The New York Herald Newspaper, November 16, 1850, Page 2

T Businees of Literary Men Im 1850, We have left the black-letter age forever. Frois- sart, with his forty folios of chronicles ; Lopez de Vega, with his twenty-two hundred plays ; Mura- tori, with his Alexandrian library, belonged te those centuries which rolled by before the mighty agencies had gone abroad which are now agita'ing mankind. We need not, however, go back so far as the authors we have mentioned, for our illus- trations. Ne longer ago than the time of Johnson, Addison, Goldsmith, and Steele, literary periodi- eals were a novelty, which excited the curiosity and astonishment of mankind. When the Ram- bler and the Idler were first projected, they were mupposed to be fatal innovations upon the literary ‘system of that period; for, in the hands of such men, nobedy could doubt their success. The black-letter taste still prevailed, even in England» which was far advanced beyond the rest of the world in the spirit of modern progress. From that time, the literature of the world has been gradually advancing, from libranes, cloisters, studios, and universities ; and it has at last be- come 80 aggressive that few authors now rely upon the bound volume form, for influential or powerful works. In the beginniog of the present century, Edinburgh became distinguished in lead- ing the way in literary journalism in Europe. The Eduburgh Review, and Blackwood’s Mugazine started at about the same time—the one a monthly and the other a quarterly publication. The former, Brougham chose for the medium of his stirring and powertul ideas; the other, became the organ of Jef- frey and his associates; and they put forth more influence upon the literary taste of Great Britains than all its books together These leading minds felt the spirit of their age, and they foresaw that With the progress mea were making io their ideas, books in ponderous forms were becoming too slow a medium through which to communicate with the world. Rival journals were rapidty multiplied, and things at last came to such a pars in Great Britain, and on the Continent, that nearly all the startling asd brilliant hterary productions of ealti- vated minds, came outin the periodical form. Every orgen; and reviews and periodicals were multiplied to on indefinite extent. The great changes which came over Europe during the ascendeney of Na- poleon, and the mighty discoveries and applications of new principles in the mechanical world, with the rapid and unprecedented rise into power and reputation of the American republic, introdueed a new period of progress ia journalism. Meneould no longer wait for the ponderous quarterly or slow monthly, for the discussion of ideas and priaciples. Great literary and weekly journals were established, and maintained their ascendant, for a eonsiderable period, until, at last, even these had to give way to the lighting speed of the daily press. We have now reached a period when books have yost nearly all their control over the opinions of mankind, and the thinking machines of the world are the cylinder presses, which strike off 10,000 an hour. It is a great mistake that Methuselah lived such avery longtime. Nine hundred and sixty-nine years dida’t amount to much before the flood. Time is no longer to be measured by suce strokes of the pendulum, but by successive 5 and before an author, whatever be his talents or Teputation, can write, and print, end bin: 4, and bring into market a single volume, tea to one the subject iteelf has grown stale as the buraing of Moscow. Events are moving too rapidly to allow Of any historiogrepher except the steam press, The telegraph is now doing the work of railways, sea extras are resttering [MEF Mocecges on the wings of the wind. Wedo not mea. to say that literary and scientific men may not still, for a long period, and perheps forever, write and publish, with profit and advantage, essays and dissertations upon ecience andsystems of education. Many investigations, men of learning, which require the elaborate form of the ponderous volume ; but we mean to say ve that the literary talent of the world, to all in- | tents and purposes, makes itself felt every twean: tv-feur hours through the daily press. don «und Puris the most powerful and learn- ed writers are concentrated around the great daily journals. Those men, who once de- voted all their energies to the writing of great books, now sit up till morning, when the last telegraphic despatches ar- Five from every part of the world, and during here are | discoveries, and ideas of | | Ta Lon- } three o’clock in the | next hour or two, compose with electric speed, ar- | heles which are throwa under the steam engiac, | and committed to the railways of forty miles an hour, hefore daylight. Their thoughts, instead of being thrown into libraries, are thrown into the community Instead of waiting whole weeks, menths, yeai nd, perhaps, generations, for read- ers who cen appreciate what they say, they reach the heads and hearts of millions before the earth has made one revolution on her axis, Their ideas enter into the conversation, the thoughts, and th. actions, of myriads, even before they read them the meelves in a printed form. This we conceive to be the highest mission of ‘Werary men; and if every accomplished scholar | in this country, instead of wasting his time and ora ing his powers in preparing volumes which would be limited in their sale, and consequently in their influence, would bold their ear to the tele- gteph ard listen to its responses, they might be able to contro! the opinions of mankind a thousand Umer more eflectually than has been done by any or. Time is more precious in 1850 than it ever wes before. Frauklin was supposed to be a very wise nan, and he doubtless was; but the highest eatimete we find in his writings upon the value of time, ie embraced int golden sentence where he eaye, “time is mowry.”” In the month of October, no domini 1860, it means something more. It meene gold, indeed, and from California at that; but it elo means political, moral, social, and intel- lectual power. It seans progress, impetus, ad- vaneement. I: means everything that belongs to the ege, into which the elements of all past ages are crowded It means fifty thousand Merald, suvek off infour or five hours of any and every morning, to be distributed throughout the entire eivilized world When we read in some essay, written chiefly to aid digestion on the sofa, after a good dinner, or aforhioneble sovel—which, we are happy to learn, the mest approved and celebrated homcrpathie phy- jeans now invariably preseribe, im smail doses, as apodynes, soporifies, &e.—that a large number of literary men, charity scholars, poets, et cetera, are wandering about the streets, out at the elbows and Out at the eating houses, forsooth, because they @annot get in ond pay the bill, we are disposed to The Publie Buildings of New York City. CITY HALL. This building, though not the most elegant and costly, is still the most prominent in the city ; and if we were asked the reason why it is 80, we honestly confess it would tax our ingenuity to give a goodone. The best we can give, however, is the beauty of its location, and its being the oldest edi- fice of any note in the city. In communities as well asin individuals there is a tendency to cling \0 their first love, and hence perhaps arises the par tiality of our citizens for the City Hall over all others in the city; but let us not be misunderstood in these remarks; we do not mean to underrate the beauties of this edifice, for although it cannot compare in point of architectural elegance and randuer with the Custom Ilouse or Merchants’ oxchange, it is nevertheless a very elegant struc- ture, and adds very much to the architectural or- naments of New York. It stands nearly in the centre of the Park, an area of about seven acres, Situated in this spacious area, it is seen to advantage in all directions; but the best view of it is from the grand entrance opposite the Astor House. The main building is in the form of an o¥long square, two stories, with basement and attic, and two wings. The whole length of the edifice is 216 feet, and the depth 105 feet; the height is 65 feet, including the attic story. The south front and both wings are built of Massachusetts marble. The front on Chambers street is built of brown cut stone, and a ballustrade of marble is carried round the top of the building. A circle, of about twenty feet diameter, rises centrally from the ground floor, supported by twenty marble pillars of the Corinthian order; from thence springs the dome, overspanning and crowning the circle. On the dome is placed a colosal figure of justice, holding in her right hand the scales of etie and in her left the swerd, pointing to the ground. There are four entrances—one on the south front, one on Chambers street, and one in the base- ment of each of the wings. A flight of eleven steps of the same material as the building leads to the principal entranee, in front of which there are six- teen marble columns, of the Ionic order, supporting a peace overthe entrance. The entrance fronting Chambers street is also by a flight of eleven steps of the same material as that in front. — It will not be out of place here to remark, that in 1843, while taking down the great bell, the machinery gave way when it was within a few feet of the bottom, and the bell fell on the steps with a tremendous | crash, breaking them all more or less, so that at tniversily, city, society, and profession, had ite | present they present a very unsightly appearance. The foundation stone of the City Hall was laid on the 26th of September, 1803, during the Mayor- alty of Edward Liviegute, Esq., and finished in 1812, at an expense, exdlusive of the furniture, of half a million of dollars. OFFICES. In the first story there ure fourteen rooms, allotted tothe Mayor, the Clerk of the Common Vouncil, the Clerk of the Board of Assistants, the Couaty Clerk, and Clerk of the Supreme Court, the Sheriff, the Commissioner of Juries, the Corporation Li- brary, and the Keeper’s apartments, and one room tothe Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, in which is held the special term. In the second story are the chambers of the Board of Aldermen and Board ot Assistants, the Governor's room, the court room of the first branch of the Superior Court, the Superior Court Clerk’s office, aud the court room of the Common Pleas. In the base- ment of the east wing the Marine Court is held, and in the basement of the west wing the ollice of the Chief of Police is located. It has, withia the last month, undergone a very thorough cleaning, and bas been painted both inside and outside, and the roof newly coppered, at an expense of some $15,000. THE NEW CITY HALL. This building fronts on Chambers street, and is at present, and always was, an appendage to the building above described. It is a plain two story building, without any architectural decorations, and was formerly known as the old Alms House, in which the business of that department was transacted. The office of the Croton Water Board, with one or two other public offices, were also located in it. In 1848, after the judiciary was re- modelled, andthe number of courts increased, it wes found that there was not room in the City Hall for the additional courts, upon which a requi- sition was made on the Common Council to provide new court rooms, whereupon a sum of $20,000 er $25,000, was eporonriated at diffezon, umes daring that year to alter and fit up this building for the new courts, and for other offices. Those reprire aud alterations were completed in the latter end of the year 1848, or beginning of the year 1219, and the new courts, and several of the publie offices, were removed into the building, the ground story of which contains the folowing court rooms aod offiers:—The Supreme Conrt, Circuit, and Court of Oyer and Terminer, Special Term, together with the necessary chambers. In the west wing on the same story, the new branch of the Superior Court is also located. Three rooms are allotted to this court, one to hold the General Term, ancther the Special Term, and the third for chamber basi- ness. On the same floor, and in the same wing, is the Corporation Counsel jainber, the office of the Clerk of the Board of Education, and directly opposite the latter office is the Law Library. In this story are also located the offices of the Com- migieners of Repairs and Supplies, and Collector of Taxes. BASENENT STORY. In this story there are several rooms, which are allotted to the following officers: —The District and Gorporation Attorneys, Receiver of Taxes, Coron- er, City Ingpector, Tax Commissioner, and Com- missioners of Emigration. The ground story of the exstern wing is sppropriated to the United | States Cireuit and Dist.ict Courts, as stated ia a former article. THE ROTUNDA, This building is also owned by the city, and was formerly leased to the genervl government, and by them used as a Pest Office. In 1845, that de- tment having been removed to Nassau street, ee granted by the then Commen Council to an association of gentlemen, who turned it into a gal- lery of fine arts, to which eee it was appropri- ated until the removal of the Courts into the new | City Hall, when the corporation again took pos session of it, and converted it iato offices for the Croton Aqueduct end Alms Houee depariments. THE HALL OF RECORDS. | cated in thie bu | facades, with an entrance hall. ark why it is that men who call themselves edu- | eated—which ought to mean being at the head of ther age—bave got so far behind the time that they | @annot get their living with their pens? We have given @ hint to these out-at-the-sihow gentlemen. Latin and Greek are too slow for this age. Good Anglo-Saxon, with the modera languages, the | stewmbonte, railroads, and telegraphs, have made even poctry of very little consequence. We must make one illustrious exception, however, in the ease of Bayard Taylor, who is supposed to be the Rteatest poet inthe world. Of course we agree, in thie case, with all the world, and the rest of Mankind. Selah! Tue Feevenicnron, N. B. Fine.—The inew- | Fance companies at Martford, Conn., have not secertaived their losses by the New Bruns Fe pes frem their entire insurance menos lekton, it cannot be over $24,000, or ftch.—Bisicn Atlas, Now 15. Pedy et Affairs. Bream Proreiuen Owranio —This afternoon ‘b arrived at Dalitom Lake Ontario, descended the river Trees Syria ent iid nreeg te hee This building is situated on the east side of the Park, opposite to the City Hall square. It isan ob- long building of two stories. I: has two froats, one on Nassau street, the other on Chambers street, andis built of the eame materials as the south front of the City Hall, Across each front are four pllurs, of the Ionic order, supporting a portice over the entrances. The following office: io ing:—the Registrar's office, ffice of the Collector of the t Commissioner, and Comp- THE MALLS OF JUSTICE. This edifice occupies an entire block, and is bounded by Centre, Elm, Leonard, and Franklin streets, which wes formerly the corporetion yard, and is 253 feet 3 inches in length, by 200 feet 5 inches in breadth. It is built in the Egyptian style of architecture, with Hallowell granite; has four The princi front hae a distyle portico of four columns, with palm-leaved capitals. Above the capitals are equare one, upon which rests the architrave, orna- mented with a large winged globe, encircled by serpente. The architrave is surmounted by a cor. nice, enriched with reeded triglyphs and a banded torus, and which, being of the same height with that of the similarly embellished wings, for with them, one contiwaued line. The banded moulding of the cornice dese a form of a rol- ler on ail the external angles of the building. Both wings are pertoraied with five lofiy windows, ex- tending the height of two stories, and finished with dimimehed pilesters, which support @ cornice over each, compored of # bold scotia, enriched witha winged globe and serpents. The lateral fronts on Leonard and Franklin streets, have each projecting pylones ,or porches, with two columns. On the front in Leonard street, which adjoins the principal front, is the entrance to the keeper's office; the one on Franklin street is the entrance to the matron’s department. The other two corresponding perches next to Elm etreet, are 64 feet wide, with columns and entabia- tures corresponding with those of the principal front, but the caps and shafts of the columns are lees enriched; the recess in both those lateral fronts is six feet, andis lhted by fine windows corree- ponding in character with those of the principal ront, but ef lees proportions and enrichment, the scoti# being finished with reeded triglyphs only, insiead of winged globes and serpents; the approach to the windows is guarded against by a handsome railing in keeping with the architecture. The reer or fronton I:lm street having no win- dows, is relieved by seven narrow recesses in imi- tation of embrasures, and a railing in the eame style as thoee of the lateral fronts. A terrace sur- rounds the whole enclosure raised ten feet above the line of Centre street, from which is an ascent of eight steps of a truncated pyramidic form to the plat! of the portico, from which the ascent is twelve steps between the intercommunication of the rear columne (o the entrance hell; this hall is fifty feet equere and twenty-five feet high, support- ed by eight columns ranged between two rows with their an’@ placed on the opposite ya Jonnde of the temple of order taken any T co- jedynet above: ir capi- tale are crusmented with feaves end fowere of tke lotus, and the floors enriched and laid in mosaic of all that you have asserted, and I will take half our stock” —would Mr. A be authorized in to Court or k 10 lowe and the public that Mr. Capital, and on either side are the offices of New York, had taken balf the stock of his im- The police court, ovement, and that the whole thing was settled ? of the clerk of the court, peg jury room, | Netetall. The matter stands precisely where it &e. The inner prison, or house of de! » is distinct apd isolated building, 142 feet in length by 45 in breadth. It contains 148 cells, divided into four distinet classes, for prisoners. On the ground story is the kitchen, baths, wash houses, Xe. Theale are 6 feet 9 inches wide, 11 feet high, and 16 feetiong. The building is said to be fire proof, the ceiling aud floors being of arched ma- sonry. The site is formed of made ground, and every precaution being used to render the founda- tion secure by the introduction of iron ties, in- verted arches, and heavy timbering. The whole area was excavated several feet below the water level. Large timbers were placed together, and range timber at right angles with these, laid seve- ral feet wider than the walls. The building was commenced in the year 1836, and finished in the summer of 1838. THE OLD ARSENAL, This building, or rather yard, is owned by the city, and was formerly leased to the State, and used for an arena), but within a year or two a new areeral has been built on the Fifthavenue, between Siaty- first and Sixty-fifth streets; and the one now under consideration was given oe to the Corpora- lion, whe heve, it is waderstood, lately leased it to the Harlem Railroad Company for a depot. It is located between Centre, Elm, Franklin, and White streets, and covers un entire block; about the same space or area covered by the Ha'ls of Justice. The buildings are principally sheds, except the Com- missary-General’s Louse and the adjoining build- ing, which is used for aparmory. These buildings front on Franklin and Eim streets. The armory is divided into two stories; the ground story con- teins a large quantity of orduance, of different ca- libre, together with gun carriages, &e. In the upper story is a lage collection of small arms, of all deseriptions, very systematically and appropriately arranged. Ia this room is also kept mony of the trophies taken by the Americans in the revolution of 1776, the war of 1812, and in the late Mexican wer. Although the State govern- ment have surrendered the premises to the corpo- ration, a portion of the ordpance and small arms still remain in the old arsenal. On the north side of White street is another block, called Stanwix Hall, bounded by the same streets as the arsenal, and which was attuched to it, and used as a depot for harness, &e. A large bniek building stands on this block, fronting on Centre street, called the New York Dispensary. This biock, it is under. stood, the corporation have retained for city pur- poses. TUE BATTERY. This beautiful promenade is situated at the south- weet end of Manhattan Island, and at the junction of the North and Last rivers, and possesses attrac- tions unsurpassed, perhaps, by any similar place of resort in the world. I!tisin full view of the bay and surrounding scenery of Long Island, Staten Island, New Jersey, and the islands in the harbor. The Bettery exiends, somewhat in the formef a crescent, from the termi of Broadway, Green- wich, and Washington on the northwest, to Whitehall street ou the east, covering an area of neurly eleven acres, end laid out in grass plots and gravel walks, shaded with trees; the exterior frontingthe haibor, is built up of hewn stone; on the land side is a fl d walk, with stone posts connected by en open railing; an expensive iron railing, with gateways, encloses the whole. CASTLE GARDEN. Ona mole, connected with the Battery by a bridge, is situeted Castle Garden, originally erected for uforiification, and used for that purpose until 1823, when it was ceded by the United States to the Corporation of thi since when it hasbeen generally used es a place of amusement. Un ine top of the walls a wall, covered by an awning, has been constructed, from whence a tine view of the harbor andadjacent scenery is obtained. Within the walls itissaid thatfrom five toeight thousand people may be xecommodated. | The Nlearegua Canal—Operations In Len- dor—Critical State of the Canal Company's Chartes, [Por the Herald.) | The election in New York is over, and the result, for good or evil, is before the country. Men have now the time to think of general affairs, and to reflect upon the policy and interests of the republic, aside from the single subject of slavery. And we ttvst they will do so, and in earnest, for there are matters now pending of vital importance to our people, and which, since the commence- ment of the slavery agitation, have been too little regerded. DProminent among theee, is the subject of interoceanic communication, upen which much has been said in a discussive way, but which, after all, has been, aud is, very imperfectly ander- stood. We propose to take this subject up, and to digcues it, in all its bearings, in respect as well to ional policy as to our industry, commerce, and ery interests. And, in doing so, we shall epee! basen h entire freedom of foreign am! dors, 8, cabinet ministers, and chartered com- Pe core entering upon this diseussion, we propose to notice briefly certain recent occurrences, while they ere yet fresh in the public mind. It is not unknown that a delegation of gentlemen from the cempeny which has obtained the grant for con- structing a canal from the Atlantic te the Pacitic, throvgh the territories of Nicaragua, lately visited England, for the purpose of securing the co-ope- ration of Britieh capitalists. It should, however, be premised that this company had, up to that time, effected nothing at home beyond paying a bouus of $24,000 to Nicaragua, sending out a small steamer or two, to nly upon the river San Juan and Lake Nicaragua, and organizing @ corps of engi- neers, ostensibly for the purpose of making a pre- limineiy survey of the proposed canal, but actually to errange the opening of a new route of transit to Califorma—a speculation, which promixed, and etill promises to be successful, and which, se far as we can learn, has been the sole direct object of the ane, or to the accompiishinent ef which any bona fide efforts have been directed. These movemements, insignificant as they may ar, as respects the grand euterpriee itself, have edroitly represented to be the initiatives to its prosecution ; for the reason that the charter under which the company recures any rights whatever, bouna them to commence operations upon the cenel within the year which expired in September last. It was necessary, in order to secure the cberter from forfeiture, otherwise the exclusive right of navigating the waters of Nicaragua by steer would be lost, and without this no route of trensit could be opened. When, therefore, the delegation from the company, to which we have referred, visited England, we are justified in say- iny » Boiling relatin to the grand canal had been cted. No stock had been taken—no stock subscribed the members, books opened—not one cent of or peidin, beyond the pro rata tor the secondary putpese which we have specified. ‘The celegation took with them strong letters from Sir Henry Balwer, who had been the guest of one or more of the members of the company, and who it is currently reported, had had it made to his in- terest, present and prospective, to make his letters aveilable in terms. This may be scandal, but ua- fortunately Sir Hepry’s continental career affords us no reasen for supposing «uch a thing impossible; on the contrary they render it extremely probable, end eminently in keeping with the charac‘er which he acquired in Spain, and which he is fast aequir- ing here, to the eminent discredit of his govern- ment. The advent of the delegation in England pro- duced no remerk, beyond some sneers from papers in the interest of an — company, which has procured o precisely similar grant over precisely the same ground, from the State of Costa Rica—a State, by the way, which has not a shadow of right to meke any euch grant, and which might, with equal propriety, aseume to make granis in New England. The delegation remained in London for two or three months, and upon its departure for home, it wes announced in the Times that it had efiected on eminently satiefactory arrangement with British capitalic ©, by which the latte reed, under certain conditions, to subscribe half the cepital procueasy to the enterprise. The inference left, and probably designed to be left, upon the pub- lic mind, from this announcement, was that the whole affair had been definitely arranged, and that this long-tatked of, and really magnificent project, was now to be commenced aod carried into execu- tion. If euch were the fect, none would rejoice more than ourselves; but we conceive that ception in this matter is blameable. It ie not one to be trifled with; and it is one in which the public bave a right to demand that there shall be no artifice. e canal is a necessity to the com- merece of the world—indiepensible to our in- terceurse with our Pacific shores, and to our commercial predominance in that ocean. truth ia, the delegation to which we have referred accompliehed nothing. Should A come to Mr. Capital, end represent to him@that an improvement, arailroed or cenal, may be constructed with euch and such grand advantages to the and by means of which a permanent profit can be secured than oy aay similar 5 in the country or the wi 'r. Capi- bt “* Very well, Mr. A; I have money, interest is low, 1 want to invest it; now prove to me tet yout, projest will give the results which you represent, me that you bavea ard cherter, present ime an nceurate from competent engineere—in short, substantiate stood before Mr. A visited New York. If the cherter is not clear and valid, nothing is accom- plished. If the survey is not all that Mr. A represented, Mr. Capital won't advance a cent, and — though A may humbug his neighbors for awhile, yet the shoveso ars, that his project will fall through in the end, he will receive the public contempt as an imposter. The Nicaragua Canal Company have done just what we have sup- fed Ato have done, and nothing more! Bar- ings, and the Lord knows who, have agreed to do 80, and so, and so, if, and if, and if! ‘ow, how stands the contract of the Nicaragua Cenal Company? Ts it valid? And if valid, is it available? If these questions cannot be answered in the affirmative, the whole thing is done for, and it is usele#s to talk more about it. We do not sup- pose it will take long to answer these questions, tor the fects in the case lie in a nut shell. The public have been made acquainted with the provisions of the charter; they are certainly very favorable— more favorable than those of any charter ever be fore granted for the same objects, Indeed, itis @ matter of surprise to those who know no- thing of the circumstances under which it was obtained, that N ua should have made s0 liberal concessions; and such, even, would arrive at the conclusion that there were power- ful considerations which influenced her ia the matter. We know well what these considerations were; and we know also that the grant was a conditional one; that those conditions have not been complied with, and that until they are, it is optioval with Nicaragua to continue or to revoke the charter. Itis, in fact, already forfeited, and recent juformation from Nicaragua leads us to be- lieve that its forfeiture will be officially declared, upless matters in Washington speedily assume a widely diferent aspeet from what they now wear. Avd much as we should regret such a course, yet e forced to admit that Nicaragua would be ju din pursuing it~an opinion in which the public will perfectly coincide, when the matter is presented to them. It is not to be supposed that the company under notice started with any real design of constructing the proposed canal; that, indeed, any such thing as a company exisied, when the charter was grant- ed. The whole affair was an experiment, in which a few Jawyers in Wall street were the principal movers, their original purpose being to obtain a charter, and afterwards dispose of 1: at any good price. It is true they obtained a kind of quasi- potrorege from one or two capitalists, who, how- ever, took good care pot to commit themselves until they saw that there was a prospect of effect- ing something. By an effort, a few huadred dol- lars were raised, and an agent sent out to Nica- ragua, namely, one of the lawyers aforesaid He arrived in March or April, 1849, but, up to July following, succeeded in effecting nothing, and would have effected nothing, had it not been for the intervention of the United States government. “* When it is known,” says a writer in the last num- her of the American Review, “that not less than fourteen or fifteen contracts had inion 4 been entered into for the same work, all of which have been forfeited for non-compliance with their conditions, it can readily be understood that the Nicaragnen government would not entertain an’ new propositions, except under circumstances cal- culated to inspire confidence im the parties apply- ing, and under strong collateral assurances of their gocd faith end ability. It was not, therefore, until an American Minister was sent to Central Ameri- ce, mvested with plenary powers to treat, on behalf of the United States, with the several republics of Central America, Nicaragua included, und spe- cially authorized to extend the guarantees of his government to any charter of a proper character, which any company of American citizens might secure, for the construction of the proposed work, it was not until then that the government of Nica- regua felt justified in re-opening the matter. Un- der these circumstances, however, it granted a chancery more liberal than any before conceded, and whie he one under notice.” This ist ofthe case by one evidently friendly to the objects of the company. The Nica- Tag ui government granted the charter under the sole condition that the United States should not only marantee the proposed work, but the rights of Qicaragea over the country through which it was provided it should pass, viz:—trem the port of San Juen on the Atlantic, to the port ot Realejo on the Pacific. [t was, in fact, negotiated parallel with, and made dependent on, the treaty between the United States and Nicaragua. In making its concessions, the government of Nicar: was in- fluenced entirely by the support which it expected to derive from the recognition by the United States of its territorial nghts and its independeace. was because they bed before them the instructions of the government of the United States to its minis ter, authorizing him to extend these guarantees, thet they were induced to treat with the agent to which we have referred, and who, up to that time, had accomplished nothing. They were assured by the American Secretary of State, as may be seen by Mr. Clayton’s despatches to Mr. Squier, that the Unnted States was ready to enter into treaty etipu- ations with Nicaragua to ‘defend and protect” the proposed undertaking. The contract and the treety Went together; they were parts respectively of the same general egreement; and they reached the United States by tne same special bearer of deepatches. Unless, therefore, the treaty ne- gotiated by Mr. Squier is ratified, the contract is rendered null, aod is not worth the paper it is written on. The two are inseparable ; if one fails, both fall. The Bulwer and Clayton treaty has nothing to do with the question; neither Mr. Bulwer nor Mr. Clayton had the power to bind Nicaragua one way or the other. The government of that republic will say to the company, if indeed an official decree to that effect has not already been promulgated, “Gentiemen, we granted you a liberal charter, under the assurance that your ae ae would ratify the treaty negotiated by ite fully authorized minister; thie, as you know, was the condition of the agreement between us; your government has played us false ; the terms of the egreement are broken, and your contract falls; we no longer regard it as binding upon us.” For our own part, we earnestly desire to have the agreement with Nicaragua cerried out in good faith—we sre anxious that our government shall act honorably in the matter, and that the charter may be saved. In this way only do we believe that British encroachments ia Central America cen be checked, and sound American policy vio- dicated. Everything depends upon the action of the Senate. If the treaty now before it is ratified, ellis well; if not, the whole eanal business falls through, so far as the present company is concerned, lf Nicaragua takes the course which we have indicated, as she probably will, (for the feeling of indignation there is very strong,) what redress is there for the company? None! Had Mr Sqaier’s treaty been ratified, as it should have been, the eontract would have been secured against “ any ect of forfeiture or violence, from whatsoever quar- ter the same may proceed,” for such are the terms ef the treaty. Nicaragua would then have been bound to comply faithfully with all of her stipala- i As it is, she unde relieved from every ob- igation. There are other considerations connected with this subject, which we shall proceed to take up ia detail, and as rapidly as circumstances will permit. Nicaraova, The Dominican Republic. TREATY OF PEACK, AMITY, COMMERCE, AND NAVI@A~ TION, BETWEEN HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY AND THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. oe eee THE MOST HOLY TRINITY. Her Mejesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the President of the Dominican republic, being desirous to conse- crate the formal recognition of the independence of the seme, and to conclude a treaty of peace and friendship, and to regulate thereby the commer- ciel intercouree between the domiaions aod rub- jects of her Majeny, and the territories and citi- zene of the Kepublic, they have for this purpose nemed_as their respective Plenipotentiaties, that is to say:— Her Majesty the Gass of the United Kiagdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk, Doctor of Philoso; Royal Pruseien Order of the Royal Saxon Order of Merit; of the Legion of Ho- nor of the French republic; Tier Consul to the Do- minican republic— And the President of the Dominican republic, Senor José Maria Medrano, Minister Secretary of State for the departments of police and the Intenor, and charged with thore of Justice, Publie Instruc- tion, anoForeign Aflaire— Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers found in good and dae form, have agreed upon and concluded the follow- ing articl:e:— Art. 1. There shell be perpetual peace and friend- ship between her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, her heirs and successors, and the Dominic i between their reepective subjects Art. 2. There shall be reciprocal freedom of commerce between the British dominions and the Dominican republic. The subjects of her Britan- nie Majesty may reside in trade to any part of the territories of the republic, towhich any other pay are or —_ [| alt shall enjoy fo ection for their persons proper- ties, Thep shall be allowed to buy from and sell to whom they like without being restrained or af- fected by any monopoly, contract, or exclusive pri- vilege of sale or purchase whatever, and they shall moreover enjoy all other rights and privileges which are or A be granted to any other fureign- Ss of the most favored nation. citizens of the Dominican republic in return, enjoy similar and the dominions of Her Ve levied ‘nthe y, Knight of the ed Engle; of the of einer, duties oF Domimean repudiie on British vessels, or on goods imported or export- | pun’ ed in British vessels, beyond what are or may be levied om national vessels, or on the like goods im- ported or exported in national veseels, to and from the open porte ; in like manner, no tonnage. import, or other harges shall be levied Ty the itish dominions on versels of the or on goods imported or exported in those vessel: beyond what are or msy be levied on nation veesels, or on the like goods imported or exported in national vessels to or from the ports open to commerce, without prejudice whatever to. the coasting trade, which remains exelusively reserved to nanonal vessels of each of the the two eon- tracting parties. Art 4 Merchandise or goods coming from the British dominions in any veesels, or imported in British vessels from any country, shall not bepro- hibited by the Dominican republic, nor be subject to higher duties than are levied on the same kinds of merchandise er goods coming from any other foreign country, or imported in any other vessels. All articles, the produce of the republic, may be exported therefrom by British subjects and British versels, on as favorable terms as by the subjects or citizens and vessels of any other foreiga country. Art. 5. The protection of the government of the republic shall be aflorded to all Briush vessels, their officers and crews. If any such vessels should be wrecked on the coast of the republic, the local authorities shall succor thew, end ehall secure them from plunder, and shall cuase all ar- ticles saved from the wreck to be restored to their lawful owners. The amount of salvage dues in such cases shall be regulated, in case of dispute, by arbitrators chosen by both parties. Art 6 It being the intention of tne two contract- ing parties to bind themselves by the present treaty, to treat each other on the footing of the most favored nation, it is hereby agreed between them, that any favor, privilege, or immunity whatever, in matters of commerce and navigation, which either contracting party has actually granted, er may hereafier grant, tothe subjects or citizens of any other State, shall be extended to the subjects or citizens of the other contracting Party, gratuitously, if the concession in favor of that other State shall have been gratuitous, or in return for a compensa- tion as nearly as possible of proportionate value and efiect, to be adjusted by mutual agreement if the concession shall have been conditional. Art. 7. Each contacting party may appoint Con- suls for the protection of the trade, to the domi- nions or territories of the other; but no such Con- sul shall eater upon the exercise of his faactions vatil he shall have been admitted and approved, in the usual form, by the government of the coun- ty, to which he is sent. ‘he diplomatic agents, and Consuls of each of he two contracting parties residing within the dominions or territories of the other, shall enjoy the same nghts, immunities, priviletes and exem)- tions which are or may be granted to the diptoma- tic agents or Consuls of equal rank, of the most favored nation. Art.& The subjects of her Britannic Majes- ty residing in the Dominican republic shall not be disturbed, persecuted, or annoyed account of their religion, but they shail have perfect libecty of conscience therein, end exercise their creed either within their own private houses, or ia their own particular chapels. Liberty shall also be granted to them to bury in burial places which, in the same manner, they may freely establish and maiatain, such subjects of Her Britannic Majesty who may die in the territories of the said republic. In like menuer, the citizens of the Domimean republic shall enjoy, within all the dominions of Her Bri- tennic Majesty, a perfect and unrestrained liberty of conscience, und shall be allowed to exercise their religion publicly or privately, within their own dwelling houses, or in the chapels and places of worshi yy for that purpose. Art. 9. Slavery being perpetually abolished in the Dominican republic, and having been already declared by her an act of piracy punishable with the pain of death, the Dominican republic engages to permit any British vessel of war, which may be furnished with special instructions under the trea- ues between Great Britain and foreign powers, and with the formalities as are provided fer in such cases by the s treaties relative to the prevention of the infamous slave trade, to visit any vessels sailing under the Dominican flag, which may, on reasonable grounds, be suspected of being engaged in this vile trade in slaves ; it being andecsood that the distances and places between which the right of visit shall be exercised as moreover expressed in the treaties with other ,»owers, for Cuba and Porto Rico, shall likewise refer to the same distance of creme leagues from the coasts of the Dominican republic; and if, by the result of the visit, it should uppear to the officer in command of such British vessel of war that the suapicions which led thereto are well grounded, the veseel shall be sent, with- out delay, to the port of Santo Domi, in the Do- aT = pa sn | shail be vine po up vol jocal authorities, to Foor jainst acco) to the laws of the republic. - me It 1s understood that the present article shall not be extended to other cases, which might occasion detentions and inconveniences to the Dominican vessels their voyeges and commercial eater- prises, during which, on the contrary, they are authorized to expect protection and assistance; hence, if the case should arise, which, however, i@ not to be supposed, that the Dotminican republic should consider to receive by this concession any ous molestation, it rests with her to with- it, after having given a year previous due ne- lice thereof. Art. 10. In order that the two contracting parties may have the opportunity of hereafter tre. and agreeing upon such other arrangement as mej tend stil further to the improvement of their mutual in- tercourse, and to the advancement of the interests of their respective subjects and citizens, itis agreed that the present treaty ehall remain in force aad vigor for the term of ‘en years from the date of the eachenge of the ratifications, and either of the con- acting parties shall have the right of giving to the other party notice of its intention to termiuate at the expiration of the said ten years the stipula- ons relating to commere nl gation, which shall cease to be binding after ten ye: and all those that relate to peace and amity shall remaia obligatory to both autions. ‘ Art. IL. The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Santo Lo- mingo within the of eight months, to be ac- counted from the date of this treaty, or sooner, if such be possible in witness whereof, the respective plenipoten- tiwries have signed the same, and affixed therete the reals of their arms. __ Done at Santo Domingo, the sixth day of March, in the a of our Lord eighteen hundred and fifty. (L. 3 Ronarr H Scnomperox. (L. 8. Josg Mania Mepxano. ADDITIONAL ARTICLES As the circumstances of the existi the Taytie: tion mighe oblige the war with miaicag republic to recur to extraordinary measures, 1t is specially understood and d between the two te of her Bri- tannic Majesty shail not be restraiwed er affected - any mono) , contract or exclusive privilege purchese or and a8 her disposition is con- t to attract protect commerce, it doves not enter in her views to adopt any measures of limit- ing it, except in the case that the existing war should continue. The present additional article shall have the — p —- and — as if it oy — ‘ord for wor in the treaty signed this shall be ratified at the same time And in conse: quence of the exception it contains, it is equally understood that the eauction of disn tion of zee is specially reserved to Her Britannic jn jeet In testimony whereof the undersigned have, ia virtue of their fall powers, sigued and sealed the present article. Done at Santo Domingo, the sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and fifty. (L.8 Rorgae H. Schomevren. , (L.8) —Joew Maria Meprano. Ratified in the city of St Domiwgo, Sepeember }, ISCO Buenavewrora . Da. Jose Manta Came: 10. The Siave Trade of Eraztl. Law NO BSI, oF True 41H oF SerrxmueR, 1950, PROMULGATED FO! REPRESSION OF THE SLAVE TRADE IN THIS EMPIRE We, Don Pedro, by the will of God constitutional emperor and perpetual defender of Brazil, make known to our subjects that we have decreted in eneral assembly, and that we promulgate, the ollowing law :— Art 1. The Brazilien ships, barks, &e., found every where, and the foreign comu a our ports or anchored in the pessessions of Braztl, having slaves on board, the importation of whom is pro- hibited by the law of the 7/h of November, 1531, or baving landed them, will be seized by the au- thorities, er by the Brazilian ships of war, aud coneidered a8 sleve importers Those which have no slaves on board, or which have lately landed them, if they have the materials of slave trader will be aleo seized, and considered as maapected of being “pare in that@ommerce. An. 2. The inperial oe will fix all the fignes which constitute the legal presurnption of the ve Te engaged in the oy trade. Art. 3. The proprietor, captain, mate, pilot, or second mate of the ship, bark, &o., ‘wit be con- sidered as authors of the crime of importation of slaves, or of ae. The crew and thove who will eid in the landing of slaves om the Brazilian territory, those who will coeur in deceiving the aathoritie®, or Who will protect them against pur. suite, will be accomplices. Art. 4. An importation of slaves into the im- peryal territory will be considered an act of piracy, ‘and wil! be punished by the tribunals according to the second article of the law of November th, 1881, An attempt to be an accomplice will be to the two articles 34 and 35 toe Spe ships, & 3 1p ¢., spoken let and 2d article: iad ae Cthers wumpered ey hi sold, with all the found product of the sale will ven capturers, except a quarter, which will be awarded to the informer. The government will receive also the sum of $40 for each African slave seized, and this sum will be used according to the laws on this matter. Art. 6. All the slaves captured will be atthe expense of the State, to oe pee they sailed, or to any other port out of the Empire, which will appear more convenieat to the govera- ment. The slaves will be, before their re-exporta-- tion, under the care of the goverament; and under ne circumstance whatever will they be used for service. Art. 7. No pagsports will be delivered to any’ merch@nt vessels destined to African ports, if the owners or captains have not made an e: meat not to receive any slave on board, and if they have not de; ited a sum equal to the value of the ahip ad of the cargo, or given a good guarantee for em. Art. 8, All the captains of ships, barks, &c., im the circumstances spoken of in the articles first gd secoed, el esas high seas as on the coasts and ports, wi cated and j @ maritime tribunal, and Sate bya otged State. The government will regulate the manner and of judgment in the first and second ij will have the power to nominate the most convenient to the maritime auditors, who will fill: also the functions of judges Art. 9. The maritime auditors will also be com- petent to prosecute and adjudge all the matters mentioned in the third auricle. Their decisions will have the same value as those of all the other adjudicators. Those included in the third article of the law of 7th of November, 1831, will continue. to be judged by the commoa uibunals, Art. 10. All laws contrary to the present ordi+ nance are repealed. All the authorities are charged with the exe- cution of the present law, which will be published and promulgated by our Secretary of Justice, Given in our palace of Kio Janeiro, the 4th of September, 1850, and the 2%h year of indepen-* dence end empire. D. Pepro, Emperor of Brazit. AnrTom1o ALVAKES pe MImanpna VARBIA0s Secretary of State. Census Returus for 1850. New Yorx.—The nmurshut has furnished the opulation of foe Aoeatien, ws determined by the Tecent census. e compare the present returns- with thoee of 1840:-— . 1810. 1850. Chenango. 40,313. Hamilton 2,183 Madison 53,081 Orleans... + 24,992 28,464 In Chenango county there has been a decre: of 466 in ten years. Each of the other counties ae towns show ai increase during the same pe- riod. Scnenectany County.—The following, ia the Schenectady Cabinet, shows a large increase in the population of that county: 1845. 1850. First Ward. 1,318 1,512 Second “ 2 1,791 Third “ 1s 1,906 Fourth “ 3,713 Total Cit 8,922 Duanesburgh 3,166, ‘etown 1,030 ayuna 783 Glenville 984 3,409 Rotterdam 2 2,446 Total county..........16,630 20,056 16,630 Increase........ ss csecccsescses 8,426 Nis@ara County, N. Y.—The following is the census returns for Niagara county: Lockport.....12318 oat aia + 3,006 773 233 1,285 879 1,793 805, 1,468, AS3 2.540 334 2.303 352 2.344 oh 2.7% 461 2.087 11s 2.674 355, 2.224 152 Total.....42,322 24,550 7,771 This gives an increase in the county, since 1845, of 7,771. The increase ot the productions of agri- eulture, and of the products of industry, appear fully equal to the increase +f population. Newnern, N. C—The census taker for this county has furnished the returns for Newbern complete. A comparison of the present with the census of 1840, i lows:— 1350, Ine. 2165 451 762 But 1,921 898, Total... 3,625 488 1,238 New Jensey.—The population of Ocean town- ship, Monmouth county, i 3,767, and one slave; py | 642; families, 679; vaiue of real estate, ry ST Renedcy yvvaiity, isn 3,180 inhabitants, 2 slaves, 538 dwellings, families; value of real estate, $1,717,425. ited Beak has 817 inhabitants, 1,460 dwellings, Aulantic township has 1,493 iohabitants, 5 sla 208 declines, 261" fernilics; value of teal extetes Moroan County, Omo.—The total lation of this county, the late ceawns, an ave- rage of 33 per cent over the last nelsville hae 1,600, Bartmone, Mv.—Seventh ward—Namber of dwellings, 1,263; number of families, 1,333; whole number of inhabitants, white and colored, 7,005 ; whole number that have died within the past year, 140. Eighth ward—Number of dwelli 1,375; nam- ber i tamien «00 eons eee eerie white and colored, 8,875; whole aumber that have died within the past year, 157 In the two wards, there are 135 slaves. Campriner, Mass —The Uni'ed States of Cambndge’ ia 1,98, or 655 nore than that by a Some, Taxes The statistics of county, Te: jiected Deputy Marshal S.A, Moore, Esq. —-Wate porate 2,609; slaves, 1,240, deaf aud dumb, 1; lind, 25 lunatics, 3; twin children, 22; idiots, 2; one female slave 110 years old. ae Haven, Conx.—The Assistant Marshal us with the following result of the census of this town. The twuerease has exceeded our anticipations, and places us far in advance of any other town in the Site. Wheoa the New London and other railroads are completed, our progress will be etili more rapid. The result puts & veto on the old story that the business of Hart- ford is greater than our own Number of inbabitants in ine Towa Do. Do. 2 se Ouy. im mark ; lin ; Number of colored person Mulatoes, 164; Indians, 3 Total ion in Do. in Fai , do. De. in Westville, do. Increase in the town in ten years...... Ricumonn, Va.—The following tive census of this eity:— 8,130 is the compara- Total......1,001 16,000 20,158 90,280 goreing te ae ia wanes ee First vvicipality . Second Municipsiity Third Municipality. Total ef city proper. s it increase in pop ‘econ d municipality, which, according to the cen- sus of 1840, hed only 21,023 inhabitants. Piumstean, P'a.—Population:— Male 48,000 Increase in ten years... 60 children under,1 year of the year; 566 children attented school during the year; 28 persona over 20 years of age who cannot read or write; 15 persons over years of 5 of them over 98; the oldest person is a ‘malo, #8 year of age; 1 blind.