The New York Herald Newspaper, September 9, 1850, Page 6

Our Texan Correspondence, Aust, Texas, Aug. 16, 1850. ‘The Texan Bowndary Question in Texas—The Spirit of the People, §c., &e. A laudable desire to see the youngest sister of our confederacy represented in the columns of the most libere! Northern journal, prompts this com- munication. The events which are now transpit- ing at the capital of the “Lone Star State,” can- not fail of exciting attention, a8 they must power- fully influence the settlement of the great question now before Congress, and hasten a crisis in the destiny of our republic. | The banner of resistance to federal oppression is even now being unfurled, and who can predict the Yesults that will ensue, if an army goes forth to battle under its folds. When the call to arms @hall have gone forth from Texas, and the appeal for aid be made to her sister States, who can then still the tempest with the cry of * Peace, peace, when there’s no peace!” But is there not yet time to arrest this calamity ? We hope so, but fear net. The strongest motives, the most pressing ne- cessity, have hitherto failed to unite the South, and ashy enable her to enforce the settlement | | | | | of the great question—equality or submission. Judging from the experience of the past, can we expect that she will now improve the few remain- | ing Mements - But to the fa The 12th inst., in pursuance | ofthe Governor's call, the Legislature of Texas | met in extraordinary session. The message was received on the 13th—it is short, decided in tone, \r | —" Our Conneeticut Correspondence. Muipp.erown, (Conn.) August 22, 1850. Description of Middletcwn— Valley of the Connec+ ticwt—Manufactories—Ivory Combs, and Im- portation of Ivory—Plane Factory— Beautiful Scenery and Residences—Rev. Dr. Jarvis’s Lib- rary and Paintings—Mansion House Air Line Rail Road Free Stone Quarries at Portland, Since attending commencement at New Haven, | Ihave been spending a few days at this pleasant city, and find many objects of interests here, and in the vin stranger. cinity, to engage the attention of a There have been a goodly number of New Yorkers here this season, passing a few weeks during the summer months; and truly it would be quiet resort difficult to find a more agreeable and than this, among the numerous towns in the beautiful valley of Connecticut River. | Middletown is handsomely located on the west | bank of the river, the ascent being gradual to the elevated hills in the rear, on which the Wesleyan | College and some of the residences of the most | wealthy citizens are situated, commanding a fine view of the river and the surrounding country. Passing over these hills on the west, we enter upon another beautiful valley, through which flows a ‘unning into mill stream, called the Arrowmamet, the Connecticut in a northeastern direction, and dividing the city from the northern and western part of the town, not included in the limits, ‘he Arrowmamet, although asmall stream, is ioenge but one subject, and recommends imme- | remarkabie for the excellence of the water power iate, decisive, vigorous action. Oar Governor | which it aflor and for the number of important understands the spirit and temper of the people | manufactories on its banks, which are.moved by whom he represents, and is a personification of the best traits of Texen character—firmness, inde- | pendence, anddecision. So much for the message; now for the action to be taken on it. There is doubtless a decided msjority in the House in favor nators are willing to misrepresent their constituents by pursuing a termporising policy; that same pelicy | work for the United States) ; Starr’ which has done all the mischief. Thus it isin their power to clog legislation, and place Texas in the atutude of a ** kingdom divided against itself,” | its waters. Commencing at the town of Durham, where it rises, | will enumerate these establish- ments in suceession, viz.: grist mill ; Button manufactory ; saw mill; bone grinding mill; w turning mill; cotton factory; pistol factory, (at of action; but a strong minority of grave old Se- | work for the United States); gunpowder mill; paper mill; North’s carbine and gun factory, (at un factory ; rist mill; Buckland, Stearns & Co.’s ivory comb actory ; and Buldwin’s plane factory. Iwas much pleased with a visit to the ivory i * Stat imity | comb manufactory of Messrs. Buckland, Stearns while everywhere over the State entire unanimity & 00, shone pon heed to; witcha anaes | Prager manifested (0 maintain their rights at all hazards. agement of Mr. Buckland and tiorace Clark, Esq., late Mayor of Middletown. The machinery by which these coms are made is very curious and exists among the people, and a firm resolve i Look at the evidences of this truth; see the rapid orgenizetion of inute men” now going on all | over the State, of patriotic citizen soldiers, who | only await the word of commund, to march in de- fence of their rights. These “temporisers” want to know where money is to be found to pay our troops? Sirs, we sre not to be hired; we are the same Texans who have ever responded to our | country’s call in ber hour of need. worthy of particular notice. The teeth of the combs are formed by the operation of small circu- lar saws of the nicest construction, and other parts of the werk of making and finishing the combs is performed by equally nice and delicate machinery. he principal portion of the operatives are females. ‘They manufacture here from one hun dred and ‘Then let our mis-representatives persist in their | fifty'to one hundred and sevegty-five dozen ivory course, and Ill warrant them such a reception on | their return, as their craven acts deserve. To de- feat they wall add ignomiag, And they will be de- feated; decisive action will no doubt be taken, for there are true men enough to do it. tifying to us for the journals of our Legislature to show « broken front in our ranks, in such a cause. The subject is yet before the committee, and several days will elapse before the debates com- mence. he attendance of members is very full, few being absent. The city is crowded, and the weather intensely warm. Indian depredations are ven ery J stale news; searcely a day now passes without loss of life or property, near San Antonio, head-quarters of the protecting ermy. By the way, the San Antonio tends removing to Au Should anything of interest transpire soon, you may again hear from Tesano. LivERPoor, Brazoria County, Texas, August 21, 1850, Cotton, Sugar, and Molasses,in Texas—Interesting | Particulars—A Chance for Northern Merchants. As authentic information is ever acceptable to the Herald, | forward you data which I have col- lected during my travels through this State. The crop of cotton and core is promising; and, as much | new lund is being constantly opened, and new ew tates geing into operation, as well as others in- | reusing their force and size of the plantations, we | May anticipate annually increasing quantities of these staples 1: is true,several are abandoning cottoa for sugar, | which isa surer, and far more profitable crop; but | this does not decrease the production of cotton, as Magy persons, with numbers of hands, are daily Setthng here end opening new places. Those per- Sons are wenerally from the old States, (Louisiana excepted.) The people from that State generally are connected with sugar. They go to Matagorda county and Brazoria county—the latter producin, three-fourths of the sugar made in Texas. But Will state where the sugar estates are situated: there are three or four on the Guadaloape ; these t river into atagorda saine number are onthe fe on these estates finds & god inland merket for home cousumption. There afe seven or eight on Coney Creek—they pass by Mategorda with « nd lors. expensive land carriage, and at Aru uour Cort Some of them have mueh et, in their pur es aod large quantities of | #, the letter scorcely aver sufficient to defray expenses fromeuch an out of the way place, On such shocking bed roads I must be understoo , us the lower part estates, together Ifix The next ea not to meen all of Cx is betier situated; t with their owners, tates are in Br the Bernard, or Bear enough to « nce to the river | by Febroery v ken in vessels of light draugh he majority of th estates, how he Urazos, and on Oys- ter Creek. Thos s ship at any time duriog the lar hooaets, briga, or steat anand an early market. There is a bure’t with #h of this river, covered Now water; bat Le A vessels of seven ver With safety og the time of year garandother staples are being shipped, ie some tlk of a company starting a me chenical car h r don the Neva in , convey ships about one hund- f their an- Europe will eet water, is not more tine ina few a bar is bu this is easily 4 sold thei¢ 4 many woald, i a upty barrels to pars worth $175 to $2 eht ¢ quality to the best made year's crop Was abou syrup, 800,000 gal- the coming crop ar, aad one, at Wem cofety ew 1s of molaseea. quantity of molasses ) with the sugar. As so Tich for cane, be- come wor more sugar and le-* molas ' © 18, some ef the plaat- ers are ¢ vert their molasses into sugar rhonse molasses. This is aa importance improvement of » | ght steam mills, and other here are seven or machinery, ng comag Crop. One of th e United States +o 10 a the Brae ROe—it will be teg by October, At Ve- lasco, et the i ‘ ame river, is also a large beef curing ests h t, nearly completed. [te apparatus t« very costly. It is an improvement uy Dr. Lerdner's vacuum process, and it is anti- ted they wiil cure one handred beeves daily. No State woulr if all the plank- active operati down on pape be better intersected than this, ‘ade, ratlwaye and canais were ia which their projectors have laid but the capital is wanting to build them. As regards climate and soil, past years have proved the former to suit sugat-cultare to aT. Astothe litter, analysis proves it to be equal to the Delta of the Nile Although the plentere here have more expenses in shipping their crops, aad are little fartherfeom the market then the Louisianmne, nevertheless, they are enabled to cope with them, as the amonet of Capital reqnired to start a suger plantation here is not half whet it requiresin Louisiana. The Texas i can produce more to the acre and to the and. The feeding of his negrota does not cost baif as much, and his team is procared and maia- tained at one third the expense Prevumatiovs. Asti-Rest Meerivo —A mase meeting of the autt- Fenters was held at West Sandiake, N Y., ow ath ult, for the parpere of rast cn gale euit, ant for 4 money te defend the Spon the time for inate candidate. State eon Reynolds, in s Tetiee resed his hy with the an! nelosed PR ae donation The whole the’ day xed apom for holding. ths at Albany, wae State convention. ing @ convention to nom! Officers, Hon Gid Wa-hington. +: | | | | combs per ivory per month. c | compete with the English article, and besides sup- plying our to France. in the Uni ber,) are located in day, and use over a thousand pounds of These combs now successfully own markets, the American manufactu- Still it is mor- | rers of combs oo to South America, the West Indies, Mexico, Canada, some have been sent All the manufactories of ivory combs ited States, (»bout half a dozen in num- iddlesex and New Haven counties, Connecticut. The best elephant’s tusk: combs are made, are imported from Asia. tity of about 4,! aden ge from which ivory A quan- lbs. was showa me, which was in Salem, Mass., being imported from alcutia to that place. The market price is now about $150 per lb, and the article is growing rs have so freely censured the officers, for snf- | scarce. The length of these tusks is frequently Ting the late outrage ut Fredericksburg, that Gen. | from seven to nine feet, and the average weight reste hus taken ofience, and it is reported, in- | from severty to eighty pounds. The largest, ever used at the manufactory referred to, weighed about | one hundred and thirty pounds. The plane factory is owned and conducted by Austin Idwin, Hsq., formerly of your city, but | for several years past one of the most active and | enterprising citizens of Middletown. Notwith- atancing. e establishment of planing machines moved water or steam power, I am informed that the demand for planes used by joiners, cabi- net- and profita! ers and others, and this establishmen ontinues ed, Mr. Baldwin does a large ble busin Besides the manufactories mentioned, there are in Middletown several establishments, located on pen vee | the Pacheco river, anether branch of the cut, which | may here remark, that the scenery around the cit, and along the valieys of the sti very beautiful, and the farm: the most charming driv versified scenery. On one of the most rominent eminences west of the city, ground has en recently purchased for a rural cemetery, which is now being laid out with par tic and di be Dr. Stone, I had not an opportunity to visit. 8 referred to, at taste, by (the same gentleman who laid out the grounds for the Cypress Hills Cemetery.) From Uhis hall is one of the most extensive and interest- ing isa fi e libr Pp Samuel F. paintings, purchased by him in Europe, prospects to be found in this part of the Con- necticut valley. There are many occupied by the wealthy citizens of this city, ticularly those on the elevated table land, w ens part of the place. verlooking the city, as before menti bedutiful residences, owned and of From these resi- ed. yof the vailey of the river; and ure greunds, and gardens gea- puch taste and elegance. The soci- 1 kaown to be excellent, rendering desirable as a residence for families for those retiring on moderate for- is a want of a public library, but this mewhat supplied by some excellent aries, particularly that of the Kev. Dr. Jarvis. His library is most extensive od is particularly rich in works o Dr. Jarvis is fine v alco a most valaable collection of dariag his Visit there some years since. This gallery of paint- ings contains some works of great ranty, and is well worth of the fine in the rear nver and extends 10 # visit to Middletowa, by any admirer arts. vieiting this place will find at the Man- K. Hodgett, excel- From the piazaa of the how re iva fine view of the opposite shores. The branch railroad imlee, from Middletowa to the New Haven and ilartford railroad, at Berlin, making rather a ¢ tween the about an hi Middletow With regard to minch talke stray seems to be by into etleet Ube Hart? of other frie ds of star beta neetc obtai quarries, on ut river, in the town of Por pircuitous route of thirty-six miles be- two cities, but the time occupied is only our acd a half betweea New Haven and a. “Air Line Railroad,” d of, which was to pass through @ cross Connecticut river, in its se from New Haven to fF » there little prospect of b very soon, ifat all. 1 a folks to the through 11 to have discoura route; and new influences 1 develope thenvelves bet wees vival of thy ct, under tavorable pr It is doubtless the most direct een) rk and Boston. friend here, I have he celebrated free ewy a culars respecting them, ie ned some p which may be interesting to your readers. Portland was formerly part of the town of Chat- hem, and i i on the Cow a hor te Middietown, 4 crossed here by quarries at thie ? jeut river, whiet alled Coun towa or Chatham » have long b cel ted for the excellent quality of this ding m al, now 80 exten- sively used in New York and other cities, as the most favorite stone for ornamental purposes in the erection of "y years. Thy buiklings taken from these quarries im con- enturies since, but a stone extends from the briak of the fiver into the hill in the rear. The stone lies buried beneath the soil 1 6 inches t is estimate surface, and ave solid stone There are thr uarries 100 yoke of o: Company is a corpor, ket about 300 tons of first quality atone d ing the 4 men an some of Co. send market di corporat operation The « ing the et itfe sold ; varying from nd can be quarried he quantity of stone t beea taken from these quarries, ve extended over thirty acres of ging fifty feet in thickness of dtot companies now engaged in work- Portland, employing about 800 "The Middlesex Quarry m, which sends to mar- ily, with interior quality, Messrs. Brainerd & about 250 tons of first quality stone to ly. Shaler, Hall \& Co. ajoint stock |, ISA Mew Concern, not yet in as full 8 the others, but will soon be extended. companies — — +, fine sailing constantly employed in tramaport- to New Yor! A tthe cities, where ew York being the principal market at N present This stone is considered the best for building es of be the de supply —bidd ny pet found on the Atlantic coast, fit is constantly greater thanthe fair to increase with the population and wealth of the country. The quantity which can be obtained from these | quarries seems inexhaustible, and it has proveda source jarries and others en; . fer capiial is necessarily invested im it, and among the expenses is the eonstruction and | tion of steam engines to raise the stone and keep quarries free of water, after rains and flooda. ree she ewe where are tie a of much wealth to the proprietors of the ia the business. A O.eTa- ill has been built at Por yitege, up tland, curioal socematance, worthy of notice, d for the last fifty | that but very few of the public Lam of Middle- town are constructed of this beautiful stone, not- wit! ite and cheapness ; nor am I aware of the te Spellings, here are built of thie Teatetfal. Probably a diflereat taste will prevail hereafter, when the citizens ob- serve how highly it is valued elsewhere. Worcester, Mass., August 28, 1350. Aspect of Worcester—Its Situation, Population, and Distinguished Citizens —The Paine Light. Being, at the present time, a sojourner in this delightful precinct of the Old Bay State, I have thought that a running brief of matters and things hereabouts would be interesting to som? of your numerous readers; though not because they have not been well “ posted up” on the score of rural re- treats, the charms of the hill and the surf, by your numerous and gifted correspondents. But | am already seemingly guilty of a “bull.” I have spo- ken of this place in connection with ‘rural re- treats,” while, in fact, itis a city, with a mayor, aldermen, &c., &c. But, after all, it is not the leas true that Worcester is one of the pleasantest sum- mer resorts in New England. It comprises the heart-spot_of the commonwealth, being situated almost in its centre ; its surface is beautifully diver- sified by hills and valleys, teeming with agricultural richness—trees laden with fruit of every description; and there is scarcely a mansion or a cot which is not made pleasant and oderiferous by its plot of grave and bed of flowers of every hue and form, cultivated by woman’s hand. Then, too, we can ‘© to Boston from this place in sbout two hours’ ume, or to the venerable city of Providence in about the same time, and thence to New York, via Sto- nington—one of the easiest, pleasantest, and cheap est routes between New England and the E) State, and especially eligible to all who are travel- ting m New York or central New Englaad to jewport. The population of this place is, according to the recent State census, about fifteen thousand; and the people are Fea in all sorts of manufac- tures, as well as trades—there being a large and populous country in the immediate neighborhood to be supplied. There are no large streams of wa- ter here; the principal ones being Mill brook, a branch of the Blackstone ; Turkey brook, ef French river, &c. Railroads are here in abun- dance, and afford cheap and rapid faci ti ders in this place and in the interior, for getting their supplies. Of course, then, we have fresh lob- sters, eysters, and mackerel, in plentiful quanti- ties. ¢ railroads radiating from this place are under the best m: ement, and the travel upon them is immense, ai seasons of the year. Last Saturday, a party of some two or three thousand persons—grandpapas and grandmammas, husbands and wives, young men and maidens, and—old maids too, as well as children and infants—went from this place to Boston, by railroad, and returned the same day, but one accident occu: to mar the pleasures of the day. Only think of eighty cars full of country men and maidens on a—‘‘time”” ! Besides this, the beautiful steamer Miantonomi runs every Saturday, in connection with the Pro- vidence and Worcester Railroad, arriving at New- port in the middle of the forenoon, and thence makes a trip to Block Island ; afiording a rare opportunity tO view the ocean in all its majesty, to say nothing of the melody discoursed by the band which ac- ies the boat. These excursions, under the auspices of Mr. Isaac H. Southwick, the popular and efficient superintendent of the Providence and Worcester Railroad, are well patronized, and area great source of pleasure to The streets here are beat 8 much so as eny | have seen this side of Bath, Eng- land. Most of the houses occupied as residences are constructed of wood, almost invariably painted white, and a great number of them are “ first chop” as to size and style. Rents are somewhat high, and it seems to me that an enterprising and sagacious man might e in a considerable building speculation in this place, with many chances of reaping a large profit on his investment. He would be sure of good tenants and good op Worcester is the residence of many men of note. Of these we may mention ex-Governor Levi Lin- coln, ex-Governor Joha Davis, (now Senator at Washington,) Judge Merrick, who was senior coun- sel for Professor Webster, Elihu Burritt, or ‘ the Learned Blacksmith,” and to these we may add Friend John Milton Earle, for nearl pie years past the editor of the Massachusetts Spy, which is, also, we believe, the oldest established newspaper in the State. Henry M. Paine, the at “new ht,” is alo a resident of this place, and if his alleged discovery turns out to be real, Worcester will henceforth be honored, indeed, in the history of ecience. | recently called on Mr. Paine, at his house, a one and a half story cottage, extremely humble and secluded, and situated on the outskirts of the city. 1 had @ somewhat lengthy “talk” with Mr. Paine, principally in to his discovery, and found him very accessible, communicative, an frank. He is evidently a wide awake man, and, however dreamy he may be, I am sure he 1s not a sleepy man. Lfis personal « rance 1s that of an active, working, nervous individual, and his con- versation relative to his discovery is far from bein; of a sort calculated to impress one with any snc! idea as that of his being a rogue ora humbug. He seemed to be entirely farniliar with chemistry, and with the various technical names and terms eim- ployed by scientific men. He informed me that caveats had some time since been filed at the Pa- tent Office, at Washington, and also in Europe, for his discovery and inyention, and that in a few months the whole thing would be made known to the public. He is now engaged in the construction of machines to be exhibited at the World's [adus- trial Fair, which is to come off in England next year, and is, also, making farther experiments in the pplication of bis discovery to other depart- ments of human industry and exertion; and these experiments, Mr. Paine informs me, have been suc- cessful to such a degree as to justify him in saying that the simple light and heat features of his dis covery are quite secondary in character and im- portance to what will hereafter be disclosed. For imperative prudential reasons, as Mr. P. stated, the matter remains as it now does; bat he asserted positively, that in about four months the rationale ef the whole discovery would be known by the public, Here, then, our impatient curiosity must Test content awhile, Inthe meantime, I may be able to communicate something of interest in re- ference to some of Mr. Paine’s experiments, which he has promised to exhibit tome shortly. At any rate, Ishall have somethifig more to say respectin, Mr. Paine and his reputed foray into the field o scien QuiInsigamMoNnD. Terniwe Arreay ix a Court or Jus rice. — Yesterday the room of the Third District Court was the seene of a very bloody affray, be- tween three of our citizens. The facts of the case, as faras we can learn them from many variant accounts, are 68 tollows:—Dr. Dupas and D. bave been partners in a sew mill in the Third nicipality, and having lately dissolved partnership, some legal proceedings have taken place betweea them. ir Dupas, in settling the accounts of the partnership, wes assisted by Severe Wiltz, Alder- man of the Third Municipality. Yesterday the par ties metinthe Third Dustrict Court, to try a rale arising from these legal disputes. The rule had been tried, and Jadge Strawbridge left his seat and the room, when an altercation arose between Dupas and Veau, the former the latter with not accounting for money h d collected, and the latter pronounce ‘ 4 falechood and # ca- lumny. ye dispute was approichi a sorters ered, and stood between the parties, when V d him some very abu- sive langue @ him a lar and a calumniator, with retere: to Itz’s endorsement of Dupas’s charges. Thereupon Wiltz, who is a man of power- ful frame and strength, strack Veau, knocking im down on his knees. Veau drewa dirk and etabbed Wilts in the bre Wiltz turned to leep over the railing separating the clerk's stand from the portion of the court-room allotted to the bar, and as he did 60, Veau gave him avother se- vere cut in the thigh, but at the same time fell him- self suddenly on as if he were dead. It appeared afterwards that he had been stabbed in the back by Dopas, who avowed the act as one done in defence of his friend. The knife, which was a very sharp one, struck the spifal column, and im- jintely paralyzed his lower limbs. In the mean- time, Wil leaped into the judge's etend and Gentieraen, | In a little while they mined their Wiltz w: sistance of friends, to go down the steps; and was put into a cab and ca His wounds are severe and painful, but not dangerous. Veau was entirely proatrated by his injury, and it isfeared that it will prove mortal —. O ta, Aug 24 Tue American Corrrient Casn—Marray ve. Bobn and Routledge, has advanced one stage in the Court of Chancery. Vice-Chancellor Hruce on Thursday last ordered that both Mr. Boha and Mr. Routledge shall keep accounts of what they sell of Mr. Irving's works, pending the removal of the cause t another court, and without prejudice. “The point in dispute,” he observed, ‘was beyond all doubt a very importart one, and one which some day must reach the House of Lorda;” adding, a8 @ s the reports in the daily papers, Uhat“* it wae le tosny that the westions which the case involved were seitled.”” Fhe defence will rest in part on the plea that Me. Warhington Irving is an alien, and on the autho- rity of the case deeided in the Court of Exchequer by Sir Frederick Pollock. The claim to the ia- junetion will rest ip part, it is ag oy plea that Mr. bret ot that his father w: native ot tke Orkneys and hie other «native of Falmouth,and that though he himself was born in New York, he as the son wibjects, and therefore ne an “mn, Av gust 10. | Interesting from the Mexican Republic. OUR MEXICAN CORRESPONDENCE. of Mexico—The Tehwantepec Treaty—Its Pro- Idate this letter from the city of the Monte- zumas, but I fear that the invaluable commodity called news will not be found in much abundance, or of much importance, in this epistle. There are no startling events now taking place, or likely to happen,in this beautiful city. The people here have arrived at that sublime point of perfection where they look down upon the ordinary business and gossip of either public or private life as beneath their notice or ambition. ‘‘Happy is the nation,” says Montesquie, “whose annals are dull.” Thrice happy, therefore,ought to be this city of the Aztecs. Here dulness reigns supreme, and is the only thing which I knew that can be said to have much command within this republic. The cholera has been here for some three months, and in that time has claimed its due pro- portion of victims. The authorities resorted to all sorts of preventives and remedies, but without ob- taining many beneficial effects. At first, vegeta- bles, fruits, and some kinds ef meat,were prohibit- edin the markets, until the people were starved into eating unusual and unwholesome food. Next, were seen processions ef monks and nuas, bearing the host and banners, and images and relics, with enough of other sacred things paraded through the streets; the priests were reading prayers, and the boys swinging censors and scattering holy water. But although the people ran in crowds, kneeling bare-headed in the hot sun, while suffocating with heat, ana cust, and all kinds of stenches, still the cholera would not abate. The honest clergy then eommenced the sale, at six shilli of el Lar whieh had been duly sprin! and con- secrated; and although they were blessed c! and my readily, with the money that mi, | ave been expended on blankets, tend or clothing, still the cholera kept onincreasing. The overnor of the district thereupon very generously tributed medicines, as preventives, to the poor, who are almost naked, and who sleep on earthen floors that are lower than the level of the lake. ‘These preventives seemed only to add to the num- ber of cases. The mortality had now become so great that the sacred host, e along by priests who were about visiting the bed sides of the dying, was seen in every street. The ri of the Fans bell by which it was accompanied, seemed to be incessant. At length the authorities ordered this a to be discontinued, as it spread a most dismay—throughout city. The priests murmured, and chang:d the tune, by making the chorister boys sing ant instea was forbidden, and the cholera made in silence. In the midst of the epidemic, Dr. Marks, an American physician, arrived, who had already be- come celebrated for his treatment of cholera in Darango, San Luis Potosi, and elsewhere. The Governor at first permitted him to practice without mie Toh he was Sameer ey, Spt The faculty thereupon complained of irregularity. The lovernot then addressed Dr. Marks a note ordering him to pre: himself before a medical board for examinatio1 id among other things, re- uiring him to be perfect in the Spanish | 7 Fothts item in the making up of a Galen or Figo. crates the Dr d to be examined, shut > shop, and gave out that he was od by Ober the authorities. This was a proceeding not anti- cipated. To meet this, the — circulated the report that the doctor would only attend cases where he received a fee in advance, of $500. The doctor, in answer, published the note of the Go- vernor, and the papers ouned. upon his Excellency. He forthwith wrote to the doctor, withdrawing his letter, and giving him full permission to kill or cure ad libitum, and his success in the latter has been most gratifying. $ os number of cases in this city and valley, ter- minating fatally, has been variously estimated. The general belief is, that from _ 10,000 to 20,000 have died of it (or from it) within the last three months. The epidemic sas now Lage neey and no more cases are reported; thus, t five per cent of the whole population have fallen victims. ‘The existence of the cholera has had some efiect upon pleasure and religion, politics and bu- siness, in this city. The theatres closed after a few abortive ettempts to keep up appearances. The opera failed for want of patronage, and the ballet of the Monplaisers was not more fortunate. In aie there has been quite a revival; but a revival only of criticism, in the papers, on the con- duet of the clergy. e of the periodicals is publishing the histor) of ding suitable Inquisition in Spain, and comments. Another is no less severe on the priests for selling the blessed trinkets to keep off the cholera; while the official organ, the Monitor, ma long and well written article, demonstrates that the cle! are a curse to the country, and asserts that Mexico cannot prosper till they are put down. This, of course, includes the contisca- tion of their 300 millions of property, and the tole- ration of ali religious denominations so as to er- courage colonization from abroad. This religious discussion, although in appearance only a religious controversy, is, in tact, the warfare its sad havoc demurred, re between two political parties of ¢ untry. The Monitor is the official organ of General Arista, and of the administration now in power. The Universal is the - onent of the monarchists; while eome half dozen rdailys take ground accord- ing to their politcal predilections. Thus, one side publishes the history of the Inquisition with suit- able comments. The Universal replies t the statements ure false, especially about the seizing and imprisoning of women in the tribunal, for tne vile purposes of the inquisitors. To this the Mon- tor answers, aud quotes a royal edict of one of the Philips forbidding such practices in future. Next issue is taken about the authority to burn for- bidden books, and the Monitor clearly shows that no books can be seized or burned in Mexico, for vot being orthodox. This will be news to our mi y societies. But [ may add that this was on long before | saW the article in the y oy paper. us good for the cholera, could no‘ escape the vigi- louce of these keen editors, and the practice was ‘duly commented upon. The fact eould not be de- nied, and the governor of the district interposed The blessed trinkets sold by the priests, | to prevent any further traffic in this religious com- modity. But you may ask whet advantage is gained by this controversy? Let me expl The mo- | nel 8 desire the overthrow o present con- stituuen, the crowning of a Spanish prince, the fall supr ey of the church, and the restoration of the Ji to Mexico. The order of Jesus was compelled to leave this country whenexpelled from Spein, end the law of their expulsion seems to be sull im force, although they were much beloved. Well, this able party, with such fine pria- ciples and timents, in the present ceatury are pleased to cali themselves ‘* the conservatives.” Ged bless them for their modesty! The oppotite party, the moderades, are now in power, and in fighting for their political existence they have manfully to attack the church as xt pre- sent by law established. Hence the war on some of ite weak points, and the republications of th tory of the Inquisition, the ** Wandering Jew,” &c. But on the other hand the Universal boldly asserts that in the United Sates ali that is wanting to ac celerate the onward strides 'o greatness, aad ** to check socialiem,” is for the Yankee nation to em- brace the Roman Catholic religion. One party desires that things should remaim as they are, “only @ little more so ;” andthe other party advo- cates the toleration of religion, colonization by foreigners, thé reduction of the tariff, especially the odious prohibitions, the improvement of roads and harbors, and in fact every project found in suc- cessful operation inthe United States. The li- bere! party, es I stated, is now in power and in the opular ascendancy, but the imbecility of the old President retards the advancement of their wishes. Congress was to have met on the 20:h of June, but there was no quorum in consequence of the cholera panic. It is the policy of the monarchists jegislative action, and thus embar- ‘ation by withholding the supplies. In the absence of aj jations, the execative is limited to the expenditure (or rather payment) of « half million per month, which is oe oaly half enough, and which ated to onunciament limitation is calcu! produce a 0. The opposition desire enoutbreak, but the energy and firmness of Gen. hi so far checked pronwnctamentos now in session, but as yet has done riez has resigned the portfolio of Minister of Finance. His reason is that he could honor and in conscience, conformably to his oath, make some payments which the admi red. Yet he could, whi conscience, and a bright honor, make prom’ which he knew he could not perform, and did net intend to perform. There have been no less than ix ministers in this department within the last two years. Eoch one has remained in as long as he could postpone the fulfilment of his word, and when his budget of promises was like to burst, he resigned to eseape them. e present ficumbent of the treasury is Don Manuel Payno and Borasneste, Manuel Lh at ho viotting cards an reel one vi be gy of him, the unmitigated re rench featty Lan pa that roughly handled wonld not be storm of eneeis and invidious F simi . And does not ace One must now be careful how he trime his person ragraphs. It is most remarkable spelen but cannot give an intelligible “ w or w! resort he finds favor with the jh who advocate his selection and declare that it is of the papers, in their call hits Payni which very much pcos of Our eight by" ten weeklies, prioting a man’s name in type. long time c! ane of Lane bec “ we and is well versed in all that pertains to pet aera O caninatintionte and admires them. principal contributor to the Mexican. of the ten by him, as well as all the subsequent parts that combine the political portion of that clerer work, The cabinet is now composed of Gen. Herrera, as President of the Republic; Lacunza, Minister of Relations and of the Interior; Gen, Ais, arine r of Finance, an ary renow: ereatios for his honesty, ** and no- thing else.” le is so decidedly honest that he is arden of the The good old gentleman is the only public man who is not abused, ex: by all the members of his le seems to have nothing to do but attend to his beautiful flower furthermore, say he will let them do nothing. With Lacunoza the case is different: he promises everything to ‘rform wonders ; but he never gets beyond the eomnieine antes ‘He is an i oe —, of ambassador—“one who lies enough for a whole nation.” ma- tize Ro, “the beau, the bard, and or his that whi i8 countrymen are dissatisfied with hi an indi¢ation of improvement in the fature. Payno has been for a harman debt, &c., in the Deputies, He has travelled im the United war with our country. The first chapter was writ- which is now translated into our 5 Minister of War and ayno, Ministe: President is a good old soul, with some revolution- only noted for taking the flower-pots out of the indirectly, m the government Tr, and priv > gov paper, and pri at Tacubaya, and his cabinet everybody, and you would suppose he would r. Jol 28 definition, in his dictionary, of an Gen. Arista is looked upon as not only the head of the cabinet, but of the whole nation. His posi- tion is peculiar and emba: ing. He knows what ought to be done, and how to de it, but he cannot prevail on Congress to act, or the Executive to as- sume the responsibility. He is censured for things which he disapproves, and he is blamed for not performing what is beyond his power, although not beyond his wishes. He cannot resign, as that would place his enemies in the ascer it and his life in jeopardy; nor can he hold his official sta- tion without great risk to his popularity. While he is full of life and energy, the cabinet if accused of being torpid and im! le; and while he would wish action, he is allied to a chief who courts only repose. In unfortunate position he has to suppress insurrections, to retain his friends, and sustain his pularity, which at this time is greater than that of any other man’s in Mexico. The candidates for the Presidency are numerous, and all of them have hopes. What has inc: the list is the fact that some of the papers have nominated two candidates at the same time. Thus, the Monitor has nominated, or ‘* postu- lated,” Arista and Rosa, and still sticks to the nominations. I have no doubt this was done to flatter Rosa and his friends, in order to get them to “come ever” to Arista. It is said that Rosa has some popalesiy, in the country, but here I have never heardany one speak favora- bly of his talents or accomplishments; but Bur- ton would say, “quite contrary the reverse.”” Some time ago, i asked a witty lady, when talking of the Mexican Minister at Washington, if Rosa spoke English? Her answer was, “‘no, senor, ni Lspa- niol.” Rosa is of Indian extraction, and is disliked by the ish blood. I see that my French neighbor, the editor of the Trait d’ Union, remarks that public opinion seems to be divided between Gens. Arista, Almonte, and Rosa. The Trait is very good authority on all subjects, and I su; Semnibiahe vasadincne as the candidate of the monarchists. Possibly the fact is so, for Almonte will join any party, and _be- tray any party, at the shortest notice. Restless, intriguing, cunning, plausible, and with some de- gree of learning, he is not deficient in address and ility te insinuate himself into the good graces of a ‘large mincrity who are willing to catch at any thing. Butif I were required to point out a man whom all parties distrusted as “a creoked stick,” I should undoubtedly turn my digital to- wards General Almonte. He bears an excellent tation in the United States for his diplomacy while Minister, and for his writings; for all Mexi- cans write like angela, or like women talk. But in ths country it has always seemed to me any ty would as soon trust a Camanche as Almonte. Bowever, the monarchists know what they are doing. Bossibly ee using him to get up a promunciamento, as that is the oaly way row left for defeating Arista. The prevalent opinion seems to be in this city, that the Tehuantepec treaty will be rejected by the Mexican Congress. The reasons the Mexican press and the persons of inflaence, appear to me to be extremely silly ; but. J believe they will act as silly as they talk, aad the treaty will be rejected almost unanimously. Every one seems to be aiming @ blow at it, on the principle of that little song which begins with, ** Hit him again, he’s got no friends.”” The history of this Tehuantepec route is not well understood in the United States. a the time of Cortez it explored, and after him, others, no less enterpriziog, turned their attention to cutting a canal or ma! ~ he across the Isthmus. But one ‘after another gave it up—not, as is supposed, from want of energy, or information, or money, or means. Everything was as well known then as bow about the route, and some things more, per- = than has lately appeared.in print. The Spa- nish government Was wealthy at the time, en- terpriving, intelligent, and had, moreover, as deep an interest in ing the road, 80 as to reach their wealthy spice islands ia India, as we have to make a short cut to California. But the Kiag of Spain, or rather the Council of the Indies, aban- doned the idea of making this Isthmus the route between the seas. lastead of doing so, they made fer more expensive and longer roads across the continent at other places. The Council of the Indies was composed of practical, iatelligeat me who bod served in public office ian Amencea, an were well acquainted personally with American subjects. For their bev publie spirit’ and ta lents they were promoted te this council—so say a lithe Srenish American historians in 1814, Don Lucas Alamin broached again the subject of this route, in the Spanish Cortes Bat Ala was then a young man, from Guadalexara, who knew nothing of the topo- gtayhy of the isthmus. The matter was again dropped. Fmally, while Santa Anna was dictator of Mexico, he made a grant of this route to Garay, who was innocent of all knowledge of the value of his splendid present. He sent engineers to examine it, who firet of all broke their instruments, and af- ter some superticial examination broke do #! selves from the excessive “ healthiness,” and sand flies of the couantr, aray thought the matter over, and fouad his bar, 80 promising that he gave a portion of his grant, cneap, two some other persons. And they in tara sold out cheap to the presenf holders of the grant. la the meantime, Santa Anna was o* hrowa, the grant was proclaimed illegal, uncon: tional, pull and void courts of justice refased to re- cognive it. Each successive edministration did the Negotiations were set on foot in the United # to obtain the privilege fer our goverment. During the war, Mr. Trist proposed to purchase the right of way; but Santa Kone happened that time to be again in power, and Mr. Trist was in- termed that the grant hid bee ade to Garay. Mr. Trist shut op his portfoljo; our cannon opened upon Mexico; Santa f tein walks, rides, or runs off, and the new ‘oment denounce him and his grant the same ver. Mr. Trist agaia proposes all ebout Tahuantepec. Colifornia now became a treaty and makes one, in which he forgew ours, and a short roed to the gold mines was more desirable than ever. The Tehauntepee joute was proclamed the shortest, cheapest, and best. Bat most unfortunately the grant to Garay was re- pudiated in Mexico, the government hating im, Santa Anna end all their schemes. Here was a free field for diplomacy. A treaty was required to white-wash, paint, stucco, or refrgnt, as they do in Broadway houses, the grant to Garay. Gov. Lateher was sent in all haste as minister to Mexice, and forthwith negotiations began. Our minister plenipotentiary met with a kind and cordial welcome from the government. The exe- cutive had proclaimed themselves the advocates of of Gen. Taylor in particular. opportunity to show their . But the cabinet hated Santa Anna, his friend Garay, and his grant at Te a There Je - no help for ne ever, negotiations, to commence. Pedroza wis’ commissioned to conduct them, and he, inde- dently of tical reasons, also some pri- tate fee! "ee hat the Tnvsamees grant. ae as LA. cstegl this treaty ; rema that the grant to mentioned nor recog: on the part of our miaister; ~ in fact, it was one of the tender points which h: to be touched lightly, or Pedraza would, in tage, have thrown up the papers. Fi cumstance y the Jastaniedo, Minister of Justice. The | I derived my information by accident from one im- i me an the busigess. “aa Oriana ; _— are eatouln reflect u our 7 e of the treaty, Ge rina medirce eet They object to the treaty becinse the termini ot made of entry; that toi duties FS iy Mexico, ‘and that the saivilage peda be hel a government or fe cor In brn The 4 ese complaints, het eaplan ton te : not difficult. The grant gives the right of entry, © i and also exempts the ves sels from tonnage duties. The article in the treaty forbidding governments or foreign corporat elding the grant, applies only in the event of jexican government having to resume the conces- sion and re-selling the grant, in which case indi- viduals only can purchase. The great obstacle in the way about the making of this treaty was, that Pedraza is bivterly hostile to he grant, and would not treat that as the avowed basis lence some obscurities, and possibly some imperfections. And in the next place, the Mexican vernment was afraid to con some things, lest e Congress would refuse to ratify. The cabinet did not seem to care much about the business, as they believe the work, when undertaken, will be a failure, from nautical obstacles that exist. 1 believe that after this month the British steam- ers will cease to touch at Mobile for mails and pas- sengers from and to Mexico. Of course our govern- ment is not yet awake to interest in moaopoliz- ing the trade of Mexico. “The. British found that their steamers touching at Mobile gave New Or- leans the Mexican correspondence, and conse- quently some of the trade, and for that reason objections are raised sgainst the Mobile bag. If our executive would only read the official corres- pendence of the two last ministers on this subject, think some neglect would be found somewhere, in not having an American line. Why is it net called for in Congress ? Laovayra, July 7, 1850. The Gold Mines of Venezuela. I promised to give you some account of the gold munes lately discovered in the large province of Upata; but the accounts from the mines are much timilar to those received in the United States, in the beginning of the excitement occasioned by Ca- lifornia. On making inquiries in Caracas, the sto- ries told me all corroborated the fact of the exist- ence of the mine; but my experience in the Cali- fornia question, at home, led me to doubt many of the brilliant expectations founded on this new dis- covery. This much you may rely on implicitly—the mines are there; and judging from the quantity and spe- cimens of ore which have been gathered there, during the last season, there is no doubt, when companies become proper} anized, and the work oe po in some pf Aa that the results will be immense. The more particular locality where searches have been made, is in the river pee near the Pueblo or vil of Tusserquen. The go dis found among the sand in the washings of the river; and as yet, few attempts at any other dis coveries of the mineral among the quartz rock of the neighborhood have been made. | have little doubt that these will prove [omy productive. The ge in the river are, some them, quite large. deed, such is the eagerness with which those who visited the mines made search for the gold in the vn of the river, Le a i be ge Bis. seon so muddy as to prevent them from dist a the reine of the 1 mineral from the sediment sand. A gentleman from the province of Barquisi- meto, lately returned frot mines, w as yet, we will not dignify with the name of “ gings,” with quite a large quantity of gold, gather- ed in an exceeding short time. Those who pretend to be wise in these matters, value the gold at twenty-four carats; if it reach this estimate, there is none, if | mistake not, in California, or indeed elsewhere, of superior quality. Much of it was bought up, both in pure grain and ia dust, for twenty-two pesos. e value of a peso is cents of our currency. Inthe Republi wcano, of 29, published in Caracas, the writer epeaks of gold having been known to exist there many years back, and the value of it was so little known that ‘it wes used by the Indians to make balls with which to shoot their venison.” Take that for what it is worth, a8 you must all reports from gold All I will vouch for is, that there is an immense quantity ef gold in the province of Upata, which only awaits the skill of such as have ew themselves in our own couutry, to make the fame of this new California as world-wide as the elder . One too, it will have, and re not well aay- bei pe epee gee ge eo perature bei ig! ly coo! asin, wi abounds in cattle, which are very cheap, scarcely one-fourth the price they wo United States,) to say nothing of the immense number of deer, and ble animals of the chase. Almost a> i grain vegetable caa be ‘din Upata; and, altogether, | kaow no place in South America which, independent of the mines of gold with which it i id to abound, holds out more attractions to the emigrant than does this one of the Oronoco valley. The distance from Ouidad Bolivar, formerly Angostura,to the mines and washings, is about Beeides wll this, the last Cor of Venezuela have given a grant toa New Fork company for the exclusive navigation of the Oro- noco, and they will have steamers runniog there in the course the year. The distance from the river Oronoco is two days’ journey on horseback. I might go on and give you further details of inte- rest to you, but I must give you faets, and not idle ramors. My next letter will be more minute in ita details; for I will, by that time, have conve: with many who, from their owa experience at the mines, can give reliable information. are living in 4 golden age. Traly we Festus. Total. —Shewing an res and slaves of only 40. The population of 1840 was + making an increase in the last ten years of “Wasnineron Townsurr, P. —Population, 1,511; families, 257; dwelling hor 247; farms, 1155 , 8,379: » May other cattle, 215; sheep, 262; swine, ‘30,652; potatoes, 8,255 bushels. Wa taken i 4 township, 1,200 for its on in 1840, the increase would be 311, or 26 wna, Pa.—Popalation, 1.764; families, houses, 305; males, 903; females, 861, 5 Tye, 27,723: corn, 12,910; ive stock, $39,710; horses, 413; . 54; sheep, 428; swine, 8775 lation in 1540, 1,429; increase, batter, 34,525. Po; 325, lation, 2,365; farms, 193; vo- 74,306 pounds. Populadon in ; increase, 293, or 1M per ceat. Pa— ulation, 1,035; fami 179; 708; rye, . 94; wheat, 3, rn, 9,153; oats, 6.453; potaloes, 4,619; at, 1772; value of live st $25,657; horses, 284; cows, d44; other cattle, 1 heey, 1755 swine, 729; butter, 26,527; animals slaughtered, value, $10,795. Provinence, R. 1.—The census of this city has so far completed that an estimate can be made of the total within a few hundreds. The enumeration of the sixth ward is complete; that of the third, fourth and fifth, is to be increased by the addition of a few absenters, not more than one hundred probably. The first and second wards are estimated, bat we doubt not that the result will come ay overthe Say on 3 ee 0; third, 6700; fourth, 3 fifth, 7300 5 sim 10 342—~making the total 48,008. The population in 1840 was satire just about equal to the present population of the three wards on the west side of the river. : Locxront, N. Y —The census of Lockport shows the following result: Nomber of inhabitants in the village, 8,807; in the town, 12,312 The po-~ pulation of the village in IS48,according to the cen- sus then token, Was 7,621. The population of the town, according to the State census taken in 1845, was 9,319— thus showing an increase in the town, in the last five years, of three thousand; and in the village sn jacrease of 1,156,in two years, Rome, N. Y.—Through the politeness of the De- puty Marshal, who has just completed the censna of village, we learn the follewing :—Number of families on the cot tion, 738 ; number of in- habitants in do., 4,610. To 1845, the number was 2,930. Increase in five years, 1,580. Anion, Wis —Albion contains 819 inh ibitant and of these, 305 are matives of New York; Ml Norway; 134 of Wisconsin; 129 of Eagiand; 19 Pennsylvania; 15 of Canada; 15 of Vermont; 10 Iinois: 4 of France; 7 of Connecticut; 3 of land; 1lof Rhode Isiand; 5 of O1 Hampshire; 3 of India Massach sof ters, G17 1840, 2. Low ; farme le place where is q vam Win The states the popu Falls at 1045. Shout one half of ‘i, pce eh pL ty 9 Ingh Sf 5 Vevay,