The New York Herald Newspaper, September 27, 1851, Page 7

~~ iis Je to al Fy i ‘tate. bring out an Intelligencer, together with the Mercure dela Roer; he was moreover to receive out of the State treasury the sum of 4,000 fr ameunt at that nol under the conditions : hile on this subject, it may be mentioned that, subsequently, the ‘ietors have twice had to sustain similar conflicts with the Prussian government, but happily Anew how to defend their rights. On the 16th of January, 1814, immediately upon the downfall of the foreign domination and the withdrawal of the French from Cologne, Marcus Du Mont re-established his Cologne Gazette, pro- claimed with a German heart and a German sens the victories of the allies, and henceforth applied his entire energies and stores of his knowledge aad experience to the revived paper, which, strengthened by the addition of aliterary and scientific bei blat oreupplement, soon attained a prominent rank in the province. But thus early had the political cea torsbip begun to work. The burgomaster o Cologne forwarded to the conductors of the Guzett au order, dictated by the Russian commandant of the city, requiring him to lay before the authorities @ proof sheet of every edition, and forbidding him to issue to the public aught for which their sanction bad not been obtained in writing. Until April 1, 1820, the Cologne Gazette had ap- peared four times a week, in a half-sheet of large quarto; it was then printed six times a week. The sale, which for each edition was now estimated by thoueandg, received a notable impulse from the out- break of the Paris revolution of July, 1880, which offered the Cologne Gazette an o, “sin of being the first to announce to Eastern hurope the import- ant events in France, and alsv awakened tho puliti- cal faculties and feelings of the German people. Avout this time Marcus Du Mont, having now conducted the journal for twenty-six years, asso- ciated his son Joseph with himself in its direction, a whom alone, on the death of his father, Feb. 24, 1631, the management and legal responsibility shortly devolved. is first care was to extend the sphere of the influence of the Cologne Gazette in every direction. The number of contributors was imereaged, and on the first day of 1833 its size was enlarged, until at length, in May, 1833, the aug- mented circulation led tothe adoption of the present jarge folio sheet. It wasat this time thatthe Cologne Gazdte set the example to the German newspaper ress of absorbing the literature of the customary ei blatt into the main sheet, asa daily feuilleton. In the June of the following year, the Staats Bote, which had co-existed in the same city with the Co- logue Gazette from its establishment, became, by purchase, the property of M. Du Mont, and was | united with its ancient contemporary. sorbed ape had previously received the Verkundi- ger and the Rhentsh Corre lent into itself, the Cologne Gazelte now included all the four news- apers. F*Rotwithstanding the wide range of the Cologne Gazdte was much weakened by the interference of the censorship, and its currency thereby ly Giminished, until the accession of the present king ny jb goon freedom to the press of Prussia than preven enjoyed—a freedom which the Cologne Gazette improved with at energy. At the end of December, 1841, the first of a series of leading artieles, a form of composition unknown in the domestic cussion of German affuirs, ap- peared in the Cologne Gazete, and at the same time the arrangements of the proprietors for collect- ing and announcing intelligence received a higher organization, and were carried out with a celerit: which raised the journal to the very highest ri in the press, not only of P but of G 5 The great events waich marked the month of Fe ruary, 1848, together with the fall of the censor- ship, gave an impetus tothe success of the psper, which at that time began to h an even! well ae a morning edition, and raised the cireula! to far, that, whereas in February the sale of a daily | im pressi 4 of France, the freedom granted to the German press, which called a host of competitors into existence, and more recently the stupor which has come over the Ger- mad political world, must ne abate the demand which gave the ye Gazette this currency; but in a present daily circulation of 13,000, | the conductors are still able to congratulate them- selves upon a larger s! of support than any of | their native competi! sens oy About 1,500 copies of the Gazette are requi: for the city of Cologne; the remainder are read throughout Germany, much to the chagrin of the majority of the regents, and circulate extensively in Belgium, Holland, France, find cepecially in England. Such is the history of a taudable attempt to the prees of Germany on a level with that of Jand. Atthe present moment, the work of a ceniury appears to be endangered. The skill of | its promoters has, however, conducted it through | times equally perilous, and all the friends of true | liberty will join in the wish that the Cologne Sazette may yet serve the corstitutional cause, under a brighter sky than now overhangs Germany. Ascents of Mont Blanc. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LONDON NEWS. Having lately read an account of Mr. Albert | Smith's und three other gentlemen's ascent of Mont blane, it seems but fair that my ascension should | ale) be published. I had no wish to vaunt my ex- ploits to the public, but really, now thatthe pegers | are teeming with their ascension, which was under- | taken with far greater advantages than my own, I | bare natarally aright to claim taat mine should not be shogerber omittod. ae . | In your paper you speak of great caravan, which cmcented to upwards of thirty persons, and | of the sum of £150 , which it cost them. 1 have at | Jeast the tatisfaction of knowing that mine cost bu: little. Lagreed with three gu for fifty franes | each, and took a porter part of the wey but in con- | eequence of their good behavior, and th» great dan- | ger these men were exposed to, ier my ewn tolly of not being tied to the rope, I paid them more | than my original agreement. I xt Saenny at rter to 110’ slosk (nearly four hours after the oth and in rapidly crossing the (slacier des Bossons, lost my macs hy sen eee cver @ crevasse, where my Alpine pole and was myself sliding down the fearful abys: when | I succeeded in catch also unhuckily fel destruction by the guide in advance. 1 then crossed the remainder of the (ilacier, witha rope round my body, and bivouacked at the Grands Mulets at sunset. Mr. Albert Smith’s party were enjoying the warmth of a fire. My only covering was a blanke:, whilst the fuel war scanty; it consisted of three mall pieces of wood. which we picked up on the way. | left the Grands Malets about a quarter of an hour after the great caravan. It was midnight. | We wore ail three tied coger. We had caicu lated that the moon would be up within half an hour, and after we had been, | suppose, a couple of houre en rowte, our lanterns went out, and for some- time there was no other light than the stare of the firmament. It was a bitter moment. We were then indebted to the grand caravan for our direc tion, whieh was some liste distance in advance ‘The effect by starlight of that compact, dark body, with lanterns, was not of this world—they were moving silently along—not a voices was heard—it was the march more of spirits thas of mortals. ‘The grand plateau is sublime and awfal, worthy of the name A platean to Mont Blanc. Tne morn- | ing’s eun tise beats hollow all that {| have seen on any mountain. ; t part of the ascent was truly fatiguing the enow, worked by the others, considera ed it. | fell from utter exhaustion seve- nd at each fall was smothered with a ject which the wind drove from the My thirst wae insatiable, more intense ] have felt, more eo even than io ead Sea in the ag re te a i o jelt a great inlination tosleep. Tao of my ou es were perfectiy black in their faces, and the tae mountain. than anythin, riding to the As the ab- | PF | rate, of his reign, | the account of Polyhistor. The annals of the isappesed, bi | executed afte: the conquest of the city of J | nacherib’s annals at Koyunjik is very im | And exte: Siher as white as Hamlet's ghost. We reached the commit a few minutes after the others. The view would have been magnificent, bat it was too | high, ro much eo, that the Lake of Geneva looked | more like @ marsh than a fea. + dese: ide slid me down on thelr bet ees’ places, which We returned to | was both exciting an Chamouny at haif-past stant, td thoogb tmuch exhausted L have felt no turthor inconvenience than on infammation in the eyes, which Ineted a couple of days and almost de- ‘rived me of my sight ur journal you seen teur aerona and walked un \I., on the Mth in- rather to ridicule mere limbers of Mont Kiane na diving apparatus | having descended the | | been etill living at the period of the miracui al antiquities, (Prom Prep ti vey Fe August 23.) We havo received from Colonel Kawlingon the following important communication relative toa by him —in an inscription a So e- ib He It is @ most the king w fP to wy hese dmicses by SBeatih A © great palace 9) a ible st ing place tor sal research, and (Colonel iDamiinsen asserts) make rapid progress in fixing the , 2 Ase seeenre a 8 of the eto yslin ote loses present season, none ou will allow me to announce in the columes of t Pathencum heads of a most interesting and important discove which I have made within these few days in con- nection with Assyrian antiquities. I have succeed- ed in determinately daatiiying. the Assyrian kings of the lower dynasty, whose palaces have been re- cently excavated in the vicinity of Mosul; and I have obtained from the annals of those kings coa- temporary notices of events which agree in the most remarkable way with the statements preserved in sacred and yicene history. The king who built the palace of Khorsabad, excavated by the French, is named & (Pe ;, but he also bears in some of the inscriptions the epithet of Shalmaneser, by which title he was better known to the Jews. in the firet year of his reign he came up against the city of Sa- maria (called Camarines) and the tribes of the coun- try of Beth Homri (or ’Omri, being the name of the founder of Samaria, 1 Kings xviii. 16, sq. &c.) Hi carried off into Sooo & Assyria 27,250 families, and settled in their places colonists brought from Babpionie-sppeinting prefects to administer the country, and imposing the same tribute which had been paid to former cay The only tablet at Khorsabad which exhibits this conquest in any de- tail (plate vy is pireaely much mutilated. Should Monsieur de Sauley, however, whom the French are now sending to Assyria, find a duplicate of Shalmaneser’s annals in good preservation, | think it probable that the name of the king of [srael may yet berecovered. In the second year of Shal- maneser’s reign he subjugeen the kinkee ‘Libnah(?) and Khazita (the Cadytis of Herodotus) who were dependent upon Egypt; and in the seventh year of ‘is reign he received tribute direct from the king of that country, whe is named Pirhu, probably for “ Pharaoh,” the title by which the kings of Egypt were known to the Jews and other Semitic nations. ‘This punishment of the Egyptians by Sargon, or Shalmaneeer, is alluded to in the 20:h chapter of Isaiah. Among the other exploits of Shalmaneser, found in his annals are—the conquest of Ashdod, also alladed to in Isaiah xx. 1,—and his reduction of the neghboring city of Jamnai, called Jabaeh or Jamneh in the Bible, and Jamnaan in Judith. Io conformity with Menander’s s:atement that Shal- maneser assisted the Cittwans agaios; Sidon, we find a statue aad inscription of this king, Sargiaa, in Cyprus, recording the event ; and to complete the chain of evidence, the city, built by him and named after him, the ruins of which are now called Khorsabad, retained among the Syrians the title of Sarghun as late as the Arab conqust. | am not sure how long Shalmanese: reigned, or whether he made a sezond expedition into Palestine. His annals at Khorsabad, extend only to the 15th year ; and ——e the names are given of nu- merous cities which he captured in Cwlo- Syria and on the Euphrates—such as Hamath, Berwa, Damascus, Bambyce, and Carche- mish—I am unable to trace his steps into Judwa oper. On @ tablet, however, which he set up towards the close of his reign in the Palace of the first Sardanapalus at Nimrud, he styles bimeelf “conqueror of the remote Judwa;” and I rather think, therefore, that the expedition in which, after a bag Haye f siege of Samaria, he carried off the great body of the tribes of Isr: d which is com memorated in the Bible, as havin: boon co in the sixth year of Hezekiah, 1 f lace subsequently to the building horsabad. Without this explan: shall be embarrassed abeut dates, for . shall pre- sently show that we have a distinct novice of Senn- acheril ttack upon Jerusalem, in the third year of that 's reign, and we are thus able to deter- mine an interval of eighteen years at least to have elapsed between the last-named event and the Samaritan campaign; whereas, in the Bible, we find the t captivity to date from the sixth year of Hezekiah, and the invasion of Sennacherib from the fourteenth. a ine Ms tos tatels S. Seagamards. — isthe who tt! a ago Xoyunjik, which Mr Layard has een been excavating. He was the son of Sargina, or er; and his name, expressed entirely by mon }, nay have been pronounced Sennachi tiba. The events, at any place beyond the reach of dispute his historic identity. He commenced his career by en the Babylonians, under their king, Me *Baladan, who had also been the antagonist of his father—two important peat ot agreement being thus obtained both with Scripture oy | ead however, of the reign of Sennacherib, which I ave just deciphered alter the copy of an inscri tion taken from Mr. Layard, from one of the bul at the grand entrance of the Koyunjik palace, coa- tain those striking its of coincidence which first attracted my attention——and which, being once more ni we nati ly led to the complete un- Te ized, folding of all this f history. In his tl rear, Sennaghqzib'undertook. in the Sgt lastance, ie expedition against King of Sidon, in ndeed, we Laliga, which he was completely successfal. He wasafver- wards aged in ones against some other cities of Syria, which I have not yet ideatified— and whilst so employed, learned of an insurrection in Palestine. he inhabitants, indeed, of that country had risen against their king, Padiya, and the cfficers who had been placed in authority over them, on the part of the Assyrian monarch—and bad driven them out of the province, obligi to take refoge with Hezekiah, King of tal city of Jud. stance to the ki ByP' army of horse and foot marched to t! stance, under the command of the King of Pelusium (!). Sennacherib at once proseeded to meet this army; and, fighting an action with them in the vicinity of the city of Allaku (7), —- defeated them. Ile made many prisoners , whom he execu:ed, or otherwise disposed ef. Padiya then returned from Jerusalem, and was reinstated in his govern- ment. Inthe meantime, however, a quarrel arose between Sennacherib and Hezekiah on the subject of tribute. Sennackertb rave, the open country, taking “all the fepced cities of Judah,” and at last threatened Jerusalem. Hezekiah then made his submission, and tendered to the King of Assyria, as tribute, 30 talents of gold, 300 talents of silver, the orn: uts of the temple, slaves, boys and girls, and men servants and maid servants, for the use of the palace. All these ee Sennacherib receive after which he detached a portion of Heze- kiab’s villages, and placed them in dependence on the cities which had been faithful to im, such as Hebron, Ascalon, dd Cad: He then retired to Assyria. ly the campaign which is Seripture (2 Kings xviii, vers. 13 to 17); and it is ope 2 the sawe which is obscurely noticed by derodotus, lib. ii, c. 141, and which is further described by Josephus, Ant. lib x. ¢ 1. The agreement, at any rate, between the revord of the sacred historian and the contemporary chronicle of | Sennacheiib, which | have here copied, extends ev to the number of the talents of goldand silver which were given as tribute. | have not yet examined with fe care which it requires, the continuation of Sennacherib’s chronicle; but | believe that most of the evente attributed to that monarch by Polyhistor and Abydenus will be found in the annals. [is pretended conflict with the Greeks on the coast of Ci icia, will, I suspec:, turn out to be his reduction of the city of Javnai, near Ashdodl—the mistake having arisen from the similarity of the name of Javnai to that of Javani, or lonians, by which the Greeks were generally known to the nations of the 1 when Polyhistor say: ment of his victory (over the Greeks), and ordered his prowess to be inseribe:l on it in Chaldeon cha- rectere,” he certainly alludes to the famous tablet of the Koyunjik King at the mouth of the Nahr-el- Kelb, which appears from the annals to } The only copy which has been yet found of —_ rfect, The relic to the seventh year known as . Taylor's cylinder Jear later; but | have never seen a Ube events of the lat:er portion of his reign His reign, however, according to the Greeks, exteaded to eighteen years, sv that bis second expedition to Palestine, and the miraculous destrastion of his we Fae have occurred fourteen or fiieen years later than the campaign above described. Pending the discovery of a complete set of annals, | would not, of coure, set much store by the Greck dstes; bot it may be remarked that Ifezekia would bave etrnetion of Sennacherib’s army, even if, thos jectured, the second invasion o kings is the it to @ cer- totes Parsee must have in the wap come here sal runjik re tations from the chisels of contemporary artists, not only of Samaria, but of that Jerusalem which contained the Temple of poenan. yaare alread: berecad the Banari ng among the captives portra: the ‘marbles of ihorsabad; and whee T hall here accurately learned the locality of the different bas- relief that have been brought from Koyunji not doubt but that! shall Sot eae to distinguish the bled Hesekian = oil —— 19. H. C. Rawiinson. : be seen tbat in the above sketch I have left the question of the untouched. Upper Assyriandynasty altogether |. The kings whom [ have i d, and who form what is usually called the wel syrian d; ity, extend over a period from 7740 to BO. Th ntecedent to imaneser I think, an interregnum. At almaneser’s father seems to ion, there are no means ith the Upper Assyrian senasty we have the names of 3 but have never yet found— about B.C. there must have bee: any rate, although be mentioned in one of connecting his line dynasty. Of that ut fifteen kings nor indeed do I expect to find—any historical syn- chroniems in their annals which serve to fix their chronology. Implicitly as I believe in the honesty, and iring as I do the general acauracy, of Herodotus, ould be inclined to adopt his limi- tation of 520 years for the duration of the Assyrian Empire—a lation which would fix the institu- tion of the monarchy at about B.C. 1,126, and would bring down the date of the earliest marbles now in the museum to about B.C. 1,000. But, at the same time, I decline, without further evidence, commit- pal pelt to any definite statement on this subject. The Public Debts and Standing Armies of the Guropean States. {From the Koiner Zeitung. J The paper money now iv actual circulation in Eu rope represents a value of 1,261,423,520 dollars. The total of ae aie debt is by far larger; it :096,000 dollars. Great Britain, colonies,) bears nearly one half of this gigantic burden, viz., 5,000;000,000 dollars. The British army numbers 129,000 men; the fleet is composed of 678 vessels, with 18,000 The detail of the debts and armies of the other European States i3 as follo’ Spain—LDe bt, $1,300,000,000; army, 160,000 men; fleet, 60 vessels, with 721 guns. Austria— Debt, $1,100,000,000; fleet, 156 vessels (including gunboa‘s,) with 600 guns. Russia aud Poland—Debdt, $733,000,000 ; army, 700,000 men; fleet, 175 vessels and 440 gunboats, with 7,000 guns. The Netherlands—Debt, $731,000,000; army, 50,000 men; fleet, 125 vessels, with 2,500 guns. Prussia—Debt, $10,000,006 ; army, 121,000 men (war footing, 492,000 men;) fleet, 47 vessels and gunboats, with 114 guns. france—Debt, $1,330,000,000; army, 265,463 3 fleet, 328 ‘vessels, with 8,000 guns. amounts to 11,39 (without the men Belgium— Debt, $165, 000,000 ; army, 90,000 men ; fleet, Js, with 36 guns. Debt, $160,000,000; army, 38,000 6 vessels, with 700 guns. States —Debt, $120,000,000 ; army, 19,000 men ; fleet, 5 vessels, with 24 guns. Sardinia—Debt, $120,000,000; army, 38,000 men; fleet, €0 vessels, with 900 guns. Naples—Debdt, $100,000,000; army, 48,000 men ; fleet, 15 vi ls, with 484 gems. Bavarii ‘bt, $82,000,000 ; army, 57,000 men. Denmark—Debt, $80,000; army, 20,000 men ; eet, 33 vessels, with 1,120 guos. Saxony—Debt, $43,500,000 ; army, 25,000 men. Turkey—Debt, 40,000,000 ; army, 220,000 men ; flee:, 06 vessels, with 800 guns. : cy of Hambufg—Debt, $34,000,000; army, ,800 men. Grand | uchy of Baden--Debt, $33,000,000 ; army, T Mtanover-—Debt, $30,368,000 21,000 anover—lebt, A ; army, <1, men. ‘Wurtemberg—Dedt, $28,000,000 ; army, 19,000 men. Greeve—Debt, $25,000,000; army, 8,900 men; fleet, 34 vessels, with 131 guns. e Grand Dutchy of Meckienburg-Schwerin—Debt, $10,000,000; army, 4,700 men. Grand Dutcby of Tuscany—Debt, $10,000,000; omy, 12,000 men; fleet, 10 vessels, with 15 guns. | City of Frankfort—Debt, $7,000,000; army, 1,300 | inen. Dutchy of Brunswick—Debt, $6,803,000; army, 3,000 men Grand Dutchy of Hesse-Darmstadt—Debt, $6,- 200,000; arm: men. Electoral Hesse—Debt, $6,000,000; army, 11,000 men. ity of Lubeck—Debt, $6,000,000; army,490 men. 2uey, of Saxe-Weimar—Debt, 4,000,000; army, men. Dutchies of Schleswig and Holstein—Debt, $4,- 000,000; oy navy. Duteby of Anhalt Dessau and Koethen—Debt, $3,500,000; army, 700 men. City of Bremen—Debt, $3,000,000; army, 500 men. Dutchy of Saxe-Coburg Gotha. —Debt, $2,556,000; army, 1,200 men. Dutchy of Saxe-Meiningon—Debt, $2,500,000: srry, 2,400 men, Duteby of Naseau—Dedt, $2,000,000 ; army, 3,500 | men Duteby ef Parma—Debdt, $1,800,000; army, 5,000 men. Lg = of Anhalt-Bernburg—Debt, $1,500,000 ; army, 300 men. mens Saxe-Altenburg—Debt, $1,500,000 ; army, 1,000 men. Norway—Debt, $1,500,000 ; army, 23,000 men; fleet, 160 vessele, with 560 guns Grand Duteby of Oldenburg—Debt, $1,200,000 ; | army, 600 men. Landgravate of ILesse Homburg—Debt, $860,000; army, 350 men. Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt—Debt, 252,000 ; army, 540 men. Principalit of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen -— Deb:, $60,000; army, 4 Danubian Prine buce to Turkey, 3,00 —No debt; annual tri- | 0,000 piastres; army, 6,800 | men. Servia—No debt; tribute, 2,000,000 piastres; | army, 3,000 men. Sweden.—No debt; army, 34,000 men; fleet, 340 | vessels, wi 400 gum | Dutehy of Modena. o debt; army, 3,500 men. | etmold.—No debt; army, Mecklenburg Strelitz.—No Grand Dutchy of debt; army, S00 men. Prineip of Reuss.—No debt; army, 745 men Prine ity of Lip chauimburg.—No dedt; army, 450 men Prinespality of Waldek.—No debt; army, 520 men. Principality of Lichtenstein.—No debt; army, 60 men. Switzerland —No debt; army, £9,500 men, a | small number of whem ouly is in actual service. Repablic of San Marino —No debt, and no army. Miscetianeo: Sin Witssam Parnes exp in the count, & tracted illness, aged 7: the office of Deputy Li Peace for the county o Lieutenant Colonel of ment. ‘ tervices in Egy at his seat, Danally, Tot inst., afte P th He, for ¥ years, filled nant and Justice of the a er * Roll ‘dal for his militar: pt in 1801; and the war medal, wit pearing the names of * "sd nd * Bao pt campaign. ped tion to Walcheren, in 179); and was with the regi- ment, at St. Helena, during the exile of Napoleon | Denaperte. He married, in 1813, Louisa, daughter of Charles Jobnstene, I.sq, of Ludlow, Salop.-- Dution Evening Mai. Tne Kine or Prussia any Paixce Metren- | sicu.—As Prince Metternich is about to return to | his villa on the Rennweg, in Vienna, it may be in- teresting to make kaown that he is now in faver not only at heme with the l-mperor, bat at Johannis- berg with the King of Prussia. As King Frederick | William was on bis way to Mayence, he sent a let- | ter to P’rinee Metternich, saying that he could no‘ think of passing by his resideace without sociog bim, and he proposed therefore to pay him a visit Accordingly, when the steamer approached the landing to Jobannisberg, the Princess Metiernich eppeared at the i ae and aecompanied the King upto the castle here the Prinee, whore bodily wilings had rendered him unable to weet the King at the ianding, met the King, and they spont a considerable time in conversation in the getden, until @ shower came on and put an end to the moe irg. The I’ritce of Prussia remained on board th fleeme t, [reterd.ng illness Foreign Mt hy order « martial t nt from Germany «tates, . ‘ Migitet) te a | and in the vee | Gregory, an I: | distillery at this wee | dente I ever drank. Left Panama, N. G., on Wednesday, 234 April, 1651, at 4 o'clock, P. M’,and arrived e¢ Busushes, tura at 3 o’clock, P. M., onthe 25th: Left Buena- ventura at 8 o’clock on the 27th for Salcito, up the tiver Dagua. Buenaventura is siti about 6 miles above the entrance of the g' of Choro. ‘here two remarkable rocks close to each other, n St. Peter and St. Paul. The than- nel varies in depth from 5 te 7 fathoms to within six hundred yards of the town, and there Lone easily anchor in 6 to 7 fathoms ; there isno d going in or coming out ; the channel can be tound by goundings. As you approach to the Gulfof Choco, you will perceive a ledge of roeks on your left running out a mile or more; at times the water breaks furiously over them. rocks St. Peter and St. Paul must be kept on your left going in, (larboard Peng’ and in sight ofthe aforesaid ledge. The town is situsted on low marshy ground, and ccntainsabout 600 inhabitant it is the depot for the towns of Cali, Popeyes, some other, in the interior. The land ia the vici- nity of this place islow, and very little cultivated ; the people are very kind and civil to strangers, but ike Panama and other places, disposed to charge a high eae tels, price for their serv: ere are no public ho- | Senora Isabel Clemente’s, where the bes+coffee and | ut afew persons can get accommodated at | e this country. has been oat beneficial another important re- Loss than two years ago our city was filled with ‘gamblin, saloons of ever; tion, and the most fartinating attractions wore. used to entice the unwary. was no place of _, There r peblio resort which did not afford this amusement. ewspapers could eeldom be Were fcatce—men were of a 8: disposition, and felt at the time none of the restraints which were ipponed on them at home. Hundreds wore led into pernicious vice, and have been ruined in conse- quence. Now we have concerts, theatres and a social circle, at all which we are thrown into the of woman, which is a suflicient check, if not excitement, to prevent a resort to the gaming ‘We have not spoken of the great change that has tri d in the mode of living. It is eb arent to all, and to it may be attributed the freedom from disease which is 0 universally enjoyed in our city. Should California continue to improve in a social point of view as she has dono in last year, she will have within herself the necessary elements to wake her all that is desirable for tho enjoyment of chocolate can be had. Sunday, April 27, left Sal- | life tito; detained at Buenaventura two days on ac- count of high water; and doubtful if1 can get up or not. On the 28:b, left a small village contain, ing about ten houses, auicalled Pueblo La Cruz- On the 29th, arrived at Milcota’s house, and at Sal- | tito about 12 o’clock. ‘This is @ small place on the river Dagua, containing about 100 inhabitants; here you leave the canoe youstarted in, and take | another above the town and proceed to Salto, where the Custom House is located; the same ca noe will take you up. I have never seen such a mountain stream as the upper part of this river; it is a succession of rapids. Arrived at Juntas on the 20th, at 3 P. M. his is a considerable village, beautiful and neat in appearance; it is situated on | ® point of land with the river Pepita on one side, | and the river Dagua on the other. It is enti: surrounded by mountains, and has the appearance of an amphitheatre. The whol: of the country is densely timbered down to the margin of the river. Junta, bas apopulation of about 200 persons. May 1, delayed at Juntas all day, waiting for mules. On the 2d, left for Cali. Tie mountain of Juntas, is very high and precipitous; ilar to the Cruces road (on the Isthmus) only worse; itis about four leagues before you get clear of it, then you emerge into an open country. The bills and mountains are clear of tim- ber, and are, with the plains, considerably culti- vated. The appearance of the mountains, gul:hes, and river, look exactly like the mining laads of California, and [ am told that gold ex- ists in very considerable quantities, and from ths looks of the country, 1 am induced to think so also. Stopped at Martin Garcia’s house upon the Rio Dagua. May 7, at night, arrived at Cali. The city of Cali lie the foot of the western Cordille- rag. Itis situated on a vast plain (properly valley) on an average of twenty miles wide by one hundred and fitty in length. “The city is beautiful; the jaid out at right angles; pure fresh water bh the streets; the sidewalks and streets are all paved with cobble stones; it is both cleanly and healthy. There are some ten or more churches in the place, and a very fine bridge across the river “de Cali.” The houses are built of “adobe,” enerally one story high ; the house of Sor. F. Byrne, a palace ; is is two stories high. ‘This place comes nearer the garden of Eden, than I ever ex- pected to see on earth. Climate is fine, neither too warm nor too cold ; fine pure water from the moun- | tuins; luxuriant vegetation in every direction,— aches, oranges, plantains, bananas, pine apples, lemons, limes, cocoanuts, mangoes, rice, corn and otatoes. 1 cannot enumerate all the fruits grow- | ing in this fertile valley. It is between the two ranges of the Cerdilleras, near ths foot of the weat- ern ore. The C ver is a fine large stream ; it runs through the whole of this valley near its centre. The population of Cali, including suburbs, may be set down at about 19,000 souls ; it is tho poe town of the provinceof Buenaventura. ‘T'ae whole ulation of the valley may probably be E3d,000. "larger town than P an isa er town di situated et the extrem: ity of the valley. ring ice from Popayan to Call in two days tide. There are some four or five considerable | towns at different points in the valley, viz: Cali, Palmyra, Buga, Cartego, Calato, Quiliocha Ran- ililio, and others. The following are the prices of «f come of the leading articles of | yam at Cali: Corn, 26 Ibs. for 2 rials; potatoes, 25 Ibs. tor 4 rials; teef, (fresh) 26 lbs. for 6 to 8 rials; riee, 25 Ibs. for é rials; sugar, 25 be. for 8 rials; pork, (fresh) 25 Ibs for 8 yur. 25 Ibs. for $134 to $2; coffee, Gy. per Ib ; ehoeolate, 1 rial per Ib.; candles, (tallow) Sc. ® ; tobacco, 14 rials for 25 lbs ; salt, 112 Ibs. for $12; do, 3¢ rial per bottle. Fize freeh butter with ice, and ice cream;—only -_ a — ore eats S ay ap © plenty of good milk. sé, one dozen for a via); a good fowl for two riake-amall ones at one rial. ‘urkeys, ducks, geese, and everything in the shape of fowls. This is also a fine country for rais- ing mules, horses and cattle, without trouble. At every motion of the eye, the country presents a dense and beautiful coat of grass—no swamps—no stagnant pools; nothing but what the eye can dwell upon with pleasure. is a weekly mail run- ning from the different towns. Fine and delicate fish are caught inthe Caucariver. There are beau- tiful country seats in all . Sugar planta- tions and coffee estates, all through the valley. There is good ground for @ road from this place to Buenaventura, the sea port. Left Cali for Calato, June 3d, 1851; arrived at Calato same day. The city contains about 1,000 inhabitants; it is laid out between two small rivers, running nearly parallel with each other. ‘The | houses are built of adobe, and the streets paved with cobble stones. Very little business done here, owing to the disturbed state of the country. P, visions are as te bed not cheaper, than at Cal and the country and cli very fine; they have it water here that I tasted. This place ituated at the base of the castern Cordilleras, ® very fine the best agua- The Pest, Present and Future, of California. (From the San Francisco Courier, Aug. 15 The changes which Caljfornia has undergone, during the past few months, in a social point of view, ls no less astonishing than any of its various revol| s. It is becoming matter of daily re- mark, and affords subject of comment for immi- giants who are daily flocking to our shores, that | ld be so far advanced in the comforts and | luxuries of civilized and eatic life. When we | reflect that less than thi ‘ears ago, this now flourisbing State was considered on the confines of | civilization, as beyond the reach of all the domes- tic conveniences and comforts of life, and ite popu- | said the Doctor tore it; but he showed no wounds | or bruises. | mietress. lation looked upon as beyond the oy of society, and to some extent as outcasts—that its resources were insignificant—we are struck with wonder at | the charge. When we look back to the day when | we left cur home on the Atlantic shore, and ro | | | ceived the kind admonitions of a beloved mother, | humble tent in which with our associates we lived, | , cur bark vaults | jorebip of woman we had no hom | ie being mere the blessing of a father, and the parting embrace | ofa and ventured on the trackless waste of | wate i El Dorado, we ca rue, bepe predom' y a dread that our golden visions would not be fulfilled. At | t, we bad been taught to believe that in Cali- forma, although we might procure tae wealth of an Asior, yet we were to be deprived of all that is | calculated to make life a pleasure. We found here a rude state of society, it is true —but withal we look upon those early days with » stiarge degree of satisfaction and pleaser. The jace in the eyesof many. We felt con- pps, and under its canvass have fared jept as sweetly, and enjoyed es much content, yea more, than in the chambers of an As- tor or an living House. Then we had no organized bards of desperadoes to keep us in constant terror, and peril our lives and property. Our purse was as | safe under our pillow as it would now be in any of | Hus with all this nt content and crjoyment, there was someti wanting, out which we must inevitably become discon- | d with our tion. For a while ourimmense d reconcile us to its abronce, | felt that wi the future were unsettled—we could scarce realize that this comtry was for years to become the hemes of ro meny of the sex, and we yearned for the day when we might be enabled to return to eur fer distant homes, and once more join the social circle A brief two years hae elapsed, and what a change has taken place. Instead of the lowly tent under the wide spreading eres we now fiad the me cottage, with its tastily planned gardens ane ks. Instead of the half dozen unthaved, ua- cashed, rollicking fellows who inhabited the tent, thatone of the number has changed werpers, and now, with bis happy wife rg children, jeads a Jife of happin i luitional charm to the d than when he can meet his lesa jates at his home. Nor is In all directions around our U of fami- p be kee bey seem to b The new be are me Hh Ube Cha” ge dab Vid Dyameselg GyAdiioR | friend the Kev Mr. Treadwell s | perbape, mere spacethan it deserves, to this little | Kentuck ‘The Late Tragedy in Misstssipp!. A correspondent of the N. O. Pi. »Writing from Port Gibson, under date of the Sth ins:., and speak- ing of the murder of the Rev. Jeremiah Ch Jain, president of Uakland » and the suicide of his murderer, George A. Briscoe, says:—On the afternoon of Friday last, the Sth inst., about half- past 4 o'clock, Mr. Briscoe, on his from Rod- ney, called at the gate of Dr. Cham! "8 resi- dence. ‘The doctor being informed of tho fact, went to the Rie Mr. B. still retains his seat in his cab. ¢ conversation between them commenced while the doctor was yet in the yard. In the con- tinuance of it, he leaned on the top of the gate. Soon his two daughters, who were eye witnesses of the Scene, heard Mr: 8. exclaim, in a very angry tone, “You lie! politician,” &c. It issupposed that he re- ferred to a printed card in which the doctor publicly denied the suspension or expulsion of a student be- cause of his political views and opinions. To the repeated declaration, “You lie!” the «loctor was heard to say, “You must prove that;” when Mr. B. at once leaped from his vehicle, and with his loaded whip felled the doctor to the ground, and ashe at- tempted to rise, other blows again prostrated him; and, as he was about to rise a second time, Mr. {. drew forth a bowie knife, of eight-inch biade, and plunged it into the doctor’s heart. He rose not- withstanding, and started towards the house, about fifteen or twenty paces distant. His son-in-law coming Hae at the time, saw Mr. B. wipe tho blade of knife, and then drive off. The dos- tor, leaning on his son-in-law, entered the door, remarking “I am killed.” He fell on the floor of the passage, and in a few moments closed his eyes in death. On examination five severe wounds, inflicted with the loaded whip, were found on the forehead, crown, and back ot the head, and in addition to the fatal wound in the breast. Verdict of the Coroner’s jury unani- Fe lurder.” Yesterday the remains of Dr. Chamberlain, after appropriate religious services, were carried by his friends to their last resting place in the college burial ground. But this is no: the end of the tragic scene. Mr. B., on his way home from tke fatal deed, called upon two of his friends, and told them that he had stabbed Dr. Chamberlain in self defence. ‘That he banded his loaded whip to the Doctor, and he beat him with it to sucha degrce, that he was compelled to kill him. He then showed them his hat, which was torn, and When search was made for him that S tered the the Hays House, where he was received by the and Corporation in an addrese—to which tie Exelon cy, the Governor General, was pleased to make the fol- owing reply :-— 1 Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen—I thank you sin- cerely for this cordial welcome to Montreal. 4 grea enhanced pleasure which I have derived om my visit to our hospitable neighbors, I should have been able on my return. in with your ievitation, 10 pesomeeny, ou to this . I think, in- deed, that’ we #1 be justly chargeable with ingrati- tude if we were not prepared to acknowledge most ly our sense of the which we experienced . In from Se Mapes oe ene morning, in the railway cars, to which he conducte 1 wade an observation to I fear he hardly caught, and which I am glad in opportunity of repeating mow, as I feel comfi- de! will meet your approval. I him to re- = ber S0e.Bianeell, aud te remind his citizens, that the admirable railways which had brought £0 pear to Boston, snd rendered it so easy for Canadians to go thither, had had a like effect in bringing Boston near to Camada,and making it easy for Bostonians to come tous; and I venturea to express the hope, that if he and his frierds made the tral, they would find that the excellent virtue of hospitality which is in- cluded among the many virtues practised by the citl- zens Cf Bocton, is one which we are glad to imitate, I accept this address from you, however, gentlemen, lets ae & mark of personal regard than as'an emphatic declaration on your part of your loyal consideration for the cftice and position of the representative of your sove- reign. I value it the more highly on this account. I believe that a proper respect fur that office is one of the main pillars on which the fabric of eocial order, im the preservation of which you, as members and representa- lives of a commercial community, have the deepest ine terest, is supperted; and L need not remind you that the constitution of your country has wisely provided means by which you are enabled to bring the course of govern- ment into harmony with the feelings of the people, with- out violating that respect. You ure pleased to express satisfaction with the mapnerin which Canada was rep. resented by me, on @ late intere:ting occasion. You express that satisfaction in terms far too flattering to me But most assuredly, I did not forget, when I for myself im the presence of a great and friendly nation, that I, too, had the honor, in virtue of my official position, to represeot a counbey vas in ex- tent, fertile in resources, and richor still im the posses- tion of # risivg, an active, an intelligent and noble hearted peop) ‘or nearly five years, at the command of our beloved Queen, I have filed this position among you—dircharging its duties, often imperfectly, mever carelessly or with indifference We are all of us aware that the period is rapidly approaching when I may exe pect to be required by the same eracious authority to re- sign into other, and, I trust, worthier hands, the high office of Governor General, with the heavy burden of responsibility and care which attaches toit. It is fitting, therefore, that we should now speak to each other frank- ly, and without recerve, Let me assure you, then, that e severance of the formal tie which binds us together will not cause my earnest desire for your welfare and advancement to abate The extinction of an official relationship cannot quench the conviction which I have so long cherished, and by which I have been supported throvgh many trials, that a brilliant future is ip store for Britisn North America ; or diminish the interest with which I shell watch every event which tends to the ful- filment of this expectation. And again permit me to ature you, that when I leave you—be it sooner or later— Isball carry away with me'no recollections of my o- jour among yeu, exeept such as are of a pleasing cha- recter. I shal) remember—and remember with grati- tude— the cordial reception which [met with at Montreal when I came a stranger among you, bearing with me for my sole reccmniendation the commission of our sove- oa I shall remember those early months of my resi- dence here, when I learnt in this beautiful neighbor- hood. to appreciate the charms ef a bright Canadian winter day, and to take delight ia the cheerful music of your sleigh bells. I shell remember one glorious after- pooL—an afternoon in April—when, looking dowa from the bill at Monklands, on my returo from transacting business im your city, I beheld that the vast plain stretching out before me, which I had always seem clothed in the white garb of winter, had assumed night by legal authorities, he could not be found. Yesterday afternoon, he was discovered by a negro. He was lying on the ground, in a very dense part of the woods, in a dying state. A physician was im- mediately called to him, but could give no relief. He had become almost black in the face, very much swollen, and the blood was oozing from various parts of his bo?y He lived a few hours. This morning acoroner’s inquest was held, and the body identi- fied. Verdict, “* Death from causes unknown.” Dr. Chamberlain formerly resided in Gettysburg, Pa., and married a daughter of the late Jacob Metzger, Eeq., of Haxover, Pa. Jenny Lind at the Nuptial Altar. (From the Buffalo 2 Y.) Courier } 2 are two reasons why we place the followin, e notice out of the ordiaarily allotte to matrimonial mouncem ent:— “Married, in St. Paul's Church, Lewiston, on Sunday, the llth inst., by ev. A.C, Treadway, Miss Marga- ret Atkinsonand Mr. James C, Mason.” One is that Margaret was fora longtime a ser- vant of ours, and her uniform fidelity, uprightness, ety nature, intelligence, modes:y, and quiet cheer- ulress, seoured for hera strong feeling of regard from all of our little family. Margaret withal @ handsome face of her own anda personable figure. She is also neat and tidy in her appearance, aad it was therefore no matter of surprise tous that Mr. Jimmy Mason, and one or two other good looking yourg chaps should have pulled our door bell now and then of an evenin; nd enquired if ‘Miss Margaret’ was home. had our suspicions of Master Jimmy, all along, and his perseverance has at length been crowned with ‘‘great success” by changing ‘‘the local habitation and name” of Mag- ie into tbe more formidable one of Mrs. James land Mazon. t fpring, however, for reasons now tolerably plain, she leit her home with us, to go to the Falls, where J. C. M. was residing. During the summer, she hashad charge of part of the rooms at the Clifton House, and it is not vm | that ocsasion- ally, when off duty, her present liege may have found opportunity of communicating his personal “views” to her in one of those long walks that peo- ple sometimes take of a summer evening at fash- jonable watering pl: Among other rooms under her charge are those occupied by Miss Jenny Lind, whose sterling good sense could scarcely have failed to discover the many good points in Mar- garet’s character. On Saturday last, Maggie, in the most strictly private and confidential manner possible, commu- nieated to Miss Lind’s maid the fact that on the following day she was to be married, and the maid, as in duty bound, communicated the same to her No sooner was this done than Miss Lind, with the same kird-heartedners that is one of her marked characteristics, and with what we can tearcely fail to attribute to a genuine desire for Maggie's happinesr, resolved that sho would be mistress of ceremonics on the happy cccasion, and immediately took Mar- aret’s part in it under her own supervision. fon her the “fair bride” (anda fair one she is) received preeents of beautifel ear rings, breastpio, loves, fan, the wedding bonnet, &c , &c, and by | on the was decked out for the iateresting ceremony. This completed, Miss Lind read to her and to her future husband tha: beautiful —— ot Holy Wr t, wherein are set forth the peculiar duties to- ach other of those who are about to enter ried state Miss Lind then ordered her own rriege, aod taking into it her companion, Miss Armausen (we don't undertakes to tay that we've spelled her name correctly) and Miss Maggie, started for Lewiston, followed in another carnage by Mr. Otto Goldsmith and the happy Mr. James Copeland Mason. Artived at Lewiston, they _— ceeded to the Episcopal church, entered, walked up | to the chan:el rail, and there, Miss Lind oMciating as bridesmaid, and Mr. Otto Goldsmith as groome- map, were united in holy wedlock by out excellent We have given, episode in the life of M’lle Lind; but it struck us as illustratmg too fully the simple frank-heartedness of the Nightingale, to be passed by Tne Proexsss or Opp Fettowsiir in rik Unsriep Stares.--The following istics respect- ing this order, were reported at the recent meoting of the Grand Lodge in this city. The Order now 188,000 members in this country, and 2,000) kcdges Vee the past year there were tiations. Receipts for the year about & Assvat Rerort oF Grasp asp Senonvina claim sme BOW. Grasso Loar oF rier sme Year exorse Jone 90, 1851 No.of Revenwe of Pennsylvania . Dir tof Columbia, Ohi . Louiriare ... New Jersey. Nerth'n New York. 406 ‘lhere were bo returt on @ sudden, and, as if by enchantment, the livery of spring; while your nobie St. Lawrence, burst- ing through his icy fetters, hud begun to eparkle in the sunshine, aud to murmur his vernal hymn of thanksgiving to the bounteous Giver of I and beat. Isball remember my visits to your Mechanies? Tustitutes and Mercantile Library Associations, and the kind attention with which the advice which I tendered to your young men and citizens was reeeived by them. Iebell remember the undaunted courage which the merchants of this city. while suffering under the pressure of @ commercial crisis of almost un) ‘led te verity, urged forward that great work whi was the first step tcwarde placing Canada in her p porition in this age ofrailway progress. I shall the en- ergy an jotiem which gathered industry, from all rts of pin me for World's Fair, and which been the means of rendering this con- ception of the illustrious cousort of our beloved Queen, more serviceable to Canada than it has. to any other of the countless comm bave been reprerented there. AndI shall { ‘but Bo— what I might have had to forget is m already; and, therefore, I cannot tell you what I shall forget. The delivery of his Excellency’s speech was marked with prolonged cheers, and other marks of satisfaction, by thore present. After three cheers for Lady Elgin and three for Lord Bruce, his Kxeellency etepped forward, and, in « short speech, presented bis Homor, the of Montreal, with a gold chain or collar. New York State Tax ror te Scrront or Bcoows. —The following is the apportionment by the State Su- prrintendent of the sum of $800,000, to be raised on the real and personal pore Se State. by the “ Act for the establishment of Free Schools throughout the State,” passed in April last:— Corrected Valuation Amount of Counties. of 1850. "os. - $17,553,463 $19,289 35 4,362,183 4,793 58 “ise: = Gan as 11.162,522 12,206 = 3,887,234 4271 65 4.939.212 5,427 65 2.289 868 2516 32 8,938,682 9.22 56 2615 M4 3.769, 4142 19.87 21,835 89 17,819,967 19032 76 1,646! 1,809 69 Logos amt fa lV Ba 7,100 my 2.087, 3,827 834,207 ‘307 28 Herkimer. 708,664 6470 08 Jeffers 951,600 8,738 00 980,866 49,429 00 361000 2.594 49 1,226,654 12.096 83 Madison 6 967,052 7,006 00 Monroe 15,566 010 17,106 34 Montgomery. 3 5¥9.8i3 8,965 80 New fork . 286061516 314,350 62 B86 6144 4 231 14447 8 7.002006 19771 22 M4897 15,885 68 12418,962 13.647 09 5 208,069 6.717 62 $8,068,778 8.483 76 5,495,069 5,973 53 3,280 188 3014 47 12484750 13.719 40 14177,503 4,570 63 6,750,480 7427 OL . 497.981 coceee Q77R786 Withee re scsvnsee CertiSeates of this apportionment have been ferward- $800,000 00 ed by the Superintendent to the several county clerks, whose duty it is to lay such certificates before the Board, cf Supervisors of their respective counties, on the firet day A their annual session —Jdibany Evening Jevrnaly Sept. 2. Finns 1x THe Foresrs or Maint No Massacit= saris.—The fires have been on various bende, in the woods. We hope the storm has one far to put them out. In Washington county, in this State, as we have several times noticed of late, the fires have been very destructive. Nos. 10 and 16 have been burned o No. 40 was on fire at last accounts, ig Nos. 34 an Hancock county is suffering severely. It is r orted that two di g houses in Tom t have Veen burnt. In Cw the damage done the Cutler Co., who are larg prictors of timber lands, ts esti- matedat $150,000. All their land has been barnt over In Meseachusetts, much damage is going on. A East Maiden, on Saturday « oe 8 prone ot woods, on what was formerly known as the [ich- ardeon estate, got on fire, ‘and about tie y seree were burnt over, On the eame afternoon, the word on the estate of Captain Neaben Ware, ast Necébem, about a mile from the Depot, took ire It was found neceseary to rend for wi 1 churcket, ard the corgrepations were dismissed. | After burning over neerly a mile, the fire was fra ly beaded cf in the afterneon; and th | which followed tirely quenched it except t till burnisg at tae last nal, Set. BW.