The New York Herald Newspaper, October 24, 1851, Page 7

eee ———eeE—————eEeEeEeees—“‘ait ewe Se San Franetsco. San Francisco, Sept. 15, 1851. Result of the Election—Proposed Division of Cali- Sornia—Its Cawses—The Agricultural Prospects of Southern California— State of Society, §c., &c- The Papers contain an account of a movement for the division of the State. This is an earnest move- ment, and is entirely domestic in its origin and object, and has nothing to do with the question of slavery, or of a balance of power between the South and the North. The Southern, and by far the larger portion of the State, is entirely pastoral in its nature and capabilities; without minerals without agricultural resources, and without any staple production. Mach of it is occupied by mountains and marshes, and the remainder is di- vided into large ranchos, or grazing farms, many leagues in extent, producing # coarse natural grass in the rainy season, over which cattle roam at large, getting very fat in the spring, and almost starving in the summer, or dry season. From April to November, no rain falls in this country, and, consequently, agriculture cannot be depended on. The whole country is, in fact, a treeless desert, affording, for the greater portion of the year, only a scanty subsistence to cattle and horses of the most hardy species. In the centre of a wild tract, the ranchero built his house of adobé, and lived a ful pastoral life. From his cattle he derived his principal food, which, with such escu- lents as ew along the scattered streams in the lower valleys, and an occasional supply of rice from abroad, or of wheat from the river valleys of the upper country, maintained his family the yoar round. His wants were fow, and those were easily supplied by the slaughter of & few bullocke, whose hie and tallow, ported to the nearest sea- port, provided all superfluities which were needed jor family use, or for social or religious festivals Such was the peaceful and happy life led by the native Californians, before the Americans came, or old was discovered. Bat with the coming of those two events came the dawning of a new era. A nation of two hundred thousand souls was set down in the midst of a desert, and disdaining the chrysalis condition of aterritorial government, leap- ed at once into the position of asovereign State. But with the independent condition came also the neces- sity of an independent support ofthe new goverament by itself. The new government was compelled to de nive the means of its own subsistence from its own population. Thus arose taxation, and a taxation which was as excessive, compared with that of any other State, as the expenses of living and the sala- ries of Stute officers exceed those of other States. While this has been endurable in the well settled and agricultural districts of northern California, it has tallen like the blight of desolation upon the he) districts of the south. It can be well agiaed how rainousa taxation of even twenty- | five cents an acre would be to the owner of a rancho | of twenty or thirty thousand acres, who for years | perhaps had not possessed, or felt the need of pos- seesing, an hundred dollars in cash. It has been found impossible to sustain the weight of State taxation. The finest ranchos in southern California have been sold at merely nominal rates for taxee. ‘The owners of others have collected their cattle and driven them away into Lower California, de- | serting their ranchos, and choosing rather to return | tothe soil of Mexico than to bear the burden of a ruinous taxation. The whole population ef the southern portion of the State fiad this burden | equally unendurable. Hence this movement for the division of the State. It is proposed that it be divided on a pa rallel ef latitude about sixty miles to the south of San Francisco, of about thirty seven degrees of | northern latitude. This would cut off from the State a tract five hundred and fifty miles in length, | by three bundred broad. But out of this territory | it is not proposed to erect a new State. Tho inha- bitants seek to escape the evils and expense of a State government. Tey desire to return to a territorial form of government, under the fostering | care and protection of the United States. ‘To or- ganize a new State would only aggravate the evils of which they complain, and which they wish to | escape. To sever them from the eo ‘ California, and erect over them a territo1 g vernment, of which the United States would assume the responsibility and the expense, would alleviate sufferings, and afford a guarantee for the ee movement progresses at the South with an | almost entire unanimity. In fact the South vote t, at the begioning, in favor of contiouing in a terri- torial condition. Appearances indicate that it will | aleo be acceded to at the North. For the manifest injustice ofthis enormous and disproportionate tax- ation, is everywhere conceded; and, besides, where the half of a whole ¢ indicates the wish to follow a certain line, the dis; ion of most Californians | is to let it have its own way. It is, therefore, ha- zarding but little to pa that Congress will be memorialized by the Legislature, at its coming ses- sion, in favor of the proposed division, and that the new territory will be erected with general consent, unless small politicians in the States combine to interfere with what they camnot understand, and succeed in defeating a measure of justice to a peace- | ful and suffering people. This letter is already so long, that I presume to #ay but a word more; and that is to remark, that our police records show the commission of crime has almost entirely ceased in our city. No more burglaries, no more robberies; all is peaceful and quiet. Ofcourse, this is not to be attributed to the terrible efficiency of the Vigilance Committee. Srecrator. Fort Myers, East Frortna, Oct., 1951. Interesting Account of the Indians—The Operations | of Billy Bowlegs andthe Govarnment Uroops. This portion of Florida was but little known till | within the last few years, it being comprised in the territory temporarily assigned to the Seminoles by Genoral Worth, in 1842; and, therefore, could not be intruded upon. But since the late disturbance here, the government have thought proper to estab- lish a military post on the river, and it is at present the most important in the country. It has but little to recommend it asa residence for the white | mao, but likely from the fact that it is set aside for the exclusive use of the Indians, that it i much coveted. For two or three months of the | year—the rainy season—the country is entirely in- undated, which renders the making of large trenches necessary to carry off the water, while the | close proximity of the everglades, and the large swamps by which it is surrounded, makes it most | unbealthy—so much so, that out of a force of about 100 to 120 men stationed here, twenty to thirty are almost always on the sick list. Tho in- termittent fever—the scourge of nearly all th» Southern States—spares no one. gt f person here, almost without an exception, has had an attack of | it; and the haggard countenance, sunken eye, and emaciated agg of the men, show clearly the havoc it makes on their constitutions. Being un- fortunate enovgh to suffer once from it, is oaly a warning that youare doomed to have periodical return as long as you remain in the country, and it ultimately requires the bracing air of thy h to eradicate its bancful influence from the 8; ‘The effect of the climate on tho Indian is quite dif- | ferent —to him it is congenial and delicious, a con- | tinual summer; and the large quantity of game, and the prolific ture of the country, puts him, by a little exertion, beyond all chance of waat. And in no other State of the Union are the Indians ronaturally well provided for as here. This ac- counts for the tenacity with which they cling to the soil. y are well aware of the advantages they poesese, and entertain but an indifferent opinion of the st, from the accounts they nave received from those of their brethren that have returne! after emigrating. They believe it a locality far from being suited to their wants and habits; and in » country like thir, where every hainmock serves them as a citadel, and ewamp as a rallying ground, they set at nought the throats of the govern- ment, whioh are always worse than useless, serving rather to exasperate than intimidate th 'er- dynes yor a are eee more vw . feelings wishes being more o gu flattery and promises. And it would if necessary for aperson to be intimately acquainted with the nature of the country, and the manners and habits of the ), to see the dificalty of removing them means. other than le Those of the tribe who have emigrated, somo gone to join friends and relatives, others know- the strong arm of the government, have seon the fruitiessness of di bs toa new je at reset here Bowlegs at their head, appear termined never to leave, ent enough to see that the Uni using force to compel them. There can be no doubt thatthe beet course for the rnment, would be oan ae ~ » confidence settlers to induce them to return and cultivate their land. The Indian is harmless as long as he is not impoeed on, and the cause of all their wars might bo traced to cruelties or inj inflicted on them by # the settlers of this State. are peace- bly disposed, many proofs of which they have given dunt the fast tho years; vey duri iy, there fe to be found at all times, particularly on out pte sy) a — Aa a Sg - eo y : my Ly | maki nest liv: and who for Provols the Indians to hostilities, and afterwards, Dot only escape, but make profit {som the misfortqne, | and Georgia, from | committed while drunk. In connection with this ee Tees cnet have heard the chiefs here com; most bi of the eames os —_ ingly eae to last few years, who, singly on bun expe- ditions, hing have ever been heard of. “Taboo circumstances nat excites the never-dyin, irit of revenge, which is a natural attribute o! the Indian character, and, therefore, persons, ticularly agents of the government, are not sur- rised at the acts of hostility sometimes committed yy this tribe. They can see no distinction in white men. An ane received from one, makes him the enemy of the whole race, and in retaliating thoy never use discretion, the innocent too often suffers at their bands. The section of country they inhabit would be uselees to settlers, being swampy; the greater por- tion covered with Jades, and exceedingly un- healthy. It tches from about 27 deg. north to the south of th insula. It has nothing to recom- mend it, while there are millions of acres in Flori: uncultivated and unsettled, of far better land an much more healthy. During the summer months the weather is so excessively hot as to render ordi- nary exertion almost impossible—the ds which supply water are nearly dried up, while the mos- uitoes and sand flies becomes almost intolerable. the country abounds with game—turkey and deer are plenty—and forms a considerable portion of Indian support. The rivers yield fish and oysters in large quantities. These circumstances, and the smallness of the tribe at present here, and their comparatively large hunting grounds, is one of the principal reasons why they wish to remain and endeavor to live at peace—and the knowledge if they emigrate to Arkansas that it would require hard labor, from the nature of that coun- bat to procure @ sustenance. At present, a war ith these one would be most acceptable to the citizens of the tate ; it would afford them a pretext to leave their farms—which, in general, amount to no more than an acre or two, devoted to raisii corn—and putting themselves under the protection o! the government, from whom, under such circum- stances, rations for the support of their families are expected. Want of sufficient energy is a re- markable feature in the character of these people, to which may be attributed the backward condition of the State, and a desire at all times to fall back on the general government for support, under the influence of some imaginary Indian alarm. This feeling is imbibed from the experience of the last war, when the settlers of the whole territory wore receiving support from the Commissary of the army. Just now, the citizens ask to be allowed to prosecute the war tnemselves—the United States, of course, bearing the expense—and promise, in a few months, to rid the peninsula of every Indian in it. They say, to fight them effectually, you must adopt their own mode of warfare, fighting them as you would beasts of prey—giving no quarter, a$ you receive none--and that the effort of combating them by the ordinary system of tactics, is only throwing away life and money. Few white men are able to do all this; but the settlers here, if any can do it, are capable. ‘Ihe Indian’s adroit- ness in action, boldness and intrepidity in his movements, travelling by night, his wandering life and habits, put it in the powor of even the few here to do incalculable mischief on the scattered settlements. A long acquaintance with these facts, and a belief that regular troops are not so effective against them as volunteers, induces the Crackers to chee themselves as the most effective force that san be broughttofight them. Their services are not, nor are they likely to be accepted, the government takes the most politic means to remove them, trusting more to the introduction of the laws and habits of the white man among them, which will have more effect than 5,000 soldiers todo this, and that the axe and the plough will be greater enemies than any other they can bring against them. — The Seminole Indians remaining in this State are | composed of the remnant of various tribes, some of whom have taken refuge here years age, being obliged to leave the neighboring States of Alabama differences existing among the several chiefs. ‘The Mickasackies, who claim to be the original owners of the soil, are at present the least in number, while there are several small bands calling themselves Tallabassees and Creeks. ‘The entire strength of the tribe is supposed to be one hundred and nincty warriors, but no correct account can be had of their number. They all acknowledge one chief—Hollatter Micco, or Billy Bowlege—who is of royal blood and a nephew of Micanopy, who distinguished himself so much in the last war; this fact gives him great weight in the nation, and, being an Indian of considerable sagacity, he has introduced some good laws for etter govern- | ment of bis people, and the keeping in control the restless spirits about him; they are administered fairly and strictly, speedy justice being the princi- pal feature in them. The other chiefs are Arpeik: 1m Jones, and Assauwar; the former is no’ years old, and bis title to chief consists in his gi nd his past services,; he is now entirely help- nd in bis second childiood; the other is intel- | ligent and farseeing—he gives considerable my gets Be to Bewle mrally tele government agents. upanimous in rejecting the idea of emi in carrying out his laws, and he ted as orator in their talks with the Though they are apparently g, still | there appears some difference among them on this subject. A few of the warriors wish to leave, who bave relatives in Arkansas, but are afraid to express their wishes, while the great majority are entirely opposed to it, particularly the Mickasukies, who appear to be the most resolute aad vindictive of the have given just cause of offences, not whether our werful. Seldom can & ween honest govern- idly explanation will not remove; and it is no derog: ion irom the honor or ity of the most powerful nation to yield such ex; - tion even to the feeblest, where there exists any ground for complaint. It strikes us that some “friendly explanation” will be exacted by Congress. n the other side, mark you, if Congress does not make its firs busi- m the late tragedy at Havana, we predist it, and that the administration had better prepare for the most rigid examination into this Cuba busi- ness. The demands for redress will take quite a different shape from their present form, and quite a different a ee from Spain, before three months areover. The Presidential election is approach- ing. The rest can be understood, when we say that the democrats hold both houses of Congress. There will be an echo to the wrath nf that will startle her into sober reflection, before she gets a satisfactory apology. Mr. Webster understands it. He knows that Congress will not r the dirty ‘ect in silen He will think of that, and act as cordingly as Mr- Crittenden has done. Judge Sharkee, President of the first Nashville Convention, has accepted the Consulship at Hava- na, vice Owen removed. Albany. Axsany, October 19, 1851. The Anti- Rent Convention Dissolval without Making a Nomination—The Faction Virtually Disbanded. The anti-renters of this county assembled yes- terday in the town of New Scotland, for the pur- pose of agreeing upon a county ticket. A large number of the calico gentry were present, and mem- bers from this city of both political parties. The whigs were anxious that the antis should make a half-and-half ticket by placing upon it an equal num- ber of democrats and whigs from those in nomina- tion by both parties. This course was urged very strongly; and the argument used was, that this had been the uniform method heretofore. The demo- crats proper, having a majority, refused to ac- quiese, and preferred following the footsteps of the State convention, and adopt the democratic ticket entire. Much cenfusion and excitement prevailed nearly the whole day. The wiser ones, who wish to keep up their organization, so as to retain an exouse for not paying rent, saw that by adopting the entire ticket of either party, their faction would be broken up. This is what some of the more cunning democrats deserved, as in the towns where this malady mostly prevails, they boast of having, upon strict party vote, several hundred ma. jority. eir principal candidate, that is for sur- rogate, being one of this class,being present, strong ly urged the adoption of the entire ticket; but upon canvassing about the hedges, ditches, barrooms, &e, they finally concluded to adjourn without making any nomination. ‘This movement, together with the action of their State convention, virtually disbands their political organization. They are all right thankful that it is to. They will now mostly return to the political parties to which they were attached before they undertook to resist the law, tar and feather offizers of justice, and murder sheriffs. They will, by this means,shufile off the demagigues who are comtinual- ly preying upon them for their votes, and the vampyres who are incessantly drainiug their purses. Upon cool reflection of a year or two, they will find it much iees expensive, mush less annoying and perplexing, to pay their honest debts, than to keep an army of lawyers under pay. There is scarcely a farmer on this whole territory but has lost more in money anc time, in their crusade against the land- lords, than would have doubly liquidated all the claims against them Wr arre Now, they are beginning to ece that all their efforts to elect overnors, judges, senators, members of-assembly, State and county officers, together with the thou- sands of dollars contributed annually in support of @ swarm of deceptive lawyers, has been thrown to the winds. The tenants are now convinced, since the decision of the courts against them, that they bave been most grossly villainously deceived, and many of them are now preparing, and all will soon follow the example, to abandon their disguises and calico garb, resume their honest industry, make speedy ends (or their misdeeds, up their back ren! «l purchase the right of soil. Harttora. Hartrorp, Conn., Oct. 14, 1851. Lhe New Catholic Church—New Bank—Banking Ca- pital of Hartford awd of the State—Law of Connecti- cud, respecting Interest, and Method of Evading it by the Banks—American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb—Account of the Puyls—Interesing Inter. view with Julia Brace, the Deaf, Dumb, ani Blind Gul—Anecdote—Herse with Five Feet. A new Catholic church is in process of erection inthis city, and is nearly completed Middletown freestone, and is said to be the largest | Catholic church in New England. Nearly the whole | tribe, and are most anxious that Bo vlegs should re- sort to hevomyrr gee vg nay in — dail; oe the purpose of t: ;. they bri er an skins, and take im exchange calbooes, beads, and whiskey. Notwithstanding the stringent laws enact- vent the sale of liquor to In- main here are afforded every facility of indulging in it. Nothing so brutalizes the Indian as intemperance ; it always brings him to misfortune and death, and their worst crimes are It is to be lamented they are so addicted to this vice; it is universal among them, and the chiefs are no exceptions. While sober, they conduct themselves ia the best manner. They are most friendly, and endeavor never to give offence ; and, from their picturesque dress and fine appearance, they are really interesting. Their fine form is act off to advantage, by a close fitting frocic, of many colors; a scarlet sash, beautifully worked with beads, tightens it round the waist ; their log- gins and moccasins, made from doeskin and nicely ornamented, ow them an agreeable air, while a large feather hangs gracefully from thelr showy turban. Addto & profusion of silver orna- ments, which covers their breast, and you can ims- gine the dress of the Seminoles, as they visit us near every day. T. B. Washington. Wasurnoton, Oct. 21, 1961. The Cuba and Spanith Question--The Court of Madrid to the Admunistration--The New Consul to Havana.. The readers of the Herald will remember tho re_ cent articles from the Republic, on the Cuba-Span- ish question; and also an extensive communication from one of your correspondents here, more than a month ago, in reference to some diplomatic pro- ceedings on the same subject. It was stated that a correspondence had taken place between Mr. Bul- | wer and the French minister, on the Cuba question: shortly after the invasion of Lopez, in reference to the future protection of the island, and that in re- ferring the subject to Mr. Webster, he declined to have any thing to do with it. We presume that that affair was the settler to the” proposed triple alliance between Spain, France, and [ngland, for the protection of Senora Isabella la Cutolica, and her sovereignty in that island of Cuba; for th French frigate, with its special agent, doos not ap pear, and we fear nothing satisfactory of the exist- ence of the alleged coalition. The thing is most likely a flash in the pan. has quite enough upon bis hands, withou’ socking to burn his fingers with such a ticklish piece o, business. It appears, however, that he bas thought fit to address to this government a formal sort of a pre test ogaines there Cuban enterprises from our shores, holding the \nited States responsible for the suppression of such forays for the future, if not directly charging too much indifference upon the administration in respect to the late movements of Leper and company. We learn that this precious document, in the absence of Mr. Webster, was turned over to Mr. Crittenden, Svcretary of State, od and that he has r jd to My Lord Palmerston substantially, that the United States Government is abundently able to vindicate good faith, and needs neitker advice nor remon strances on the subject from the powers of Europe not direetly interested in the matter. Such a stand a6 this is very apt to put an ond to the Holy Alli- ¢. President Fillmore is bristling up a little; tuch are the circumetances of that Cuban tra- be to do it. ‘entra, we call your attention to the letter jadrid in this morning's /niclligencer, and the commentary upon it. The editors are actually bi ig the question of Spain. They seem to be paving the way for a disgraceful apology. They say — “We are rorry to eee that the angor of Spain is treated by tome of our presses with ridicule, and the threats of her public journals with seorn righteous cause, we trust that we should regard the meraces of another nation as lightly as any of our contemporariet; but, in all cases of national cowpiaint, whetber it come from a weak or a strong Lation, our fret care thould be to eee whether wo My Lord Palmerston | length of the basement is divided into two apart- ments, intended for school rooms—one for males, andthe other for females. The window glass is co- lored, like that of Triaity Church in New York. Mr. Keely, of Brooklyn, is the architect. The City Bank has recently gone into operation here, with a capital of half a million of dollars The banking capital of Hgrtford now exceeds six millions and six hundred thousand dollars. That of the State of Connecticut, on the first day of April last, was a trifle over ten and a half millions. The population of this city is only about eighteen thousand. I think that no other city in the Uaion has any thing near the amount of capital invested in banking, in proportion to its number of inhabi- tants. The statute law of this Stato prohibits tho taking of over per cent interest; and the forfeiture of the whole interest taken is prescribed as the pee. alty for violating this law. Formerly the whole debt was rendered void. But the Bank Gommis- sioners, in their last annual repert to the Legiala- ture, “le be custom with some of the banks of the State to receive usurious interest, in the form of ex- ebange. To such an extent has this been carried in some banks, thas instances have occurred whore the merchant, or applicant, whose notes were dis- bank with the ordinary rate of exchange on New York, whether he received New York fands or not. An examination of the exchange account of the banks will explain, ina measure, why they are en- abled'to make the largo dividends they are now making. Capital invested in banking is now pay- ing larger dividends than that invested in any of the ordinary productive pursuits.” [ have been, this morning, to visit the American | — for the Deaf and Dumb ‘bis institution was founded thirty five years | ago, by the Rev. Thomas H. (Gallaudet, of ty, Whove deeply lamented death occurred a weeks ago. There are now two hundred and fifteen pupils, nearly equally divided between the two sexes. By the politeness of the istant steward, Mr S. T. Millard, | was permitted to eve the pupile in the shops where they were at work. They labor about an hour half before school in the morn- ing, and the sa ngth of time in the afternoon. nthe tailor'sshop were thir! din the boot shop the same number; there were eighteen in the cabyet shop; others were occupied by differen: em- ployments, or at play Aslentered the rooms they manifested much curiosity to learn the object of my visit, and this was increased wheu they saw me take a note book from my pocket and commence writi that be should be very happy to rear wished to know if { was going to tax them. They geverally loo! bright and cheerful. | was in- formed that were obedient, and much more easily governed jo who can hearandspeak. | Thad fe satisfaction of eas seeing, on this occasion, whose soul dwells in a Mias Ju i Brace, cluded dungeon, as she is deaf, dumb, and blind. | If Mr. Hobbs has reflected honor upon the Ameri- can nation by the extraordinary skill which he dis. covered in picking an ingenious and complicated lock at the World's Fair, imperishable fame be- longs to him whore genius, patience, and perseve- rance unlocked the gloomy dungeon in which na- ture bad imprisoned this unfortunate human being, and let in upon her benighted mind the glorious and heavenly light of intel ee. hen | first saw Julia Brace she was walking through one of the halls without any guide. She entered the sitting- room, and commenced sewing on a calico dress, which ehe was making for some other person. The matron, Mrs. White, requested her to thread her eedle, inorder that I might seo with what facility she could do it. She had at the time # short piece of threa’l inherneedic. This she carefully drew into the eloth to save it. She then puiled the needie from it, placed the eud of another piece of thread end the eye of the needle, with her fingers, betwoen her lips, and in the twinkling of am eye the needle was gain threaded. By signs, communicated by the sence of touth, she conversed with astonishing facility and rapidity. While | was sitting besiae her, she eaid to the mi mouseline iseaid to be very fond of orna: nts, and she al Ways wants her dresses made in the latest style, andtiimmed. | noticed that she made mucd use of her lips, in which the senee ofto appears to be very acute and delieate. In fitting heg work she passed It is built of | counted, was charged directly ye the books ofthe | One said | and another | is the lady, the mother of one of the been there fora ar previoas, ned to be pre- sent. She walked up to Julia, who placed her hands er, and soon recognized her. She then im- iately inquired after her two daughters, and atked howtall they had grown. Speaking of the deaf and dumb reminds me of a very good story which was told of a Boston lady, more renowned for her wealth than her wit. A party was given for some distinguished musicians, who were visiting that city, and to add to the interest of the oosasion an invita tion was extended to the pupils of the institution for the blind, whose souls, as is well known, greatly de- light in the ‘discourse of sweet sounds.” ieee passed off charestagy. But the Km 4 referred to was not to be out- yy any rival luminary. She inuetiatey. gave a sumptuous musical soirée, and to cap the climax, the blind having been put into requisition before, she invited the pupils of the school for the deaf dumb. Mr. Giles Remington, a hotel-keeper in this city, owns a Mexican horse, quite unlike sny that I have seen exhibited at the recent agricultural fairs. His Y left hind leg terminates in two distinct ancles and feet. They are attached together by the skin, but are both well formed, though the inside foot is emallor than the outside one. The horse is black, of good size, a fast trotter, and excellent wader the saddle. 3 mbridg: Campring, Oct. 21, 1851. Junior Exhibition of Harvard University—Exer- cises om the occasion—Orations, Music, §c. Mr. Eprron—Perhaps you can fancy, without my drawing the picture, a poor devil with a head- ache, trying to solve a problem; if 80, you have a just idea of my situation while trying to determine the right meaning of your term “‘interesting,” as applied to what is called the “Junior Exhibition’ of Harvard University. Undoubtedly, thought I. there must be many sons of this Alma Mater, who though now immersed in the eddy and whirl of business life, would still like to hear kow they are represented under these classic shades; and many | more perhaps may have a laudable curiosity, though not sweetened by the joys of memory. However, it remained for the crowds of gaily dressed ladies to remove the last vestige of doubt | as to the propriety of applying the term “interost- ing” to an exhibition, which could call ferth so powerful a rival exhibition of bright eyes and | pretty faces. What man so bold as to doubt the taste of the better half of mankind. But it was interesting in more senses than one. Mais dllons. The exercises were held in the College chapel, President Sparks—who does not appear to very great advantage in an Oxford cap—presiding, while before him sat many who have gained a name in the list of those whom our country delights to honor: Longfellow, Parsons, Felton, and others, who now preside over the destinies of old Har- vard. The music was furnished by a society calling themselves the ‘ Pierian;” doubtless, that we might remember the warning line— “Drink deep, or taste not of the Pierian spring.” But we will not do them so great injustice as to compare their execution gf the different overtures, &c., with which they favored us, with that of prac- ticed and professional performers; and, rather than say aught distasteful, will say nothing. Before I ‘o further, | must say that although this is called the junior exhibition, it is, by some peculiar ar- rangement, devoted as much to the seniors as to the class from which it takes its name. The first speaker on the programme was Mr. H. W. Brown, of Worcester, who ushered in the rest of the epeakers in a manner creditable to himself, with a well delivered Latin oration. His sub- ject, “De virorum illustrissimorum mortium narra- tiontvus,” wae, a8 far as my awkward location would permit me to judge, well treated; but to par- ticularize would not be fair in a communication like this. Let me not be thought too critical, if I here suggest that the exercises would not only be fall ay interesting, but more dignified, if the au- dience would abstain from expressions of applause, | and while [cite Yale as an example of this, let me point to Columbia, in your own city, as almost dis- | pend by bouquet-throwing and other theatrical iemonstrations. The next speaker, Mr. Bryant, of | Boston, favored us with a translation of the epeech | cus, from the Agricola of ‘Tacitus. Of the need say nothing, and for delivery, as for something better next time. Next came a dis | quisition from Mr. Stickney, of this town, on the vereatility of Mozart. This gentleman had chosen & glorious subject, and seemed from his remarks to have acquaintance with at least some of the works | of the great master of melody. This piece, as the | gentleman was @ senior, was original; but the | following one, arendering in Greek of the ‘Cros- sing the Rubicon,” is too familiar, as to m: | every schoolboy, to need remark, and until ‘ue | pronunciation of Greek is determined, one had best tay nothing ofthe delivery. Here we were favored by the “Pierian” with an opportunity of rising ard examining the audience; but as | do not wish to | tantalize you, ! will omit the notes of admiration | — 1 ma The ladies ne ee a mK i the ident ing put his cap on, Mr. 5 Cutler, Tr ifolliston, defivered @ translation of De- lavigne’s ‘‘Varsovienne,” with so much feeling as to call forth a sympathetic expression of applause from his audience. After this came a Greek dia- logue between Messrs. Hill and vee ge but as it | was all Greek hag ope rter, be will only say that | it might bave 2 aa. Let me, how- ever, from the shelter of my ignorance, say that | do | not think it in the besttaste toadopt a piece requir- ing too much dramatic action, at a literary exhibi- tion, especially where a dead language is the ton, | used. The piece itself was doubtless as wel as acted. Mr. Ware, of Milton, then cat r= ward, and delivered a well written piece upon the f the Isles of Pacific 8 of the Ll ‘ides — ‘og @ pleasing impression, gavo place ,” who, in turn, permitted us to y ndall, of Waltham, echo in Latin a part of the philippic which Sheridan thundered against Warren I ry a in Westminster. This be did as well as could expected before an au- | dience whose mother tongue was English. A poem by T. W. Hilliard, of Koxbury, next cngaged the attention of the audience, and by its felicity of ox- | pression and versifieation, reflected credit upon this aspirant for poetical honors, epeakiog literally under the eye of older peets. Wo expectatur, said the President, and expectation was gratified forthwith by an oration from Mr. S L. Thorndike, | | of Beverly, who showed, by his well paid compli- meuts to the ladies, that tke old time spirit of chivalry had left its traces upon one son, at least, of the Bay State. The subject was the “ Benefits Which the Spirit of Chivalry has bequeath among them, he enumerated the re: women are row held—their present hi growing influence, &c. A perilous subject, in these perilous times, of women's rights conven tions and Bloomer meetings; but handled so as te “draw down the house.” Why not the expres- sion, as well as the practice’? Mr. R. H. Chase, of this town, next endeavored to enlighten us in | regard to the siege of Acre; but as your reporter happened to be in rather a noisy locality, he can | only do the spenker the justice to say that his gerture and action spoke well for what he could pot bear A Latin dialogue, between Mesers. Hoemer and Johnson, came next, and ay ed to be succeseful, from the applause which followed— | though a young man, who stood by mo, intimated that it rounded and looked amagingly like down- taht sevleing. However, | wine endorse his opinion just now; but pass on to a translation of the cclebrated oration of ischines against Ctesiphor as delivered by Mr. Pierce, of Cambridge. Thi oration--which produced, io answer, that one which | has since been esteemed the masterpiece of oratorical eloquence—was well translated, and, as far as the | buetle und allowed me to judge, well delivered 8 of the eloquence of |emosthenes we the spirit stirring (") notes from the “ Pierian, ‘in to back into the past, | while listening to Mr. H. Alger’s dissertation on the Reet of the troal To Mr A. Mr. D. E. of the old town of Salem, succeeded, with dissertation on the “ Diffasion of the Englith Language’’--this was one of the best writ- ten pieces yet offered. N, a translation of Victor Hugo's * Loe delivered by Mr. C. Carroll, of Cambrid; after the Pierian had onee more enabl dience to relieve their limbs, Mr. W. G. Choate, of | Sa'em, delivered the closing oration, on the “ Per- of Poetic Fame, his argument ever true ition of Shak speare, that | dittance of one hundrea and forty-seven miles, and one touch of nature makes the whole ‘world | f im to Detroit, fifty-one; besides visit- kind,” and poetry ia nature deli . Of the neighborhood of the River Detroit, this come ‘ a I = any row now oe off in different di- than tha any it was t it best, though the sjority were of opinion that the | pected to have found the people of this portion palm Jay between Messrs. Thorndike, Was much exeited, in view of the coming and Choate. Thus closed the exhibition; y: ero the curtain falls, let us sug; that more fitting ornaments than ribbons or dangling badges may be found for a literary rostrum. Yours, from old Harvard, T. D. P. S.--Rufus Choate is expected to deliver a epeech on a murder trial, ina few days. Supreme Court. On Monday the clerk at Chambers will commence makin, The Oc! lnet tim Saturday necerraty im order to baw ferent October motic ‘ovember, notes of title, &e, will be otione ed of on the elender, placed om (het for the gentleman is of the junior class, we may hope | | the Welland can: { grown with facility in the provinee. Affairs in the British Provinces. Our Canadian Correspondence. Toronto, October 8, 1851. Ride fromthe Falls to Lewiston—The Brok Monw ment and View from Queenstown Heights—Suspen- sion Bridge at Lewiston—Niagara—St. Cutha- rin’s—Affairs at Stoney Creek—Hamilton— In. dependent Condition of the Rural Population of Upper Canada—Failure of the Potato Crop. My last letter left the reader at the Falls of Niagara, opposite to which the cars from Buffalo are drawn by a locomotive, which is there replaced by horses that are attached te the train. The road for a considerable distance just before reach- ing Lewiston, runs on the side of a precipitous hill, #0 steep as to require drags on the wheels, and where the slightest accident would be attended with fatal results; but from which is presented a splendid view of the broad and well cultivated valley lying beneath, which extends as far as the eye can reach, into the interior of the country, and which, probably, isthe bed of some former river that was connected with the Niagara. Lewiston is composed of one principal street, and like all other American villages I have seen, is re- markable for its: neatness—the houses, as is usual, white, with green Venetian blinds. Immed opposite, on the Queenstown Heights, on the Brit ide, stands the Brock monument— @ conspicuous object—erected to the memory of the B eneral of that name, who lost his life during the last war, when leading the advance of his army to the attack of the American forces, who were posted on the heights. I crossed on the suspension bridge that was com- pleted last year, and which is seventy-five feet from the surface of the river. It is s wire cables, of the length of twelve hundred and forty-five feet, and which are passed over two stone towers, and secured on the cliff beyond them, the distance between which is one thousand and forty feet, and the length of the bridge is eight hundred and forty-nine feet. Viewed e desk of the amboat, it resembles a spider’s “ most attenu- ated thread,” thrown acr the ravine, and sus peaded by some unseen means in the air. The river here diminishes to about two hundred yards in width, but the water is from eighty to nine- ty feet deep, making the aggregate depth from the surface of the bank of the river to its bed, abou. one hundred and sixty feet. Queenstown [eights are nearly three hunired feet above the bank of the river, and are reached by a good road. The monument was extensively attered, and almost overthrown, by means of Kereqeeee, which was deposited within the lower chamber, by a miscreant, during the troubles of 1887-"38, and has never been repaired, although a sufficient sum of money has been raised for that purpose. Previous to this disgraceful act, there was within the monument a winding stair case that led tothe top, whieh commanded an extensive view of Lake Ontario, the Falls, and the waters of the more dis- tant Erie. That from the base, however, is suffi- ciently grand and imposing to repay the fatigue of the ascent. Immediately beneath lies the village of Queens- town, where the mails are received and despatche’ in connection with the United States. It is a m apology for a village, however, and contain two hundred inhabitants. Seven miles below Queenstown, at the en the river, is the village of Niagara, forme ark,which dees not seem to hi m the effects of the last war. It is delightfully situa- ted, but the wharves and buildings near the shore, are in a very dilapidated condition—the formes hay- ing been nearly carried away by the ice a few years since, and remaining in the same state in which they were then left. Immediately oppestte, onthe American sido, is a well built fort, which commands the village and en- trance of the river. The headquarters of a British ph gh el are at Niagara, and there is a fort and light house on the English side, at a short dis- tance from the village, fronting upon Lake Ontario. Since the opening of the Welland canal, the trade of Niagara has almost entirely left it, and has bailt up St. Catharines, five miles Thom its junction with the lake at Port Dalhousie, twelve mules to the westward of Niagara. An attempt was made last year, by a large num- ber of American and British ship owners, and others, who are interested in the trade of the. lake, to induce the Legislature to connect a branch of with the mouth of the Niagara river, by which twelve miles ef most dangerous na- vigation would be saved to vessels arriving at the canal from American barbors; the value of the time lost in proceeding thither having been estimated by competent judges at $150,000 per annum. But the interest in favor of St. Catharines was too strong in the government, of which Mr. Merritt wasa member, and the application was of course unsucoessful. The Tague. river discharges itself on the south side of Lake Ontario, about forty miles from ite bead, and directly op posite Toronto, from which it is distant between thirty and forty miles. Tho up- per part ofthe lake lying within a line drawn from one of these places to the other, is therefore within the British terrirory. St. Catharines, to which allusion has been made, contains @ population of between three and four thousand 80 churches, with a handsome town haliof cut stone, # reading roo six grist mills, and various other industrial estab lishmente, indicative of enter, and public spirit. From three of these grist mills there were turned out Jast ', seventy-two thousand barrels of flour. St om Hamilton to Buffalo, pass t) hb St. rines daily. A salt sp was formerly worked there, e : “Sn yo dae of jaily; but, the jon og he manufactory was discontinued. remarked, in a former letter, that the route from Buffalo to Niagara lies through portions of the country in which, du he last war, the armies of the two nations contended for mastery. And the « will apply to that section of Canadian t anor lying between the mouth of the Ningara river and Hamilton, about ten miles, be- fore reaching which place is Stoney creek, to which point General Dearborn had advanced in 1813, with the American forces, after capturing York, now Toronto, and eompelled the British General t from Queenstown to Burlington Heights, ilton, where he was surpri dar! attack, planned by Lt. Col. Seavey, u resent Governor of Nova Scotia, in which Hriga- ier Generals ndler and Winder were tal It was during that campaign that Gen. Sir Jobn Harvey were opposed to each d who at that time formed the reciprocal reepect and esteem which those gallant men have retained for each other until the present hour. Hamilton, of which | am uvable to say much, on my way thro Western Canada, after leaving Toronto, is rapidly advancing, contains at present upwards of ten thousand inhabitants. The streets are laid out, for the moet part, at right angles, and King street, which trom its great width may be considered an oblong square, is well built up, and runs paiallel with the range of mountains that are in tte rear of the town, from which is a splendid view of Lake Ontario and the surror country. There are here a number of manufactories, moved by steam power; among others there isa broom factory, the material for manufacturing which is brovgit from Obio, notwithstanding it may be Lami ton is well situated for receiving the trade of Canada West; and itsenterprising citizens have not been 4 ating in their efforts permanently to re- tein it. There is a post road, on which the mail is carcied to end from Owen's Sound, in Georgian Lay. at the head of Lake Huren, in which direction the country is rapidly settling. What is called the Huron tact, which was givon by the Indians in exchange for lands near Amherst, is a very fertile territory. ‘The beet route to Owen's Sound, and that which is taken by immigrants, who are almost daily flock- jog to that quarter, is to proceed from Toronto by the way of Lake Simcoe, from the head of which 1 a good road of twelve miles, on which a stage runs, cennecting with Georgian Bay, whence a steamer runs twice @ week to Uwen's Sound, and thence to Sault Ste Marie, at the foot of Lake Superior. K ig to Toronto, | found the Governor Ge- » the public cffices and attachées removed to Quebec, and the Executive Couneil, upon whom devoives the carrying on the government, com- pletely disorganized, its bers having tendered Ubeir resignation, couseque: — the retirement of the two attornies, Gen. Baldwin and Lafentaine, from the council y abrence, | traversed the ontire penin- & direct line from Hamilton to Chatham, & tule, *# surprised at the the total ab- She aghatien, which, I Seeeres to e mi LJ a y and elerfeat, whose question, about which ena senseless clamor. and ‘There is considerable taxation, however ectement being reguiated by the manieipal councils, who represent the community. ex fetion of tolle, from whieh coaches carrying the Wai # are exempt, War quite a novelty to me, it beirg vpkown throvgh the other colonies | whic J eum well acquainted ; and J bad to th | concert comes off on Th hand in my it every hour ortwo, when travel? er ns taken IC Se, appeared, of Census taken in 1848, it that one handred heads of fi ailise, about one-half were proprietors of the farms which they occupied, and aay the other half non- prop -ietors, but oceupierss ere was a milch cow for every three pers showing agreat degree of individaal oomfort and ingapepaence. Land has greatly increased in val in that ses- bi tion of Upper Canada in particular, ween pokes — pa Bate, ny the heed e 4 tario; wild land uently sei tine, a ares dollars an acre, snd cultiy, farms 8 thirty. “t ckearved lage quantities of Indian corn grow- ing in the country through which I passed, for the soil seems well adapted; the 3 in very geverally amen: pre- vailing disease; but | noticed that , 80 far as my observation extended, not much culti- tye J It is to be regretted that the farmers, after the repeated warnings they have had of late with reference to this reot, do not substitute some other vegetable for their stock ; and as for human the potato should be used a+ table, as they wor ‘® parsnip or carrot. AMBRICANUS. Toron1o, C W., Oct. 15, 1851. Toronto and Guelph Railroad— Brantford amd Buf= Salo Railrcad— The Northern Railroad— The Cowrts —Cownty Fair—The Ministry—Jenny Lind. Nothing, perhans, has given railroad operations 80 great an impetus in Uanada, as the recent Bose ton jubilee, where our big folks were so splendidly entertained and so highly gratified—where the streams of champagne that flowed so copiously, so mellowed and enlivened their sensibilities, that since that time, we have rail vay mee! innumer- able. A new spirit of enterprise seems infused into business peoplegenerally, manifesting itself in a firm - determination to progress in railway matters. Om Saturday last, a meeting was held at Brampton, one of the small towus to dv intersected by the To- ronto and Guelph line of railioad, and several par- ties who came to oppose the measure—parties, im fact, who had been untortunstely overlooked in the invitations to Boston—were so won over by the elo- quence of our Mayor, and several other gentlemen who attended from Toronto. that ere the meeting closed, they joined in unanimously zeoommending that the township council do ‘ake stook in the to the amount of $10,000 The stock is nearly alZ taken up, so that there is every probability of m speedy move in this line Ata meeting of directors of the Brantford and Buffalo line, held in the town of Brantford, yester- day week, ‘at which tho Mayor of Buffalo and other gentlemen were present, the contract for com= pleting the entire line of roud from Magers river, to the town of Brantford, by the first of December, 1852, was taken at a very favorable figure. The poaayhd the contractors is a Mr. De Graff, of Day= ton, ‘io. Our citizens enjoyed a holiday yesterday, im honor of the inauguration of the first railway from Toronto. The principal shops were nearly all shut at an early hour in the morning, in compliance with the instructions of the Mayor. It having been ar= ranged that there should be « pr on of trades and other bodies, shortly clock the different parties be iL front of the City Hall, ia very resp: rs. In fatty od was the P the only body that seem € press, ¥ s members of it g mixed up with, erent societies which turned out, so that y «few of the knights of the quill were visible fessionally. About haif-past one o'clock they egan to move off towards the scene of action, mar- Lalled by G. T. Denison. ‘The spot chosen for the ceremony of “turning the first sod,” mediately in front ofthe Parliament Buildings. Om the further side, a large crescent-shaped form, was erected for visiters, and upwards of 2,000 go& crowded together upon it. In front was a small square platform for the overnor General and Lady Figin, part ef which was formed into a sort of tent, supplied with wine and other refreshmen' to regale the laborers after their toil. In front o! this one of our daguerrean artists pitched hie tent, with a view to ply his lawful avocation. About half-past two o'clock the procession reached the ground, and formed themselves all round in the vacant space. Shortly before three o'clock, the Governor General and Lady Ligin and suite ar« rived, accompanied by the Mayor and the directors ofthe compa: A company of the 71st Regiment lined the inside of the platform, their brass band played at intervals. The Governor ha’ ached the platform, the Mayor presented him wit address, to which bis excellency made a v suitable reply. The following pai ph from may not be uninteresting to your readers :— Tshall not attempt to dilate on the benefits which railways have conferred on all countries where have been extensively introduced, and which we may hope, by enterprise and perseverance, yet to realise for Canada. The theme is too large fur such an occasion. But I mey checevo thas the hospitality of our frends in joston gave many of us. Intely, an opportunity of seetag what they have done for Now Bngland, how they have contributed there to raise the value of pro- perty, and increase the public wealth. Of the extent to which the railway system bas been developed by our energetic neighbors, I had # me personal ex; Om the occasion of cur recent trip—as in eig! with the loss of only one night's rest, I travelled 1.500 miles, and spent several hours in each of the eities Boston, and Montreal. I am aware that there are persons who apprehend that we have passed im Canada at a bound, from the extrome of caution and ‘apathy, as regards railway undertakings, to the opporite extreme of rasbness, and who think it high time to warm us to beware of the calamities which excessive specu- lation entailed on England, in 1847 and 1848. Suele warnings ought not, in my judgment, to be despised; but neither can they be profitably listened to, unless due consideration be et the rame time paid to cireumstanees which render the experience of England in this matter ible to us. It ought to be remem- FoF gegen A *Pl for instance. that. when we build railways on this continent. we build them for the use of a am — the (wnek s Ete pr hg ry ex- tent wholly um én t will be pre- sume, that Jobb Bull is the most tray animal to be met with in Europe. Dut Joba Bull travels for the sake of tra’ 6. He has almost always before hig: some object of 01 profit at the end of his. to cheer bim on his way; and grumble as he he is at home, he is always doubly disposed when abroad. It is no injustice, however, to our bors om the other side of the line to affirm never seem more completely at home than power of steam Is hurrying them over the surface earth, or when they are snatching » hasty meal, [oon of being momentarily »ummoned to their places in the cars Lady Elgin then ste down from the platform, escorted by Hon. Mr. Boulton, the chairman of . Onreaching the bh 7 by Mr. De Wi t y having been com sion re-formed, and brok: of rendezvous Altogether, this is the = —_ eedenis pesens Toronto has ever witnessed. ie ings were consummated splendid ball ss Lawrence Hall, in the ave. Jpwards of four hundred ladies and an early bour in the np ga Ee spirst till nearly three o’eloek, A alf-pert 12 o'clock, adjournment was tke supper-room, which was very tastefally deeoe rated by Mrs lrunlop, our prinsipal confectioner town. The Champa, ‘towed pretty freely, it seemed to relish weil, as it superinduced a consi~ derable amoutt of bilarity. The heaith of the Governor General was tonsted, and he replied brief ty. Lady Elgin’s health was also drank with grea enthusiasm, cevpled with the ladies of Canada, but his Excellency, in replyirg, very jocularly reminded the company that after the of the day, it rhould bave been coupled with the navvies of Canada, and concluded by toasting “the Navigators of Canada.” The orshestra was sw plied by the band of the 7ist reginent—s mos magnificent band. Net alloy. Ms. Caprecl, whom 1 tm amount ef alloy. ir. Capre: om in m: a eee re ae dente ae derrew, ard as having been tnt and incerrant exerticns “oh such an appearance, differed, two the directors, and was deposed froasle ball tion as manager of the company. and barton had. provided were reuationne ty the board, and others revites Be the 5 So mueh for ‘ys. Our County Assizes, an@ tot acy "eck etn ha cr ei Samcen a, beret oe ok ueetion of life taten, and beped ery speealin their duty. er Our County ES uy pape upon pet ‘tnd death ts iersleet ons vi l ural Fair i te ender ing bere Froman anthentic rouree, | eam fuctieed in sayings that as yet we in Cerada Governor torday mori tions are maki Jenny Lind i >