the requisition for the evacuation of the Principalities—war has consequent- | ly been declared—and England and Franco will not pause | in the operations which they have been forced to under- | take, merely because it is rumored that the demand which bas been rejected might, under certain contingen- | cies, be admitted. For, strange as it may appear to those who have no | sympathy with the general feeling, the two greatest States of Europe are not afraid of the adversary whom they are about to engage. The warlike zeal of England | and France will assuredly not be checked by truisms as to the expense and uncertainty of the struggle, such as those which Lord Grey, Lord Derby, and their echoes in the press have on various occasions enunciated. The war is unwelcome, and may probably be costly, but the burden which it imposes on tho allies is insignificant compared with the injury which they have the power of inflicting on the enemy. The whole naval establishment of Russia, involving her supremacy in the Black Sea and | the Baltic, is at this moment exposed to the gravest risk; While the Western Powers are able, without any extra: | ordinary exertion, to assume the offensive in both seas. say success on the part of the enemy would be a loss | and a discredit to France and England, but it would not seriously impair their power; whilst, on the other hand, thepdestruction or capture of any part of the enemy's | fleet would be altogether irreparable. On land, also, the disparity of the sacrifices required of the respestive belligerents is not less conspicuous. The Turkish armies on the Danube and in Asia are pro- bably equal in numbers to those by which they are at present opposed; and were it not for their want of expe- rienced officers, the invading force would enjoy no eater superiority in quality than in numerical strength. “p to the present period, 20,000 French or English sol. diers could, at any moment, have decided the fortune of the campaign. Four times that number are about to en- ter on the scene of action; and yet the resources of the Western Powers have not hitherto been seriously tried. If double the force should become requisite, it will be forthcoming; and the sea furnishes the means of con- veying troops to any point which may be desired, long before corresponding reinforcements can be moved for: ‘ard from the interior ef Russia. The blockade of the jorts in the Euxine and the Paitic will almost extinguish the enemy’s commerce xwhile the conscription will op- press the peasantry and impoverish and irritate the gentry. The allies will have to provide for the necessary expenses of the war; but by far the greater their sources of revenue and of strenst™ Will altogether untouched BELGIUM. Aavices from Belgivm mention that the late intimation of the Moniteur that the Emperor of Russia made over- {ures to the Emperor of the French of a similar kind to thore rejected by the British cabinet, had produced o very unpleasant feeling in government circles there. ‘They state, as if they had some grounds for the astertion, that the bait that was held out was the delivering over of Belgium and Holland to France's supposed cupidity of conquest, and the peculiar disgracefulness of such a rocceding in the case of Holland, with which court and Rossia there exist so many ‘ties of ‘relationship, is duly dwelt upon. It is beter, observe that these two countries as firmly believe that they were the victims elect of Russia as Prussia does. It would be desirable that the Monitevr should not make any more precise communications, for they would almost of necessity re- duce the number of those who at present feel themselves | aggrieved by Russia. engrecn! i THE OCCUPATION OF THE DOBRUDSCHA | BY THE RUSSIANS, {mong military men, as well as politicians, say. Paria letter, the passage of the Lower Danube by the Russians is generally regarded as a defensive movement, to main- tain their fine of operations, and provide against any ca- sualties that may fake place at the mouth of the Danube | remain or in Bessarabia; and, though it fs announced that the sinall forts of Isaktcha and Hirsova, and the town of Baba Dagh, haye been occupied by the’ enemy, it is doubted here whether thoy wil to Trajan’s Ditch, which extends from Rassova to Kos- tendje. It is quite clear that the centre of the Russian operations have been displaced by the establishment of the headquarters at Hirsova. The Russians are about half way from the point where Turks appear to have. | established their first real line of defence between tho Danube and the Black Sea, with their left resting on Ras- | sova, their right on Kostendje, and their centre at Kara- | ournon. It is affirmed that that position, on which vestiges of the old Roman fortifications still exist, is well furnished with artillery, and otherwise defended. Our only information as yet, however, proceeda from Ruasian sources, and we have to wait for further intelligence in order to form a judgment of these new military oper: tions. Private telegraphic despatches announce that so far from Omer Pacha being taken unawares by t movement, it had been foreseen, and no doubt provided | for, as it is stated that twenty thousand men have march- ed from Silistria, and anotler body from Shurols, with | the object of strengthening the position, which already | had from, twenty-tive thousand to thirty thousand men | to defend tt, | The following is an account of this desolate district, | which has suddenly risen into interest and importance:— At Tehernayoda the Danube approaches within thirty- four miles of the Black Sea, but is separated from it by @ peninsula or tongue of high land, extending north, nearly opposite to Galatz, called Dobrudecha. From Tehernavoda a road runs to Koatendje, on the Black Sen, partly parallel with a stream, or rather a chain of lakes, calied Karasn. At Bourlack (four hours,) the stream ceares, and the valley is shut in by hills crowned with downs, from which the sea is visible, Kostendje (Con- stenting») «small village on & height above the shore, haga little port, with remains of a Roman mole, now de- stroyed. From'a point a little south of this to Rassova, on the Danube, runs a rampart of earth called Trajan’s Wall. It is certain that mo branch of the Danube ever flowed into the sea across this tongue of land, which pre- rents on the side of the sea an uninterrupted range of venture to continue their march | | Bermuda during the greater part of the other half-year. low hills wnd cliffs. The district of the Dobrudacha is at most Feagons a wilderness, partly owing te its having been Ceprived of its Tartar inhabitants, after 1820, by the Rus- | sians, but partly owing to its subsoil, which, excepting te | the north extremity, where rise the hills of Matachin, (gra- , nite?), consiste of porous limestone, which retains no wa- | ter, and furnishes no springs on the surface. Populatiov | and villages wide scattered, and drinking wate | d only-through a few deep wells, Corn is scarcely cultivated at nil, hay and fodder are very scarte, | the scanty herbage dries up early in the summer, and flocks of sheep and herds of buffalo repair to the bonters of the Danube for pasture. ‘This desert extends south of the Wall of Trajan, nearly as far as Basarjik and Varna. It is not tenable by troops, unless they carry food, forage and water with them. A canal was at one time Le poo between the Danube at Tchernavoda and the Black Sea at Kostendje, but a survey made bya Prussian engineer proved that the head of the valley of Karasu was 164 feet above the sea, and that not a drop of water was to be obtained on the summit level (limestone hills) to feed a canal, if it were made. The Very Latest. FRANCE. Parrs, Tuesday, April 4, 1854. ‘The Legislative body has sanetioned, by « majority of 184 to 51, the institution of a prosecution against Mon- talembert. The Central Jewish Consistory of France has petitioned the Emperor to extend the privileges about to be ob- tained for the Christians in Turkey to Jows who may be subjects of the Sultan. ‘The funds rore at the Bourse. Threes closed at 62.45; Four and a half per Cente closed at 88.80, OREROR, Atiens, March 31, 1854. Gen. Canrobert has arrived with two French steamers which will take in coal. Provera is blockaded. | 4 doubifal report states that Arta le io want of provi- sions, and that the citadel of Suki has been taken by the Greeks. Moumen, March 27, 1854. The Ambassador of Greece, M. Schinos, had a private audience of the king a few days ago, which lasted five | hours. The ambassador has left for Vienna, and from that city will proceed to Berlin. The object of his jour- ney is to demand from the German Powers to protest against ‘encroachments of the Western Powers on the independence of Greece and her king.” TUE NEW PROPOSITION OF THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA. Berun, Monday, April 1, 1854. Prince George of Mecklenburg Strelitz arrived here yes- terday, the bearer of a letter from the Emperor of Rus- sia to the King of Prussia, in answer to the mission of General Lindheim. Its tenor is as follows;—When the Western Powers suc- ceed in securing the emancipation of the Christians in Turkey by treaty, the Czar will be willing to evacuate the | Principalities simultaneously with the evacuation of the | Euxine by the combined fleets. Yesterday the fleet was at anchor off Kjoege. Prince Charles of Prussia is appointed General-in-Chief | of the artillery; and Prince Albert is named Admiral, at | the earnest request of the Russian ambassador. ‘The government has authorized the transport to Russia of 1,600 cases of muskets, which had been seized at Bromberg. It is considered probable that there will be one more | sitting of the Conference of Vienna, at which the pleni- potentiaries of Austria and Prussia will come under @ formal engagement as to the course of those two Powers | on the Eastern question. According to other accounts from Berlin, the Czar’s | letter to the King of Pri contains no tangible conces- | sion to Europe. It is chiefly a justification of Russia, and concludes with an intimation that the Western Powers may obtain for him from Turkey redreas of the wrongs of which he complains if they wish him to make peace, TURKEY. ConstaxtixoriE, March 23, 1854. ‘The Sheik-ul-Islam has been deposed. The Sultan has appointed Farik Effendi his successor. Rifaat Pacha has also been dismissed, and Aarif Pacha appointed in his stead as President of the Council. Since the dismissal of the Sheik-ul-Islam the old Turk- ish party have been intriguing for the advancement of Russian interests. SARDINIA. oo Torty, March 25, 1854. A number of Piedmontese officers have applied to the Minister of War for authorization to enter the French service, in order to proceed to the East. The Minister of War is said to have given a negative reply to all these de- mands, because he probably thinks that Piedmont may haye to take its part in the approaching war. RUSSIA. ‘Sr. PererspvrG, March 17, 1854. A second levy of men for 1864 is looked for; it is ex- pected to take place in August, and to deat the rate of | | official’ close of business 8634 to 34 waa the price for At a later hour, | owing to favorable advices from the Paris Bourse, thers | was a further slight improvement, and transactions for | one man upon every hundred of the population. DENMARK. CorgnmaGRy, March 30, 1854. The Danish government has issued a declaration con- taining its definitions of contraband, which includes horses, timber for construction of vessels, tar, copper- plates, sailcloth canvass, hemp, cordage, &e., but not coals; besides, the royal Danish ordinance of May 4, | 1803, is renewed. £0, no Danish pilots, or men acquaint- | ed with the Danish straits and seas are allowed to serve on board the belligerent Powers’ vessels. In the instructions for the commanders of the Danish guardships—frigates Thor (steamer), Thetis, Bellona, Nordenskjold; brigs Holgar Danske (steamer), Galathea, Flora, Mercurius, and Valkyrion—they are instructed to observe a strict neutrality, to protest against the taking of captured war or merchant vessels into Danish ports, but not to oppose it by force, and only to use foree against privateers, The Danish territory is to be con- sidered to extend one Danish sca mile from the coast, except at Kronborg and the river Elbe, at Gluckstadt, where the distance is named as 3,000 ells, (6,000 feet.) MONTENEGRO. The Agram Gazette states that a courier from St. Pe- | tersburg had arrived, bearing positive orders for the Montenegrines to attack the Turkish province of Her- regovina, Russian couriers are passing in rapid #ucces- sion between Russia and Montenegro. The Slave Trade. OPINION OF THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT ON THR AC- QUISITION OF CUDA BY THE UNITED STATES. In the House of Commons on the 4th inat.— Sir G. Pxonx.t moved an address to her Majesty for re- turns of all vessels, their names and tonnage, seized on suspicion of their being engaged in the slave trade, with the name of the captain and the ship that captuscd me same, from the firetday of January, 1853; enliyisy Pisecttey win etaRiron' BBadatituce, and, longitude, and of slaves captured during the same period; and of her Mojesty’s ehips and vessels employed on ‘the coast of Cuba for the prevention of the slave trade, from the 28th day of July, 1853, (the Inst return.) to the latest dates. The House had appointed committee lest session to inquire into the amount paid by this country-for the suppression of the slave trade, and the manner in which the various treatios existing on the subject were carried into effect. That committee, after obtaining very valuable evidence, came to the unanimous conclusion that Spain ought to be re- quired, as far as possible, to carry out the treaties into which she had entered with this country for the suppres- sion of the slave trade, The government of Brazil had already yielded to the representations made to them by her “feet y's government, and 9 very competent witness ‘Braziian—who was examined before the committee, stated that the suypression of this disgraceful traffic was as popular in Brazil as the question of the repeal of the corn laws had been in this country. It was shown; however, before the committee that the continved existence ef the slave trade was mainly attributsble to its encourage- ment in the island of Cuba, for though the Captains- General of that island had professed to endeavor to carry out existing treaties, it was netorious that they had connived at the landing of slgves. It was stated by Captain Hamilton, one of the witnesses examined before the committee, that, in his spinion, if the slave trade with Cuba could be prevented the whole of our cruisers on the const of Africa mightvery safely be withdrawn. The present Captain-General pf Cuba, since the report of the committee had reach him, had expressed his | determination to use all the exertions in_ his power to puta stop to the slave trade. He (sir G. Pechell) | thought, then, that this was the time for her Majesty’s government to take the Captain-General at his word and to test his sincer¥y by keeping up the small 1 squadron stationeJon the shores of Cuba. In 1852 this country had upon tat station six sailing vessels and four steamers, which wiuld be amply sufficient to sup- press the traftic, if they were properly managed ; but in this number was inclued the flagship, a vessel of seven- ty-four guns, which, istead of remaining on the Cuban coast, Was at Halifaxduring one half of the year, and at He (Sir G. PechelY hoped that t maintained on the coast of tubs quadrom would be | to 90. placed under effichnt superintendence. £3,981,941 had been laid out by tis country, besides the expense of the cruisers, to put down the ‘slave trade, and he trusted that no portion sf our ships would be withdrawn from the coast of Cula, Where the slave trade was now con- centrated. Ty ee should show that they could | combat, not ory with the Emperor of Russia, but the slavedealer abo: Mr. Hume mpported the motion. The only committee ; that had eve been unanimous on the subject of the slave | trade was tlat of last year, and their decided conviction | wee tliat rba was the only place where the slave trade now requived to be put down. The conduct of the Bra- | zila bad been inthe highest degree honorable to that | country No slave had tor a long time past been landed in Brazé : the only delinquent that remained was Spain, ond if ber treat: with us were enforced we could at once withdraw twent; from the coast of Afric: Mr. Banitk supported the motion. It was essential that he fraudulent and faithless conduct of the Spanish | govenreent should no longer be permitted. Most as surely, unless she fulfilled her engagements with us, and took care that Cuba should no longer be the grand, smd indeed, sole seat of the slave trade, which she had undertaken to suppress, she could not fairly complain if Jngland took no measures to prevent Cuba from falling | nto the hands of the Americana. Sir J, Gramam said that the unanimity which had | characterized the Slave Trade Committee of last year, in favor of the energetic supproesion of that trade, was the | ‘ect representation of the unanimity which character- | zed the Parliament and people of this country on that subject; and he felt that heshould not have been per- forming his duty, were he not—ss he was in a position to do so—to state that, notwithstanding the great efforts which had been made and were making to prosecute effectually the far in which we were now engaged, we hai not in the least degree relaxed our both on the coast of Cuba and on the coast of Africa to suppress this most nefarious traffic. (Hear hear.) No reduction had been made in the force on eithes Conaha, Cees hear,) and great watchfulness was being aj to suppress the trade at Lagos. He quite ‘agreed that infinite credit was due to the govern- ment of the Brazils for the energetic co-operation which | it bad been, for some time affording us in the sup- pression ofthe slave t ; (Hear, hear.) There was no doubt that the honest ¢o-operation of Spain to the , same purpose would be more efficient than the | efforts of a large squadron of cruizers; and there | was as little doubt that, at present, thie co- | operation was unfortunately withheld, notwith- | standing the solemn engagements into which that country had entered for that purpose, and notwithstand- ing even money considerations Which had been given to her. Clarendon and Lord Howden had not ccased to make the most earnest tations to the govern- mubject, these representations — at ag she if would continue mace, and the mest strenuous ef- forte applied to cause Spain to fulfil her solemn promises; that though he could not at af concur in the proposition that, pny A collateral argument we were to hand over Cuba to the United States, the endeavors of our cruisers | hoth on the coast of Cuba and on tue coast of Africa | should be, if possible, augmented, and every means used | for securing the real co-operation’ of the authorities at | | Cuba. (Hi ‘Wr osnen ) inted out that the honorable member for | laverpesp Bot proponed thas we abowkd hand over { | four or twenty-five ships of es | Mi | | Do. | Mich. Con, Do. Cuba to the United States, but simply su; that if her solemn engagements allowing Cuba to be the focus of the slave not call upon us to i betioren her himself distinctly expression of any opinion as to whether it would be jee or right for America to buy Cuba, for he believed they were more likely to become assed of it oe means than any other ; ut he thought they really atiached #0 muob importance to the suppression of the slave trade as they had always asserted, and as past experience had de- monstrated they did, they would be guilty of, ‘ineon- sistency if they were to offer to defend by their arms the right of Spain to that island. He could not imagine any- thing more calculated to make the Spanish government rsevere in the course she had always adopted with re- ference to the slave trade than to allow her to entertain @ hope that we would interfere to prevent America from becoming possessed of the island of Cubs. (tear, hear.) The Spanish government onght to be made to understand that by parsing the policy she had chosen, disregarding, as she did, the rines of civilization and humanity by continuing the slave trade, she was fast Losi and sympathy of every nation of the civ preparing the way for some strong power to take pos session of that island which she has so scandalously abused. The hon. baronet had said that slavery existed in the United States. That was true, but the slave trade did not exist there. (Hear, hear.) The United States had declared the slave trade to be piracy, and it was not quite candid to put that nation on a par with Spain in keeping up that odious traffic. (Hear, hear.) saying one word about the expediency of giving Cuba to | the United States, or assisting that country to take pos- session of the island, he thought it would be greatly for the interests of humanity if the United States, or any other power that would altogeiher discountenance the slave trade, thould possess it. (Cheers.) Captain Scongt. hoped they were not about to throw a bone of contention before the pals, to be carried across the water and create ill will. He could say nothing of the wisdom or otherwise of the Spaniards being al- lowed to retain Cuba, but he did thank the government for every effort they had made to suppress the slave rade; and he hoped the House would never for; it was very long before the friends of the abolition of that traffic could carry the measure trough Parliament. Financial. [From the London Times, April 5.) Loxpon Monty Marker, Tuesday evening, April 4.— The quotation of gold at Varis is about 3 per mille dis- count, (according to the last tariff,) which, at the bes lish mint price of £8 17s. 10494. per oz. for standard gold, gives an cxchange of 25.001;; and, the exchange at Paris cn London at short being 24.95, it follows that gold is about 0.58 per cent dearer in Paris than in London. The course of exchenge at New York on London for Lills at 60 days sight is 109 per cent, and, the par of ex- change between Engle nd and America being 109 23.40 per cent, it follows that the exchange is nominally 0.58 er cent against England. But, after making allowance for charge#of transport and difference of interest, the present rate leaves no profit on the transmission of gold either way between the two countrica. Although the new intimation on tho part of the Czar of a desire to negotiate through Prussia is now too late, and can only be regarded as another artifice to deceive the German Powers, and to check the vigor of, France and England at the moment when he is preparing for a deci- sive blow, it contributed this morning to increase the upward tendency of the English funds. Consola, which left off yesterday at 8034, were first quoted 863, to and immediatel; dvanced to 803g to Sj. From this there was a reaction to 802, and again a recovery to 865% to 3. The intelligence of the unequivocal rupture vetween Turkey and Greece then brought in some sellers, and the quotation dropped to 8614, but at the money, and 86; for the account. the account took place at 86% to %. Three-and-a- Quarter per Cents left off at 86 to '4 ex. div. for the opening; India stock, 220 to 223; India bonds, 12s. to 5s discount; and Exchequer-bills, 2s, discount to 2s. pre- mium. Foreign securities were steady, witha tendenoy in some cases to advance. An improvement of about 3 per cent took place in Russian Five per Cents, purchases having been made at 89 and 0, while the final quotation was 8! ‘Yhe Four-and-a-balf per Cents left off at 75 to 77. The other bargains comprised—Urazilian Five per Cents, 9034, 91 and 92; the Five per C Three per Cents, 2344, 3 and 3; Peruvian Four-and- Half per Cents, 54; Portuguese Four per Cents, 35; Spa ish New Deferred, 17; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents, 64%, 54 and 5434; and the Four per Cent Certificates. 82 and $234. French scrip remains at 1%s discount. In Turkish serip business is entirely suspended. In the foreign exchanges this afternoon the rate upon Amsterdam was a trifle higher, while Hamburg showed a slight decline, With regard to other places there was ne alteration of importance, excopting in tho caso of St. Petersburg, bills upon which place were in demand, the rate being quoted 32 to 34. The closing quotations from the Paris Bourse to-day showed an improvement of about three-quarters per cent. At Vienna, however, the tendency is towards a relapse from the favorable movement of the past few days, the funds yesterday having declined 1 per cent, while the exchange on London advanced nearly 3 per cent, the rate being 13.52. Commercial Intelligence. ANTHONY, DORI & CO.’S CHRCULAR. Loxvox, April 4, 1854. The general features of the market sites our lust have Leen depression and unceriainty j ‘The wearisome diplomatic negotiations relative to the posession of Turkey, which have crippled the enterneive and the commerce of Bure 10F tue pax welve months, pd the commerected az we have long anticipated, ina Probert baker haa produesd a deep impres- Scclaration Of Zuai circles. All appear anxious to aseer- tain the effect of this new ‘change of circumstances. Russia has been for a long time moking her preparations, end from what we can gathor, is likely to make a despe- rate effort to coerce the Turks, and for atime probably a successful one, as it will require some time for England and Fronce to bring their troops into the field, and Rus- sia will by that time have gainod many advantages which will tend to prolong the war. ‘The position of many the continental Powers under this new stato of affairs is not yet sufficiently developed (o enable us to judge any- thing of the duration of the war. The present alliance of England and France is considered a wtrong point in favor of an early settlement. M There is within n few days more dispérition to do busi- ness, and since the declaration war there has been more confidence and less pressure for money. This ia probably the effect of the check trade has received. The | general opinion is that we shall now have a better state of affairs and lower rates of money, but the arguments upon which the press and base that opinion are not satisfactory tous. The arrivals of bullion, the April dividends, and the check in to make money more plen’ n certain channels for a time, but there are many features which lead us to be- dieve that the expected improvement will be but tempo- rary, and that the tendency of mercantile affairs will be to renewed depression before the summer. In onr opinion, up to the end of tho year 1853, trade ad expanded throughout the world for the past ten years much faster than capital had accumulated; and, as regards England, large sums of money must be sent out of the country to carry on the war, priucipally in specie. Money will, ‘under prescnt circumstances, be diverted into new channels, and men must find new occupations, which causes a derangement of affairs for a time. At present, money is confined to few Lands. There are many men who usually have means that are now without it, and they are generally at class of men who patronize enterprise and speculation. There are still many enterprises in progress which require largo sums of money to complete them, or to enable them to make a permanent stand, and there is little or no disposition amongst capitalists to encourage enterprise. The wheat market has advanced 12a. from the lowest point two weeks ago. ‘The Australian news is, contrary to all anticipation, much in favor of the trate to that country. The ex- ports of merchandise to Australia is for the past year about £15,000,000 sterling. whilst there has been shipped against it upwards of £20,000,000 in gold alone. The receipts of gold in England during the fortnight have been about £1,100,400; the exports about one-half that amount. Produce of chester fabri Railway bar there is more ¢ yielded somewhat in price, and osition to make sales. Time contracts With bond payments are less difficult of negotiation. In American Securities we have } report. © no busigess to Quotations. per cent Bonda, 1505, Jun. ane July... 00 10036 Bonds, 4 * pores aed cent Bonds, i Tie 103g U.S. 6 per cont bien: . 10% NO stat Pennsylvania 5's, stock, Heb nese 0. bonds, 1% ad duly!) 4 1868" Apr. and Oct.105 isda vote Ce Fob. ard Auguat City ‘Securities. 188-62, April and October. stg. bouds, 1 SSA8SB SEAS New Orleans Pitteburg 6 Cen. RR. & ERT" De, do, Railroad Bonde. ya, 185), January and July... 93 Ist wort., 1868-69, May & Nov. .105 2d be 189, and Sept. . 94 do., conyert., 1862, Jaa. and July.. 85 RR. 8's, 1860, April and October, 6'a, sty, 1872, Jan. and Jul e * c #0 aah R. 6's, ate,, 1235, Jan. and July OF%¢ Belvidere Delaware 6's, 1877, done and Des..... Cincinnati and St. Louie Rik. T'....6. + Chicago aud Missiggippi RIE 7#. Penn. N.Y. x S122 Hamburg, three St. Petersburg, 0; ey yn, Dar, + railroad, “— Seoteb pig, § Copper, iy Lead pe “ ghoathing, por ly... yellow metal, per 1b. Simnish, per ton Le Spel See RICHARDSON BROTHERS & CO.'S CIRCULAR: Livarpoor, April 3, 1854. Since Friday the upward tendency of prices in all the leading articles of trade has continued, partly owing to the advance established here and in London, being 50 fully res ded to throughout the United Kingdom. demand has been large both for consumption and specu- lation. Wheat and flour may be written fully 24. 0 34. per Ue , and Is. #18, 6d, per barrel dearer since our last report. Batmea! has also attracted attention, and some quan- tity changed hands, at Svs. » 82s, Od. per load in ware- honee, Jaslan gern, gp the coptcery, with & Uberal supply ang the contrary, | g therespect | zed world, and | ithout | t that | reeled 8, new, 92; Mexican e, will undoubtedly assist | Yimited demand, is fully 1s. per quarter cheaper, 408, uarter havi taarine Roving been accepted for some white and ye Liverrogs, A 1864. | | Wehad a large attendance at ele Stee pool | but the advance noted above checked the demand; 4h amount of business transacted in either wheat or fou | Sdvance frous the rates of Pettey ia was we Fae th rates of Fri . 8 2d, | —— and 6d. per — remy punierigdonehe indian corn was rather more inquired f show of samples being much less’ thad woe’ caecte tei from the numerous arrivals, an advance of fully ls. 64. a ~ per ergs was Ly mane gd stil mand, some furth MMs 5 pean sone request at 1d. to 2d. per 45 Ibs. advance, No change in Egyptian beans. ‘i Weather extremely fair. JAMES M’HENRY’S CIRCULAR. Liverroot, A) Provisions.—Bacon arrives freely, and | gress a decline of Is. to 28. is yielded. The consumption disappoints expectation. Bee? and pork are dull. | At the decline last advised Lanp is neglected. Taitow has receded 2s. to 38. | Govaseran Teo id. a ae RRADSTUPRS.—A. ful provement in Fiour has been bllebel, — the demand has slackened a the advance ugat has become very irregular, and must ‘d fully 6d. cheaper. Inpiaw CoRN receded. to 40s. 5 recovered 2s, of the decline. aalie ere has been leas despon gen- eral tone of the market this week, ree any de- | cided increase in business prices have become more | regular and steady. The sales yesterday were 5,000 | bales, and to-day 4,000 baies; 1,000 bags in the two day®: being for export, There hax been a little more inquiry | in lanchester to-day, but the accumulation of im | the last month has made producers anxious sellers, even. at a reduction in prices, il 4, 1854. make a pre- | BROWN, SHIPLEY AND CO.’S CIRCULAR. oe Livexvoot, April 4, 1854. | _ Since the date of our last circular we-have to report ® | dull, stupid cotton market, with perhaps a shade more steadiness in prices, the daily sales averaging 4,000 to 5,000 bales. Wheat bas further advanced 34. per 70 Ibs., and four 18. per bbl, which has rather checked the demand, while Indian corn has given way 1s. Gd. per quarter, with more doing at the decl Superior Court—Part First. fore Chief Justice Oakley. THE RIGHT OF DOWER. Mary Owens vs, Woodlury.—This case was an action of ejectment for dower on land situated in Hendriek street. The plaintiff is the widow of James Owena, to whom she was pabiiely married in 1845, but secretly married to him in Ij as she now alleges. Jas. Owens sold tho land in question in 1836, The father of the plaintif, M. Van Deusen, of New Jer- rey, deposed that his daughter came to New York in | 1868 or ’34, and that in the following year Jas. Owens | told him they (plaintiff and he,) were married and living | in New York: he (Owens) did not wish anything to be | said about the marriage, as Jacob Owens, his son by @ former marriage, was opposed to his ret ; Several other witnesses deposed to plaintiff and Owens living a8 man and wife from 4834 to 1845, and that they had a family previous to their public marriage in 1845. | For the defenee, the first alleged marriage was denied, | and the marriage of 1845 was given as presumptive evi | dence that no valid marringe previously existed. The Court, in chargin the jury, said that a woman | has a right to dower in all estate which has at any time deen the property of her hnaband while they have been married. On the 16th of July, 1836, James’ Owens con- veyed the land in dixpute to one Henry Burden, whe afterwards conveyed it to this defendant. The question is, whether the plaintiff was tho wife of James Owens on the 1éth of July, 1836, at the time of the sale. A con- tract of marriage may arise in this State in three ways. | Aman and woman may make a written contract of mar- | riage, and if they afterwards live as man and wife the | marriage is sufficient; or the parties may go before = | minister or civil officer, and enter into a contract of | marriage before witnesses, and with an appropriate cere- | mony. The jury must be satisfied that there was a con- tract of marriage between. the parties previous to the | sale in 1886. ‘There are many cases, however, where two | persons living together a4 man and wife cannot prove | their marriage by written contract, or by witnesses. Im such cases, the mode of proof usually adopted is to prove that they lived as man and wife, and so held theroselver out to the world, and the jury may then conclude from their mode of living and their representations, that they have entered into a contract of marriage. Such is tho course adopted by the plaintiff in the present case. The ubsequent marriage in 1845 would be a or strong | circumstance, when standing alone, from which to pre~ sume that there had beon no previous marriage; for, if | the partios had been already regularly married, it ix not | probable that they would ro-enter into the marriage con- | tract. The representations made to the plaintiff concern- ing the necessity of a public marriage must be taken at | somewhat explanatory of this eubsequent marriage, how- | ever, and you iust consider how far this explanation wiil ‘neutralize. the effect of the subsequent marriage. Proof of an actual marriage before a minister or eivil flicer is not necessary to support an action for dower. | The jury were to determine Whether @ contract of mar- ringe existed between the parties previous to the wale of the land to Burden in July, 1886. If they believed such f contract did exist, they would give a verdict for the plaintiff; if they were not satisfied that such a contract cxisted, they would find for the defendant. The jury brought in a sealed verdict, on Saturday morning, for the plaintiff Naval Intelligence. | _ The following officers have been ordered to the steamer | Massachusetts, now fitting out at the Gosport Navy Yard: —Lieut. Commanding, Richard W. Meade; Lieuten- ants, Thomas M. ssan and Kdward A. Burnet. Acti 1 Purser, Jos. Bryon. Pancotl ; m D, Harrison, “Passed. Mid- pmen, . Semmes, Jonathan Young and Dulany Young. Boatswain, Samuol Drew. Gunner, Thomas imer. Assistant Surgeon 8. Allen Engles has been ordered to the Philadelphia Navy Yard. ‘assed Assistant “gi Agen George H. Howell bas beem ordered to the Pensacola yart Passed Midshipmen George FE. Morgan and N. H. Van Zandt have been ordered to the Observatory at Waxhing- ton. Wuear 1x Sovruern Micuiaan.—Having lately passed through rt of Southern Michigan, we are | sorry to report that a portion of the winter wheat, from the combined effect of hard freezing and drouth, is im | bad condition, and it may be that some of the fields are entirely killed. We are not, however, disposed to croak, for at the worst it is probable there will be a respectable | crop, and the rain of last night and today may bring it out much more than present appearance seems porsible. | —Toledo Republican | Richard C. Derby, who died lastweek at Philadelphia, | loft the following Vequests to public charities in Boston ? | To the Boston Farm School, $5,000; to the Boston Female | Orphan Asylum, $2,500; to Rev. John T. Sargent of Bos- | ton, for distribution among the poor, $5,000. Mr. Derby | was a native of Salem, and for the last few years of hie life resided at Newport, f Weekly Report of Deaths the city and county of Now York, from the 8th day of April to the 15th day of April, 1864. | Men, 96; women, 68; boys, 168; girls, 128. Total, 460. | DISEASRS. } Abscess. ..... .. 1 Heart, disease of. Abscess of the kidni lip, disease of Inflammation of chest ..- Inflammation of heart. Inflammation of lungs... .40 Inflammation of stormach & Inflammation of throat... 1 Inflammation of liver. Insanity, puerperal. Mfigtiee si xis <eiersis Bleeding from Tungs. Burned or scalded | Bronchitis... Cancer of the womb. Cancer of breast. Cancer of lungs Oe oer Abscess of the arm ing cough, | Apoplemy...... 5 Inanition | Apoplexy, nervous 1 Influenza. Asphyxia., : 2 Inflammation of b : Atrophia,....... 4 Inflamination of bowels... 1 1 Casualty... Intemperance.... Casualty by fait’, Killed or murdered, (by ualty by Yeilroad shooting) ....+.+..+0++ Killed or murdered by stabbings: ot Kidneys, &c., disease o | Convulsions Liver, disease of. Lues venerea. Malformation Palsy... Prematare bi | Dyrentery. | Execoriation. Frysipelas, Fever, puerperal. Fever, scarlet... Pane he Rea oeneenean oe Fever, nervous Fever, declining. Under 1 year Dx 1to 2 years, 13 2to 5 years, 13 5 to 10 yeare. 6 10 to 20 years, ‘ 20 to 30 years. 2 30 to 40 years, | PLACRS OF NATIVITY. Englan vit Briiah Poss ia 8 Arn. 2 [3 East Indies [teed . 82 Unknown,, 6 Franee, ve 8 INSTITUTIONS. Hospital, Bellevue. Home of the Friendices,. 1 Penttontiary, Bikwii’s isl. 1 R.C, Orphan Asylum... 2 vs 7 St. Vineent’s Hospital... 2 jum, 2 City Hospital..... 6 Asylum for Almshouse, Bick & Tnsa +«1 Colored Home Hospital... 5 Ward's Island..12.221!."80 Colored Orphan Asylum... 21 Randail’s Island, % Colored persons. s+, ...618 WARDS. ry 15 2 3 3. 6 4 28 5. rr ti , 8 198 10 : n.: a) re STi soca easestvad GHOMAS K. DOWNING, bity City Tampectoe’s Oflca, New York, April oy