The New York Herald Newspaper, August 21, 1850, Page 1

Pree nee oo NO. 5916. ONE WEEK LATER FROM EUROPE, ARRIVAL oF THE STEAMSHIP EUROPA, AT HALIFAX. TELEGRAPHIC OVER THE Wova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Maine Lines, TO PORTLAND, NTS’ TELEGRAPD, To THE ABRIVAL OF THE ATLANTIC AT LIVERPOOL, The Quickest Passage Ever Made. THE SCHLESWIG WAR.) S2HEB BUROPHAN HARVESTS. | THE MARKETS. | DECLINE IN COTTON, We. &e. &e Hauirax Tereorapn Orrice, Tuesday Morning, Aug. 20, 1850. } | ‘The Europa has arrived. She sailed from Li- | ‘verpool on Saturday, the 10th instant, at 11 A. M. | She reached this port at half-past 10 o'clock last | night. She took in about fifty chaldrons of coal, | ‘and sailed for Boston, with a fresh northerly wind, at half-past 12 o’clock. Owing to negligence in the officers of the New Brunswick Telegraph Line, we could not get the | news in time for yesterday’s papers, although the | Buropa arrived at Halifax at half-past 10 o’clock -on Menday night. e ‘The steamship Atlantic arrived at Liverpool at midnight on Tuesday, the 6th inst. Her running time, from dock to dock, is stated at ten days, erght hours and twenty minutes, thus beating all previous passages by several hours. The steamship Hibernia arrived at Liverpool on ‘Sunday evening, the 4th inst., after a fine passage of less than eleven and a half days. The steamship Washington arrived at South- ‘hampton on the 4th, and Bremen on the 6th inst. We learn from Mr. Shaw, the obliging Purse ‘of the Europa, that the packet ships Constellation -and Parliament were passed at the Bell Buoy going ‘into Liverpool. Also, ship Anna Taft, from New ‘Orleans. Money continues abundant, at very low rates. Conrols closed steadily through the week, at 96a | 96}, till Friday, when they receded to 964. “There has been a fair demand for U. S. stocks, ‘but there ere few offering. The following quota- | tions, current at London on Friday, the 9th inst., show a slight advance :— QUORATIONS OF 4MERICAM, BTOCES on , dele abe aang | “ 108 a re Fame tO 28 Senaks “4 17d = 101g Oag . . 6 The cotton market has been quiet during the ‘week, and all American descriptions below fair have receded one-eighth. Total sales, 59,000 bales, of which speculators have taken 27,000 and ex- porters 1,000 bales. | the congratulations of the public, who fully ane ty HE NEW YORK HERA MORNING EDITION----WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 21, 1850. reached her wharf on Sunday evening, nearly twelve hours before she was expected; but this was eclipsed by the performance of the Atlantic, which hasnow made the shortest by many hours now on record. The Atlantic arrived at midnight on Tuesday, to the surprise of every body, and amid ij ciate the value of the Her spirited opposition. | news Was telegraphed to London, and appeared there on Wednesday morning. The Irish Tenant Right Conference meeting, now being held at Dablin, is said to be a noble as- sembly; and, though its declarations are somewhat staggering, its orderly and business-like attitude is augaeeuye of success. What Sir Robert Peel, over end over again, in late sessions, asked for Ireland, &@ comprehensive legislation, the conference cer- tainly offers, for their proposal is equivalent toa social revolution. In the placing of the land ia the hands of the people, if we mistake not, an agita- tion has commenced which will agitate society in lreland to its heart, whieh, until appeased by the required concessions, will engulph all the petty clans of the present government. The conference is composed of the ablest of the country. The announcement of the end of the repeal movement was premature. At a meeting, last week, the rent was declared at £28, and it is now said the society is nearly out of debt. The Gorham controversy has been breught to a close, the reverend gentieman having gained his point in every respect. Harvest operations have commenced, and the cross promise extremely well. The man who threatened the life of Lord John Russell _has been committed for trial. The Board of Trade returns, for the month end- ing the 5th of July, show an increase in the de- clared value of exportations of £427,000, as com- ared with the corresponding month of last year. he aggregate value of exports, during the first half of the present year, has been £31,778,504, showing an increase of £5,263,065, as cempared with the correspording period of 1349. The Ameriean Minister, lady, and daughter, are ona visitto the Duke and Duchess of Northum- berland, at Alnwick Castle. Itis said that the Great Britain steamship has been purchased for £25,000, and that she is to run ith passengers onthe Pacific, betweea Panama d San Francisco. France. Several of the socialists have been visited with the law's penalties for threatening the lives of Tepresentatives. ‘The cholera has nearly disappeared from Toulon. The corn harvest is now about half over, and, it is said, will not se so plentiful as was expected. The correspondent of the Globe says that the Neapolitan government has admitted, in principle, the claims of indemnity put forward by Lord Pal- meston, for the losses suffered by the British resi-- dents at Messina and Palermo, during the siege at those places, and that the enly question now unde- termined is the amount. The Minister of War has demanded another credit of 12,557,840 franes to meet the expenses of camp at Versailles, and other contingent oudays. The President is about to set out on his pr excursion through the southeastern provinces The bill for putting an end to the forced eurreacy of the Bank of France was discussed in the Assem- bly to-day, and was favorably received. renewed wonder at Liverpool. The ‘Hibernia 4,0CO Mobile and Alabama, 7)¢ @ 84; and 2,000 Sea A pres letter from Gen. Dembinski states that the Turkish government, at the demand of the Russien and Austrian governments, has ordered him to be removed where Kossuth and his com- panions in exile are confined. M A terrible storm broke over Paris to-day, and did reatdamage. The rain fell in such torrents, thet o hours the streets were impassable. The hea- vens were completely obscured, and in some bouses candles w lighted. A great legitimist conference held at Wierbaden. The delegates circling round the Count de Chambourg; M. Guizot is among the number. The Princes Lieven, Berryer, and La Rochegueguem, are also there. The conference is suppoeed to have a deep political meaning. The new law relative to (ad org” has alread had the effect of killing several of the provinei: journals, and in all cases the circulation of the Ppepers has been greacdy dimi nished. Austria and Hangary. The Vienna cabinet seem to be for peace, as nothing is talked of but reductions of the army, and retrenchment in its expenditures. The Emperet’ Nchelos Wien kase, r Nicholas an wu ordering seven men in each ope thousand of the ‘The Schieswig War. .A protocol, which recognizes substantially all <the leading views of the Danish government, was | signed in London, on Saturday, by nearly every fo- minister at the Court of St. James. A telegraph despatch, dated Hamburg, 1st inst, oatates that General Willisen has declared that he ‘will hold the Danish provinces responsible for ‘whatever may happen to those of the Schleswig- Holstien party. No change had taken place in the position of the armies. General Willisen has issued another proclama- tion,$praising bis treops, and declaring that they cannot be driven from the soil of Schleswig ex- cept by @ wecond and third battle, and they will be more bloody than the first. ‘The Danish force is estimated at 42,000 to 41,000 men. The asdor for the Holstein cause is said to be abated, at and near Hamburg. Advices from Altova, ef the Sth, state that a col- Jision between the Danish and Holstein armies took place on Friday, near Mohede, which resulted in the defeat of the Danes; the loss is inconside- rable on either side. Little doubt exists among ‘well informed parties, but that higher powers will be involved in the edjustment of this dispute, before anything decisive or satisfactory will be done. Should diplomacy not succeed, and in the next dattle, should General Willicon be victorious and cose the Hyder, Russia and England will probably interfere; and should the Danes triumph and push into Holstein, the Prussians and Hanoverians will be likely to attack them. Should it so occur that tigher Russia or England shall be compelled to im terfere, there is reason to apprehend a revolution in Germany, which her present rulers may be ua- able to control We learn from Berlin, that nearly 200 officers from variovs branches of the army, have gone to join General Willisen and the Holsteiners. Underdate of Berlin, Aug. 3, we learn that the question of a German parliament and constitution is again allowed to slumber, and in reference to the Danish ratifications, all hopes of their success are now at enend, ae Prussia and Austria cannot come to apy satisfactory adjustment. The Prussian corps of observation, under Gen. Hahn, have established their head quarters ai Bort- zelburg, reer the Holstein frontier gThe remainder of the division is continued northward along the Molstein-Sohwerin frontier England. The question relative te Baron Rothschild taking his seat in the House of Commons has been postponed to the next session, when the ministers are to introduce a new bill upon the subject. The House of Commons have, by a large majori- ty, granted the present Duke of Cambridge a pen- ston of £12/009 per annum. The Irish franchise bill, as mutileted by the ‘Lords, hee ‘been rejected by the Commons, whe | dave substituted « £12 qualitication, which, as it ia stated, adde some 170,000 votes to the Irish con- atitwencies The Algerian set for [reland has been withdrawn. The Queen and Court are to leave Londoa fer Beotiand on he 234 instant, previous to which her Majesty was expected to prorogue Parliament in The conyportion of the mew eabinet at Washing - gon in regarded, by the leading English prees, with resoh favor ‘The performances of the ooran steamers of both Bunatd's en: olin’ live, have beea the theme of I of the western vinces, and ten in | peeh one thousand ta some other to be ised for the army. The population of these dis- tiers is computed at thirty-one millions. | ‘The Sultan has decided that specimens of the | manvfectures of Turkey shall be eent to the exhibi- | tion in London, in 1851, and he has nominated a | commission of five superior fanctionaries of the | Ministry of Commerce, three Musselmen, and four | Christian merchants, to superintend the necessary | arrangements. 4 Lamartine is at Constantinople. and Portugal. ‘There is nothing new from Spain or Portugal. Commercial Affairs, Messrs. Gardiner & Co.'s Circular, of 9th Au- gust, says that the weather has been showery end variable, and retagding harvest operations; | along with this we have large arrivals of wheat | from the north of Europe. The natural upward tendency, thus caused on the one hand, has been counterbalanced en the other, and prices remain | pretty nearly as before for wheat and flour. In- dian corn, influenced by very general reports of potato blight, has advanced 6d. a 1s. per quarter. ‘To-day’s market opened very tamely. Towards the clove considerable purchases of wheat were | made at full prices, and Iadian corn was generally held for higher rates. Provisions—Beef—Fair sales at steady prices. Pork dull; prices unvaried. Bacon in active de- mand, at an advance of sixpence to one shilling on low ities. For other descriptions, stock much re ce Soul ae io; lard . Ha ° 3 cheese, do; | Besmmands Sde. 0. Sde" Gd. tice dull @ 10s, @ | 188. 6d. Coflee—Slow at decreasing retes. Sugar— — Liverpool markets are tive, at improving prices. } lolarses— | business, at im prices. | Tea—In i 1g demand for || common Con- go, at very full rates. Some qualities have ad- vanced one penny. Non cl in — wv is nominally 468 a 47s. (We give these | quotations ns we received them. The per owt. on the 2d inst. was6e. 3i.—Ep. hundred barrels common “a sold at 2s. Sd. a ot 9d. iia * juercitron + On , rem firm, 128. per cwt. tor bree Priledchnia, ; are dearer, with good inquiry. Sales | reach 600 bbis, at 30s. Gd. a Sls. for pearls, and remain firm. | Be. for pots. | Tobsaeco—Smail pateert { piieee | Oils Olive, fair late advanee. ‘Less ry, at £34. All fish oils are dail. Freights—No goods or passengers ‘The prospect of an abundant harvest is generally ood, frees for potatoes, for which corlcen nsions are beginning to be felt. The rot ported be rapidly, especially in south of Ire , ei | THE NAYRE MARKET. ' are As: ih Ullanaseer the Boat al of full three france. The latest adviose are Sth, at which time the market was quiet, but | a pesmi pte produced no ¢ il 2s z 3 - } | + Brewime, August 9, 1980. | Motwithetanct~g the large datly business im cotton during the part week, the tone of the market has been decidedly quiet, with « deoline of Yally one eighth per pound, in all desoription of American below fair. ) ebeck must mainly be asoribed to the slightly | ved weather for the growing erop, resting at the Geter ole pane ne 1s ae by the Teland, at 12% a 184, The stock of American cotton in Liverpool is estima- tod at 822.000 bales, against stook at this period last year of 663,000 bales. Passengers by the Furupa. jr and Mrs Parrett, Dr Shattuok and lady, Mr and Mre Fountain, Mr and Mrs Pearce, Mr and Mrs Colla- Bere Me and Mre Towchenaker,” Ae and Mra King, rand Mrs Stovonson, Mesare Anderson, ° Dara, D Brinel, Brown, Collam: ket, La Keating, Mosrs Dy Chadwick, Moyer and fri , Crosby, Littlejo Agloner, Mocre, Lasky, ‘Twayor, Litehfel Park, Scott, Brewn, Lenoom' iny Regveir' Astor snd friend, Fuller. Law, Sma Homan, Milln, odge, Kittric Notting, ‘oun 5 hfield, Gillon, ‘almer, Looby, Jos Hanton; Hurst, Goulding, Steiue, Woon, Waugh, Wood, Kelleper, Hofman, Thompoon, Greene, Bankt, Rovsler, Compton, Hutehine. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. Aronance:, July 24—Arr Matilda, Bost. Baisror, Aug i—Sld “Karu Yor Buemen, July 20—Arr Arstides, Feldbausen, NYork. eRe Aug 6—Arr Ohio, Phillips, NYork. Sid Scsostris, jeston. Cerre, Avg 3—Sld Mandarin, NYork. Durnin, Avg 6—Arr Garland, Garde, N York. Deat, Aug 6—Arr Westminster, NYork. S14 4th, May- \deon, Warner, NYSrk. flower, N¥erk, Gravasexn, Aug 8—~Arr Hendrik Ginavtan, July 20—Are Atk, Bos m (cld for Matyeilles); , do. Mamnurc, July %—Are Franklin, Roluits, NYork; 8th, Elize, Trautman, do. irivoxt, Ang Sarr Carthagenia, NYcrk; Elizabeth, do. ‘Aug &—Arr Bavaria, Anthony. NY ork: ly Sl—Arr Anna Maria, Dillon, NYork. ug Arr Shannon, Ludiam, NY cera ne Britton “Ruger old Zenchia, haily, N York: ty nobis, Baily, NYorl ‘July 92—arz Farmer, NYork. Mansxitiues, July 00—Arr Adine, Russo, NYork. Marra, July Arr tonsa, Boston, Boston, enstowN, Aug 1—Sld Albi: . 1 aw shot, York, (probably re). Jonstitution, mess jambu Boston. Boston The American Scientific Convention, OUR NEW HAVEN CORRESPONDENCE. New Haven, August 19, 1250. Pffects of Lightning, In the convention to-day, Professor Huvny gave an account of experiments, proving that electricity moves along the surface in case of « rhock—a needy in a coil of wire, in the interior of gun barrel, remaining un- magnetized, while one on the exterior was magnetized Me had made many experiments showing tho disper- sive action of the passing current and its track, by the magnetizing of needles placed upon a pasteboard disk. He thought that the phonomena could be préved to be owing to a high degree of repulsion iu the particles electrified by the passing spark. With respect to the remarks of Professor Olmsted, Professor Loomis said that it was generally tho case that those trees which bave no sap conduct the light- ning most. Trees with littic sap are more shattered than thore which have much. Professor Brocktesey remarked that ho had the good fortune, if such he might eall it, to be in tho meeting hoase alluded to by Professor Olmsted, at tho time it was struck by lightning. (Laughter) He then described the effect it had of throwing up the mud several feet high, and scerching the grass to some length, and about six inches in breadth. There was sipgwiar circumstance connected with this phenomens. ‘A person was standing in his shop, some seventy-five Jards distant from the meeting: house, surrou: »; yarious articlos, aud he felt the shock going throu, aint ioe pany of OR inhabitants said. at the time of jock, that the buildis Mr. W.C. Reprinio observed, that a diecharge of lightning in frent of 8t. Pa New York, there was a hich separated the c: It then left the tree and wvnt on to the iron rails in front of the church. | Professor Bacux, the President, stated that nll the phenomena which he had read or observed, in regard to the effect of the electrical rhock on bodies, explained by the high repulsion of the parts, and by the action on tho pide of least resistance. In regard to the distance at which the dirtarbance of electrical equilibrivm took place, be had hopes that Professor Henry would have described the numerous experi- pents which he had made. In case observed by himself, signs of fusion were exhibited in a theodalite placed upon a weoden stand, below & tripod used as signal in the eoast survey, the tripod Dovieg tes struck by lightning. At the distance of an eigth of mile. 8 man standing with his havd on a crowbar that was thrust into the nd, received at thetime of the striking of the tri, a very severe shock Mon of what kind of trees were most liable to be s! was diMoult 1 matances for ol cles In the facts in re, to this ques. mney, Seeepeny ben Sr Parenenu no, July 20—Sld It br Uns, July —Arr Otoar Frederic alter two days » he thought that a theory could be p! afver a three weeks’ none could be The diffioulty of in! e direction of forces from are batt fred near tl plane inthe windows, sud the frogments hed all fallen out wards. Dr, B. A. Gou.n taid that he was informed by Dr. 4, of Philadelphia. that on the occasion of a shock ping, be examined ral panos of glass which had been nd that every one of them tell on the outside. A professor in Germany had late- ly visited line which had been strack by Taheaine It struck ¥ near the siation house, where it from the top ol Professor Acanee, io his comparisos fivhen with that of other vertebrate, drew figures of eech onthe exhibition board, and created somo lsugh- ter throughout the meeting” Me said there was no oue who bas not been led some time or other, when looking at the {aoe of a friend, to soe » resemblance between it and some animal. He had seen such re- nemublance. and it had led bim to make enquizise why it waa so. Hefwas entisfied that such » thing existe, apd the unity which exists between all classes ot ver: tebrata, shows that there must be seme foundation for iNenato.) | ™ biance. We find one common structure of the face In generel. Fishes, as class. rank low. est as vertebrate; there are peculiarities in them which are not cheerved im apy other —the fins, the moveable regions shout eye, an mor ore of the lower jaw, &o,&o. The learned profes sor then described certain peculiarities in the f tion of Oshes, end illustrated them by drawings. New Haven, Tuesday, Aug 20, 1850. ties The Tontine Hotel. The American Association for the Advancement of Belence met again, this morning, at Yale ead it is understood that the business of the convention ace will oceupy the whole of thisweek. At a little after nine o'clock, Professor Bache, the president, took the chair. The ball was fully attended. Amongst the eu- dience there were great many ladies, who seemed te take considerable interest in the scientific proceedings. ‘The President announced that It would be desirable for members to give an abstract, in writing, to the Seo_ | retary, of their observations. come and accommodation. Referred to Standing Com- mittee. ‘The minutes of the Btanding Committec’s meeting were read. They recommended that the Association divide into two sections. one for geology and variation in rates or demand fer | history, and the other for physics, mathematics, sad chemistry. This recommesdation was agreed to Prefessor Rogers, of Boston, reported that the Oom_ mittey on Ticketsand Fees recommended the appoint ment of @ seoretary, to hold his office for three years, ‘et e selary of $900 per annum. ‘Hoferred to bianding The section mathematics, chomistry, then retired to 5 mig age ED ae move to Be ¢ teeyivand Professor Hublard and Dostor Barnstt, Protecsor an oral explane- tion of the Prd, te the develope Professor bbard addressed the meeting on ratile im q' other minerals, | apreenane ‘of the speelos of terrestrial | mydeco, to the Cn | plead jones. presente remark able subjects whioh opoeice 1 forms of the torreetrial of most of them, reverall: ve find the taete oven hich are ex. ded om ion over the te sprains, J. VL. Proyn, Eeq.,of the city of Albany, invited the Association to select that city as their next place ing varieties, One central dot represented the type of the species. Some larger dots represented types of w value intermediate between that of species and ordi- nary varieties. The amount of difference between the types was represented by thelr distance the boundaries of the species, we ffind which closely resemble their neighbors in t species, while their ral types both species are so nearly balanced, that it is not really a matter of much consequence on which ¢ of them the imaginary boundary line of the is drawn. An exact representation of these relat would require tbe three dimensions of space, On @ plane surface we bave only an approximation to the truth. With the boundary I'nes, we represent the aa deseribed in books; without them, we see the species as they exietin nature. If ail the examples of this kind should be enumerated, very few apeciea would remain isolated. Of such, some might be united by further discoveries; while others might remaia Msolated, since it is ® part of the general plan of organic nature that the spacos between tho groupd shall be unequal, so that some spe- cies, seme genera, some families, ehall stand quite alono, ‘The principle is not peculiar to the terrestrial mollusca of Jamaica The Naisdm and the Melinidw of the United States which have boen 0 thoroughly studied by Mr. Lea, of Philadelphia, are exactly in the same case, but the facts ure expanded over wider fe im gerd limits, The some is true ot the snails and water shells of Europe, of many groups of marine molluscs, of fshes, of birds, aud oven | of apimals. The special investigation of varieties is rapid)y filling up the gaps which were once supposed to oxist between species. Not dissimilar is the case of the human species. which graduate into each other in such a manner that the fact is often used as an argu. ment for confounding all the races Iu one species Yet it is admitted that the cifferences between the human races are much greater than between mavy distinct species of animals. Our conclusion is brietly expressed in the proposition, that spesies are of the same nature as genera; that is. are to be founded on typee, whether or net an impassable vacuum can be found between the types The second inferences on the nature of the species, and higher groups. is this. that the vatural types, are Bot susce of being wholly comprehended in a few su im each of which ali the types shall be of ex- equal ue; but that there is an indefinite ot typrs within types which are inequidistant, group. as that of species, it is practicable a given value, in another; s@ that of Cylindreila Mau- ave, it is iam ible to find species of the same value. We must either make numerous species of Leas value, or regard the group 28 one species of greater value. ‘The same doctrine was illustrated also by the oom- repens, of the genus Helix, in which the number of istinet subtypes ts very great, with Suceines, in which subtypes are {ndistinguishable Since the sab- types of ppecies are distributed with great regard to locality, it is obvious that much of the perplexity, which results from the graduation of species into each other, is avoided by those travellers who take buts few specimens from distant localities aud by those collector who are fatisfed with o single well-cha- racterized specimen of each species. Such collection uluable as exhibiting typos; but they very im- perfectly represent the relations of types: as a ataall group of human figures, of which one should be an pollo, another a Congo negro, with two or throe ether as well characterized specimens, of distinct races, would very inadequately illustrate the natural tory of mankind. It is obvious, also, that a dif- ference of opinion between any two naturalists on the question, whether a given species is a good species, does not ato ys indicate a want of discrimination in the observers. It rather indicates that the type in question is a little above or below the rank into which it ia attempted to foroe it. What shall we say now of the logical notion of ~ infine species, which would both hypothetically characterise aspecien by unity of ori- im, and require us to find an impassable gulf between species which are most closely willed? Such a doctrine oply shows how the world would have been constructed, if the philosophers had made it. We will venture to affirm that the facility of discovering such ae will Le inversely as the knowledge of the tacts. Il. Our second topic is the origin of the epecies. The common notion of infirnee species settles the ques- tion of unity or plurality of origin by definition! The fects couduct to the in! , that the existing spe- cles were introduced by the creation ef many Indi- viduals, which were modelled according to cortain ore at were most!: Dy from each oth: varieties. The preof the geographical distribution great majority of species, th | distributed, that the apace which is occupied by one of them coincides with that of the other two or more. Now. If the ciroumstancer of locality had produced the local types by modifteations of one original type of the specter, nee ail the varietios which inhabit a localit id ‘ de inconsistent with By other theory than that of an original constitutional peculiarity of character in each variety. The same general mode of distribution holds in the case of entire — Some are very local and others, more widely distributed, occupy the ground of several loeal species We have then indistinct va- rietios, distinct varieties, doubtful Py good Ppe- cies, and groups of species, and all t Intermediate t all ite, Seer ‘uni in requires the ti a whic of a epesies are the effects of locality; and although sproific types of exactly equal value do not exist, in all ps yet that the types which are exactly of w specific value were eee Soe but that those types which are more comprehensive than species had # plural origin of exaatly as many as they contain good species. Some observations on the gold land, Virginia ana North Caroll fersot WR. Johnson, of Washin, Prof. W. B. Rooxss tollowed observations upon the geological position of the ferous beit in the United States, upon the condi tons under which the gold is fou the veing at the surface and at considerable depths. I thet the direction of the suriferous oorres- to that of the old metamorphic rooks with whyoh ey ate aspociated, The quarts veins usually run parallel with the bedding of the adjacent strata, bat eceasionally in an obliquely transverse direction — often oe Se alngle, but sometimes ramifylng. wilt le evident the great mass of these igneous material rose to the surfkee between the divi planes of the taloose and micactous slates in whic! Prof, K. eal attention to the perte of im, a at deptl meteoric Near, and at ti quarts is cavernous, exhibiting the cavit the sulphuret wee iy blended. In them are fr frequently foand | anules and of it the sulphuret of iron hae been and removed. The result- sageeeen ot fron fe found collected along the rides or of the vein, forming sometimes valuable beds of wach of the gold ts left in grains or masses in the body of the quarte, In its separation is comparatively oasy, siready removed the «ol! a, which retains the gold with most tens —_ processes Prof ht. eoping in view this difference associations of the gold nar the surface jB. and at considerable depths, as it plainly the actual productivencss of the veins be exproted to diminish, after reachit th below the surface, even whilg the goid in the rook would probably be , below than at the curface : aeerr, of Boston, communi ated his re on the , developement, the spermatic nature of out the vertebrate, 3 Know that nottos has ben token by writers of certain peculiar propertios pos- | seosed by o iad formed of hog's lard, and the | common rosin of the shep. first lod me to observe end I have since of further in substances. W! a alr , #0 a6 to make a close joint with the receiver, T had been sceustomed to spply to the plate a disk of jm oy pnemngeee d tard” Win the a F 4s dering it more com engenctecbte to fo tbs inod's oma peeatley rosin. and meited them together, 1 ox the rosin would give greater to the and make it Oli the CS more effectusily, but wee cy Py YX dy the rosin was to impart to the lard » to romain in the fluid state, so thas, ins pd mained in the ° @ room moderately be: T found. also, preparation, | sg im permiabie joint the receiver, arrested vertently Beagly © yene, Fetus was discontinued, Sted, a Thad ae Thad for a much less time leather; but, om the contrary, t! tirely free from corrosion, and I have uniformly found the same to be the case sinoe, howesor the leather may have remained in centact with the This obser. vation suggested amother nad more important use of | ay oe ee for lutrioating the pistons, whieh wi of brass, and te bragp Sarees, had coonsioned me much inoony by their liability to corrode by the ne the of] ased for lubrionting on the brass. More: tendency oft the preparation to assume the by the Iriotion of the piston, made mt aed effectual application fer thi recently made «few experimen’ ing the melting point of propor ‘hone of the ingredients met Sib gene rene eatea ta ome fee rand the mai without the be Ot heat.) it softens and ro nearly approaches . a0 to ron freet - rod, at «tem iting minture. it setting wnide wing ranks, | imiota and the Kindred | ~At 90 degrees it remains tra 87 degrees, a pellicle begins to form on the surface, and soon after it begins te grow slightly viseid, and ‘as the temperature descends, it parses through diferent degrees of viseidity, like oils of difierent qualiti en, until, at 76 degroas, it becomes « & dence semi-tuid. It isan unexpected result, that the o take place ; | parent anu} addition of one part in four of rosin, whose’ melting | | point is nor 66 melting point is at 97 degre fluid, reducing its melting ting bo it ths | properties of & semi-fluld, wt a te } 16 degreev. snd even rendering tho preparation of a softer consistency than lard iteelf. wt a temperature ax low as (0 degrees, This compound of lard and rosin has. therefore, two somewhat remarkable properti 1. It prevents in the lard, and probably in all the mal oils aud fats, their tendency to generate an acid, apd thus to undergo spontaneous decomposition. A much smaller proportion of rosin than one feurth, gives to lard this property, destroying as it does the tendency of these substances to oxidation. Several Linportant practical applications result from this pro- | perty, Its or lubricating surtaces of brass or copper has alr dverted to, It is eqxally ap- | plicable to sui have fouod s very thin coatin, Siclent to preserve rusting during suanmer, even in damp situations. I usually add to it | portion of black lead, and this preparation, when | appiied with a brush in the thinnest possible film, will be fourd a complete protection to sheet iron stoves: avd pipes. The same property renders the compound of lard and rosin, « valuable ingredient in thy compo- sition of shaving roap. The quality of shaving soap | is greatly improved by a larger proporticn of-oll then | is usually employed, so as completely to satarate the | elkili; but Juch soap easily becomes ransid when | wet with water, ond suffered to remain damp as it | commonly is when in vse. If # certain propor- | tion of this compound is added to common Wind- | For soap, (say one-half its weight) the tondeney to | grow rancid is prevented. A vory soft and neceeable | shavingcompound, or “cream,” may be made by steam- ing in @ close oup & of any common shaving 80 as to reduce it to a soft cousistence, and | ing intimately with it, half its weight of o preparation, edding a few drops of some odor! substance. The same compound forms an ex water-proof paste for leather. Boots, when treated with it, will soon afterwards take the usual po- sb when blackwd, and the soles may be ka. urated with it without danger of soiling floor, as it does not rub off, while the | | is vendered, in a high degree. impervious to water The perfect solution into which rosin passes when | heated with oil, suggested the possibility of improving, in (his way, the quahty of oils used for illumination, and by its reducing tho melting point of lard, to rew. der that more suitable for burning in solar lamps proportion of 8 ounces of rosin to one gallou of ol, and applied a moderate heat, suficient to produce erfeot solution. 1 th lied two solar lamps, equal in oll reepects. the one with lard oil, the other with the same, holding the rosin in solution, and reg ting the flames sons to be as nearly ofthe eumo size as I measured. by the method of shadows, the ve intensities of light, which I found to be in favor ofthe prepared oil. This burned with ‘a flame of peculiar richness, plainly exceedi rity that trom the simple oll; but the flame of the prepared oil began to decline slowly, and s0ow lecame Inferior to the other. an effect which doubtless urose from the clogging of the wiek. I lad hoped, on account ot the perfect solution which the rosin seemed to undergo, that the compound would burn freely without encountering this impediment; but in this respect I was diseppointed, and can only say that it some means can be devised for avoiding the tendency to clog the wick. the addition ef a small pertion of rosin to lamp ofl or lard, will add essentially to its va- Jue for oe in solar lamps, by rendering it less liable to congeal. and by increasing its illuminating power. Mr Rerrixin made some suggestions with regard to the application of these principles as spoken of by Professor Olmsted. Professor Hrwny inquired whether any reduction of temperature bad been observed in the experiment. Professor Dacue remarked that the tusing point of most chemical compounds was less than that of either of the ingredients. ‘be second commynication was made by Professor Sintiman, if He exhibited a spec y. he believed to be meteoric. The other speoim from the vicinity of Pittsburgh, Pa. Professor Roo r: fence of chiort: remarked upon the fre im small Quantities, io m ecko massen, | _ Professor Looms was then heard upon the proper height of the lightning rod. Ile seid—The je prescribed Ly the French Acade: of Beienc id copied into simort all the works on electricity for determining the proper height of « lightning Tod, is that & rod will protect @ carcle whose radius is twice the height of the rod. A case recently occurred in Tallmadge, Summit county, Ohio, which appears to demonstrate that this rule is unsate. On the afver- noon of July 27th, about six o'clock, there was» es shower of rain. sccompanied by a few flashes of light- ning. Que flash was remarkably vivid, ‘was puc- almost instantly by s loud report. I in- ftant afterwards, a lar of shavings, lying on the wert ride of & caTringe war found in full biase. ‘The shavings bad recent! been carried out of the were quite dry, and as no fire had been used nity several , and no other be im which the sbavi is known pited, it is inferred to have electric discharge. with ‘that, too, where, the Keneral attraction for the lightning, This rod ap- ja socordance with the d, and be fi A poe heme an to be in ly oon ti- tion. About a ies trem the top ita break in the rod, and the ions are | together. From this point, the rod is continuows to the bottom, and enters the grownd to the depth of about three-feet, where the eerth, at the th referred to, was quite meist, The rod is ubout five-cighths of an inch in diameter, This care trates, to my mind, that it is umeate to rely upon @ rod to protect « olrole whoee ri is ones and a half the height Of the rod, at least upon the wont side being that from pitch thunder showers generaliy come in this lati- tude. Professor Hewny gave an account of mente ip Vomieuce, where a rod wi was ellde: of at yeeterday's Professor Huwny said, with regard to trees struck | lightning. he bad found, upon examination, that thers | would not be the htest mark of electricity on the | wpper branches, but it appeared to strike at the trunk, at that part from whenoe the branches spring | out, Hethen told » curtous fact of s man having been ) aod, afterwards, the on the wall es if the ting figure | electricity had gone into it. Pay iy areas a that Ww wel jo in New ven, wee very a- ar. ‘The lebtoing was vivid by ite continuity sebee than the intensity, and it was acoompanied by a con- pee, S we ae aan i im now w re was so y damage aon be thenght that le cares the clouds are very high, which {ators remifica- tica, and diminishes the sou had bad a storms ze we remarked cond! power of air, be men! ioned that her tie cokioel mgecle weed om the const survey were frequently thrown down, | while the pole was not Injured, |. Professor Ovserrnn alloded to the firt | dew by electricity. by the tm He leo mentioned the case of several tim pans belag ie | the path of the electric discharge, and that the pans } on the 0) posite side | Pr Henny enid that this was due to the ae } elation of gunpow- ‘& wot string of electricity im passing fromone pan to Professor Reonns ex how objects might be strech tn the Dehghberboed of » tighteing oon jnctor fourth communication was made by Professer of Com bridge University, om ammonia in Ld for an equal L, therefore, added powdered rosin to lard oil, in the | level of the ground, they might be presumed to afford | aacduea Sensation n+ Pi called attention to the breaking of pine truck by Nghtning ul referred this te the presence of resinous matter jo the tronk of the pine Mr. Repriety mentioned that there wasa peculiarity | ting marks on the beech tress. He said aa the form of the leaves of the pine i thaps might render it liable to the ture as low as | | | gives the num? | Of Meaioo and Peru. I ° of parts of ammonta contained im one million parts by weight of atmospheric air: 149, 1850. m”. 4 Aprils... 10-13. . “ 29-30.. Nov. 17 and Deo. 5. Moy 14-15... Deo 20-21... a e 6.. The quantity of ammonia is, ag Very muoh greater than found by previous expe meanlers, It was observed generally, though this rule was pot without exception, that the quantity was greatest when the wind was from the southwest. The simmons in rain and snow was also quantitatively do- termin The snow was tound to contain most, This fact finds its explanation in the larger abso - fare it offers to the air, ‘be iareer absorbing sur. rofessor Rocxne suggerted that the action of the acid on the glass vessels employed, and tae difference of time during which (he vessels wore exposed to this sotion, might have something to do with the diltve- ences exprosed in the tabl Professor Bisimax, jr. inquired whether the am- monia possibly present in the acid and water used, had been regarded Prof. Hioxsvoxn replied to the firet suggestion that he had in several instances, after calvwlating the am- wonia from the platinum sal as usual, ignited t same. and alter washing and re-ignition, cnioulat the ammonia again from the metallic platiaum re- la maining. and the results obtained by the two met! d'd not differ materially. To the query of Prof & man, Prof, Horsford replied that the ammonia in th acid and water ured, had been determined, anda cor- jon made from the results of the su- # given in the table. on the variation ental star je ving! xt paper the proper tion of the fun by Mr. B. Lheut Chaa. airman then called Professor ffenry t+ the chair and pre communication to the socidty on the probable period of the fundamental star, a vir He obtained an orbit @f 44 years as the most pro! radius of orbit 06 seconds of time. Professor Mirene.t. enquired the distance and pro- Dable megnitude of this invisible body. Professor O.mste» made some retuarks upon the contributions of the late Lieut, &. P. Muson to astro- nomical science. He wasa young man when be diod, and this country bad reason to be proud of bim. Professor Bache remarked upon the application of the method of least squares to physical problems—he considered this method not properly applicable, : This section adjourned after one o'clock. APTERNOON MEETING The association assembled at three o'clock, in ge- neral meeting, in the chapel of Yale College, the lee ture room being insufficient to accommodate the num- bers who were anxious to be present. ‘The body of the church was well tilled, presenting a goodly array of the fair vox. Protector Jossen Hi submitted some observa classideation Hie said all the changes going on in the subject of the earth are produced by what al] power. All the actions going on around us wo refer to mechanical power, ‘aud mechanical powur may be inferred to spiritual power. To tinction between power and foree—force is more ge- neric, Power is that which produces motion, which produces permanent changes in matter. When @ dy is in m state of power, it can pase from that state to a state of no power. If he (Professor Henry) threw an ivory ball againsta ball of putty; the putty ball would be indented, and then the whole power is used in making that indention, The learn referred tothe diferent tur- ces and velocity of cannon balls, and their power. God has so coustructed the universe that each part of it acts upon other parts. If the sun were anuib: the planet Neptune would jastuntiy movein line. Mr. Henry continued, at some length, upon mechanical power; the power o tated; the power of ti & water power, tide power, win powers; and steam asa second class pow u mals derive their — from vegetable matter must admit that there is a space around our carth which is filled with ethereal matter, that is, something that existe between usand the sun Light and heat tequire eight minutes to come from the sun to us The uestion may be asked, where does the sun recoive ita light and heat? It ta constantly kiving off ite power to the air, so we must suppose that astion of the sun is constantly goin on The Mghted ow, if i tion, there must come a t to exist. will will tail, and an night Pro aod nextaddrossed the meetit 06 views of the classification of rofessor Pace, of Washingt of some ofthe leading fenturen the as-embly his aleal power magnetiam; he exhibited some maoh\nery, ant exem- plibed tbe power of = ivaniaed coil upon te which it, as it were, in & state of im the tube of « helix, held in ® perpendicular post- It being past six o'elock, the mecting adjearved tilt nine o'clock next morming, it being mow too late to bear other communications that wero oa the list for 4 geological cabinet of ting of upwards of imnpossible tocourey any adequate idea. ‘There is beautifal specimen of crystel of cain. weighing 105 pounds. A case of Rurope; Of silver and gold ores of various are from California. There are some very extraordi- nary fossils; Trilobites from silurian rocks of New York and Ohio, which aro fossils of an oval of animals of the Fea, supposed to havolived In the earlier ried of the earth's existence, Fossils of the esiden, Filgate forest, England, huge bones of anim supposed to have existed long before the age of man. Several of those cabinets were ool- lected by the late Gol, Gibbs, and left by him for ® time, with the Yale College, but tooling » necessity for diaporing of them eubsequently, he uilerod them for ale to the Uollege, und they were purchased for $2040 But the mort extraordin: thi at haw struck my notice iss buge mass of m from ‘Texas, which was presen to Yala College by Mrs. Gibbs, the widow of the Colonel, {a 1835. "ts form to irreguiar, ite length three feat ite greatest breadth two feet four 1,635 pounds. Only fancy such meteor through the air! Lt piece in any coliection in the world, althou are masses many times larger lying in the wil ts wh reg! ‘ioh is covered with » blackish or is greatly indented, trom which itwould 7". that this mare had been im a soft state when it fell On removing the crust, the irom, on ex- poeure to moisture, becomes oxidated. It is said to | consist entirely of Irom which posssssus a high degree of maileability, experiments having been made withous di tooting nic! of any other metal This enormous mare Was found near the Red river The ti cotlege lam very fine beliding end ap, y conducted with grest rea- larity ; it con’ 21,000 volumes. There are three other [itr ing to the societies, numbering ia 000 volum The oollegs Mr. Jos. Darling, the in the lst year of his vious to the tudepea- teat at enlivened b of whem are no doubt 4 a stran firations whieh house to its indefatigable aud attentive prepristor, Mr, hen known, will always fosure s fall Movements of Distingutshed gy Mr. Clay attended Divine service at Dr choreh at Ne ) RL on dn Hon Joba Yan Buren, NY ; Capt. n N., Sig A. Fernandes Broido, Havana; Mr. A Cansds Hon Thomas Pugh, La. and twont; ee en Se ee eens nh Hon & H Goodrieh Ark; Rev, Dr. Mutohinson, F. W Boutheck, D. Pearce, Mo; Il, RO i, BM. Hayden, Coon; M N Soeott, Pia, three otbers arrived, and took rooms at the Ulim- Hotel, J, Sharplows, Phila; Henry Grant, Ky; B. A. Oar- ow. Bt Louts; 3 Gartner, Now Silane, 3 A Pg a ae diane 180 others, arrived at the ysissoten’ Hew few leet Tey 5 J H a i . Wejor'Van Dorm, U BUA, Mom. Thomas’ 8: eraey, at the ay a Jouse. ii A. dowd onde . & Valen, 2 Ty a A sadn arrived, yes- W. Wiloox, Phila M. O'Brien, Baltimore; ©. Gayle, Mobile; Kev W Reeles, New Haven, and 6 others arrived, yerterday. at the Astor louse Viscountess Rigin and family, arrived im the o! day, and cvoupy spartmests at Sanderson's ( Pines Hote United States Court. BEFORE JUDOR BETTS. Avover 2 opened court, ene cf the ship M #iner, io the slave ene | celgibt hoge wwe ‘billed, wear Otuohanet pies by lightoing