The New York Herald Newspaper, March 25, 1851, Page 3

rayne te t ADOSTIONML EUROPEAN INTELLIGENCE, ‘BECKIVED BY THE STEAMSHEPS FRANKLIN AND ARCTIC. ke., ke., bo. Our freach Correspondence. ‘THE GOSSIP OF PARIS. Panis, March 6, 1851. ‘Whe Carnival—The Kallimaki Festival—Lady Dal- rymple—Other Guwests—M. Berger's Last Ball— The Costume Ball—Princess Demi- doff—Levassor’s Peasant Party—The Fat Ox— Leaning towards Napoleon, of the People—Influenza —World’s Pair—Aacient Sinp— t —Mrs.-Kemble—American Dentists. ‘The Carnival is no more, aftera “life” of nearly “three months. Ash Wednesday has thrown its gloomy cloak over the remains. The Carnival was a good fellow, and a lively companion. Like Yorick, of the play of Shakspeare, he was shaking his merry bells, and he died, still smiling and laugh- ing, with his best jokes. Tho last days of its life were rendered lively by a succession of balls and parties, and all these rerilezvous of fashion were stamped with the seal of elegance, and attended by the most refined people of our city. Among the,parties worth being noticed, I will first place that of the Prince and Princess Kalli- maki, at the embassy of the Sublime Porte. The faubourgs St. Germain and St. Honoré, the diplo- matic corps, the literary legion of writers and pub- lishers, the statesmen of renown, and all the leading beaux and belles of Paris and Europe, had been in- vited by the hospitable ambassador, and the toilets exhibited by the ladies offered an admirable spec- tacle. Never were more diamonds exhibited any- where. With the exception of the costumes, the Scene represented the fuiry saloons of the Thousand and One Nights. Prince Kallimaki and his sec- retaries were in the first saloon, receiving the guests of the embassy, and the Princess was seated im the back parlor, smiling to every one, and doing the honors of her house with more grace than man. ladies of the highest fon. The festival was splendid, and will be long remembered by all those invited to it. A lady, who, I was told, is the Countess Dal- rymple, wore, on that occasion, a dress made of gold, studded with diamonds, which was the most beauti- ful robe ever made by a dressmaker. The beauty of the lady was equal to that of her dress, and the whole formed a tout ensemble worthy of being no- ticed by all present. ‘The Prince of Capua, brother to the King of Naples, whose beard is like that of the Wandering Jew, assisted, also, at the ball. ‘There were the Princess Mathilde Demidoff, the daughter of the Prince de Canino, Madame Salvage de Vaverolle, the faithful friend of Queen Hor- tense, and, among the wives of the foreign ambas- sadors, Mrs. Rives and her lovely daughter Emilia, whose charms and beauty are admired by all those who see her. Aimong the distinguished men were Messrs. de Rambutean, D’Argout, De Burante, General Roguet, General Rebillot, &e. A supper, furnished with all the prime nd delicacies, was served in a large hall, and was frequented with auch delight by all theese whose exertions in danc- ing rendered it necessary to find refreshment in a “hasty plate” of anything good. I must not omit mentioning, also, Mr. Ex. lacqne, who married the pretty Miss Olivia Mott, whose urbanity and refined manners were much app ted. ‘The last ball of the Hotel de Ville, given to the city of Paris, by the Prefect, M. Berger, took place on Saturday last, and was also a magnificent affair. Ihave already described the elegance of the im- mense suit of parlors of this splendid building. [ have only to say that there were present at that festival more than 3,500 sona, and that the coup @eil was enchanting. The ex-District Attorney, of New York, Mr. MeKeon, whom I met at the [lotel de Ville, and who had never been before in Paris, was enraptured with the geandeur of that fefe, and Twas glad to hear him declare that h acknowledged Paris to be Jaeen of ( The President, Louis N . accompanied by a staff of cou Ar cal Madame Berge: lurin ry in the dune- ing saloon wa d_ by the flattering , Par- dont pour la Sy | le jeune « aw Dunows, whieh was composed, i: is said, by his mother, Queen Hortense. The ball cnded at half past five o’clock in the morning. Several soirees the fashionable spinous was that gi Sosthénes de la Kochefoucault, in his grand hotel. I have been sold that the luxury displayed in the costumes had never been surpassed, even at the famed Eglinton fouruament, in England. Among the peculiar deas of the fnvités, L will mention that of M. and Mme. Ruthiers, who dressed 4 fa Louis XIV. to the ball in a carriage of that epoch, all gi chrawn hy six horses, driven by laguats' whose livery was that of the great king. Two hlights, preceded the enrrin, y. en passant, that this revival of aristo- in our time of the republic, was not oper by the people, and that if the po- tice had not taken precautionary measures, a riot would have tuken place on that occasion, and the hotel of M. de la Rochefoucault would have been sacked A destroye Unfortunately the family La Rochefoucault are incorrigibles, and I fear that this lesson will not profit them. Could you believe that, a fortnight ago, they went to the ncuag and secured for their own company all the seats, preventing any other person being admitted! ‘Those disappointed, having uttered some threat- chefoucault to give a masquerade ball on Tuesday last. All her guests, without any exception, were to appear in costumes of the time of the empire. Everything was ready for the fete, when suddenly Mme. de Kedding, the friend and governess of the princess, died on Satur- day, and the party was postponed. One of our best comie actors, Mr. Levassor, of the Moutausier theatre, gave, on Tuesday last, a masquerade ball which had his peculiar cachet. All his tri ted, on the condition that they edas pousants, Every body obs miable young man, who had his # decorated in a champétre style, ala nd 1 assure ~ readers that the pleasing party was enjoyed by those who were for- tunate enough to reecive an invitation. The pret- tiest women of Paris were present, and the supper was excellent. But last, not the least, of all these follies of the Car- wival, was the masquerade ball of the Opera, which d from pit to dome, and where all the now in Paris had taken gendexy: es, the excitement of the e fun, the noise, the shonts, the was beyond any deseription; led by Musard, performed the among which was noticed the Galley which no doubt will soon be to New York and become popular. This gigantic frolic only ended at half-past six in the ing, and the Republican Guards were obliged to turn out of the ball room about three hundred enraged dunscurs, who were still jumping like mad cals. As for the Carnival in the streets, I may say that it was altogether a failare. The masks who, ten years 1 to parade on the Boulevards, h deserted the former place of their triumph, ony carriage was to be seen on the Macadam, it was that of a quack, or of a dentist, who used it as a yu for his trade. The only show worth being i is that of a bruf gras, which prome- naded, this year, under the care of Mr. Arnault, the manager of the Hippodrome. It will be re- membered that, last year, in one of my letters, I explained that the government, which usually far- es the butchers of Paris a certain amount of ney for the exhibition of the bernf gras, re- wed todo it any longer, and, accordingly, there no lev gras Inst year. But this year Mr. Adeline, who brought to Paris three mammoth oxen, called Liberté, Le Champ, and Le Californion, made arrangements with Mr. Arnaalt to have them exhibited, and they en! 0 ag pry ee! that purpose. With t uthorization of the Prefeet Potke @, they formed “ The Festival of Ag: ture compored of the bawf gras Liberté, weighing 3,900 pounds (French weigit), and a chariot upon which a eplendid woman represented the goddess Cer surrounded by four other pretty women, who per- " ns. Infront and behind th jarge number of people ery kind of costume the funey of t most graceful inw lay last—and every passage of the cortege,.the erowd wa The finest weather favored the pro Whilst the brn gras was thus Boulewards, the President was soon driving a wagon umidet the crowd, but was 0 ire from the Bonlevards, where, perhaps, have proved dangerous, if he had romained half an hour dogger. The people do not lean towards Na- poleon Whilst these festivitios wore taking avind changed, and very cold weather rey Imy breezes of «pring, whic three weeks. This of the population of Pa acked with a dreadful tafluensza, ealled fr grippe, which has made business for the apothe- cary shops. It bas been caloulated that there was an amount af shout $90,000 daily spent by those who are sick, in purchasing remedies, syrups, &e. A very coud time for doctors! ‘The goods for Gye Wogld’s Fuig age coming, as it nl HI la “7 canta ota enomenon has been ob- LS § prbeeivend the of the Bas Rhin, in the colored. the at An iagden wi oo! upou which it fell. The same phenomenon was also ob- served in eons A very ancient ~ was found, 8 month ago, in the old’ port of Jaffa, in Syria. It is calculated that this wreok, which is, nevertheless, in a vory excellent condition, is one of the aucient galleys of the country when it was governed by ths Romans. A Dr. Johnston, who was present when this cu osity was discovered, obtained from the government consent to have it taken to London. Perhaps it will be seen at the exhibition. The city of Paris has recently decided thata special room shall be consecrated at the Hotel dy Ville, for the library which has beea sent through tho care of M. Alex. Vattemare. The use of the magnetic telegraph has boon finally given to the public, upon several lines of the enterprise ; but the prices are yet so high that 1 think it will not be very profitable to the govera- men! it. 0 theatrical world has beon put into an im- mense excitement by the appearance of the now tragedy by MM. Lacroix and Maquet, entitled “Valeria,” in which Mme. Rachel personated two characters. This first performance took place oa Friday last, and was witnessed by all the most eminent people of Paris. The plot of the new drama is borrowed from tho lives of Claudius, the well known Roman Emperor, and his wife, Valeria Messalina. The authors have supposed that the two free slaves, Sallas and Narcissus, who wero the advisers of Claudius, wishing to ruin Messalina, took ‘ndvantage of the discovery of a * Dromio’ to the Queen, who was a courtesan, and that tho historian, deceived, as were the Roman people, afterwards lavishod upon Massalina all the crimes and debaucheries of they woman whose likeness was so wonderful to that of the Queen. The two parts performed by Mme. Rachel, permit her to appear under two marvellous aspects, and to display al the energy of her wonderful talent. Sho was very well supported by the excellent cast of the Theatre Francais, and I am sure that this new play will have a long run, ‘The pretty Fanny Cerito, and her talented hus- band, x Leon, have quitted the Grand Ce eta and by this time they are at Madrid, where they have been called to appear at the new theatre, before ueen Isabella. Whilst the fair couple will be absent, Mr. Roqueplan, the skilful manager of that opera theatre, will produce a ne’ entitled “ The Demon of the music by Rosenheim, in whie' . Laborde and Roger are to sing the principal réles. It is said that this new musical drama will be very successful, for the music is excellent, and the poem quite inte- resting. At the Italian theatre “ La Tempesta” is making a furore. lis second performance, which was post- poned till Tuesday last, on account of an accident which happened to Maile. Rosati, the pretty dan- seuse, was witnessed by a crowded house, and the music of Halevy, so well sung by Madame Sontag, Lablache, Gardous, and other excellent singers of the troupe, was received with the most deafening applause. Decidedly, Mr. Lumley has “hit the right nail,” and he will coin money with it during the remainder of the season. Mrs. Fanny Kemble has ended the course of lee- tures she gave during the two last weeks. This talented Ray, who reads Shakspeare with skill, isited by nearly all the fashionable people of 3 and though the audience was not considera- ble, it was, nevertheless, so select, that it was “ tip- top.” Unfortunately for Mr. Mitchell, her ma- nager, these lectures were not well timed. I am certain that when the bails and parties are over, Mrs. Kemble might have houses as crowded as those at the Stuyvesant Institute in New York. I will finish this long correspondence in making known to the American public, that one of the citizens of the United States, Mr. Mackechan, a dentist by profession, has been, for some time past, attached by Queen Isabella, of Spain, as dentist to the royal family. It is now proved that the dentists of America have no equal in the world. In one of next letters, I will speak of Mr. Evans, the worth: associate of the celebrated Brewster, the ric! American dentist of Paris. B. H. R. AMERICANS NOW IN PARIS. Johnston Livingston, N.Y. L. W. Tappan, Boston. Adolphe Paul, St. Louis. Dr. C. F. Guillon, New York. w. ryan, Buffalo. C. Casamayer, Cambridge. .. J. Correa Walsh, Wash- John C. Matley, New York. in two acts, by M. Arago, ington, A. Rutherford, do. ©. W. Tigler, New Orleans, Jas Meinelly, do. W. W. Hincken, York. W. J. Moleow), Albany. J.C. Pepin, New Orleans, L. Dexter & family, Boston. J.C. Cook, Jr., Cambridge. Dr. L. 8. Sprague, Boston. W. J. Pennington, N. York J. A. Watton, New York. Il. J. Embury, do. B.M. Sherman, do. Dr. BK. de Romer, New Orleans. R. J. Turnbull, 8. Carolina. Dr. RAM. Hodges, Jun., Cambridge. i ames, New York, The Light Dues Levied on the Shipping of the United States in England. mee will be found inte- commercial readers :— NT PALMERSTON, Staves Leoarion, 138 Piccadilly, December, 31, 1850. The undersigned, Envoy Extraordinary and Mini- ster ne, of the United States of Ameri- ea, has the honor, under instructions from his Sia, to invite the attention of Viscount Palmerston, her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, to the subject of the light «ues exacted of the mercantile marine of the United States entering the ports of the United Kingdom. It is nearly two years since her Majesty's govern- ment determined to respond to the invitation of the United States, made to the world many years ago, and recommend parliament to repeal the prohibitory: Tage mypere laws of the kingdom; and the commerce of the two nations has been conducted for now just one year, on the reciprocal basis established in ac- cordance with such recommendation. The United States ask Great Britain to carry out this principle; to establish reciprocity in fact, as well as in namo— to do justice to the commerce of the United States. The lighthouses, floating lights, buoys, and bea- cons on the whole sea and Take const, and rivers of the United States, were constructed and are main- tained by the federal government, an annual appro- prams cing made by Congress for these objects. No light dues of any kind are levied, either on ves- sels of the United States, or on ships of foreign na- tions. In —— 1792, there were but 10 ts in the Union. In the year 1848, there were ight- houses, 30 floating lights, 1,000 buoys, besi nume- rous fixed beacons. ere are probably at this time, including those under construction on the Pacific coast, more than three hundred lighthouses, with a proportionate number of floating lights, buoys, &e. all of which are given to the use of the world by t United States, without tax or charge. ‘The commerce of the United States is not met with a corresponding liberality in the ports of the United Kingdom. The reciprocity intended to be established by the ee law of last year, and #0 much to be wished for between the two greatest commercial nations of the globe, will net be realized if American tonnage continues subjected to onerous light duties in Great Britain, while British vessels enjoy, without pay, the lights, &c., upon the coast of the United States. "he undersigned is not unaware that the system. of light dues in this country is somewhat compli- cated; but he believes that, as reforms have been made in many other laws and customs adopted ia former ages, under a different state of society, so changes can be made in these, adapting them more to the present condition of the world, and to the liberal policy of other nations. In illustration of the onerous and unequal opera- tion of the present system of lights in Great Britain upon American commerce, the undersigned has the honor to ask Viscount 1 few examples. The American mail steamers entering at Liver- pool, pay for light dues the sum of £02 for each voyage. If the British mers were subjected to th: i rts, it would amount The following corresponde resting to our mariti d MR. LAWRE: imerston’s attention to a ing on the way at South- paid last year light dues to the amount of 4000, including the charges for the [Heligoland Light, which the undersigned is informed they have never seen. The steamer Franklin, running be- w York andl Havre, and touching at t without anchoring, merely to land its been enbjected to light dues, which have been paid by order of the Trinity house, bat under f protest of the consignees. One commercial house m New York, running sixteen «! stwoen that port, Liverpool, and London, paid last year for such dues, £2498 3%, Gd. Another Ameriean shipping 23 paid for lights, in 1819, the sum of ow ned will not multiply individual ex- of the amount of this tax. “The number of criean ships that entered the ports of the United Kingdom for the nine months ending Oet. 1, 1450, was 602, with a tonnage of 473,909. If one-third be added for the last quarter of the year, the total will be 752 ships, and about six handred thousand tons, being an average of nearly 80) tons to each ship. Assuming this caleulation to be substantial appears from the trade list, that 3,90 American vessels have entered the ports of the hited Kingdom in the last four years, with a ton- of 2,422,492. During the last ten years, the m ec ad Ameri - be 4 aan inte the United Kingdom has been 7,872, with an aggregate Weim oe one ery are not the same in all the ports of the United Kingdom. ‘The rate at Liverpool’ is 104d. or Md. ; whereas ig Londva the charge is 13d. shareten | na or we the , ni 5 Mppiog of the United States ooed ‘eo 7, vessels, the aggregate of which 4,681,925, the immense or over 1,100,000, for the ol system of the United Ki \ ° . During the last year, there appears to have been levied upon the shi g Of the world, for the light dues of the United Kingdom, between £100,000 and £500,000. Of this, one-fourteent! was paid by citizens of the United States; wl British sub- jects, with a fleet doubtless equally large ia the ports of the United States, have not been taxed at all for the maintonance of lights. ‘The govern- meut of the United St in view of its Upersly, is justified in asking her Majesty's government to do away with this great inequality and remove this restriction on commerce. The undersigned believes that no other nation levies so heavy a tax upon ships, in the form of light dues, as this. “Thero are in the United States many more lighthouses, &e. than in the United Kingdom, yet the annual appropriation for tho construction of new, the repair of old lighthouses, and the anain- tenance of both, does not equal one-fifth of the an- nua! amount raised for this purpose in the United fenedom by the tax on the shipping coming into its ports. Ii conclusion, the undersigned, on behalf of his government, expresses tho wish that her Majesty's government inay take this grave subject into con- sideration; that it may speedily set free American shipping from so unequal and so oncrous a restric- tion; th it_may complete its great measures for commercial freedom, und may thus increase still more the intercommunication which is already pro- ducing such happy results. : ‘The undersigned, &e. Apporr Lawrence. VISCOUNT PALMERSTON TO MR. LAWRENCE. Forrien Orr: Feb. 6, 1851. The undersigned, &e., has the honor to inform Mr. Lawrence, &c., that her Majesty’s government has had under its consideration the note which Mr. Lawrence addressed to the undersigned, on the 31st of December, complaining that heavy light dues are levied on American shipping in the ports of the United Kin, a, Se i} dues of the berg kind are char, upon British ships frequeating the ports of the United States; and Mr. Lawrence says that he is instructed hy his government to request that mneasures may be taken in order that American vessels may enjoy in British ports, im regard to ex- emption both from light dues and other similar charges, the same ddvantages which British vessels enjoy in the ports of the United States. in reply, the undersigned has the honor to state, that the difference between the treatment of British vessels in American ports, and that of American vessels in British ports, in regard to light dues, is a consequence of the difference which exists between the system on which coast lights are maintained in the United States, and the system on which such lights are maintained in the U Kingdom. n the United States, the coast lights are erected and maintained by the federal government, and the expenses connected with those lights form part of the general expenditure of that government. ‘The federal government, therefore, has a right to deter- mine whether it shall re-imburse itself for this out- lay by levying light dues upon shipping, or whe- ther, on the whole, it may not be more for the ad- vantage of the United States, and more conducive to the commercial Eeceper tty of the nation, that this charge should be borne by the public revenue, and that the commerce of the Union should be freed from any burthen in the shape of light dues upon vessels frequenting the ports of the Union. The [Beery of the United States having power to decide this question, has determined wisely, as her Majesty’s government think, as well as liberally, to free the commerce of the Union from any burthen on this account, and to defray out of the national revenue the actual cost of erecting and maintaining the coast lights. If the coast lights of the United Kingdom had been established upon the same principle, and if they had been erected and were maintained at the public expense, and if they were managed and administered by a department of the State, it is possible that her Majesty’s — might think that it would be best for the general interests of the nation, that the system of the United States in regard to these matters should be adopted in this country, and that the commerce of the Unite Kingdom should be relieved from the. burthen of light dues.. But the British government has not the power to deal with this matter as it pleases; the various lights which are established round the coasts of the United Kingdom have been erected and are main- tained by various corporate bodies; and those cord porate bodies are entitled, by patents and by acts o| parliament, to levy certain dues upon shipping, in order to raise the necessary income for paying in- terest on the capital laid out in the construction of the lights, and for providing the means requisite for }lefraying the expense of maintaining those lights. ‘Te Majesty's government have no right or power to order these corporate bodies to abstain from levy- ing these dues, and these dues could not be made to cease, unless parliament was to vote such sums as would be necessary to buy up for the publie the in- terest which the private parties concerned have in theve lights; nor unless parliament were at thesame time to authorise the government to abolish light dues for the future, and were to charge upon the = revenue the expense of maintaining the ights. d Phe expediency of adopting such a course has, indeed, from time to time been suggested, but the question has not hitherto been considered with a view to any practical decision. Her Majesty's government, however, cannot ad- mit that the difference which exists between the system which prevails in the United States, and that which subsists in Great Britain, in regard to coast lights, has the effect of int ing upon that _ ciple of commercial reciprocity between Great Britain and the United States, which forms the basis of the treaty of ISI5. It is no part of the engagements of (hat treaty, that the internal sy: tem and local arrangements of the two countries, upon commercial matters, shall be the same. But the principle distinctly laid down in the second pa- ragraph of the first article of the treaty of 1815 is, that the vessels of each country shall, in the ports of the other, be treated, in regard to duties and charges, in the same manner and on the same foot- ing as national veseels; and this stipulation is strictly observed in regard to the light dues which are levied upon American vessels in British ports, for no other or higher light dues are levied in those ports upon American vessels than are levied in those ports upon vessels belonging to the United King- dom. But if the British light dues cannot be deemed to be any infringement of the principle of reciprocity which forms the basis of the aay | of 1315, neither can they be considered as in any degree conflicting with the liberal principle upon which sg navigation law of Great Britain is founded. For that navigation law relates to the admission of foreign ships into Briti rts with certain goods on board, and coming from certain voyages, which oods and voyagts would, before the passi os Ee, have involved an exclusion from.a British port; but that law has no reference to light dues or har- bor dues, nor does it make any mention of such matters, and it cannot, therefore, be appealed to as requiring, for its complete execution, that any change should be made in such matters. Her. Majesty's government are quite ready to discuss with the | ght of the United States any question which may arise in —— to = sup- incompleteness in the mutual application of that principle of reciprocity in matters of naviga- tion, which is contained in the Act 12 and 13 V cap. 29; but willing and desirous as they are to ca ry out the provisions of that act to the fullest extent, with ct to all countries which are disposed, as the United States have declared themselves to be, to pursue a similar course, yet her Majesty's govern- ment cannot admit the force of arguments founded upon @ constructive Sopeeniien of that law to mat- ters which are wholly beyond the range of its enact- ments. The undersigned, &e., Patmerston. MR. LAWRENCE TO VISCOUNT PALMERSTON. Unrrep States Le@atton, 138 Piccadilly, February 12, i851. The undersigned, Envoy Extraordinary, and Mir- ister Plenipotentiary of the United States of Ameri- ca, has the honor to acknowledge thé receipt of the note of Viscount Palmerston, her Britannic Majes- ty’s principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, of the 6th inst., in reply to the former note of the undersigned to Lord Palmerston, on the subject of the imposition of light dues on the tonnage of the United States within the ports of the United King- dom, and will not fail to transmit a copy to his government by the earliest opportunity. The undersigned avails himself of this occasion to correct an error into which her Majesty's govern- ment * to have fallen with reference to the re+ quest made by the undersigned, on behak of the government of the United ‘hates, on this eubject. The government of the United States is not wn- aware of the difference between the syetem on which const lights are maintained in the United States and the system on which such lights are maintained in the United Kingdom. On the contrary, the undersigned alluded to that differencein the former communica- tion he had the honor to make toViscount Palmerstot with reference tothem. That fact does not, however, diminish the pressure of thiatax upon the shipping of United States. And while the undersigned di claims all intention of Segueing, tho particular mode by which the lights of the United Kingdom are ma-ntained, he still cherishes the hope that there is nothing in that system to prevent the changes for which his government has asked. * ‘Yscd ‘The foderal goveroment docs not rest this on the provisions of the gvurgntion of 181d, of the t 0 matters shall be thesams Neither does it seek to view the present na’ of the United Kings as liberatii commerce of the United States from the tax. Were me, heaton meat cay ge oveasion to instruet undersigned to m: the communica tion of the 31st of December last. ‘The federal government rests this request solely j the fact ny dena er ne of Great nen en- ys, without rge, tl » beacons, and buoys, Salotslned by the Unies Ghate, 90 novees soveral thousand milos in extent; while the commerce of the United States ia heavily taxed for the support of sianilar , and buoys in the United Kingdom. iow of this fact, it her Majesty's ernment to meet the liberality of the Keates with a reciprocal liberntity. And, as an ad- ditional reason for granting the juest, it points ie the present De rapeipey perscigle he two nations, founded professedly on the prince of reciprocity ; and it invites her Majesty's government to extend the principle still further, and treat the cot of the United States as liberally as States treat the commerce of the United om. ‘The undersigned trusts that no question will arise in regard to any supposed incompleteness in the mu- tual application of that princi; matters of navigation, contained the Act 12'and 13 Vie., ¢. 29, to render necessary the discussion for which ‘ount Palmerston expresses the readiness of her Majest 's govoenmant, The onder has great pleasure in learning that the expediency of adopting such a course as that of the United States has been, from time to time, suggested, and renews the expression of the hope x Majesty’s government may devise some way to remove or to lighten this burden, which now falls so heavily on the commerce of the United States. The undersigned, &c. Amorr Lawrr VISCOUNT PALMERSTON ‘TO 3. LAWRENC Forxien Ortice, Feb. 14, 1851. The undersigned, &c., has the honor to inform Mr. Lawrence, &c., that he has received, and has referred to the proper department of her Majesty’s government, the note which Mr. Lawrence addross- ed to the undersigned, on the 12th inst., relative to le of reciprocity in the light dues which are levied on American ship ping in the ports of the United Kingdon The undersigned, &c., — PALM: India. Wo have received advices in anticipation of the Over- land Bombay mail. The dates are-—Bombay, Feb. 3; Calcutta, Jan. 25, There are no late advices from China. A conflagration occurred at Rangoon on the 28th of De- cember, which nearly annihilated the city, The loss it has oceasioned is computed at £300,000, The Governor- General was expected to reach Peshawur on the 20th of January. Ghoolab Singh hay returned to Jamoo, There have been floods in the rivers, and tremendous rains in the northwest provinces, with heavy fulls of snow at Simla, The fort of Dharoor, in the Nizam’s dominions, lately captured by the Rohillabs, was on the 2ki of Jan. invested by 20,000 of the contingent, with a heavy siege train. under Brigadier Beatson. The force was so over- whelming that the Rohillahs were expected to surrender without resistance. Sir C, Napier reached Malta on the 25th ult., on his way to England. Egypt Our advices from Aloxamdvis are to the 2st ult ‘The Viceroy, Abbas Pasha, and his council at Cairo, are busily engaged. about the introduction of ® form of con- stitution for the government of Egypt. recommended by the Sultan to be adopted, on the same footing as at Con- stantinople. This constitution is toaffect the administra- tion of commercial and political affairs. and the se consuls have been called upon to give their advice, would at firet sight seem # good thing were many of the old despotic customs of the country abrogated and the rights of the people more respected, but many think that the people of Hxypt are still in too dark and tmelvitized » state to be ruled by any other than a purely despotic government ; and were any liberty to be accorded to them, they would soon turn it into extravagant licen- tiousness, and the country would become very unsafe to live in. ‘The condition of the cultivators of the land in Egypt is decidedly improving, for they are now allowed to grow their own produce, and dispose of it for their own account. They do not yet feel much security, for as soon as they get ck to their villages, with the result of bury their money; but ina very fe rs, if the nt xystem is pursued, they will begin t that what virs Will not be forced away from them, and they will tw'n their money to advantage, in liew of consigning it to the earth, ‘The contrast between the state of Egypt and any pro- vince in the Ottoman Empire is yery striking. In Exypt a traveller may go through any part of the country with- out the slightest apprehension for his personal safety, while in Turkey and Syria mismanagement and gross peculations oa the part of the authorities prevail every- where, and the people are ground down to great misery. Mebemet Ek 2 the yougest son of the late Mehemet Ali Pasha, enticed, no doubt, by temptations from the Sultan, wished to go to Constantinople to reside there; but. on a family council being convened, by Abbas Pasha, it was decided that it was better for the young prine remain in Fart. thelr fears being that the fetens that would be instilled into his mind at Constantinople would, at a future time, create dissentions among the family, Specimens of every article of the produce of Egypt— cloths and instruments of all descriptions—are to be — to England by the next steamer, for the great exhi- ition, weir sales, Arabia, By accounts from Arabia. it appears that the Sultan's troops have subjected the whole of the country between Sanaa and the sea. Ap expedition had also been made, but without success, to Macullab, on the coast of Ladra- mant, Foreign Miscellany. Serrw Sreamers.—We have more than once directed attention to the great revolution screw steamers are destined to effect in our mercantile marine, and every weck gives strength to our con- victions. The disaster which befell the Great Bri- tain, though her only fault was that she overran her commander, gave screw steamers a check for a time, but they are now rapidly augmenting, and Rubeming their vo with great regularity. The Arno, one of this class of vessels, arrived last evening, in five days and sixteen hours from Gib- raltar. Before the year closes, we shall have one, if not more, between this port and Chagres, and, asthe railroad thence to Panama will be com- pleted by that time, for the contractors are pro- ceeding nny with their work, with a view to opening it before the 31st of December, this route will materially facilitate the transmission of our texile fabrics from this country to the west coast of America. In a few years we expect to find not only every ocean and sea traversed by English screw steamers, but every estuary and river in which there isa port of any extent of trade, entered by those from Liverpool. America is proverbial her clipper sailing ships, owing to the peculiar of her California and China trades, for the nature of the credit system under which they are carried on, gives clipper ships an especial advantage; but, believing that screw steamers will become best adapted to all trades that can afford to pay a fair remuneration for outward freights, they will ulti- mately displace the clipper calling vessel. ery year diminishes the expenses of screw steamers, from the greater certainty of coaling at interme- diate ports at a reduced cost; for, let screw steamers be but once established on any route, and the coal- ing depots wil created, as a matter of course, by other interests. Our feeling would be more zealously enlisted were Liverpool, whose position is peculiarly favorable for the building of iron steam- ers, making efforts to secure for herself her fair portion of their construction, iustead of allowing the Clyde to have nearly the entire building to it- self. Even a joint stock company would be prefer- able to inactivity. —Liverpool Albion. Navy or Swevex.—According to an_ official statement, recently published, the mercantile na of Sweden consists of 1,205 sailing vessels, and steamers, two of which, the Berzelius and Thule, are ofiron. These mate a total of 1,254 vessels, the collective tonnage of which is 78,506. They are distributed among the various as follows:— Gothenburg, 150; Calmar, 127; Stockholm, 116; Gefle, 107; Udewalla, 9; Gothiand, 68; Malmoe, 51; Hernosand, 41; Carlshaurm, 22; Cariskrona, 17; and remaining ports, 456. At Motala, two steam vessels are in course of construction, intended to navigate the canal between Stockholm and (iot- tenburg. Extensive docks are now being construct- ed at Noorkoeping and Stockholm. To those of the latter city will be added a dry dock large enough to receive a ship of the line of 12) guns. In order to obtain space for this, it will be necessary to blast three rocks—an operation which will be performed in the course of the ensuing «pring. Financiat, Connrtion or Panis.—The budget of Paris for 1551, amounts, in receipts and expenses, to 49,137.914f, in the receipts are included a stia of 4,400,000, left over from Two. The principal items under the hoad of receipts, are—Octroi, 33,585,008. ; halles and markets, 2,807,025f.; communal centimes, 1,086,000f.; hydraulic establishments, 1,035,000f.; slaughterhouses, 1,000,000f.; grants of ground in the cemeteries, 608,350; rent of stands inthe public thoroughfares, 608,664f.; sewors, 505,550f.; eutre- pots, Of; tax on funerals, 411,000f. In the ox- penses may be mentioned the sum of 7,357,493f. carried to the budget of the prefecture of police, and 722,506. for new extraordinary works. Among the other items of expenses, are—Municipal debt, 7,626,516f. ; hospices and charitable institutions, be 71 Fetentions for the benefit of the Tren- sury, 6,149,157f.; works of ration, 3,607,241f.; expenses of collection, 3,466,0816.; primary instrac- tion, 1,265,686f.; libraries, promenades, and works of art, 131,276f.; National G&rds and milita rice, if.; expense of direction of works, 485,- B00f.; prefecture central mairie, 722,300f.; principal ,G00f.; maires of arrondissements, 46, es and public ceremonies, 192,500f.; fune- or Aud cemeteries, 464,300f.; public worship, 84,- sew Tur Dixyer to Mr. Wensren.—Wo understand that Mr. Webster has not yet designated the day on which he will visit Annapolis, though he has ac- cepted the invitation tendered him by the members of the Reform Convention, His arrangements will not permit of his aking of the dinner as early as was desired; yet it is and believed they will not prevent iim gratifying his friends before the gonvention edjourns.—Dal Sun, March 2. Derarrsant ov rie Interior, Ni + meer Ronen, March bey ys jew beea uted in theexe- cution ihe Bounty and art of ber 23, 1850, and some of the rules and regulations hereto- fore ribed vither misinterpreted or disregarded, the ‘Eliow! instruct anes by the Seere- tary of the Interior, ave issued for the benefit of all persons inte 4 “ of February 11, 1847, having restricted 1. Tho act h ¢ land bounty for service in the Mexican war to the i » musicians, and privates non-commissioned of the regular army, the claims of commissioned officers in that service are for the first time reeog- nised by tho act of 28th of September, 1850. It was not the intention of that act to bestow bounty land on the whole army of the United States wherever lo- cated, but only on those whose service was connected or had a direct reference to that war; nor can the act be properly construed toembrace the officers and cmployées attached to the War Department in Washington, their service not being of that kind which was comtemplated. It is not necessary that officers should have been actually within the limits of Mexico, or on the borders thereof, provided they were actively engaged in the war, rng directly con- nected with its operations. 2. In the warof 1812troops were frequently called out by the State authority, and not immediately mus- tered in the service of the United States. If the fede- ral government paid such troops from the time of their enrolment, and before they were actually mustered in the service of the United States, that payment is equivalent to a recognition of their service from the date of the enrolment. The time for which they were paid by the United States furnishes a convenient aud practical standard for estimating the period of service. 4 8. The conflicts with the Creek Indians, whieh commenced about 5th of May, 1836, and ended 30th of September, 1837, are considered as embraced by the act of 1850; large bodies of troops having been mustered in the United States service, and several engagements having occurred, attended by the los: of many lives in battle, within that period. The disturbances on the southwestern frontier in 1836; in the Cherokee country in 1836 and 1937; and the Now York disturbances in 1838 and 1839, are no considered as embraced by the provisions of the ac of September, 1850. 4. It has been settled that Indians who were re- ularly mustered into the service of the United States, and formed a component t of the line of the army, were entitled to the benefit of the act. In the case of the Cherokees, who have an grga nized government and a judicial system in opera- tion, the affidavit in support of an’ application for land bounty must be made before one of their judges, whose official character shal! be certified by their principal chief. The Creeks having no judi- cial officers, the United States agent in that nation is authorized to administer the necessary oaths. 5. It has been heretofore stated that ““teamsters and artificers were not entitled to land bounty;” but this is not to be so understood, if such teamsters or ficers belonged to the line of the army, and « regularly detailed for that particular kind of ee. 6. Surgeons employed by a commanding officer, ata stipulated rate of compensation, but not com- missioned or belonging to'the line of the army, are not entitled to land bounty, 7. Ithas been decided’ by the Department that the substitute performing the military service, and not the employer, is entitled to the land bot but when the engagement is partly performed by both, each is entitled to his share, according to the period of service. 8. Where the declaration of the claimant ononth, supported by a regular and authentic diseha in conflict with the military rolls, the for general rule, will be preferred. 'And where tho rolls are altogether silent as to the claimant, the positive testimony of officers and soldiers with whom he served, and whose names are found on the rolls, will be received as evidence. The act of September, 1850, excludes all per- sons who have received, or aro entitled to receive, land bounty under any act of Congress heretofore passed. In all applications hereafter preseuted, (reasonable time being allowed for these instrue- tions to cireulate,) it will be required that the claim- I state in declaration that he has not re- ceived nor is entitled to receive such bounty. 10. The Department has decided that widows are entitled to the land bounty of deceased soldiers, if they are widows at the passage of the act of Sep- tember 28, 1850. ‘This is the law in its general « plication, aut the widow ofan officer or scl Killed in battle is entitled to the maximum allow- ance of one hundred and sixty acres, without ref~ rence to the period of her hushand’s service; ani, although a married woman at the passage of the act, if unmarried at the date of her application, her claim is valid. IL. The death of an officer or soldier may be proved by satisfact ry evidence ; and if such officer or soldier should die after the declaration filed at the Pension office, but before the issuing of the warrant, it shall be competent for the widow, or if there be no widow, for the minor children, to apply for the said warrant and receive the same, on filing the necessary proofs of title. Considerable anxiety prevails in some quarters in regard to the execution of this law, and much im- patience is manifested as to whether applications forwarded have been received, and when the war- rants are likely to be issued. A few explanations will probably’ suffice. Up to the time when the present commissioner entered upon the discharge of his duties (the Ist December, 1850) between thirty and forty thousand applications were received, hut, as the force employed had been ex ged upon oliner branches of the business, no special acknowledg- ment had been made to claimants. ly in I cember a printed circular was prepared and dis- patched by every mail, acknowledging t of claims; but as it was impossible us reasons, that this cireular could be rded to previous applicants, it was necessarily confined to the future. Tlundreds, out a knowledge of these fi have been surprised that their own were neglected, when others, subsequen ed, have been acknowledged by mail, If those who sent their claims prior to the 10th of December will wait patiently, they will in due time be either in the form of a warrant or by letter, asa ing the reasons of suspension or pejectio pto this period, the office, with all its force faithfully | applied, has only been able to issue between seven | and eight thousand warrants on declarations re- ceived in October and early in November. Some time, therefore, must elapse before the num rous claims which arrived in November and December ean be finally acted on, of wh claimants can be informed by the usual print knowledgment. Up to the present time, al hundred thousand applications have been ree anfl every day’s mail brings an increase, vary! from five hundred to a thousand. ‘The office is‘ now issuing between a thousand and twelve hundred warrants a week; but more than eighteen months must elapse before the claims now on hand can disposed of, or matured into the form of warra The number of applications having increase beyond what was anticipated, in order to sat public demand additional force was asked of ‘ gress near the close of. the late se nd t quest would doubtless have been gra had it been at an earlier period. If granted hereafter, t ork | will, of course, be accelerated, aud the time for its | completion shortened. | Singular misconceptions exist as to the time ne- cessary to execute the law. The rule of the Depart- ment ts, that cach claim shall be acted on in turn, or in the order in which it is received ; and this rule has been rigidly and impartially enforced. It would he tedious andunnecessary to describe the , process hy which the claims ate conducted from their first reception and acknowledgment to the final issuing of the warrants. In order to guard against error and impo: n, they are enrotull registered and classified,and subjected to separate examination different hands, no advantage in any respect being gained by a hurried and ill-digested method of pro- ceeding... With all these precantions errors will | unavoidably ocenr, but means will also be employed to render them harmless, All persons intorested in the law, or desiring in- formation in regard to it, are requested to address their communications directly to this office, to which they are referred if sent te ms of the departments. E. Hearn, Commissioner of Pensions. Cart. Hexry M. Swuteve, tue Earty Navies ¥ THe Misstssirrt. he St. Le Times, of th inst., announces the death of Capt. Henry - Shreve, one of the worthiest citizens of that community. Ile was one of the earliest and most intelligent pioncers of western commerce, ha commenced flat-boating as carly as ISO, and tinued in that business until 814. In Decembe 1814, he took charge of a steamboat, (the thi built on the Western waters,) proceeded with her from Pittsburgh to New Orleans, performing the downward trip in fourteen days. He put him. self and steamer under the direction of Gienoral Jackson, and, under cover of night, conv and supplies for the relief of Fort St. Phillipe ing the battle of the Sth of January, he served o of the heavy field pieces which cut down the advane- ing columns of General Kean, Although two steamers had previously made the down Capt. Shreve was the first one to mak ward voyage. By his own improvemen steam engine, and models of steambo demonstrated the practicability of navigat Mississippi by steam power, and for his snecess was honored with lie dinner more than a quarter of a century ago. To him the West owes, also, the destruction of the celebrated Livingston and Falton monopoly, which had virtually locked up the navi- gation of the Mississippi. During the administra- tions of Adams, Jack-on and Van Buren, he was U, S. Superintendent of Western River Improvemenis. As the inventor of the steam snag boat, he contri- buted more to the safety of the western ‘commores, = Lge a pd se ead tothe West, th: inost amy one identified with the history of the Missiasipp. valley. 7 ass | feet he came to shell lim nw 14, 16l. How. Daw't. Wensrer:— Drax Sin:—A number of the citizens of Now Nork, without distinction E8 party, beg ee rou; undersigned, to ask your acceptamee 8 cari rao, bavnent, end horses, which have bees selected for , a3a small token of the high esti- mation in which they bold your course of pub- lic services in the councils of the nation, ag the ex- under of its constitution, and the defender of the nion. it must bea source of great gratification to te know that, in the crisis which has just paral gps bold and manly course, in espousing the cause of the Union, and its recent compromise, at the peril of loss of favor with a section of that party with which you bave ever acted, and whose ciples you have ever maintained, has met with the warm approval and cordial support of your coun- trymen at large. hat your valuable life may be long te your family, and your country, is the t wisla of your friends, whow we represent, and of oure selves. We are, dear sir, your obedient servants, Wa. M. Ricuarps, San'h. E, Sproun.sy Cuas. Srerson, Cuas. W. A. Ropeges. Wasuinoron, March, 21, 1861. pt of your letter of the 14th of Febra- advisable to postpone an answee ary, | deeme until the carriage, harness and horses should arrive here. They e on, and were received, all sound, and in good order, in the carly part of this month. "The pressure of affairs at the breaking up of Congress, and until the final adjournment i! tike Senate, has obliged me to put off until to-morrow, ev not absolutely necessary to be done to-day. And now, gentlemen, | have to thank you foe your costly and handsome present. The ¢ itself is thought to be as clegant as any ever seen im the country. It spears to be of exquisite work- manship, and is rich, without being gaudy. It is pa commodious, and its mot:on pleasant and agree: Oe ere horses attached to the carriage, 1 think, are quite worthy of it. They are certainly uncommonly handsome, and their travelling and action very fine. Inthe whole, gentlemen, I rather fear that thie equipage is toosplendid and superb for a plain farm- erot Marshfield; but s been your pleasure te t make me so very valuable a gift; | accept it with all thankfulness, aisha abcess regard it asa mea- not of my own merits, but of your bounty aad munifieence. But, gentlemen, 1 am more deeply your debtor for the estimation in which you are pleased to hold my public services in the Councils of the country. If I have attempted, gentlemen, to expound the eon- stitution, | have attempted to expound that whick. T have studied with diligence and veneration, fromm my carly manhood to the present day. If] have endeas ored to defend and uphold the Union of the States, it is beeause my fixed judgment, and nm: unalterable affections, have impelled me, and ati impel me, to regard t Union as the only secu- rity dor general prosperity and national glory. Yes, gentlemen, the constitution and the Union! ‘I place them together. If they stand, they must stand to- gether; if they fall, they must fall together. They are the images which present to every Americam his surest reliance, and his brightest hopes. If they perish in my day, or afterwards, 1 shall still leave, im the history of the times, my own deep, heartfelt, and engros conviction, that they are among the greatest poli s ever bestowed by Provi- dence on man; ny course of disas- trons events, suc ppen to all human ia- atituti they should become sexered and broken, even their history and their memory will constitute a tract of light’ upon which all lovers of humaa liberty, in after times, may gaze with admiration. Yes, gentlemen, Union and the Constitution! Fortunati ambo! si quid mea carmina possunt, Nulla dies unquam memori vos eximet «vo, Dum demus Fnew Capitoli immobile saxum Accolet, imperiumque pater Romanus habebit. I was not unaware, gentlemen, on the morning o€ the 7th of March, of last year, that I was enter upon a duty which, 9s you suggest, might bring inte peril that favor which had been long shown me, by that political party whose principles Thad, for long time, steadily maintained. A crisis had arrived in which it did not become me, as] thought, to be indifferent, and todo nothing. Still less did it be- come me to act & part which should inflame section- ) animosities, tend to destroy all genuine Americaa feeling, and shake the fabric of the government te its foundation, 1 was willing to ter"? an2 Gin SIRT willing to trust, for the vindication of my motives, to the intelligent taen of my own party, and of all parties. T should, indeed, have been wholly un- worthy of that character which it is my highest am- iti ain among my countrymen, if 1 had personal peril to bear, with the weight ofa feather, against my profound sense of ie duty, Whatever may now happen, | shall meet it fixed purpose; and while acting in full »peration with the great, mass of our fellow e' us, who hold the same sea- iments that you hold, I shall fear nothing. 1 am, gentlemen, Your obliged friend and fell with a clear conscience and ee W citizen, ‘L Weasrer. 3. Wat. M. Ricttarns, Merprr or a Nreno T iN Nori Caras About five or go, Tilghman Iunt, trader, left Goldsboro’ tor Fayetteville on a excursion, y Thomas Pitt, whom he had hired b » with him. Nothing more was heard of ¢' of the parties until some two weeks since, when Pitt made his appearance at Rocky Mount, where he belongs, with six negroos, twoh podecken (tag? idonprsetd maken Foe ng posed to be eight or ten thousand dollars. ed there several days, figuring largely, ag it appears, daring which he pitchaseda set of bowl- ing alleys, and a negro. He gave several contra- dictory accounts of the way in which he became ie ed of so much mot so short a time—one that he had made it by trading, and another that it had been given him te egroes with. lly he started northward, giving the name of rret to the conductor the train. Sinee departure two or thre: have been n up and lodged in Nash county jail. state that Hunt, Pitt, and the six negroes, had camped within amile of Fayetteville, near the Ci Fear, we believe, when the two former walked out in the woods; during their absence the report of a pis tol was heard, and soon afterwards Pitt returned alone, and ordered the negroes to have the horses into the vehicle'immediately, ‘This is the negroes’ ac~ count,andit may be true,or y have been invented to conceal their own particiy pinthe affair, Pitt, he hired himself to Hunt, was worth nothing at lofat Petersburgh, where he elf G ‘The real Garret, a negro trad know: » and is fully twa feet two inches in Pitt isa man about 28 years of age, rather large and bony, with a consi- derable stoop, a little bowlegged, very light com- plexion, white hair, and white eyebrows and white don, he was dressed in » light colored frock or ness coat, pantaloons of the same, or nearly same color, and a cap. ‘There seems to be no doubt that Pitt is guilty of the murder. We have n@ intelligence concerning it from Fayetteville, and have not heard of the discovery of the body. Mr. Hun w izen of Guilford county in this State, , We learn by Monday morning's mail that the negroes have been examined, and admitted that llunt had been killed by one of them the insti- gation of Pitt, he having promised to give them al® of Hunt's money and to carry them to a free States The body was wrapped up in some canyass and thrown into a river, supposed to be Black River, = short distance from Fayetteville. —Eastern (N. C.p Reynddican, March W. | eye and face very much freckled, upper li snd front teeth of the upper jaw, long. At ‘‘ oaicat. Discovery.—The following inter ig geological dise y has just been made by ral Culfen, at C A question having beem raised as to the relat jons of that most mys terious of rocks, laterite, and the shell limestone om which, in this quarter, it was said to rest, General Cullen caused a well to be dug from the top of the cliff, about Lap feet above the level of the sea downwards to this —— it was about eighty feet inland. At the dept thirty-seven and a hal ne—a well sunk near the sea, eighty-four mil the southwest, gives precisely the same results. The limestone is one of the most modern of our formation The shelle contained in it seem all reeent—the cine and fos sil remaine are close by. ‘The supposition that late= rite is nothing else than d mposed granite, or trap Mm ot, is thus completely and at once ¢ of; by knowing what it is not, we may by and by be led to infer what it is. teneral Cullen has now led a career in India of honor, and usefulness, ox ceeding forty years in duration; and with all the ardor of true philosophy and alacrity of 5 he pursues his favorite science with an cue: at ge, is in India os rave as it is qdmirable. it is not every one who is in a position to dig a welll forty feet deep, through solid rock, to ascertain the relation of two sets of strata, ‘Treary—Rerrorten For- PEITURE OF ror Way.—The New Or- leans Delta of the 16th inst. has the following let- ter relative to the grant of the right of way across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec:— a Mexico, January 27, 1851, On Saturday, the Senate, in secret sess! rm) de- clared Jose de Garny's we of the right across the Isthmus of “Tehuantepec and he having forfeited the sametwiee. the sale to P. Hargous is worth nothing, less the swle of Ifargous to the citizens in New Orlenns. “Mensnres will, we sodersagd, baspeenee taken to order off all persons enga: a car or working on the Tthmus, aed to rth (hoot Whe hare gemmitted depredations- Tue Tentvaxrere R