The New York Herald Newspaper, March 25, 1851, Page 6

ORIGINAL ARTICLES. Seuth Carolina has been Uaroughout thé whole period of its history, by some of the most striking end brilliant characteristics that ever be- says Leek Comphell, frum Uipins. foam Vinnius, of from Yonged toa nation. Founded, in part, by the best | ‘y's .S bloed of France, the Huguenots, who escaped from | witht waned Was con! a the perseoutton that followed the revocation of the ta am op plea hy eyhn Ede ediet of Nantes, she has afforded many brilliant ex- a amples of successful achiovements in arta, inlotters, | KPosinlee Oh chute felt ceorn equally for the phiioeo- in statesmanship, andin arms. Bringing with them | phy of Bacon and the law of Justinian. from France, as the early settlers did, the spirit of | .,,i” our own country: the splendid examples of several heroism which seems to be inherent in the French ly the study of She obvi ae, - ky == a ent, Sharacter; a love of personal independence, for which | 804 Mr. Justice Story, have. in oo % id acknowledged to have been received from it 2o nation was ever more distinguished than the Hu- | wisi opinions earnestly commended it to aye alieoe Suenots; # spirit of liberty and of aristocracy, (that attention, ner eens omit from the li-t of eminent Sriatocracy which is natural to héroic and splendid | Ancric civ RRS Cee Tipe of the late Dations)—these qualities were infused into the body ugh 8. Legare. of the people; and long before the American revo- How are Americans Educated? lution, many noble exainples of lofty character were | _ There bas never been but one nation in the world exhibited in the history of the State. _ | that pretended to edueate the entire body of its It was, however, at the period of the American re- | People. That nation is the United States. The an- Folution, that the attention of the world was fastea- | ¢ieat Hebrews were brought up under a theocratic ed particularly upon the part she played. South | 7égime, which, at different peridds, assumed differ- Caroliaa was the field of one of the fiercest and best | ¢at forms. Sometimes the exponent, or adminis- fought struggles of that bloody era. We need | trator, wasa lawgiver, like Moses; and again, the Searcely allude to what took place thore, for the | Whole systtn of government fell into the hands of events are engraved so deeply on the pillars of the a series of judges, till, at last, after the interven- republic, that they can nevor be blotted out. They | tion of prophets, and wise and learged men, a king- are fresh in the recollections of the present.genera- | dom was established more than a thousand years tion, for they have served to embellish the brightest before the Christian cra, which continued, with a pages of our history. Sumpter, Marion, Moultrie, dismemberment of the monarchy into two parts. and a host of others, are names which will never die, | Under various aspects, the nationality subsisted it ngular to see what a list of names that have till the time of the destruction of Jerusalem, and become illustrious in tho various departments of life, | the final dispersion of the tribes in Israel. oan be arrayed in the history of South Carolina. Among the numerous injunctions left to the He Bubtocome to our own immediate times; we re- | brew nation by Moses, their principal lawgiver, call with great vividness, the momentonr eye turns in | ¥#S one to instruct their children continually in the that direction, Hayne, McDuffie, @slhoun, Ham | Precepts and practices of their religion. But we find mond, aad others, illustrious in eloquence, in legis | 8° Account given of a system of education as under lation, and statesmanship. We remember Thomas | 00d in our sense of the term. The Jewish child Grimke, Hugh S. Legare, and othem of the like | 78 brought up to follow in the footsteps of his stamp. And particularly, in literary aspects, have father, with no liberty of thought or action whieh we mach case for admiration; for the contributions | Could, by any possibility, contravene established that have been made by the South Carolinians to | Opinions. Hence, a system of common place formali- the literature of this country have exceeded that of | tY as inculcated, which annihilated independence of any other, and, we had amost said, all the Southern | Private judgment, and rendered all progress impos- “States. The speeches of Mr. Calhoun will live as | sible. The Augustan age ofthe Jewish monarchy long as the English language exists. They are | WS under the reign of Solomon; but, from all ac- models of pure, fervid, classical eloquence, which | Counts, we are led to suppose that the chief source of remind us of the best display: of the forensic ages | the prosperity of the State, at that period, should of Greece. be attributed to the poliey which Solomon adopted, ‘The writings of Mr. Legare are, in our judgment, | Which consisted chiefly in cultivating a spirit ofeom- surpassed by very few in the English language. | mercial intercourse with foreign nations, in total ‘There was a spirit of freedom, and a.love of the violation of every principle of the Jewish religion. beautiful, a spirit of heroism, a depth of learning, | Selomon was a very enlightened and liberal prince, anda heart of humanity about all he wrote, which | audappears to have been a great statesman. He fill the appreciating reader with sentimeats of ad- | had no idea of restricting himself to the Book of miration, encouragement and hope. The Southern | Deuteronomy. He had nine hundred wives and con- Quarterty Review, the only quarterly review, in | cubines., He was on terms of the greatest intimacy fact, which has ever been able to live in the South- | with Prince Hiram, of Tyre, at that time the most ern States, has been celebrated, for a long period, | powerful ofall the maritime nations of the East, and for the learning and brilliancy of its articles, and | he cultivated commercial and profitable relations for the lofty and generous spirit it breathed. It has | withthe Queen of Sheba and the monarch of received its principal contributions from Grimke, | Egypt. Ie educated his countrymen in architec- Legare, Hammond, Calhoun, Simms, and others | ture, sgriculture and commerce. He sent his ships Who were associated with them. ges which lasted three years; and the proba- But our object was not so much to speak of the ‘ies are very strong that he either discovered eminence of his cotemporaries, or of those who had | California or worked its gold mines. gone before him, as to make a slight review of the But the Jewish nation dwindled to decay. -One recent pamphlet, by Mr. Walker, which has just | of the principal sources of their dispersion and de- appeared in South Carolina. ‘Treating ona sub- | struction can, undoubtedly, be traced to the faet ject about which no man cam be supposed to write | that the masses of the people were never educated, a single line, unless he has investigated it in all its | inthe sense we attach to that term. There was no bearings, viz: the Roman civil law,he bas pro- | liberty of private opinion. Society and government duced am essay, which, had it appeared in England, | were constructed on the basis of an absolute mo- among the reports of the higher courts, and pur- | narchy, or oligarchy; and, exeept at certain perio As, ported to bave come fiom Lord Campbell himself, | no enlightened policy seemed to prevail, either in could have hardly been read with greater admi- | the church or state. The vitalizing energies which fe wo can trace in those nations that have maintained ‘The following information about the author of | their sway over mankind, are lacking in the orga- this cannot but be interesting to our readers:— | nization of the Hebrew commonwealth. From be- M. Walker is hint ginning to end, as far as history gives us any means of ing an opinion, the Jewish nation were unedu- d, priest-ridden, and confined within the narrow of a form of religion which allowed no men- tal philosophy or inetaphysical expansion, ‘There was less scope of intellect, and there is, to this di w about t a He has b neighborhood, and among his friends, as a | amoi ¢ Jewish people, than any other in the couteivutor to the ‘Southers Quarterly Review wnd th» | “0Hg the P ie ins enals of that Stste, He isa nervous writer, | World, that has filled so large a space in history, or elegant and pr repicuous in hix +tyle. and effective ia bis | gecupied so permanently the attention of mankind. i he est and purest 5 + w 7 Lakin hoy or gl nn poe The ancient Greeks never thought of exte ectual cultivation beyond the schools of 1 During the last State elee- je doe ap ay ", | phy: and, althongh it may seem derogatory to our ed in ‘vf being elected. He now even in ced but # few vot ag the lend t ms MOTE partic is to speak of br f the bar, at Charleston. however, in this article. to which we have | vt | 2 g, that not one Greek in a hand time of Pericles, could write his native i ifined to a few, and the ft in p ignorance. Sparta w: and mage nt State; and she has fame in the history of the Greek nations. highest conception the Spartan formed of educa- Although the « fifty pages, it = subjects: issertation embraces but eats of the following | ned immortal But the 1. Mivtor ketch of the eivil lawin Engiaad p 2 The doctrine of remainders | tion was to surrender his child to the State, to the service of his country. He was taught to be- lieve that, beyond the limits of pwn nation, all tle. mankind were barbarians. And, although he | might, in many ins step beyond the cirele of education wh pnged to his sphere, never to have dreamed that there wi nation on the globe worthy of the nam There were schools enough i | true. At allevents the porticoes lyceums have resounded through t given names, as well as dictated philosoy D Posccasio fratris de fecdo «implied. facit sororen esse turredem, 6. Hereditas, nunquam we 0 Rede ia y's case Of course, it will not be expected that in the narrow Limits of a daily newspaper, (which like a comera obsewa, must receive and reflect all the objects | poteg which pass before lenses every hour,) we shall | J attempt to analyze carefully «ither the elements or the treatment of the subject of this pamphlet. It would be enough to say that Ir. James Louis Peti- to : a? . “| future generations. But, after all, we have yet to = yee ni ase Loam and jurist, bestows learn that the mass of the Greek p ehad any i a i aig | proper conception of what independence of pinion ‘The suthor starts out with (he position that in the opiaion of the legal profession, Roman jurisprudence bas always been sedulously excluded from thovw Courts in which the law of real estate is ad- ministered; and yet, under the belief that be- fore the reign of Edward I (when the foundation | | and action meant. It was so, too, among the Romans. Du ages of Rome, ashas been the case with | other nation, the chief scope of pablic lish securely the foundat 1 families, and provide for the enterprise was to of govermment of owe system had been permanently laid), | material wants of society. Many brilliant exam- the il law had exerted a powerfal influen e | ples oceur, during this early period of the history of in the establishment of that system, Mr. Walker , Rome, of eminence in learning, heroism, aad enters elaborately into the proofs. Although his me emi 3 theory is somewhat new, and might, on careful ex amination, turn out to be unwound, yet we fa | vorsbly struck with it in reading bis pamphlet At ell eveats, it displays uncommon learning for a man of Mr. Walker's, age; since very few legal authors bave ventured inte the same field till a later period in life. Throughout his dissertation, Mr Walker shows conelusively that the is false, vig:—that the law of real estate is merely a technical and artificial system. And he sums up the result very lucidly in the following words ‘This general view, however, we may be permitted to express, (hat by the method which + have sdopied. t may be proved that the composite of Angio-Saxon and Normon rules, termed the English frodel we furnished & very «ual proportion of the principles of our system and thew are chiefly politieal, and, secondly. that Roman uri nee has contributed nearly the whole of the prive (pies which form cur present law of real estate. Or wir theory may be expressed mote gewerally in the aphy. Fiematic language of Lord Beeon, tives, ur porinwn oad * eed tent * } portion of the subjects of Rome, at any perl od fore vepe: lomtir—mist forte propter velationem ad formas poli. | “Tu! portion h y oon torte, | of her history, were edueated in those more ‘Thia pomphiet, which is written with elegance | and «wperficial ideas which we now consider so ewen- and perspieuity of style, seems to have been intend- oven an intelligent and ed by the author to enlarge the mind and elevate the practice of law, from a mere gainfal trade to a On this point, Mr. Walker re- virtue Romulus, Numa, Cincinnatus, the eb: and many others, illuminated that per ated it with light; but, from what I people, in the mass, were educate attack and de No proper conceptions have prevailed of the real object for which the mass of mankind were created. Indeed, wp to tho past century or two, with a few exceptions, we trace more prominently than almost any other idea, single thought that the mass of mankind were cre ated for the purpose of contributing to the econve- nience, to the embellishment, to the power, to the glory of their le *, patrons, dictators, pr anid king*, and for this object only. The education of the r dreamed of; time and learning be squandered upon those who would, by this means, be unfitted entirely for fulfil Gibbon and other ler Brutus, wl ravdi- her, the of em to z nly in th art commonly received notion the ¢ Was nev for why should ir stations? learned historians, lead us to suppose that but a very ling the duties of the th useful sub To «kip over all th to qualify aman to nations that lie between, let From all accounts, there sia has organized the «tue us strike on Prussia seems to be no doubt thet Pru real «ystem of comm liberal science te has heretofore heen made, with too much the Englich and American lawyer wa that when new questions a om few have followed the law, vss liberal and sientifie atady, Few have united fhe compass and veriety of the echolar with the tact of the plender. Even of those great men who have heid the Lord Chencellorship of Bngland, how | many of tx m could have pronounced the judgment of Leng borough, inex parte Wrangham’ an exqui- gitely finished model of elegant. yet profound eriticiam, fod classical. When the Yorum Organum was pub- Heaths common lawyer condemned it to be freight - @@ in the ship of fools —he classes Shakepeare and Wil most efficient and u cation, as she unde on the face of the earth, taking the whole body of the people into the account. Every child in Prussia, #0 toxpenk, is Aducated at the public expense. But how? Itischicfly a military system. ‘The cloments ofacommon education are taught, it is true, and | we believe that even the majority of Pru chil | dren gain some knowledge of Latin. The natural sciences, too, in their elementary principles are nds the term, that now ¢ jt ma Kens A t Ps “ 2 }—. Fe yy ie contemnpt for vineng taught, and, ne ubt, with ability and some degre but common law into fury, and be feels all the patriotic | of nooees a a ‘fogiand shove > What good does it all dot In qrhen they declared that the bastards of England should | But cwi bono? What g not sit in the herons’ hails other words, to come to the subject at once, what is ‘Nevertheless, it i# true that those lawyers who here tabived (be larger draghts of Roman jurieprudrace | education! Cam a map be considered eduentod whe ie not struct him 60 that he is qualified fur the beviaevs of trained by the system which pretends te in- life? Is it mot necessary to have the scholartaught principles.as well as books and sciences—and such principles, too, as will qualify him, at a later period, to contrel and govern himself! Is it enough for him merely te know theoretically the history of the world, and the operations of the great laws of na- ture in the moral andintellectual universe? Ought he mot to have inculeated upem bim practical les- sons of experience, to be made sequainted with the world, with human nature, with those forms and manners of existence whielk he will encounter, and be prepared to rect, when he goes out into the liv- ing, breathing, moving world? ‘We have thrown these ideas hastily together, and the upshot of thenris, that education, and what is called, particularly, public education, is not, and cannot, be taught in schools, even where other na- tions or wo ourselves have attempted to doit. We and they have always failed in the effort. It is im- possible, The truth is, that we have ia this country adopted, althou.h we do not yet seem to know it, the only system of public education by which the entire nation can be trained for the duties of public or private life. Who are our pupils? All our citi- zens. Where is our school? The length and breadth of the continent. Who are are our teach- ers? The people themselves are educating them- selves, by intercourse with each other froin day to day, and bour to hour, and moment to moment. Here all classes mingle with each other, and they mingle ceaselessly—the best with the worst, the } ignorant with the educated, the pure with the im- pure, statesmen from the turmoils of political strug- gles with scholars in the solitude of their studies, lawyers from the combats of the bar, and the sub- tleties of their profession, with artists in their stu- dios, surrounded by dreams of fancy and images of classic beauty. To enumerate merely the teachers of the Ameri- can people would require more space than we can. devote to the whole subject. We shall speak, how- ever, of a few. First,there is the pulpit, embracing ministers in every part of the country, of every religious creed; but all of them more or less imbued with the sentiments which belong tothe nat ionalityofourcountry. Among them all, there is not one who does not either incul- cate or recognise, on every occasion, the fundamental principles of democracy and free government. They may differ, and they do,in all other respects; but among all the 25,000 priests and ministers of various sects and religions, there is a tondeney in their preaching, their conversations, their writings, and their examples towards the inculcation of the great system of free government. Including the regular ministrations of Sunday, the regular and occasional lectures delivered during the week, the conventions, convocations, assemblies, presbyteries, synods, and general mectings of the Biblo classes, the Sunday schools, the conferences, the class meetings, &e., not probably, than nine-tenths of the people of the United States are brought under the influence of a system of religious instruction, which may pro- duce ten. thousanl different results, so far as the formation of religious notions goes; but which, with- out dispute, results systematically and practically, in a most wide spread and concentrated form of in- fluence ever yet dreamed of in one point. And that is the constant recognition of the republican form of government, the constant assertion of the right of private judgment in matters of religian—the con stant advocacy and deence, in fact, of every one of the cardinal princi) les which lie at the bottom of the American system of government and social life. Here, then, is an army of teachers which, ifaccurately numbered, would be estimated only by hundreds of thousands. They have, besides, hundreds of news- papers and reviews, ond thousands of books, pamphlets, reports, appeals, memorials, discussions, and means of illumination, all of which contribute in the main to the production of the very same result. We have, secondly, not less than one hundred and fifty thousand-teachers employed throughout our country, in the proper business of educating the rising generation. New York State has up- wards of 14,000 district schools, with not lees than 17,000 teachers, to say nothing of the vast number of private schools, academ‘es, colleges, and universities, which employ, on an average, not less than 10,000 other persons inthe same business. No other State has so large a number; although, in proportion to its population, some of the New England States ex- ceed us in that respect. Now, be it remembered, that among those hundred and fifty thousand teachers, there is not on cof the entire number who does not habitnally, although it may be unconsciously, weave into the very web and woof of his instructions the American system of thinking, acting, and govern ing. With such unshackled freedom of thought, with such per‘ect unanimity of opinion in regard to the rights of man and the object of his creation, the means of his progress, the elements of his a vancement, and the form of goverment best adapted to secure these objects, the most superficial will readily perceive how tremendous must be the influence everywhere exerted; how universally the entire body of the people must be convinced of the same great priociples of government and of rights. ‘There is, too, the legal class, the physicians and surgeons. There is the army and navy, and, per- haps, above all, we might instance the legislature of our States, our conventions, our public gatherings, where the people assemble to discuss their rights, es- tablish their political opinions, elaborate their views on self-goverument for the district, the town, the county, the State, the confederation itself—and there is the national Congress, where all of these views concentrate, where all of these men, educated in so many thousand different ways, come together, and, with the exception of one or two subje owing to the spirit of fanaticism, have div opinions of different sections, concur harmoniously in the great principles which lie at the bottom of our great system of government, and our systew of life But we have left the main consideration to be spoken of—the public press. Of all denominations in religion, of all parties in polities, ofall opinions ia so- cial life, there are not less than 5000 newspapers and periodicals printed in the United States, and there is not aman, woman, or child, of a sound mind, that has reached the age of reflection, that is not brought every twenty.four hours under the in- fluence of journaliem. There are few faumilies in the United States where one or more journals are not taken. There are few persons in this country who cannot read, and, we had almost said, there are fewer still who do not. The multiplication of books mphlets, tracts, &e., is going onat a ratio which increases every hour ; and when an estimate is made of the amount of matter that is printed every day, aod the columns are divided by the number of peo- ple, we shall find that the average of reading of every human being in the United States, is not lee than a column a day. Now, we pretend to say, that there is no other nation, and never has beén, where one-tenth fas much matter was printed, or read, in proportion to the population. We, moreover, pre- tend to eay that, take this matter all in oll, there ia a unity of opinion, anda unity of effect, in regardto it, whieh can be found in the floating daily, w and monthly literature of no other nation. are, it is true, all sorts of opinions expressed in this rast body of literature—this literature forthe mift lion; but, in the main, there ie a unity of opinion, and a unity ofresult in it, #0 far egards the funda- mental principles ofthe American «ystem of govern- ment, and of life, which will be likely, for ages to come,to promote the same system of views in regard to these matters, whieh prevail at the present hour. At the close of the revolution when the thirtoen colo- nies had their independence recognized by the throne of England, although the mass of the population were in favor of a tepublican form of government, yet multitades of the people, and many of theit lead- ers, had not yet broken far enough away from the pre- the prejudices and the opinions of former to prefer a republic; but now, how many Vuore im the Daitod Statey that cowld be eee ontene mat en <emeae fedaced,under any circumstances, to provinii @ pre- ference for any ether form of goverment. Tho abolitionists of the North, having for their object thereby, aa they say, of destroying tho iastitution of slavery, mever have yet, in the dopth of their fanaticism, projected any form of governunt for themeelves,or anybody else, except that of a ropab+ lie. So, too, with the disunionists. They preath’ secession; bat they preach no monarchy. ‘They preach no doctrines which are to limit the spreadof intelligence, the progress of science, or the liberty of the America people. Whatever may be tho extremes into whieh fanaticism may rush, there is perfeet concord on the great subject of human go- vernment. And these millions of newspapers and books, all filled with intelligence, are being scattered every day to every portion of the continent; and, wherever they go, they are producing the samo result. The | mass of the people are continually knowing what is going om, not only in their neighborhood, but in the most distant corners of the republic. The news, too, brought by the steamers, which are fly- ing almos# with the velocity of the wild bird, from the old continent to the new, is furnishing every day new lessons of instruction and wisdom from ancient governments, where the experiments of monarchy and despotism are being effeetnally work out. The struggles of the old nations afford ten thousand lessons of wisdom to us, so young, and yet so fur advanced in our career. Put, then, together into a whole, the sum total of adl the ideas, facts, opinions, sentiments and impres- sions, brought to bear, every seven days, upon the five and twenty millions of our population, by | 25,000 clergymen and religious teachers—by 150,000 | sclsoolmasters and teachers in our places of popular scientific and elassical learning—by our caucuses, town meetipgs, county conventions, State legisla- tures and the national Congress—and then calculate the all-pervading,the all-powerful sway of the public press, and think,for a moment,that these millions of influences, like so many millions of rays of light, all converge towards a single focal point, and that that point is democracy,and self-government,and tho conclusion is inevitable. Tyranny,everywhere,must die. America is the first nation that has ever yet been educated by republicans. The American re- public is the first commonwealth ever yet cstablish- ed on earth, which gave any rational cause for alarm to the consolidated despotisms of antiquity. There is anut here for somebody to crack. We think we have done our share towards it. Let our neighbors take it up on the other side of the At- laatic. Our Albany Correspondence. Avsany, March 23, 1851. The Case Correctly Stated. There isso much speculation afloat relative to the course and conduct of certain Senators, in the election of United States Senator, and much of the gossip nothing but conjecture, it is deemed proper to give the facts as they occurred, leaving others to deduce such inferences as they deem proper or right. Notice having been given to suspend the thirty-se- venth rule, which requires all joint resolutions to lie over one day, the democratic Senators had fair warning given that the motion would be made on the very first day, when all the whigs were in their seats, and not a single democrat absent. The whigs had notified them of their intentions, and what the democratic Senators might expect the first moment an opportunity should arrive. On the Monday preceding, Mr. Crolius and Mr. Dart agreed to “pair off,” and take a trip to New York. Mr. Crolius informed his friends of what he had done, who immediately insisted that the pledge should be dissolved, for they had learned that Mr. Dart had made arrangements to leave that after- noon. The democrats also knew the bargain be- tween those two honorable gentlemen. Just pre- vious to Mr. Dart’s leaving, Mr. Crolius induced him to relinquish the contract, and Mr. Dart went off to New York without advising his friends of what he had done; and the ignorance of that fact caused a protracted talk against time of about fourteen hours. The telegraphic dispatch sent by Lieut. Gov. Chureh to Mr. Dart, was deposited in the office of House's line at twenty minutes before five, and was not delivered to him, in New York, until a quarter of an hour after six—fiftee: after the Albany bont left the city. Mr. D., if he desires, may settle that matter with the telegraph company—it is no business of ours. Mr. Dart l- ever, did not inform his friends that he had reeeived the dispatch until 10 o'clock, and then did not state when he could return. [t would have been an easy matter, if it had been thought desirable, to hav chartered a locomotive on the New York and New Haven and Housatonic route, which, by starting from irty-second street, at seven o'clock, could have landed him at East Albany at three o’clock— only an hour after the deed was finally accomplish- ed. That would have been done had the reverse been the case. Mr. Brandreth arrived in season to have prevent- ed the election, although he was not aware of Mr. Dart’s absence, presuming that his was the only seat vacant. Mr. Senator Brown, daring the day and evening, urged his democratic friends to talk against time until Dart arrived, if it consumed three dd: He was for setting it out—he never would re the Senate chamber whilst there was a possibility of preventing an election. Although no public debater himself, he could easily consume two or three hours’ time in discussing the financial affairs in Wall street, or the prospective importance and value of the contemplated Kg of Hermanville, on wong Island. But after all his stirring up the nimals with hie poker,” he was not to be found within the walls of the capitol, nor in the “oflice of Congress Hall, when the final vote was about to be taken. At length a messenger was dispatched to his lodgings, where the honorable, vigilant Sena- tor was foun firmly embraced in the welcome arms of Morpheus! He returned to the Senate chamber just in time, like Dr. Bradreth, to be a moment too jate to vote. Such are, in substance, the facts relating to this matter. The only regret which the burners express, ie that the responsibility of the election of a whig Senator is thrown upon Mr. Dart, one of their order. The hunkers console themselves by asserting that Brandreth and Brown were present soon enough to have prevented it, and more than in- sinuate that Mr. Dart arrived at the eapitol just as soon as he really intended. hether it may never be known; but one thing i the “cardinal principle” of the 4 shall be the democratic Senator, will not enter into the contest next November. Ww. Our Troy Correspondence. Troy, March 23, 1551. Hudson River Railroad —Dereliction of Dut y—Infa- mous Conduct of the Captain of the Steamer Colum- hha, §ec. The four o'clock passenger train of cars on the Hudson River road, on Saturday afternoon, arrived at Poughkeepsie about seven o'clock, with about one hundred and fifty passengers, two-thirds of whom were destined to Albany, Troy, and the West. On arriving at Poughkeepsie, the railroad company had provided no conveyance farther up the river. An hour or so elapsed before any excuse was offered why the passengers were not continued on to Albany, as promised at Chambers street, in the city of New York, and for which conveyance through from city to city the company had received their pay in ad- vanee. The reason then offered was, that the steam- er Armenia,{usually employed in their service, be- came disabled in her downward trip, and had pro- ceeded to the city of New York for repairs. From seven o’clock until twelve at night, this crowd of passengers were kept upon the wharf, or in rum drinking houses, with no fire during the last two hours, without any information from the conductor who came np with the train, or any one else, how, when, or in what manner the company intended to fulfil their contract with the passengers. The conductor was most of the time in the house, quietly smoking segars. When asked what was in: tended to be done, he gave no sort of encourage ment, only stating that a Hudson boat; the Colum- bia, was on its way up the river, and might pro- bably be induced t#take us as faras that placs, and probably to Albany. About twelve o'clock that hoat arrived, and the captain distinctly stated to people on the wharf, “that all those who wan' to go to Albany must step on board.” It was thought by this movement, that arrangements had been made for our conveyance through; but we were undeceived. No sooner were we on board this cattle craft, than the “capt office” was lighted wp, and we were roughly told to “ settle” our fare. ‘The person who enticed us on board then demanded pay trom gach passonger, ofused ad positively the dismemberment of the republic, withthe hope * wantin, H oa Meare a number of railroad ‘@ were on board the bont, and there was ne os- cape; wo cither had to eonfornr to thiv villanous or be set ashore 3 they were not accepted, andthe was, “that ho had nothing to do with railroad pas- eengers, and those who came ow board must pay him for their .* A cons#derable amounts way thus collectad, at various prices. some ing: the brute seventy-five cents, and others as high a as three dollars ! After having proeeeded some five miles,. the our stersy the catthe ppd Lay a : Cee rae craft: atoy er engine, and a rev wae exhibit Pret the cowbell: rung a si; nalef" istress €uptain Peck, with bis-usumd promp! tw render & Kindness, came alongside, and inquired what was ‘The Hudson ¢ xtortionor exclaimed, “Ifsre passengers bound ” The gang plenk was immediately ngere attem| to change for Albany. thrown out, and the | boats. ‘Then. the individual: on ins Columbia jo- manded-alt tickets, those which he had received | from seventy-five cents up te three dollars for, as well as the railroad tickets, of which he know ono to be in the ssion of every passenger. When taking those tickets, he assured us ‘all was right.” Having encountered this species of robbery, we congratulated ourselves upon arriving at Albany at an carly howr in the morning. Upon syeiring of Captain Peck whether any arrangements n made to convey us to Albany, he informed us that there was none; he was not aware, until coming along side, that the Armenia was disabled; but in- formed us he‘woald take the railroad tickets in pay- ment for our fare. But as they had been grabbed from us, we eould not produce them; and as we were happy in being upon that boat, and treated so gentlemanly by Cupt. Peck, several of us again id our fare, making tae payments between New ork and Albany. me twenty of Sa peecigers had retained their railroad tickets, and the captain took them without charging any additional fare. ‘This transaction is one which deserves the sever- est reprehension, and it is a public benefit that an independent paper like the New York Herald, al- ways throws open its columns, as I hope it will in this instance , to expose rascality and villany where- ver found. A Citizen or Burixaron. Our Canadian Correspondence. Toronto, (C. W.,) March 17, 1351. The Railroad Spirit in Canada—Tie Removal of the Scat of Government—Movements of William Lyon Mackenzie—George Thompson— The Parliament. The railroad fever is still on the increase. To- day, a meeting is to be held at Woodstock, for the organization of a company, already chartered by act of Parliament, for the construction of a line from that wealthy and thriving little place to Port Dover, on Lake Erie, whence it is proposed to com- municate by steamers with Dunkirk, the western terminus of the New York and Erie line, with the view of escaping the tolls imposed on the roads run- ning parallel with the Albany canal. The Wood- stock and Port Dover project will tap the Great Western at the former place, and will certainly di- vert much of the Western traffic, besides opening up one of the best settled and most fertile sections of the province. It is more than probable that the Great Western will also be tapped at Brantford, by a branch running to Fort Erie, thence communicat- ing with Buffalo. I notice that an engineer hi rived at Brantford, from Buffalo, for the purpose of making a survey of the ground to be sed over. The Brantford people aes to be thoroughly in earnest, and if the Buffulonians act with their char- acteristic spirit, the line will be commenced without delay. Once going, it cannot fail to be successful. The fortunes of the Great Western itself are much more dubious. ‘The engineers of the Northern Railroad—as the line from Toronto via Simeo to Lake Huron is ealled —are pushing forward vigorously, and have, so far, been more fortunate in having an easy route than it ar- was expected they would be. A letter received on ‘Thursday, reported that they would reach Lake Sim- coon Saturday evening. If their survey westward be accomplished as rapidly, a decisive opinion as to the route to be adopted will not be much longer de- layed. The surveyors appear to have astonished our sleepy backwoodsmen. * They are fine specimens of the enterprise and industry which characterize the United States,” remarked a writer in the Daily Patriot, one of the most decided anti-annexationists in Canada. With a strong wish to see the colony intersected by railroads in every direction, and with an equally strong desire to do justice to the motives of the di- rectors of the Northern Railroad, | may mitted to caution your New York eay placing implicit reliance on a scheme which here meets with very equivocal success. The road has been well described as “a road to nowhere;” and so it must be for years to come. Mr. Capreol, who seems to have inspired your Wall street gentry with confidence, is the reverse of popular amongst his s of Toronto. He has aspired, on sev- eral occasions, to one of our aldermanic chairs; but at the close of the poll he has invariably been found in « minority. Prophets are seldom honored in their own country ; whether this be attributable to the defective judgment of their countrymen, or to the fact that an assumed prophetic c! hes not against e before a knowledge of one’s every day life, | do presume to determine. We have had a public meeting against the con- templated removal of the seat of government to Quebee. The onl, The removal will take place, nevertheless. feature in the affair likely to interest your he undisguised determination of the Up- per Canadians to resent the alleged affront, by for separation from Lower Canada, or union of the British to American provinces. yon Mackenzie is a candidate for Parlia- mentary honors in the county of Haldimand, whose representative died recently. Many eandi- dates are in the field. Mackenzie es of suc- cess are very slight. The tories hate him, because **he has blood on his hand;” the whigs detest him, because he isa thorn in the side of a whig minis- try; the clear grits—the radicals of the colony— will have no alliance with him, because he is a rene- ade. The old rebel played a wrong card, when he sought to bamboozle the Canadians by villifying the Americans. George Thompson is to be here before the month expires, to aid the abolitionists in their unholy warfare. Doubtless he will have a large audi for we have hypocrites, and brawle: Lu enough to fill the largest hall in that his wordy oratory will = ee Any effect, is not ‘nt all likely. His real character is well known in Toronto. He is a man of no weight whatever in England, and | am therefore ay that the American press has honored him by re- porting and Cire ge | his addres To show that the abolitioni with emall support, I cannot do better than refer to the course taken on the subject by oar local press. The whig Globe stands solus by the side of the re- verend incendiaries. The whig Mirror deprecated the movement; the radical Exammer and North American preserved an ominous silence with regard to it; while the tory Colonist and Daily Patriot opened their columns to correspondents who exposed ed the humbug in grand style. ‘There are igns of the assembling of Parlia- ment, and it is now surmised that the event will not take place until autumn. Nothing can be done until the home government surmount its diffiewl- ties. If Lord John Russell dispense with Karl Grey's services, it is highly probable that our Go- vernor General will be recalled. ANG1.0-AMERICAN. gitation has met Vist to Mount Versov——Musrany Asyucw.—The directors of the company owning the steamer Thomas Collyer having tendered the exclusive use of their boat tothe Board of Commissioner, upon whom has devolved the duty of selecting a location for the Military Asylum, authorized by an act of the last Con aress, the gentlemen composing the Board (with one or two exceptions) yesterday visited Mount Vernon, for ree connected with the object of their appointment. ¢ Board, as has been heretofore stat consists of Gen Scott, General-in-chief, Generale W ; General Gibson. of the Subsistence Departme Towson. freprenented, ‘on this occasion, rned.) of the Paymaster’s Department; Ge- son, Surgeon General; A it General. A number of these officers wi full uniform, The President of the United Stat hends o Dfepartments, (excepting Mr. Corwin.) tog with 9 number of ladies forming part of the families of the gentlemen present, and other invited guests, accom panied the Board to Mount Vernon. ‘The party re- turned at five o'clock in the afternoon. This is but the commencement of an extensive tour to he made by this Board with the view of selecting a suitable iouation for the pr March aud General Jones, rupee Military Asylum.—Washington Republic. Ixptans ty Nort Canotina,—The census re- turn from North Carolina, has the following, rela tive to the Indian population in Haywood county: — Farms, Top. Males, 357; females, 353—total, 710. Land improved, 1,440 acres; 12 acres tr Land unimproved, 15,960 acres; 138 ner farm. Cash value of farms, at $72 cae! f Value of live stock, $6,153; a little more than to each farm. Corn, 15,576 bushels; almost 130 bushels to each farm. Deaths, 22; the youngest ch farm. to each aged 1 month, the oldest, Quaca (female), M0 years. telligence. . Cowner, Friday, git i222 « oo ~ Cente ARNE COR THE OREGON MISSION. ee at St. Bartitelonsew's te ae SR on the reume” Oo Sundsy evening lest, w public missionary meeting was held in St, Bartholomew's church. cornee of Great Jones street amd Lafayette places the object of which was to extablish « mission! im Oregon Territery, where a clergymen has recently been appoiuted. After tho church’ services were over, the Rey. Mr. Vivtoy can forward and adi dressed the congregation. After mblting a few rev marks on ths situatiow and prospects of Otegon, he said that interesting sountry broughé to' his ro membrance the well: kwwn works of Bishop’ Bork- ley. He hoped that'the mighty empiso’ that grew upon the Atlantix‘const, would bring mighty things to pass in Oregow, andestablish there the gospel of Christ. It was Wut yesterday ho saw iathe pub- Fic prints the names of towns and villages+im Ores gen which had no oxistence there two yenrs ages these tidings told him something was there* that‘directed man towards it. We are told, (nid’ he,) tliat its soil is fruifid—tliat its agricultural ro- , sources are great; if so, we’ must have a numetoes and hardy population. Pit, without the influenceof mission, all these things would be lost. Tho Rev. gentlemaa then spoke of the proximity of China to’ Oregon, and the scope there was in that country fr missionary labors; and said, wo are to trust’ more to Oregon than to Californiax for the graat work: of civilization in the empire« of China: But the subject of missions to China would tahe more time than Ef have to dilate upon them. Ihave no doubt, however, but mis sions to that land will beoome, if not already, at no distant time, tho.first of your thoughts. When we behold the wonders of the telegraph, which anni- hilate both time and distance, and when we seo our steamers Plosghing the ocean that washes both countries, and the daily intercourse growing up be- tween them, we must conclude that itis from Oro- gon that missionaries should go to China; and we must also conclude that the latter country will be the mother of eastern civilization. And now, with- out detaining this congregation further, permit mo to conclude with one word with regard to him that isto go. The Rey. contloniace then called on the congrega tion to join him in a prayer for the suc- cess of the mission and the missionary. Doctor Wainrigut then came forward and said he had the pleasure of informing the penrregsttos that an ode had been prepared by Mr. Tupper, » layman of the Church of England, which he would read, with their permission. Mr. Tvrrer then read the following ode:— A WORD (BY REQUEST) FOR THE OREGON ALISSION. Push on! to earth's extremest vergs, ‘And piant the gospel there, Till wide Pacific's surge Is soothed by Christian prayer! Advance tho standard, conquering van, And urge the triumph on, Tn zeal for God and love of man, To distant Oregon ! Faint not, O, soldier of the Cross! Ita standard bearer thou— All California's gold is dross To what thou winnest now. A vast new realm, whercin to search For truest trensure won— God's jewela, in his infant church Of new born Oregon, Thou shalt not fail—thou shall net fall ‘The gracious living word Math said, of every land, that all e ‘Shali glorify the Lord. Ue shall be served from East to Weat~ Yea, to the setting sun; And Jesus's name be loved and blest In desert Oregon Then, brothers, help in this good deed, And side with God to-day; Stand by His servant now, to speed Bethiehem's ever Tending star, In mercy, guides him on, To light with holy fire, frou far. ‘The star of Oregon. MARTIN F. TUPPER. Mareh 23, 1851. The Rev. Jams C. Rroumonp, the brother of the Rey. W. Richmond, the missionary, was then in- troduced. He said, that after the most mature cons sideration he could give the subject, he was well satisfied, and so he thought would be the congrega- tion, that this was the greatest enterprise that called a Christian congregation togethor; but draw back upon that, fe was sorry to say he saw the spirit of Mammon rulin this land. te rules in New England; it rules in the city of New York; it rules everywhere; and if it continues to rulo us, must perish. It does not lie with us to settle this; but we have heard of a contrast, although we have not seen it—we have heard of the May Flower, more than two centuries ploughing the ocean, to oe the cross in th’ . Now what do we seo? Why, we see that it is the California system that rules in this city, and in New England too; but that system will perish. It cannot stand; it ought not tostand. We will not, and cannot, worship the golden calf. If we do, farewell to the Anglo-Saxon race. Now, let me say te you what I would say to the rich men of this city, if they wore here to-nigh that if we go on in this way we must perish. Baby: Jon has perished; Rome has perished, a other places have perished, and so New York, instead of 5 have palaces; we riches; but what shall we do with them all? Riches were not given to usto build perishing palaces. But, you will ask, what are we to do with our riches? Tien let_me give you good counsel, and I will answer you in the words of Chry- sostom:—* Build palaces if you have a mind t but I would recommend you'to live in the shade What is the news from Californiat Why, we have no accqunt of anything but marde bbe ries, adulteries, and ev kind of wickedne Now, what should we do to stop this? 1 will tell you. Our duty is to grasp the opportunity we have to- night; let us empty our pockets of Gur superfluous riches; for I tell you that if we let this opportunit evish, our riches and our palaces will perish with I knew a young manin my part of the coun- Ile had a large real estate, but he would give ng to the church, Allhe had was too little to improve hisrenl estate. A froshet came down ono night while he lay on his bed, and destroyed all his real estate, and its improvements too. Now mind, I do not come here to persuade, but I come to eom- mand you to do your duty. There never was, bo- fore , such an opportunity as this te glorious work of rede such a mission as the p be so fruitful of great know of such ask what esults, nor did I evor a missionary. Now, { would is there in this ‘world tha i Ww perishable? ©, yes! there is 0 say, what is that, Why? ‘its the It is the only thing we have; all else po- rishes. Let ux, therefore, do our duty to-night, and send our brother well prepared to do his Master's work. I speak strongly, but it is fit I should speak so to thi ‘ation because I know they are in posse: sof this world. then referred to ari of Lazarus aud the rich man; the latter, he said{was buried, and Lazarus was left unburied, but the angels came for him and lifted him up to Abraham's bosom. Here was @ contrast. » sir, is there anything that can touch this picture? Tsay no. Let the church, then, be supported on the shores of the Pacific. If you — it there, it will be great in Oregon ; but it will never be great in California, under the present system of Mammon. [at us, therefore, abandon the spirit of Mammon, and as Christians and churchmen—for both terms are synonin open our purses, and send our brother on his way rejoicing. Let there be no stint to your subserip tion ; it should not be by dollars, bat by doubloons. A subscription was then taken; after which, at the request of Dr. Wainwright, Mr. ‘Tupper's ode was again recited, and the congregation separated. Police Intelligence. Arvest of a Burglar. and Recovery of the Stolen Property —s Captain Russell, of the Thirteenth ward police, and officer Prince John Davis, suscocded. Inet Saturday, capturing a notorious rogue. known as George Herm: on a charge of breaking into the dwelling house No. 10% Sullivan street.cecupied hy Mr.L. M. Morrison, and stealing therefrom a large quantity of silver ware, consisting of ® silver liquor stand. silver sugar «pon, fancy chine inke stand, together with other valuable articles, valted, im all, at several hundred dollars, Fifty dollar reward wat offered for the arrest of the thief and recovery of the Property. Officer Prince John. has succeeded in the ree covery of all the property, which will eventually convieé the thief. Justice Timpson comumitted the accused to prison for trial Pigs Brought to the Wrong Market—About ten o'clock on Friday night, the police of the Fourth ward were dis turbed hy the sudden appearance of six «pirited looking pigs, who spread themselves through the ward, from street to street, in the most hoggish manner. Officer atthe time, and believing it to be i« authority on all euch disorder, subjects, by the aid of some other the six pa ers were promptly escorted to the station house, and the yard secured. It was believed, from the appearance: of the animals, that they had just been imported from Bu: dd eseaped from some of the piers where t hed been temporarily enclosed” An cence te'te ‘The pigs can be secon on application to Capt. Ditehott, Fourth ward station house, situated in Qak «trect, nea: Pearl street. —— Court Cirenit, o naeal ype Judge Kdwards, —<Inother Action Libel against ‘The case of V ander. Jones . Of the Police Garerte. which was to have come on this day, was postponed till Thursday next, in conse quence of the illness of a witness for the defence, aeamite an Ciocinnati was entered and robbet ntity 5 ug : wnoney aad gold Walgler, on (lag might of