The New York Herald Newspaper, August 20, 1850, Page 3

SE mre ‘Way the United States are Peopled from Abroad. ‘@he Departure of Emigrant Vessels from Liverpool for Aimertea. TUE STOW-AWAYS—THE ROLL-CALL—SCENBS AND INCIDENTS ON BOAKD—CHE SHIPS. [From the Liverpoot Chronicle. Juty 22 i The Passenger Act of hr 12th aad 13th Victoria, besides specifying the berth-room, gearra\ accom- modation, and stock of provisions fur each passen- ger, regulates in « variety of wags the Observances to be adopted for the heslth sad comtort of emi- rants, prior and subsequent to suling. No pis genger anip allowed to proceed to sea vatila medical practitioner, approved by the emigtaion Officer of the port, shall have inspected the medi- Cine-chest and passengers, and certified that the medicines, &c., are sullictent, and that the emi nts are free from all contigious disease. For this service the medical practitoger receives a fee of a guinea per one hundred passengers. The first business, therefore, that the tteadiag emi- grant has to perform, afier prying his passage- Money, is to present himself at the medical in- spector’s office. Having dove this, and been passed as free from disease, his ticket is stamped, to show that he has undergone insvection. Three Jists of all the passengers ore made ouv—oue for the government emigration ageut, our fer the cus- house, and one for the ship. But the inspection alluded to is not the oly medical examination the emi thas toundergo. The city and Sate of New York, as well as Boston, Philodelphia, and other parts, have become very particular as to the kind of emigrants they will permit to land. They ‘were s0 much alarmed by the appearance of the myriads of wretched creatures whom the potato rotand the cholera drove from Iretond across the Atlantic, that they issued striageut regalations, aot only against the admission of persons epg from contagious diseases, but against cripples aa people. Although the State of New York does not positively protbit the immigration of the helpless, disabled, aad deformed, it read the captain of every emi them over, liable .o a penalty of seveaty-tive dol- Jars for every such immigrant, aod holds him re- sponsible ties, public or private, of the city of New York. The aly exsephon mad?, is iv the cise of deformed or helpless immigrants who belong to families al- ready settled in America, and who will uaderteke the charge of them. A poll tax, or commutation money, of a dollar and « half passenger, is also etre ¢ hea all immigrants, proceeds of which are devoted to the support of te hospitals of New York. The captain of every emigrant ship had formerly to sign a bond tor the support, without charge on the publicicharity, for three fall years, of every steerage passenger whom he brought over, but the obligation wes uever ent 1, and became, in fact, a dead letter The regulation has since been abolished, and the comuatation money has been raised from one dojlar, its former amount, to one dollar and # haif, at which itis aow fixed. In consequence of these regulations, say inspection of the emigrauts by the medical of the ship takes place, us soon after the ship has left the docks es the list of the passengers can be called over. It sometimes happens that a ship cannot sail on the advertised day, either because she has not taken in her cargo, or because she has room for additional emigrants, or because tae weather may be adverse. lo this case, should the passeogers themeelves be ready to embark, they are eutitled to recover from the owner, chsrterer, or master of the ship, ** subsistence money,’ at the rate of Is. a day each. Should the detention be solely caused by wind and weather, and the passengers be main- tained on board with | he sare provisions and water as if they Were at sea, the subsistence money is not payable. In een sequence of the regulation of the Live I Dock Trust, which prohjouts the use of fire ind light on bourd of ships ia the docks, these detentions, as stated ina previous letter of this seties, are often the cause of coasiderable hardship to the poor people The Waterloo Dock is the priveipal station of the American liners ia the port of Liverpool. A description of the departure of oae or two of these vessels, and of the scenes on board, both in the dock and in the Mersey, as weil as an aecount of conversations held at various times with all classes of emigrants, may serve to coovey an idea of that busy and interesting scene, the departure of a large emigrant ship with « full c onplement of passengers. It was a beautiful morning when | proceeded to ‘witness the departure of the Surof the West, Capt. , commander, a fiue new ship, then on her first vi and registering 1,200 tons. The scene in the at bulf pest erie in the morning, was ere | aut vessel which brings | for the sustenance of every such person, | for three years clear, without burdeaing the ehari- | loudly, that he would not go back to America. * You cannot hang me for it,” he sail to the in, ‘and I will not go.” The captain, who diag much equaninaity, insisted, that as the steward was on board, he would keep him there, and take him out to America, whether he liked it or not. The steward, who certainly looked ill, was of another mind; afd, springing to the side of the vessel, jumped overboard into the dock before a hand could be raised to prevent him. He swam like « fish, and reached in safety another vessel at the distance of about fifty yards. ‘This was provoking, but there was no redress, unless the captain chose to delay bis voyage until he could arrest the man in Liverpool, and bring the case before the stipend maigistrale In the meantime, the steward was out of reach, and the captain had vo other resource than to leave his ship in the Mersey, and return to Liverpool for another cook and steward, to be picked up at an hovr’s notice. ye were towed towards New Brighton by a steam-tug for the distance of three or four iniles, during which the scene in the steerage below was as animated, though searcely so cheerfal, as the scene on deck. The steerage was somewhat dark but in the uncertain light @ picture presented itself full of strange * eflects.” The floor was strewed with luggage, rendering ita matter of difficulty to wolk—bundles, trunks, cases, chests, barrels, loaves of bread, sides of bacon, and tin cooking utensils, seemed to be piled together in hopeless and inextricable confusion, while amidst them ail scrambled or crawled a perfect multitude of young children, All the berthe were occapied. Some of the passengers seemed as if they had resolved to go to sleep even at that early period ef the wr Some were eating their breakfasts in their berths, and some were making use of harrel- heads and trunks for tables and chairs, and regal- ing themselves with bread und coflee. Here aad there a man might be seen shaving himself in the dim and uncertain light; while at other parts of the ample steerage, families were busily looking afier their worldly goods, and establishing a demarca- tion between their own property and that of their neighbors. In some of the berths women were sitting up conversing; aud in others chileren were singing, hallooing, and shouting, as if the excite- | meutof the scene were to them a joy indeed. ‘There was « constant rushing to and fro, a frequent tumbling over chests and barrels, and a perfect Babel of tongues, All was life, bustle, and con- fusion; but what seemed most singular, there was nothing like sorrow or regret at leaving England. | There was not a wet eye on board—there had beea no fond leave-takings, no farewells to England, | no pangs of parting. Possibly there was no ne- cessity for any. ‘0 «ninety-nine out of every hundred of these emigrants the old country had been in all probability an unkind mother, a country of sorrow and distress, associsted only with remembrances of poverty and sufleriog 1 must confess that I expected to see something like the expression of a regret that the shores of old England would soon fade from their view for ever —something like melancholy at the thought that never more were they to revisit the shores of ju- rope; but nothing of the kind occurred. Ail was noise, hurry, and animation. They had made up their minds for a long journey; hope was before them, and nothing was behind them but the re- membrance of misery. It was possible, also, that the leave-takings had taken place in Irelan that whatever sorrow they felt bad beea before their arrival in England. As soon e steem-tug had é¢rawn us about five miles up the Mersey, we dropped anchor, and disembarrassed ourselves of what the mate called the whole * fra- ternity” of orange girls, and other merchants of small wares, who had until that us, to ply their trade among the emigrants. with orange girls, cap merchants, and dealers in Everton-tofly, ribbons, laces, pocket mirrors, giv- hagas nuts, sweetmeats, es there must have en nearly forty interlopers to be sent back to Liverpool. The steam-tug took charge of them ail, es well as of the captain, who had to retura in search of a cook and steward—and the Star of the West wes left to the crew and passengers, aad about half a dozen visiters, ‘The steam-tug had no sooner taken her departure, than all the passengers were summoned on deck, that their names might be read over, their tickets preduced, and a search made in the steerage, and in every hole and corner of the -ship, for “ stow- aways.” The practice of stowing away has, ic appear s, very much increased of Tate years; and although the strictest search is invariably made before the emigrant ships leave the Mersey, @ voyage is seldom completed without the discovery, when ont in the Atlantic, of two or three of these uvfortupaies, In one voyage the captain of the Star of the West, then commanding the Monte- zuina, Was favored with the company of no less busy and animated in the extreme. All the cargo ‘was on board, consisting ) ally of iron rails, the exportation of which to America is very largely on the increase. The greater part of the passen- ers were eleo on board; but every minute uatil a nine there War a freoh arrivalof emigrants and their baggage. lu consequeace of the regu- lations, both of the British and American govern- ments, it was to be presumed that the hving freight of the Star of the West was in gost condition, and duly certilied to be untkely to become je to our Transatlwrtic’ brethren of New York. It must be confessed, however, that they did not present a very favorable specimen of the genus man Destitution and suf- a continued, posstbly for gearrati done ‘work upon the greater anmber of tl " lt was not alone their personal uncleanliness and their wretched attire, but the haygard, sallow, and prematurely eged expression of their faces, that conveyed idea of. jegagation and deterioration. ‘The retreating forehead—the emit sunken nose— the projecting jaws—the protuding teeth—and the ii vacant look, were com nou ainongst both old andvyoung, and forcibly recalled the deseription the: of the southera sod western, districts, irs by Mr. Govan Dutly, hisetf an Trishman, ‘und not dispored, it may be presusied, to exaggerate a description to the disudvintage of his coantrymen. “4 saw,” said he, “in the streets of Galway, crowde of creatures more debased than the Yahoos of Swift; crewturee having only a distant and hideous resemblauce to hawan veings; urey headed old men, whose faces had hardeved into a settled leerot dicancy, smeous and aeum-hamaa; and women rer and more frightful then the harpies.” There were many eich Irish people as theye on board the Star of the West on the morning of her « departare; and the general appearenee of the majo~ rityto whom euch «dereription wonld aot apply, was weakly and calc worn, be-peaking «xtrems poverty, neglect and apathy = There was our funily of Ger- mans on board—a /ather and mother, and four grown up and two younger chilirea—whose ap- ‘wee in striking contrast with that of the rish. The man was from Bavarian—a tall, well- formed, ng keri,” full fed and rad iy, aad looking seilbe eould de no ordiaury duty in fell- i on west, ve hd There were primevel forests of the f con- the wilderness inte « g@ nica also two or three Logleh ionutes oa board—the men easily recognizable by the <mock-frock of the English peasaniry, ead the wore by their sape- rior neataess of attire With thew few exceptions, the passengers were sll lish = The whole oum- ber of parsengets war 385, of whom abut 360 were Iriah. As the hour of departure drew nigh, the seene on the dook, on the quey, cud on board, became more and more enimated he morning san shone brightly—the cky was without « loud—a forest of anebe all he surrounding decks their delicate traceries agaiiat the deep blue of the heavens, and the star -osngled bvawer flapped to the freshtreeze. Ano ver eougrent ship in the same doek whose turn to be towed out vas before ours, began to move slowly from her berth. This verse! was the Queen of the Weet Like ourowa, she was filled as full as she could bold with _ migrants. Jt woe ob th resting seene as moved slowly past ns, (0 observe ee decks cram med with passengers, ber flogy streaming to the ‘and to hear the sailors casing thete pooahar and chaunt as hey trod laa atthe a coon as she pureed throw h the doek- it fae our turn to move, but all our passem- Sntere not on boerd Uanl the very last moe ment, they kept arriving oy (wow and threes, with their oo their backs «Here migat be seem a strong carrying a cheet ora darrel, and a whole assemblage of 1. cao ant coukiog ateusils and there a worsen *ith « child tn one acm chattels a the other When the recites pea cye vicre reeored, ot eon Oi of our te hid not arrived, and many of them to toss their law sg i. fey froea the andtoclamber oat thy: ship by the ng ging, by Oy thre oh thes keeates The nea contrived to jump on board nh comparative ease; but by thebelated won noo wh ly a sore, the feat wee pot « ayihinted mach sostessing and heoity oe valinat fel- low, Who fad bern dinnking overmuch with his frends on ibere were near. ehore, made ou actemat to leap aboard as the weasel was cleariog the dock gates, bat mis cal the distance, he fell ity the water, ‘There A general rosh of people to the mde of the abip, 4 Screatciog Amon the women, but fe , there was 4 boa! siongaide, po wy lees than 4 ima, and placed chin on deck dripping *°', and coueiderably more when he fell into the water A bot quite cleared the dock, when an other t owwurred. ‘Lhe « had beep Bie promiien to te i r a fan, wed had come on board to to the captain the weres he bad rceeived im ade vance, fo state That he Was to ” dertake a voyaee «5 some altereniion on | geta tarped their eye eteWard was cern than ten stow-aways, of both sexes, who had secreted themselves about the ship, until it was far out at sea, and had then preseated themselves before him, without mosey or luggage. The manner in which the stow-aways contrive to elude the vigilance of the crew is surprising. T! sometimes have accomplices among the steerage passsengere, and sometimes have no other reliance then their own patience impudence. Ia the first case, they are brought on board in barre! or in large chests, with air holes bored in the and placed among the | e until the di ceremony of the roll-call aad production of the Mdisceple Cg nog Wp ad ones mec iding-places, and are aring the voyage charity of those who are in their secret. La the i stances where they have no friend on board, hide themselves in the hold, or about the in every unlikely corner starved into the necessit, F 3 Gi: gif death by refusi will keep them alive ull they reach) Fy ithe pumisbes them by Imprisonme at, they reconcile themselves to it, well kpowing that after all they must be landed in America, that the ebject pay’ bens in view will be aceow,ieled. So great is their misery at home, and so exalted are their hopes of doing better in America, that they are contented to run all possible rks of the punish- ment or hardship that may be inflicted upom them on board. The practice, however, “haa other dangers than these, und cases have occurred in which the unhappy *stow-aways” have been suf- focated in the chests or barrels in which they have been concealed. But such extreme eases are com- paratively rare, and the worst fate that usually he- is the stow-away is the degradation of bei all the dirty work of the ship. Some: a miserable is compelled ee oe se ae rely Sona om pumber rs, Without any protection from weather; but it is seldom thas 6 captain resorts to 3 lied to perform compel re such useless and vindictive erurlty. One captain, however, was so Manoyed by the constant appearance of etow-away+ in bis vessel, in spite of all the precautions he that he resolved to tar and feather, in American wood or‘ Lynch” fashion, the first he found He was as ood as his word, and erat a wretched stow-away fe in the steam tng to Liverpool in this peinfal plight. The man complained to Mr. Kushton, the irate, and the captain, aware that he had nm the law, and was liable to punishment fer it, has not since returned to Liverpool. But, not- = all the severity that is sometimes shown, the fatal aceidents thet oceur tu the wu people who stow themerives gee. Se pract! continues. A stow-away was lately die |, almost dead, in a barrel of salt. A woman war taken out of a chest, after the vessel had been twenty-four hours at sea, with her limbs so cramped and beaumbed, and so weak aod exhausted as to be unable to stand up for a fortowht. Ona one oc- when a large cask was being hoisted over fer ene 1, bend foremost) ve the man fell ont, 5 aoe *hever he was rscwr with me dif culty. 8 coptain of any of the crew suspects ja to or barrel to po a stow-awap, and he does pot like to break 1' open, he resorts to the expedient of it on ove end, eo that the comand, 5 one must be made to stand on head. ( line, after a few minutes, seldom foile to make the wretched er disclose bim- self, and call for mercy. is general extreme poverty that cavees men, women, and children to subject themselves to thie danger; bat cases have occurred in which the peoenewey bet money, A few weeks before the departure of the Star of the Weat, a stow-nway was detected, before the ship a the ree soy ry stated before te toa Denerkier, for concealing hin tad tehiog, him | on beard joa trunk. The sttement was eacer- teined to be correct, end » warran isewed for the apprebension of the man-catcher. A remarkabl) stout man, ix feet high, who had stowed himeerli away in a chest, was ported out to me in the etrecta The vessel in which he was concealed, the John R. Skiddy, was wrecked on the const om py He aoe mote his way back ye Pang with the eiber te jow 80 yan dividual euuld have etumaned himeelf into a chest, woe diff cult to 5 Tt wee some time the whole of our 38% pase: _ >) cculd be got together on the quarter dee! fn S000 Hs the matter was ap. 8 rope drawn ecrom, nnd men eta! gangways fo prevent any access to the of the vessel, the search for stow-aways meneed. The cheer appointed by owners for the purpore, aecompanir and a certain number of the crew, viertere, procet ded to the ster cued with longetieks to and to sound the depths of obscure cornere, and with hammers to thomp in the berths. Not a cranny in the Star West pad af emneareied on thie were treme theken, leet men and women thouid amongst them. The tine ase with every berth, and at the parts suspicious-looking barrela were shake: about, or turned upside down; all ¢ enough to contain man, woman, or child, were subjeceted to the most jealous and persevertag secu- be and turned upon end, back again, upside down wnd in every way, to make a human being, if in- side, manifest his presence by his shout for re- lease. No corner or hole was considered too small or unlikely to be searched; but this time the search was meade in vain. No stow-aways were disco- vered, and we discontinued the serutiny it with outa remark from one of the sailors—that, not- withstanding all the vigilance that had been exer- cised, some of the “creatures” would show them- selves a8 soon as the ship Was out at sea. ‘This ceremoay over, the next ceremony, equally important—which was that of the roil-call—was commenced. Taking his stand upon the rail of tae quarter-deck, that he might look the crowd, the clerk of the egents prod a list of the pas ~erger, and began to call over their names. ‘The (upon the list was Patrick Hoolaghan, his wite, Lridget Hoolaghan, and a family ofseven children. The Hoolaghuns, after some little difficuliy, were all found; and room being made for them, they passed to the gangway, produced their tickets, were then ushered to the steerage, free to their berths and to eli the pri- vileges of the passage. The next was Beinard M’Dermott and a family of six. Not muking his appearance with proper speed, the man on the rai! raised aloud shout for * Buravy,” and made a touching appeal to his justice not to keep the ship waiting, Barney turned up ia due time, and proved to be aa utter Trishman—in face, v . Vesture, and attire—and skipped triumphant dow. the gangway with his ticket in his hend, f lowed by the whole of the younger generation ot the M’Dermotts e next were Philip S: wile, and eight ¢! ren—a congregation o whore name and nbers excited a shout ¢ ter among the passengers. A request was made by some one in the crowd that if there were any more Smiths on the list their names might be called out at once, so that the whole tribe might bedone with. ‘The man on the rail was condescending enough to ccm and five other families of Smiths were duly called and as duly made their appearance the laughter and jeers of the assemblage. ‘i Boyle was next inorder. Patrick, it ap- red, was rather deaf, and did not answer to his bume— rolled s large laugh. “ Paddy Bile, Come here awhile,” shouted the man on the rail. The rhyme had no efleet, and it was begun to be surmised that Paddy was not on board, when he was led forward by the collar by a tellow passenger, as if he had been a culprit who had beea caught in the wet of picking apocket. He looked nothing abashed or angry at the treatment, and, after fumbling in bis oreast, im his coat, eud in his waistcoat pocket, prod i the proper receipt fer his passage money, end ushered down the gangway amid expressions from every side that were far from complimentary to his beauty or his sagacity. ‘ Joseph Broven” was told to** come down.” ** William Jones” was asked to ‘show his bones,” and various other rhymes were perpetrated upon the names of the laggard to the great amusement of all the people oa The whole ceremony lasted for upwards of an and a belf, and oflered nothing remarkable bat the ry of an atten ted fraud on the pattofa very it couple of Trish people. Ia procuring their ticket they had represented their son, who was to. accompany them, as uoder twelve years of age, and had only paid haif price for him. The boy of tweive years of age, on being compelled to show hunself, tumed out to be a strapping young man of eighteen or nineteen. “ You must pay fall price,? said the man on the rail, ‘or Ushuli be under the ceesity of taking * this litle boy’ ashore with and of ade | you to go to New York without him.” The old womeu burst into tears, aad expiessed her determination not to be patted from her child. The old man thrust his hands into his pockets, end said pothiag. Come, pay the money,” enid the agent. “1 have not a penny in the world, nor so much as a farthing,” replied the old man, “so you must just put us all ashore,” * Get up their luggege, and tend them ashore,” was the order given ; but the old man said they need not trouble themselves, they had no luggage, nothiog but the clothes they stood up io, and tin cons for their da allowance of water. The old woman all this time was weeping bitterly, and clinging fast hold to her son, whose breast heaved violently, although he neither shed a tear nor epoke ord. It afterwards appeared, from the old man’s statemeat, that he had a son in « situa- tion in New York, and some of the passengers came forward, and oflered to be securiiy that the son in New York would pay the amount of his de- jslcation. After considerable discussion, it was egreed that if they would pay 10s. down, the | should be pomaeees oe rete Atlantic, and ro sum Was spee: re. subecription am u see ngere. Ths ended the roll call nes cormmons ad scarcely concluded whea a +mall boat from the town came alongside. It con- tuined the colored steward, who had jurnped ever- bosrd in the Waterloo deck. He sil wore his wet boots and trowsers, but had obtamed a dry shirt and jacket; he shook as if he had the ague, and his teeth chattered audibly. ‘The two"boat men had him prisoner, and entreated very ear- nestly that the inate, who leaned over the the vessel to see what was the matter, would re- lieve them of their charge. said the captain had met bim in the town, and put him ia their boat, with orders to take him out to the ship. They had been obliged to bold him foreibly down all the way, for fear of his jumping overboard and being ned. The mate remonstrated with the steward on his folly, and asked him to come on board peaceably, without 1: “such an ass of himeelt™ The steward peremptorily declined. * If you force me on > will marder me,” be enid, “fur | swear, by Heaven, | will jump overboard at the first opportunity.” * Noosense,”” suid the mate, “I must do my . Lift hia up.” “ Take care, { begof you,” said the steward, erying like a child, “*! am a mas. | am ruptured already, and 1 t to go to the hos- ital. Do not commit murder by omy me on Ceara. 1 know you are only ir duty; but Cen't, don’t, don’t murder me.” made a dee ho held hun by the id to w | by artps, ans Ln 4 overboard, and it was with the utmost difficull at he could be retained in his seat, The mate descended iato the boat, amidst the earnest entreaties of all the passengers that he weuld let the poor man re- turn to Liverpool. It soon became evident to the mate that the steward was in earnest, aud that there was no possibility of gettiug him iate the ye Ae pa ete lifting him up like a bale of goeds, and that the determination and desperation of the man was such, that they would not taking his life by forciag him on board to bear, the mate gave up the contest and the beat returned towards Liverpool. Ti was Dow no necessity fot holding hin down, the sick man stood vp im the boat, and cap to bid farewell to the ship, and ¢ wnd the rolkeall eceupwd too much im roy visit to the Star of the West, mohe inquiries ai the «| to their ideas of the New Wor Sia it, and ther reasons for preferring the L States to the British colonies. But in subsequent visit to other vesrels that sailed within the ing five or tix weeks, more expecially the Weet Lee Ce) Ae, & Terrain’ id, Captain mt U ae Webb, ‘ropper, the "Yorketsires Cupteio Shearman, | took occa sion to enter more fully into this pert of th subject. The Weet Point sailed nearly 100 emi) of whom about 6) were Welsh ant Enghsh, and the remameder Lrieb,of the rame clase ae these which suled in the Star of the West The Iseve Webb, a splrwdid new veesel, with a double steerage, took out no less 780 souls, of * usuel the toree majority were beh ree clase cabins on rourd of this ship Se x elusively ceeupy ) by Legrheh its, the price of a berth varying from 4610 £7, while the pre paid by the Trish in the steerage dnt about a4 New Werid took out about 450 emigrants, - a coud ee than three fourthe of whom were Lrieh he Yorshire left the Waterloo Deck with nearly 400, but xe ene had room for many more, she Inid in the Mrroey for fe and ulti anited with te taderd Was ¢ cose in all the vessels that f via: ited, were Ey farm small farmers, end 3 omees eT ae the fr ~~ val oceupied occasionally a few Engheb, Ywieien! and were to be found song the steerage passengers; but grocratly eper ling, the [nish had the steec to thomestvec. On gevog down into the of the Isaac ‘Webb, on the day crigtoally Card eae frvertare, & cherecte netic seene presented iteelf. Just under the hatehway, though not within view of the peo- ple on deck, two yer men were sented, cach nyon & berrel, vehemently « to for the earner amt of a crowd of about seventy emi- gtents, composed of men and women, of afl and of attentive and delghted children, whe ro sround them = ‘These veong men were cmigrents, and pot etrage! fiddlers, picking ap a livebhood in this manner hey were i the ci@inety garb of te lite pracan'y, puehed es ln Oe TM oS tn al a hth nt le hot DA ‘and ple for formed « ring, at a little distunce. An Irish ree! was then ~ Aruddy-cheeked you: ful, granted a similar favor to an | own age, and the reel began, tion wanted in elegance, it mode joyousness. The four danced us if da business to be gone iuto with all the the soul, and with all the streagth, till mortal limbs could endure it no lo, a reviving period of repose. As soon us they we thoroughly exhausted, another party of four, in cluding aa old dame, who looked neatly sixty, stepped into their vacant places, the whole assem- blage at this time amouating to upwards of a hun- dred spectators, looking on with delichted gravity The children were in ecstacies, wn: ny of them kept time with their feet and hands to the ma- sic of the fiddlers, When this party, like the previous one, was tired out with the exertion, 4 very decently-dressed middle-aged man, with a good black coat and trowsers, and 4 clean nec cloth, stepped ferward and claimed the privilege of duncing a jig with a comely.looking woman, who was nursing her child. No sooner suid than done. His fair parmer handed the child toa wo- man who set nexito her, and was up and ready io an instant, The man danced with a vigor that | never saw surpassed ; and as I admired his evident sxtisiaction with the exercise, a young lad standing beside me volunteered the information that the dancer had originally been the manager of a large mill in the North of Ireland, und @ person very well to do in the world. He danced until his pari- ner could dance no longer, and kept up the jig by himself for fully ten minutes after ahe had slid back to her seat to resume possession of her child. | A loud burst of applause greeted him when he sat | down, and the fiddlers took a rest aad refreshed themselyed with cakes and oranges. After an in- terval of ten minutes, or a quarter of an hour, the dence was recommenced, and | left the group in the full enjoyment of their pastime. 1 was after- wards assured by the captain that such scenes were of common occurence ; and that very often the bogpipes, instead of the violin, was thesastru- ment that set the feet of his passengers in motion ‘The ex-manager of the mill, who seemed a pe of chnnideretia, tdnestian pad experience, al- thovgh so mach reduced as to be compelled by herd fortune to emigrate in the steerage with the | poorest classes of his countrymen, said he had brovght a flate with him to Inake music for his feilow-travellers on their voyage, and thought that between him and the two violonists they might manage to amuse the people pretty well, and muke the time pass agreeably on the Atlantic The scene when the [seae Webb—crowded with passengers both above and below—passed thro: the dock gates, was lively and peculiar, As usual, although the vessel was two days beyond the tine of sailing, a great number of her passengers had delayed commg on board until the last moment.— A considerable portion of those who had already placed their luggage on board, and who preferred to stroll about th wn, or sit drinking in the beer shops, to lingering in. the dark steerage, were also among the absentees—and their sole chance of get- ting on board was atthe dock gates, where the passage was not many inches wider than the deck of the vessel. At the critical moment, donkey carts laden with luggage drove up, and the rush of those belated to get on board with their goods and chat- tels, was tremendous. Thick as flies upon a honey pot, they might ve seen clambering over the side of the vessel, threading their difficult way among ropes and cordage. Here and there a womun be- coming entangled, with her drapery sadly discom- rome and her legs still more sadly exposed to the loiterers on shore, might be heard imploring aid from the sailors or passengers above. en night be seen, impeded with luggage, and hurling small cesks and boxes on to the deck, and climbing af- ter them with hot haste. Many a package, con- talnieg _property of value to these poor people, moirsed its mark and fell into the dock, whence it was rescued, and handed up by aman in a small boat, who followed in the wake of the mighty ship. Ultimately, the whole of the passengers got safely on board—elthough it is difficult to say how they managed it, amid the uproar, turmoil, confu- sion, snd pressing ef one over another, that oe- curred within the few minutes that the ship la: between the walls of the dock gate. It was as dii- ficult to pet out of her as to get in, but several vis- ‘tere took this opportunity of leaving her, and I among the number When, at last, the ship cleared the gate, end floated right out into the Mersey, her full rtions became disentangled from the maze of shipping in which sbe had been formerly in- volved, and seemed indeed to be a leviathan, he epectators on shore tookefi their bats and cheered lustily, and the cheer was ated by the whole bedy. of emigrants on deck, "who raised a shout that, I supposed, must have been heard at the distance of a mile, even in the noisy and busy thoroughfares of Liverpool. The departures of the West Point, the New World, and the Yorkshire, were cl charac- teristic. The wind and weather be: high fa- vorable on the day inted for the kitand of the West Point, I led twenty miles to seu in that vessel. We were nominally iatoige* s wale egeleh te das noe — of = ‘eat Pola were to propitious wi the sail vessel outstripped the steamboat, and we t the “ at in conversation with the passen, during short but agreeable sail of twenty oy I found that very many of them were going out to join friends and relatives in the United States who had preceded them years betore, and who had fer- warded them money to pay their = Some few were going to remain in the State of New York; but by far the ler proportion were beund for Ohio, Llinois, , and Missouri. Very few of them seemed to know whether Canada was, or was not, a British possession; not one of the Irish to whom I put the question had ever heard of Nova Scotia, Newivundians, or New Brunawick. One reepec ble-lsobing Ind, of about twenty, said he had five pounds in his pocket. He knew no person in bray phy he had heard of the State of Oto, and that land was cheap, and labor well paid, he was going thither to try his fortune. He was not, he eaid, afraid of hard work, and had no fear but that he should get on. ‘The English emigrants and the Dinich North Ameri ream socnsions, bet al me! hy it ble to either of said one sturdy man from Lin- know what's to happen io Can- bel to England, and ” it's all right in, the for my money.” This bound for Wisconsin. none Oe United States prefera we ‘lon "t ‘The ‘Trade. (From the Friend of Chine | It ia said that the Emperor of China has com- manded his ministers to draw up a report on the opium trade. This #0 extremely probable, ond it is 80 desirable that branch a were placed upon a more satisfactory we are willing to believe that important. changes are contemplated. The late Emperor w: to the opiusn trade in any form ; his sentatives, while the treaty with Sir Henry Pottia- Ker, refused to enter upon the discussion of the question in official capacity, staung ot while mF ror ree, the iy Lae not legalized. ears ve parseed since the treaty of Nant 4 pe and during value of some six millions annually into (he em- nominally illegal, though vit~ Hy the corrupt officials, who have tariff for their own profit. The fore anchor at various points on ¢! quietly sell the ‘under the pro- « license ; ie war. Possibly was openly bov; coast. His harration of the truth ; and if at umes suspected that matters were not as they ought to * and pride would alike dictate silence the mist: ken impression that the trade was by foreign powers, who would resent the copture of vessels under their . the receiving +hips were pot intertered with. it Trouk wang prince, brought up eying, now holds the arrived when ge the attention of the council A_ question which sfleets the welfare of China cannot be to 3 and thove in the those not engnged in it, are alike desirous liberations ithe cabinet at Pekin result by the Empe- ‘aoukwang never it and sold at re may have and enough, and were fiddling to the peo- | ve, not meney. After a time, a space | was cleared between decks—the emigraats, young | and old, sat down upon their boxes or barrels, or upon the edges of their berths, while the children | womaa, with all the beauty peculiar to the people of the south of Ireland in their youth, bu’ which priva- | tion and suffering do not sutler to adora them uatil the prime of their womanhood, accepted the hand of an Irieh gallant, of about fory years of age, in a very ragged and loag-tailed coat; while another damsel, not so 00d looking, but brisk and cheer- b tad about her the contro! of the police, and the inordinate sia ker punished in other countries, 1 | Pursuing a bolder course, the Emperor may de- termine to suppress the trade entirely, Le would have wo great difficulty in capturing the foreiga receiving ships at the various stutious, conlise wins vessels and cargoes, and sending the crews to the Consuls of their respective countries. And were such measures adopted, possibly the trade would be sbandoned by those who are now enguged in it But what would be the consequences? It would fail into the hands of desperate adventurers, and the coast would swarin with vessels under the ilags of verious Luropeon powers, setting the Chinese navy at defiane nd carrying on the traffic under pro- tection of their guns. No force that China could raise, would be strony eaough Lo supj the trade, and while, inextent, it was as great as ever, it Mould be accompanied with violence aud erime. ‘The evil would be increased; before two years hed elapsed, serew-propellers Would be brought into pley, and opium prove more lucrative than it now Great Britain has failed in her eadeavors to put down the slave trade ou the coast uf Africa ; her mistaken humanity has actually increased the horrors of that iniquitous traffic. If, with ber im- micnse naval power, she has been unable to put an end to the slave trade, what chance would China have in dealing with that in opium. A well appointed European vessel, with st power to propei her in calms, would set te w pavy of China atdefiance. Some good meaning people say, let Exgland prohibit the growth of the poppy in Judia, and pass en act by which itis pirucy to carry opium in a Britsh vessel, and then the j But this is a fallacy. Putting aside the question as to whether England ean, with | any degree of justice to her Indian subjects, pro- | hibit the cultivation of a plant which was grown | largely in Indian countries betore ehe had a foot | of territory in the t, and without disputing the absurdity of making any branch of commerce a | trade will cease. crime, we ask would these extreme meuoures put an end to the opium trade? Most assuredly they would not. The poppy would be cultivated else- | where, and opium which be brought to Shina under | a score of flags over ,,hom England has no con- | trol, Were England mistress of the world, the proposition might be entertained by reasoning practical minds—and not a day sooner. But the Emperor may be contented to allow miatters to rest as they now are—contented to sub- > evils with Which he fears to grapple. ying aod Lin are both in office, and inifuential | councillors. The , it is supposed, is favorable | to the legalization of the trade, were it ouly from | a@ conviction thet it cannot be put down. The | second has always been opposed to it, and we have | not heard thet past experience has modified the extreme views with which he come to Canton in 189. The whole host of officials in the maritime provinces are interested in the present unsatisfac- tory system; they will advocate the po leaving mutters as they now are. The que beset with difficulties, and the genuine friends of peace, erder and morality will look anxiously for | a solution in the determination of a youth under | twenty years of age. Aristocracy In Trades’ Unions, (From the London Times, July 29] Any unien of working men requires a certain number of active and instructed men to act for them ae their guides. The instraction needed in this case is of a deseription not very common among | working men of their class. To be a useful secre- tary, @ man must be ready withjhis pen, must be an accountant anda speaker; but a man in this sta- tion who has devoted himself to the attainment of these acquirements, and who has for a short time employed these faculties for his comrades, soon begins to dread a retura to the daily toil of the operative, and his wits, when he is once made secretary of a union, are di- rected to the means of making his existence as a secretary, @ matter of absolute necessity to his fel- jows. To this end, he finds a constant egitation amongst inen and masters of the first importaace— oodwill and confidence between these classes, he | feSeves; would render his position precarious; he therefore finds it for his interest to create and keep up illwill between the masters as a class, and the men 4s their natural opponents. Every proposal of accommodatien finds in him an astute and bitter opponent, and peace between these classes becomes hopeless, because there has been a new class by grenting licences to those who retail the drug, would bring the consumers, to some extent, under could be punished by a small fine, as druakards are | application, he received £140 sterling, inf med thi 4 hls cousla had paid into one of the bake in New one the sun of & to be draws ' either in Liverpool or Manchester. ped ines lay last, the five persons named in the letter from | America, met together at the Dog and Partridge | ton, where each received their » according te the wishes of the giver. very humble circumstances, and no doubt this pre« | sept will be very acceptable, as they have never been the owners of so mueh cash at one time, im their hives before.— Manchester Spectator. Foreign Miscellany, Alfred Tennyson has taken unto himself @ wife. He is now resident at the lakes—near to | the house of Wordsworth Mrs. Fenny Kemble (the new name, we | pose, of Mrs. Butler), is advertised to ee | Shakesperian readibg, on Monday, at the St. | James’ Theatre, London. | The Count de Neuilly, ex-King of the French, returned to Claremont. His retinue was composed of above seventy persons; and the luggage, con- | sivt { portmanteaus and bandboxes, weighed | upwards of four tons. | A Foreign Music and the Drama, Cotoone.—Amongst our last musical novelties, isa edition of the werk entitled Vollsténdige Sings , (The Complete School for Seng,) wii pellminary observations in Italian, German, aad French | | Avsrenvam.—Itis asserted in our musical cir- cles, that an artist of this eity has effected consid- erable improvement in the French hora. He has conaived @ mode by which @ transition into a vae riety of keys can be expeditiously efleeted. An- other Dutch genius has sprung up as the inventor ofa keyed trumpet of wood, intended as a substi- tute for copper; it has been favorably spokea of. But asimilar attempt wes made some years ago, at Paris, by M. Boil a musical instrument maker, who constructed horns aud trumpets en- lirely of wood, excepting the mouth-piece and rim, which were of copper, and he partially failed: Their advantage over the old trampets was cheap- ut they proved inferior to them in tone seniin.—A valuable divcovery is stated to have pee made ia the library of the Kollo-Gymnasium of this city, of several volumes of musical MSS., in good preservation,.written in the begining of the 16th century, principally by Flemish com- posers, Coreniagen.—A native composer of the Danish capitel has just produced a new work—* M arranged for the Tragedy of Macbeth.” Ti musical crities speak favorably of the compose a particularly of the witches scene.—Parw Paper. Opgssa.—The late storm we have experienced caused, amongst other damages to a very consid- erable extent, both by sea and land, our handsome theatre to be totally unroofed, and the celumas supporting the portico were destroved. Our Canadian Correspondence. Toronto, August 13, 1850. The American Visiters—The Work of the Legie- lature. In my last, I mentioned the arrival of the visitera from Butlelo, the ball, and the supper given them by the authorities of Toronto, and the review of the Tist Regiment, on Friday moraimg. The féte champetre came off in the afternoon, at the grounds around government house ; followed by dancing, | which was kept up till a late hour in the evening, the scene being enlivened by two splendid military bends It is estimated that five hundred persons Were present on this occasion, who partook ef a déjciné about six o'clock, in an immense tent, decorated with flags, among which those of the | British and American nations were conspicuous, and were gracefully intertwined Various abana toasts were given, speeches made on this occasion, and Lord E prefaced that of the city of Butlalo, wih a humor- one account of the mishaps of the Weiland canal excursion, Which aflorded ample field for humor, for there was nevera greater piece of bungling than the manner in which the steamer was mis- maneged in passing from Sherold to Maitland Had she been an American boat, or been ¢om- manded by an American captain, the veaval would have Tenched Buffalo by night fall at farthest. Bat created, whose interest it is to prevent all corapro- mise, and keep the quarrel constantly open ‘This interest on the part of their leaders has led to consequences most disastrous to the wetnies men themselves, as thereby their unions will objects ostensibly beneficial have been rendered a means of unmixed evil both to employers and em- ployed. The power which combination has in any lostance given to the operatives has been used uo- fairly to coerce the masters—fierce attempts have been made to regulate profits by the arbitrary will of the trades union leaders—the free play of capital has been veriously checked, and its beneficial in- fluences materially diminished. Most erroneous end mischievous doctrines with respect to the pro- duction of wealth have been promulgated as so many gospel truths. The workinen have been told thai they alone are the lucers of wealth. ‘Skill and capital have been deemed either useless or mischievous, and no be pment has been lost which ui achunce of rendering ef no avail both the one and the other. It these attempts had proved success(ul, the masters would have with- drawn their capital from unprofitable employments, the men must have starved. In place of being profess to be; the unions and combina- the operatives have been thus converted into weapons of offence thue, ins of rendering any service to the men they have, in se far as have been at all efiective, done nothing but evi ne ud do, to debase the chafacter of the worti end to restrict the earnings of honorable n industry. A remarkable illustr i" of this state of things bas been aflorded by the late triale at York. The first case was that of two men who had throwa a canister of gunpowder at the bedroom window of 4 Sheffield manufacturer. Luckily the attempt was not successful in its mischief. The canister was thrown at the window, fell without much injury, created alarm, and led to the detecuoa and capture of the perpetrators of the crime. Whea ome men were apprehended, « confession not sufficient for val purposes was elicited —not sulli cient for legel, but quite adequate for moral con- vietion. The criminals, who have been condemned to many years of transportation declare, that the: were hired to dethia horrid deed. Five pounds was ofiered for the attempt—twenty pounds, they say, to have been the reward of their succes= ful ¥ Had the master manufactwer been made a had his death been the result, this sum of twenty pounds was to have been the rewar § Apy man who makes such a confession renders bimeelf by the very confession unworthy of belief. 8 is evident; but circumstances have occarred which lend @ countenance to the con! 3 of these villians. A sort of minor as fe- garde the offence, was being this ternble drama was goi occurred, @ quarrel sm 4 in which, as far as we can learn, the on. A turn-out of men ready mentioned, to attempt the life of the obnux- mn Le This in Engiand at the preseot day appears almost impowsibie. Yet the evidence in of the opinion i almost irresistible, if it be | Rot quite sufficient for a legal conviction. The necessary result from such a state of things is from in plac’ ae io nal wo field, may be My he eanpta fi the ma Uinepbat if Al * maste rH it they will rain the workinen who have attained ond who erlebrate the triumph. The ver combination that is successful, will sound the knel of the working man’s heppiness. We shail have introduced the habits of the Irish tenant inw Lag- | ish life, and our reword will be the onsery. Mele cak et tama “s artlans on + eearens this great evil. aster may, also, on his part, do much to avert the mischief. “If he will wot week fra triomph, but endeavor to make hie wte ond thore of the many thousands whom his e ideatica!—it he wiillabor with aad 0: his eorkmen, instead of against them—if hy ot and, place between masters | But the terrible suspicion has arisen that certain of leaders of the working men, to ree vi Ives on the master the ms | creants above spoken of to come a distance, and persuaded them, forthe wretched reward al- the master was one of the old tory schvol, and it appeared to me throughout the day, that his edject was to defeat the intentions of the goverament, by every delay that he could interpose. Among the visiters from Butfalo, there were a number of young ladies, and 1 am very much mis- takex if those on the other side of the line are aot as suserputle of the delicate attentions of military men, 4s are those on this, and it strikes me that some of the fair young creatures of Builulo, did not sl_ep quite ag soundly the mght after their re~ turn, as they did before they left home. Tae scenes they had witn: seed were those of novelty and splei they had enjoyed the best society whieh the world ¢4n afford, for many of the officers of the British army belong to noble tauilies, and by education and intercourse with the world, are well calculated to meke an impression upon the sensitive heart of confiding woman ; and own all, they had been ived on their arrival here, with every token of 4 cordidl and hearty welcome, avd their departure with unmistakeable ex- pressions of upaflected regret. At twelve o'clock oa Satmrday, the Governor General went down to porogue Varliament, bis servants weoring their state liveries, und escorted by hix steff and a troop of dregoons. It is usaal on those occasions, or him to be received by @ guaid of henor from the regiment in garrisoa, bat owing to some mistake, one had not been ordered out, te veats had been provided for the strange guesis, who must have beea much struck with the pomp and ceremony observed im the Council Chamber on such oeeasions. His Excel- lency gave his assent to upwards of a hundred bills that had been paseed dariag the session, which were thas “ enacted, d ordered to be en roll d;" after which the 1 » a speech, in c the trip through the Weiland eamai, ot gratiheetion he experienced ov thatoe enhoncea by the opportunity which tt afloried tor an exhibition of courtesy on the part of the citizens of a neighboring and friendly mation.” Immediately after the prorogation, the viaiters from Butlalo proceeded to the wharf, where che steamer lay in Ne Sage = on board the vaud of the Canndian Lifes, which accompanied the patty from Niagara. The members of the | ment, and a large number of the most reap inhabitants, attended there, to take their leaves several of whom remained with them ll the kerchiefe, unul Gibraltar Point inte d the welcomers and the welcumed lost sight of eweh other—in many tostances, Tha ps, fore Just previous to this, her Majesty's ste: | Mohawk hed enchores, ty fi ig the Ge to Lake Lake Superior, which he vious to te Bngl ascertained th Exertlency by Lord Li , the Governor of Trinidad, whose nod is he having gooe there in 6 His uneestor (the first, | beheve, who hore | the tithe) commanded the British troops, ot the storming of Seringepatam, in 1799, where the Duke of Wellington held a subordinate commend, aad it is probably owing to his influence that the preseat rd Harrie owes bia appointment ‘There were a namber of bills pansed hnrriedly jJurt at the close of the seesion, ai which wa one authorizing the Kailt sad Company, whien had been for: |. © connect Lake Simeor, the outlet of Lake Iluron, with Lake Ontario, to change the terminus trom Toromto, should the inhabitants of this city (whieh it is very probable will be the case) negieet to subseribe the amount required 0} them to aid in completing the undertaking, und which probably will be at Whiby, Mrty-foar nuies east ot ‘Toronty by which a saving of about twetve miles will be effected im the line of railrond, and whieh will ently be much nearer Owwego and Kochesver hithy is a place of consideabie , trade already, the port ‘ure amounting to between | three and four thousand dollars wnaualty. | The lest motion that was made, previous to the | protes cn of the Assembly, was nu notice of Me. | Ret osen. that untess the ‘Amencan goveromeat | peo up et of teciprocity, in the meantime, he | should |) Goduce, next gession, an aet to impose | dificreouet duties on all from the | Unicd Stater—a measure ated to be inju- | Tourn © this Province, rather than those whom it | a itteas to aflect, us duties and taxes must be consumer. There aveeeveral measures to which | shall ad- vert jn my next, among Which are the Penitentiary ‘um—in maki | Lonatie appoiatments to whien, the pee egies f= Longton | appeers wo Io fact it vee lf every where, and Y 4 ‘ men ons ot oa coaagh tog in eonther year, the term oe oe oh hemes on Le, I ol nex’; em eet porte of Foroute, who that it re bere during the neat years, With fer- eeed by the reawi ner Of over paid offi ris, oume, intermix lnreerly partake. Asenicus