The New York Herald Newspaper, August 13, 1850, Page 3

AFFAIRS ON THE PACIFIC coast. Our Oregon Correspondence, Oxgoos Crr:, April 25, 1850 The Weather—The Extent of the Freshets—Agn. culture—Abundance of Specte—Markets—Ship- ping—Ship-building. ‘The winter has passed away, and we are once more basking in the verdure and sunshine of a lovely spring. ‘This is all the more pleasant, as we have had a pretty severe winter. Ice was formed at Oregon City some three-fourths ofan inch thick, and the Columbia river was frozen over at Fort Van Couver, and remained closed three or four days. This, for Oregon, is unusually cold. But the amount of snow and rain which fell during the ‘winter, far exceeded anything experenced by the American settlers here, as that most veritable wit- ness, ** the oldest inhabitant,” tesufies. A rather more convincing proof, however, is fouad in the fact that our rivers, on two occasions the past win- ter, reached a height not marked by any high- water mark heretofore noted by white mea, causing ‘immense destruction to mills and mull property throughout this territory. It would not be more than a moderate estimate to place the loss thus ex- perienced at two hundred thousaad dollars. This, coming on the couatry in the infancy of its trade, ‘was a severe blow; but though it has most serious! aflected the entire community at present, its ulti- mate influence will be decidediy good, in inducing ‘more caution in the construction of mill property hereafter. The spring, thus far, has been rather backward, “retarding, to some extent, the labors of the farmer. ‘The month of March passed amid one incessant storm of rain and snow. But witn the approach of April, the clouds paseed away, and Nature again be- ae be clothed in her own rich livery. But in this utilitarian and gold-seeking age, this lovely een | month will suggest a more substantial train vof reflection. Amid the rage for gold which so nerally prevails, it is in the highest degree grati- Hing to witness with what real, gooa-will our far- amers have e to work in the prosecution of their agreaionnl iehect. The farmers of Oregon have generally visited the mines, aud hiving seen she elephant, they have resumed the business of the farm with new ene! There was a fair crop of ‘wheat sowed last fall. This is being greatly in- by large fields of spring grain. There is also planted a very large crop ef potatoes; at least I would judge so from the great dem for seed potatoes, and the exorbitant prices (five, gix, and seven dollars per bushel) paid for them. It may be safely said that the amount of provisions that will be in this territery this season, the season prove favorable, will be sufficient to feed twice our present population, and thea have some-to spare for the California market. There is, however, it may be properly noticed, old wheat el on to more than bread our lation rfora year tocome; so we feel prepared to feed an -emigration of ten or fifteen thousand souls, without The superabundance of specie in the country has caused thing in the provision line to be very high. Itis however, a favorable reaction cis commencing. Since the fast news from Califor- nia, to the ‘effect that the market was abundantly prices down, holders of provisions here are begining to relax, and prices have receded. “4 ao say gy nbgend ee St coats rib.; butter, r lb.; e: per dezen ; by perseven bushels. These prices will be great- ly reduced before the summer passes. As for our lumber trade, such a fleet of **down casters” has appeared on the Pacific, as has thrown it into juite @ consternat Sawyers who, two or three tion. ‘months since, held their lumber at $150 per M., very willing to strike off the fore by an content themselves with the modest ig If lum. remain at @50 per M., it will be a glori- ous time for Oregon. It can be made at that rate, and then everybody can and will Sepenee: Itis true, however, that this luction in the of lumber has given a severe check to the in- commerce of the Columbia river. The trade ~of the Columbia has, for a long time, been held in -check by the terror associated with the bar at its But, by the mere force of circumstances, ‘these mpemanere Lm een and the trade has assumed an activi te flattering. As evidence that the bar at the mouth of the Columbia is not the horrible thing it has been re- the following facts are given as authen- cy year pee the oe instant, there , 6 ships, 30 barks, 28 brige,5 schoon- 69. There were two schooners built the year. Tonnage of foreign vessels, American vessels, from foreign rican, coastwise, 14,129; total, 16,437. of duties collected during the year, ‘he above vessels have varied in size vessels of these various hoor ms crossed one hundred and twenty-eight times ty, except one or two alight accidents. This, we Oregonians think, ces the entrance tothe Columbia on high ground, as a safe and good port. Atall events, our com- amerce has a firmer tone, and we shall anticipate a reduction in the rates of insurance to this being constructed at Astori ply between Astoria will commence running lively, money AtrHa. # 3 ye ... is a steamer _ City. ie paid it about the Net of July. plenty, and all in heart. Onxoon Crrr, May 10, 1850. ‘The Legislative Assembly—Gov. Lane—The Terri- torial Oficers—Party Organization— The Mownt- ed Rifle Corps. Oregon City. They convened on a special call of Governor Lane. The Governor being aware that his successor will soon be here, is very solicitous to have the affairs of the executive office in a snug condition. You know it would never do for the next President of the United States to leave the small affairs of the governership of Oregon in con- fusion. Mr. Holbrook, the District Attorney, is the only one of the new whig officers who has yet arrived. ‘The arrival of the others is daily anticipated. The change of officers for this Territory, however, attended with one important result. It has aroused party spirit, and will lead immedi- ately to party organization. Hitherto, the citizens of this Territory have made it a matter of duty to choke down eve! feeling of partisanship. ‘The elections ag wm Booey been cond: « wholly with reference to local and persooal consi- derations; but now all the old party ambition is roused by the removal of a democratic administra- tion, Ay ‘ ey & one _ — hig. well-being vo has Consulted in this matter. The moral and social advancement of this Territory could have been more successfully promoted by keeping the fie: and factious spirit out of the country. Passion will take the place of calm deliberation, and prejudice ‘will sit in the room of confidence. Already have i the democrats of one county organized, and nomi- nated candidates, and others will follow suit. this fell spirit “ from the vasty And t call es “ll be the first to feel its maliga effects. Territory is, out and out, democratic. A good deal of remark has been made in relation to the attention by government functionaries here on commercial Me ed The two Judges, Bryant and Pratt, are both supposed to have amase- ed large fortunes during their first six or eight months residence in ae But when the trath is known and fairly considered, it will y be conceded that these gentlemen have done nothing culpable. In the first place, their salaries main, as yet, on) ; and, in the second place, herr siaslen, whee paid, = suffievent for their Tespectable maintenance. wyers are ret in cases, at fees varying from $1,000 to t perannum, and some lawyers have more one such client. Now, if the territorial offi- cere discharge faithfully their official duties, there certainly should be no fault found with them for making fortunes, where and how they may, espe- cially while their salaries are so much below par. regiment of mounted riflemen, sent out here Jast season, is at present concentrated at Fort Van- couver. regiment is not likely to be of much service. Many causes conspire to y its use- fu . Some two or three of the most active and are under arrest, for trivial if not through personal There are three or four stand quarrels a the principal officers; and very few of the officers enjoy the bce of the oops. And then the elalty ot the di ts a powerful temptation to See ea hale hundred and twenty troops - Oy, ares, ee majori! these were back, mo or escaped to ‘alifornia ; ‘and all shat prevented the eseape of the whole, was the ‘act that they started a menth too soon, and were -detained by enow and high waters. Our Oalifernia Correspondenee. Ava Catrmere, (Warner's pane) 3 July 7, 1850. ’ The Establishment of a Ferry—Military— Deaths I Inet wrote you from Chino, giving an account ofthe expedition I am engaged in to establish a Gerry and trading post at the mouth of the Gila, across the Colorado. We arrived here with our ‘teame on the 6th. The distance is about 108 miles. ‘The road passes through one or two good ranches aad several Indian villages. This ranohois one of | thus rendering | the most noted in California. It is the first place where a civilized inhabitant can be fouad after leaving the Mexican territory in Sonora. On cross- ing the terrible desert betwixt this and the Colora- do, the emigrant has his thoughts fixed on ** War- ner’s,” with as much intensity as the storm-tossed mariner has his upon his destined port. At this place turn off such as go to San Diego, with a view of taking shipping to San Francisco. Those who ge by land proceed on to Chino, and thence to Los ngeles,&c. This rancho formerly belonged to | the mission of San Luis Rey, and here it had, in the time of its glory, extensive buildings. It takes its name from a hot sulphur spring, of singular me- rit, it is said, in the cure of scrofulas and other dis- eases. Its preseat owner, Mr. Warner, is a genu- ine yankee, and has a brother, as he informs me, now living in Middletown, Conn. He has been here upwards of twenty years. The distance from here to San Diego is 60 miles; to the Colorado 160 miles. On leaving this rancho, you go through a pass of the coast range of mountains; from which can be seen, with a good glass, the great desert, and, with a good glass, even the waters of the Co- larado. Some of our men came from San Diego last night. They report that Maj. Fitzgerald, the commandant of the forces in this section, received an order by the last steamer, from Gen. Smith, to hold himself in readiness to proceed to the mouth of the Gila, and Our Washington Correspondence. Wasuineton, August 11, 1850, Fine Sabbath—Congressional Work—Mr. Pearce and his Bul—Cowrse of Southern and of Nor- thern Members, relative to New Mexico and Californra—The full Whig Cabinet. After the excruciating and unbearable weather which has been upon us for many days past, we cen thank Heaven most devoutly for vouchsafiag to us this lovely and invigorating Sabbath day. May such delightful weather hold for a week, and as much longer aa it may be spared to us, poor sinners and sojourners at the metropolis of ,the Union Congress moves with but a snail’s pace on the California Bill. It will pasa the Senate in a day or two, but can hardly pass the House, unless the boundaries of California are reduced. ‘The Southern men will contend to the last for a division of California, so that a territory first, and then a slave State, may be formed out of the southern portion of that newly acquired country. On the other hand, the Northern men will con” tend to the lust against giving to New Mexico a establish a permanent post there. The troops, how- ever, cannot start until they receive supplies of provisions from San Francisco, which will probabl; not be for two or three weeks. Maj. Fitzgerald will Besenen there in person by and by, but not at first, as e has been ordered to Oregon to assist on a court martial, about to be assembled to try Maj. Crittea- den, for drunken Maj. C. is the same officer who gave the ce! ted answer to Santa Anna al Buena Vista, that en. Taylor never surrenders.” He has been court martialed once before for drui kenness, and ordered to be dissmissed from the ser- vice; but Gen. Taylor did not approve of the ver- dict, and restored him. ‘ The news from the Colorado is rather more pa- cific than a few days since. The spring emigration of Americans from the East has not yet com- menced. Those who have been passing are such as have been wintering at El Paso, and other pla- ces on the Rio Grande. We shall leave here in the morning, and expect to reach the river im about ten days. We go fully repared for all contingencies, shall establish a forty at all hazards. Ex-Governor Smith, of Texas, is just ahead, and will be up in a day or two. ‘The following emigrants have died lately on the road this side of the Colorade : ‘m. Houston, of St. Clair county Mo., and — Moore, from Texas; both nephews of Gen. Sam. Houston, of the U. 3. Senate. They were cousins. One died upon the desert, and the other at San Felippe. Their disease was what is called the black tongue. Of thesame train to which these young men belonged, three died during the last winter at Socorro, on the Rio Grand 'm. Brown Lee and William Thompson, of St. Clair county, Missouri, and Dr. Samuel Bay- ley, of Sevier county, Tennessee. There is a Mr. Dabner, from Texas, now lying at this rancho, ina very low state ofa fever: It is hardly possible he can survive. T.F. ‘The Celestials in California. {From the California Courier, July 1.) San Francisco probably has a population of one thousand Chinese, and this population is the most orderly, industrious and lent of any class in our city. You never catch any of the long queues in any of the haunts of dissipation, and, per conse- quence, none of them on the police books. They are poner? pretty good mechanies; some of them keep restaurants and a few trade in nick- knacks and curiosities. When lumber was scarce in the market, a large quantity was brought from Chinese ports, ready framed and matched for ten- footers. These made quite comfortable little cribs when a man was satisfied to sleep under a carpen- ter’s bench or creep into a crockery crate for pro- — ii the taper bors ars when lum- risa » much prefer r space to breathe oe, te American carpenters inhaitely pre- fer to labor upon square timber to the picayune process of coaxing together the round, crooked sticks of the celestials. We saw, the other day, some American carpenters trying to put up @ Chinese frame, but it wouldn’t do. As fast as one side rove to a perpendicular, the other side tumbled over. At last, they gave it up in despair, when a cng Chinese were sent for, and, presto! the ildimg went up like magic. The was done. No man can put Chinese frame, who dees not pep oie | Kong ieee. be arcoenny to talk to ns to coax it into 5 to pat it patroniaing’ upon the pate, to keep it in bape, until the Be, nail has driven . It would be as impos- sible for an American carpenter to put up a Chinese frame as it would be for him to make a perfect ramid of the twenty-two hundred letters of the ‘binese alphabet. Now that Chinese frames have gone out of date, the Celestials are turning their attention to a com- petition with our own ters in American ma- terial; and from their known uity, we doubt not that ina few weeks they be found es we every embryo and going into the ingle and clap-board with a perfect rush. As an evidence of the worthlessness of Chinese sticks in this market, we havé only to state what was told us for a fact. A gentleman, not long our worthy Collector, since, was railing against is fri , “WI a junrised—I have foun Mr. Colller one of the most obliging men inthe world. He allowed me throw overboard a cargo of Chinese lumber, thereby eyry ey the duties, which would have amounted to dollars per thousand, to say noth- ing of the lighterage, which would have nearly ruined me. lam ised to hear you talk so!” The lumber have brought the custom into debt ‘The Extent of the Emigration on the Pa- elfic Ocean. (From the Honolulu Times, May 22) The most prominent feature of , in our mari- time relations, has been the extraordinary number of merchantmen that have visited our port, on their way to and from California and the British Austra- lian Colonies. The visit of those bound to the om coast, with emigrants from Sydney, N. 3. W., Melbourne, Port Philip, Launceston and Hobart ‘Town, Van Biemen’s Land, and Auckland in New Zealand, has given quite a new character to our commercial transactions, and in the absence ef the whaling fleet, which this year has all but deserted the Islands, has relieved what must have other- wise proved a very dull season. The si bouad for reg lh fee ape ae a teuched ieee for water provi sof man having proved unusuall: 7 lone while thoes rtare mg have entered chielly for crews, the custom hitherto paving been, only to 1 a sufficient number of hands to navigate them to Honolulu.— ay 4 a a ge nave) pa imduced to a ere! portion their cargoes, in view of the vexatious restrictions imposed in the boring American port, and im this manner, fi os ‘6 of colonial flour, lamber and port besides lish goods, transhij i, have gone at remuperating prices; of the latter several been advertised for freight or charter, but not w: much success, and have consequently in some instances, proceeded to Tahiti and the Marquesas. From the emigrants, various parties, as laborers, mec ind tradesmen, have ventured to remain, and could they only see the prospect of leasing land and being assisted by landlords, in stocking, &c., a elass of denizens would be formed of inc le advantage to the agricultural ad- eee of the roe eg co a a appened to cross prospects of w! ies of men who have forsaken a steady i nce in Australia, prompted by the almost insane delusion of gold-secking and Ley oD One ship, the Caroline, was totally wrecked here; and the Harmony and the River Chief, it is reported, from some hitch in their cae, will be unable to ac- complish their undertekings ; and lastly, the great- est tl from jarm has prevailed « he —— the colgaice, new on the wap, rom to ving been reported that a law had passed the California Le- gislature, wring every arrival to bring a certifi- cate of |, but we have not Loy ee A containing such an act, nor have we been to : L~ vf pty 4 b — 4 remai ments for such as 0 ning, can- 9 CTY to be either numerous or i small « community. Sea-faring men, in wing or unlading, in watering, , ke, a ily in 3 there ¥- Fe A carpenters, plenty of for house joiners and more limitedly for sailors, shoemaker, painters, plasterers, &c.; and the white Fesident population, male female 80 far as it goes, would ; but the great disperse able domestics, without enc thing for the country would be to bodied tamily men on the for as delvers, fencers, ey oy carte sters, stock k Te, dec., the Australian are invaluable. e trust the hint will not be lost upon jetors. The Brazil Packet has a full cargo of timber, frem Hokianga, the chief lumber port of New Zea- land. H. BOM. ship Herald is expected to leave to-morrow, end the Ex and Investigator, exploring ships, may be daily looked for. Law Intelligence, Imrortaxt Decision.—Some time since, suits were commenced in Columbus against the Stock holders of the Bank of Columbus and other brokea banks there. The object of these make the stockholders hi yment of the bills. dene et tos Beard in the ior Court of M the decwion suite wae able for ¢ eal cases bei or was in favor of the decison in one of cepted to, and at ite recent reversed = (Ga) er, off Oh territorial government, without the Wilmot attach- ment. Upon these twe points of sectional controversy “ much yet remains unsung.” There being thirty-five Senators in favor of the admission of California, as she is, the bill can only be defeated in the Senate oe its friends. Some of them may withdraw, together with all the oppo- nents of the bill, and thus leave the Senate with- out @ quorum, and consequently unable to transact business. The other day, when the bill was un- der consideration, twelve of its friends were at one time absent, leaving but twenty-three of its friends present. The opponents of the bill had withdrawn, 80 as to deprive the Senate of a querum; but when they found that Messrs. Hale, Chase, and ten other friends of the bill were absent, and could not be found, they suddenly returned to their seats, and, but for Senator Douglass’ perseverance in moving adjournments, and calling for the yes d nays on his own motions, would have the bill. Messrs. Hale, Chase & Co., are pretty friends of free soil Caliternia, when they purposely leave their seats and y off, not to be found by the Sergeant-at-arms, in order to keep California yet awhile longer out of the Union, as a eure means of prolonging agitation and keeping unsettled the sla- question. They deserve to be noted, marked, ver Ai ¢ remembered—and they will be. The trium it passage of Mr. Pearce’s bill through the ite, is hailed here, generally speak- ing, with delight, as an omen of most favorable tent. Statesmen now exclaim, as if they had been long toased at sea, without compass or rudder, “ We begin to see land!” Mr. Pearce has redeemed himself from the po- sition he was made to occupy, on a recent occasion, on account of a misapprehension of his intentions. He now stands rectus in curia. He deserves credit, and the country will award it to him. President Fillmore has completed his cabinet by the appeintment of Mr. McKennon, of Pennsylva- nia, as Secretary of the Interior, and Mr. Conrad, of Louisiana, as Secretary of War. The nomina- tions have not yet been sent to the Senate, because te renee has not by informed Ls Pot cKennon’s acceptance of the post im. Mr. McKennon was not at his home, in Washing. ton county, at the time the news of his appoint- ment was telegraphed to his residence;_but the pre- sumption is that he will accept. He may be ex- pected here by Wednesday next. A better man as a cabinet officer, and for the Department of the In- terier, could not be named. He is one of Nature’s 7%, = ill make a popular and we wi ea r and an acce| table Rocestery ot War. Although not a man of such intellect, influence, character, Weight, and renown, as Mr. Webster, Mr. Crittenden, Mr. Cor- win, or Mr. McKennen, perhaps, yet he is a high- minded, honorable, upright man, of fine acquire- ments and industrious business habits. With a chivalric and gallant bearing, his manners are bland and courteous, without being tie or aristocratic. Like Mr. McKennon, he isevery inch awhig. Allthe members of the new cabinet be- thorough-going whigs, in unison and harmon = the Teestien the seuatry my well expect “e see a thorough- wi . As such it must Teracaiee or condemned, to its conduct and the ju nt of those who re- view itsacts. Sew: es tetany tape sees &e. will not be purposely driven off from its support, it aoe choose to support it; but they must not expect, and will not be allowed, to take the lead and mo- nopolize all the honors and prtrenage of the govern- ment. ‘The quarterly account of a Western recently audited at the General Post ‘Oftice Depart- ment in this city, shows a charge of 214 gallons of oil, for lighting said post office for three months from ist of April to lst of August, 1850! HH. tt It also that ha Saisiesitiee the. 7 tn anal wey. For Galphu the treasury example, there should be no age post between Chicago and New York. The law forbids it. The Postmaster at Chi gets his seven cent for distributing the mail for New York. distributes not to New York, but to Detreit. Detroit Postmaster distributes the same mail to Buffalo, and takes his seven per cent fees therefor. The Postmaster at Buffalo next distributes the and takes his fees also; , twenty-one per cent, same mail to New York, Total fees for distributi when the law allows only seven per cent. Jatee Hall, as I understand, will soon cerrect this Galphin operation.” Wasuinotox, August 5, 1850. Our Means of Defence-—The Militia of the Several States. From a document recently printed by order of Congress, we extract the following summary of the strength of the militia of the several States of the Union, according to official reports rendered in from the said States. The returns, however, in many cases are very imperfect, and the aggregate falls short by 500,000 perhaps, of the actual home squadrons of the ‘United States, he oe te \ iano Wo ns eas 19Leh oh 2528915 “3 — I 002 2.053 1,104 719 Vie "tion Tae irl See et ae a “Bas 3 ae 58 TR aS 6 = "= some —- — — 71238 160 679 Trl 457 2,087 15408 176,455 Ly a) an Be i — s Sm iw = BLO . = A. 7 eR wr oD | Se tae = 7 - — 3908 - 6 % ime ah my bh cove 1,700,902 41,433 35,579 55,266 1,900,783 Or, in round numbers, the aggregate force of the tes militia is at least 000 of men, incomplete retu: and none what- military table, in A Tg of ra roy our conte: armies would present such scenes as were my paralleled by the grand movements of Napoleon and the alliances ~ na him. God way ‘that such a calamity as civil war should ever us! Brown Univensrry.—At the adjourned meeting of the tion of Brown University, held Au- 2, 1860, the finance committee reported that $108,000 had been subscribed toward the fund for ing the course of studies in Brown Universi- it is one of the conditions of the subscription t not can be collected unless the whole amount ($125,000), be subscribed on the Sth day of en yy. t September next. On the other hand, it was evi- dent that, unless the conte! were commenced with next jate year, the whole plan Le ol be abandoned. , a — therefore resol’ to proceed, re! yon Wi of their fellow citizens. followi were elected:—Rev. Asahe! Kendrick, D D., of Mi University, professor of Greek: William A. Nerton, of Deiteore Col- proteaper of nesural lege, and civil en- gineering; John A. Porter, of the Lawrence Scien- pox om ry of chemistry to the arte. —, (R. 1) Jowrnal, August 5. ‘Wensren on Many.—The Boston Ree has following from its Washi) the A gentleman of this city, her soe . Horace Mann’s last letter, wrote thus to Webster :— Mr Dean Sin: Me Mana has written letter, Wasnimotom, July y Dean Brn —M . My Dean Bre yg OD T shail Bey chunks SoBe ety bim a railing soonsation. en Mistery of the Compromise Bill. {Compiled for the New York Herald ) Wasuineron, Ave. 7. 1860. Believing that it would be interestiag to the mil- lion readers of the Herald, we give you herewith a historical recauplation of th» proc: dinys upon the compromise bill beginning with the introduction of Mr. Clay’s resolutions in January last, the basis of the measure : January 29. Mr. Clay introduces hi resolutions, with an explanatory speech. Karnestly resisted on the threshold, by Messrs. Foote, Davis, Downs ,and other Southern men. February 5. Mr. Clay’s resolutions special order. Immense pressure of the people to hear Mr. Clay’s ‘ompromise regular exposition of his plan, Ladies admitted to the floor. 6. Mr. Clay concludes his great regular opemag speech on his resolution of compromise. Creat pensauion. 8. Mr. Houstin’s resolutionsin favor of the Mis- souri Compromise line, discussed by him. 11. Mr. Berrien delivers a powerful speech in opposition to the plan of Mr. Clay’s resolutions. 12. Mr. Berrien concludes his speech, with great eflect upon the minds of Southern men. 13. The President communicatesto the Senate the California State Constitution. After conversa- tion, laid over till next day. Mr. Davis of Miss. commences his speech, in opposition to Mr. Clay’s Compromise resolutions. 14. Mr Davis concludes his speech. Ultra South- em. Debate on California message. Mr. Clay contending that California ought to be considered separately. Mr. Foote urging the necessity of an omnibus tin, and moves at first a compromise com- mittee of fifteen, to frame such a bill. 15. Mr. Butler in opposition to the, admission of California. 18. Mr. Downs of Louisiana, commences his speech in opposition to Mr. Clay’scompromise res- olutions, especially against California. 4 19. Mr. Downs concludes his speech against Cali- fornia. 20. Mr. Clemens against the admission of Cali- fornia. President’s message under consideration. Mr. Clemens speaks of the danger ahead. Mressrs. Thomas H. Benton and Henry Clay are seen in secret communion ether for the separate admie- sion of Californis ierce debate excited. Mr. Clay battli ng —— Mr. Foote, Mr. Clemens and the whele South. 21. Compromise resolutione of Mr. Clay taken up. Mr. Miller speaks ia opposition to territoral governments without the proviso. Mr. Foote’s resolutions recommending ter- ritoral governments for California and the terri- tories taken up, but, after conversation, laid aside. Mr. Clay’s resolutions resumed. Mr. Miller concludes his speech on behalf of * the Proviso.” Mr. Foote’s motion for @ committee of thirteen taken up and debated. South generally in favor of it. Mr. Jeff. Davis hints at Mr. Webster as chair- man for such committee. 27. Mr. Benton, on Mr. Clay’s ssiobationg, ar- that slavery is excluded by Mexican laws from imation, and “attacks the administration as lz to the compromise. 22. Mr. Downs replied te his colleague im sup- port of. the bill 22. Mr. Soule replied to Mr Downs. Conclu- sion of his remarks applauded by the galleries, May 27. Protracted debate on the amendmen of Mr Jeflerson Davis, for protecting the rights of slave rty in the territories. a 28. Hebate continued on the amendment of Mr. Dav | 29. Death of Mr. Elimore of 8. C. | . June 3. Mr. Soule gave notice of an amendment, | | | fixing the line of 36 30 for Calitornia, bate resumed in the amendment of Mr. Davis. 5 Debate on amendment continued. bd Various Motions to insert proviso rejected | 6. Same eubjeet continued under debate. — Amendment adopted interdicting the territories from legislanng to establish or prohibit African slavery. | Mr. Walker’s amendment abolishing peon slavery rejected. Mr. Yulee’s extending the constitution and laws over the territories adopted. Mr. Bald- win’s wilmot proviso rejected. 7. Mr. Clemens moved to make the Rio Grande, all the way up, the boundary of Texas, and dis- cussed it. After debate, rejected. Mr. Benton pave notice of a motion to indefinitely postpone the iil. 8. Amendment debated for changing the boun- daries ot Texas, as proposed in the tll. 10. Mr. Benton makes his celebrated “ sarsapa- rilla”’ speech aguinst the Compromise, dubbing Mr. Clay as the old Dr. Jacob Townsend of the com- mittee. Motion to postpone withdrawn. 11 Mr. Cass defines his position, according to the Nicholson letter, followed by Mr. Dayton in oppo- sition to the bill. 12. Mr. Dayton concludes his speech, chiefly against the claims of Texas. Boundary amend- ment rejected. Mr. Turney moved to strike out the whole of the 39th section for the se ttlement of the boundary of Texas. 13. Heavy debate on Mr. Turney’s amendment. Strong personalities between Mr. Benton and Mr. Clay, the former having charged the latter with desertion of, and be jeri 4 to his original ee Mr. Coy retorted.§ Mr. Benton “ branded” r. Clay as guilty of infamous ealumpy.”— 14. Mr. Clemens moves one million, as_compen- sation to Te: for disputed territory. Rejected. Mr. Turney’: endment rejected. 15. Mr. Hale’s judicial amendment agreed to af- ter debate, relating to ** title to slaves,” &e. 17. After an raserening day’s debate, Mr. Soule’s amendment agreed to, leaving the territories the option to come io as free, or slave States, as they may elect. Message from the President, on Texas and New Mexican affairs. 18. After debate, amendment for two new States from California adopted. Mr. Jefferson Davis's amendment discussed. 19. Mr. Davis’s amendment, providing for full roving of people to take slaves into the territories, ard other sections, rejected, Proposition for re- is Texas beundary to Supreme Court dis- cussed. Long day’s session. 2). Mr. Underwood's Supreme Court amend- ment debated and rejected. Mr. Berrien’s amend- ment, limiting California to one representative, re- jected. 24. Mr. Soule took up his substitute bill, based and debated e territories forane of her. Mr. Rusk follows, in support of the Texas boundary. 2 ir pene deren his eompromise bye tiens, and explains them, providing, among other things, for several slave States out of Texas terri- tory. Mr. Walker movesan amendment to Mr. Clay’s resolutions, declaring slavery abolished in the territories by Mexican laws. March 4. Mr. Culhoun’s on the slavery (Mr. Clay’s resolutions up,) read by Mr. Large audience. Mr. Webster rose to 8) ppoint a day for pe t . Mr. Foote raises an exciting discussion with Mr. ee gry on some the dectrines of his speech of the ding day. G Mr. Walker, (on Clay’s resolutions,) com- mences his argument, to prove that, by Mexican laws, slavery is excluded the territories. 7. Mr. Walker gives way to Mr. Webster, on tent bF poenerggind Moo snp be es his jendid speech on the general question of slavery, closing with some debate with Mr. Calhoun, who compliments the conservative tone of Mr. Web- sier’s general argument. 8. Mr. Foote renewed his motion for a committee of thirteen, Mr. Walker concluded his speech. 11. President’s me: up. Mr. Seward de- livers his memorable “ © law” speech on the slavery question. 12. Mr. Foote’s resolution for a committee of thirteen taken up and debated. Mr. Turney, (on Mr. sa resolutions,) delivered aa ultra southern epeec! "13, Resolution for committee ¢ thirteen dis- cussed, Mr. Benton opposing it. Pastage at arms between Mr. Foote and Mr. Calhoun. Mr. Cal- tion, Mason. ig marks in pete te. Cox ee at's message tal up. servative speech on the slavery question, by Mr. Dougias ; but i genes d to obey instructions. i Mr, aglas ocattedes his speech. Debate on Mr. Cathoun’s doctrines, by Gen. Cass and others. 18. Mr. Badger, (conservative,) on Mr. Clay's resolutions ; opens upon the slavery question. 19. Mr. T concludes his argument, followed by considerable debate. Mr. Hale commenced a speech—abolition. 20. Mr. Hale concludes his harangue against Mr. Clay’s resolutions. 22. Mr. Dayton, (on Mr. Foote’s metion for a ane ittee of thirteen,) delivers a speech in oppo- tion to it. 26. Mr. Douglas reports separate bills for Cali- fornia, the Texas , and the territories. Mr. Hunter (on President’s California message) delivers a powerful Southern speech. — 26. Mr. Foote made a motion to give the terri- torial bills precedence over California. Mr. Benton opposed it. Exeiting quarrel between Messrs. Foote and Benton. Mr. Benton gives Mr. Foote the he direct. 27. Mr. Benton charges Mr. Foote with having falsified the debate of yesterday, in revising the reporter’s notes of his speech, and advises the Senate that, if they 40 not protect him, he will protect himself. Foote gga i 28. Mr. Chase, yeate ay resumes his re- marks against Mr. Clay ‘s plan of compromise. 81. Death of Mr. Calhoun. ‘ April 3. Mr. Baldwin, on Mr. Foote's motion to refer Mr. Bell's resolutions to a committee of thirteen, opens and clores a free soil argument, tollowed, in reply, by M: lerwood. 4. Mr. Underwood concludes his —. Mr. Webster argues in favor of separate bills, taking California tlest, Mr. Foote preaicts a dissolution of the Union, if that course is pursued. Mr. Web- ster does not believe it 5. Mr. Shields (on Mr. Foote’s metion) spoke, chiefly against the claims of Texas, followed by others. r. Clay comes out in favor of the com- mittee of thirteen and a bill. Mr. compromise Benton replied to Mr. Clay, urging the propriety of pene 8. rate bills. . Benton makes a powerful speech against committee of thirteen. r. Benton continues to battle against the committee. Mr. Webster ina tight place. Hard fighting on both sides. 2. Contest continued between Mr. Benton and Mr. Clay. ‘The South delighted with Mr. Clay, e iy Mr. Foote. 6. Further debate on the proposed committee ot thirteen. Mr. Benton inflexible. 17. Splendid field day between Mr. Clay and Mr. Benton, on the motion for the committee of thirteen, winding up with the pistol scene between Mersrs. Foote Sos, Benton. Committee of five appointed to report upon the case. Creat excite- ment. 18. Contest on the committee of thirteen ended. Mr. Benton defeated. Committee ordered 30 to 32; 8 absenices. Mr. Webster voting against the com- mittee. All the South who were present, except Mr. Benton, for it. m. Mg of in sue Bright jessrs. Clay, chairman; Cass, Dickinson, 5 ‘Webster, Pheipe, Cooper, King, Mason, Downs, anges, Bell. and Berrien. : in bill lnid om the table—24 to 23. Gen- eral subject ee beceuse some of the com- mittee were |, With remains of Mr. Calhoun, to South Carolina. ‘Thus we find that nearly five months of the ses sion were ex before the first movement was made by the te, of a positive character. With the appointment of the committee, there was avery wide-+pread confidence created, that their labors id end in the settleme: tof the controversy, and the intense excitement which had prevailed, rapidly tubsded. 5 April 22. Mr. Benton moves instructions to com- mittee of thirteén. Debate wy them. Sharp words between Mesars, Borland and Benton. Sub- laid on the table. General subjeet committee. Mr. Clay introduces the report and bills ef the co a jo en ad, " > ine it. it meets wiclest opposition from the th, and by nearly one-half the committee itself thirteen elected—to wit, Bad omen. 9. Mr. Yulee offers a resolution, asking for ¢x- ecutive information reapecting Gen. Kiley s doings Mk Coupon La an ‘of committee of thirteen, better, kngwn as the ian up and vindi- 16. Mr. Douglas radyeo vo ifine out California from the bill—lost 24 te 28. Several Sowthern sena- tors ono bill in opposition to it; Mr. Foote Ges. Foote (arnmns chown ct Se Ps 20. Mr. Clemens ’ im self defence, bate. 21. Mr. to seeure the im the territories. erqument egaimst the bill upon the line of 36 degrees 30 minutes, it to the hour of adjournment. 25. Mr. Soule concluded his masterly speech. |. Mr. Foote moved a resolution of inquiry re- specting Colonel Munroe’s preclamation to the gone of New Mexico. Mr. Douglas replied to r. Soule. 27. Mr. Webster replied to Mr. Soule, and Messrs. Foote, Barnwell, Butler, and others, con- tnued the debate to a late hour of the day. 28. Mr. Soule replies to Mr. Douglas and Mr. Webster, and Se in return answer to the argu- ments of Mr. Soule. Debate continued by Jeffer- son Davis and others. Mr. Soule’s amendment rejected, 19 to 36. Mr. Davis, of Massachusetts, commences a speech a) the bill. * 29. Mr. Davie of Mussachusetts concludes his ch, and Mr. Cooper commenced in support of | en Mn oper finished hi bin July 1. Mr. per finished his speec! support of the bill, and Mr. Upham commenced, and made some headway on the other side, when the laid aside the bill, and took up the Presiden sage on New Mexico, which was read, &c. r. Upham and Mr. Seward occupied the day on the bill in opposition to it. ' 3. Debate on the Delaware resolutions the C i Mr. Clay charges Mr. Our Massachusctts Correspondence. Amugrst, Aug. 10, 1860, Amherst College—A Temperance Lecturer—Mii Edwin P. Whipple’s Oration—Prize Speaking— Commencement Exercises—Rev Mr. Hwntunge tom's Oration—Poem, by A. B. Street, Esq., §ts ‘The beauty of this town, located within an ame phitheatre of mountains, has been made secondary, during the present week, to the literary exercises of the college commencement. The institution here ie in a very flourishing condition, and, if one may judge from the graduating class, must prove very useful to the community, in sending forth well dis- ciplined scholars to fit the various liberal profes sions The Rev. Dr. Hitcheock, President of the College, hus been absent for several months from | his post of duty and honor, and is now travelling in Treland. His health is much improved by the shenge of scene and air, and the friends of the col- lege look for his return, with high hopes for his fac ture usefulness. Prof.’A. Warner has discharged the duties of the presidential! office since Dr. Hiteh- cock’s absence, and from his urbanity of temper, mild and parental goverament, and liberal spint, has become popular with the students and with the public. He delivered the baccalaureate address on Sunday last. It was a sound and appropriate discourse, suited to the interesting occasion. On Monday, the people of the village, who would seem to prefer a groteaque exhibition of eloquenee rather than an Clevated and scholastic discourse, invited an itinerant temperance lecturer to give one of his peesiinr temperance entertaiaments in the village church. The rush for places was tre- mendous, and the enthusiastic speaker seemed to give extraordinary pleasure to his auditors. Hie extravagance of gesture—his fund of anecdote— his occasional pathos and power, were fully appre- ciated, and he was greeted with much enthusiasm. On Wednesday, Edwin P. Whipple, Esq., of Boston, delivered one of the most elegant dis- courses l ever heard, before the litersry societies of the college. He spoke for one hour and a half, without notes, bringing forth a well divided, rhe- torical and logical oration, upon the character of the American national mind. The production was given ina popular style, upon a philosophical basis, and was meee managed throughout The orator was particularly severe upon the socialists, the “come outers,” and the “ manifest destiny party. Never were they shown up with more sia- cerity of purpose, or with greater eflect. The rn le who ride on one idea were routed. The il justrations of the discourse was very happy. The three statesmen, Webster, Calhoun, and Clay, were sketched with a keen, analytical power, spoke highly for Mr. Whipple’s genius; while the oration of the discourse was delivered with a ervor and eloquence not often witnessed on such oceasions. ‘here was much applause during the delivery of the discourse, and a tempest of appre- bation at the close. The house was crowded with literary men from various parts of the country, among whom I noticed Judge Perkins, of Salem, Mass.; Rev. Mr. Parker, thefpoet; Mr. Buchanan, the tragedian, who has been here through all the exercises of commencement; and other eminent men. The galleries were thronged with and Dodworth’s band, from New York, discou most eloquent music. This was a more interesti occasion than that of the preeeding night, dev: to prize declamatione, which, however, were not without agreeable entertainment. ' The Rev. Dr. Cox, of Brooklyn, delivered am address before the “* Society of Inquiry,” on Wed- needay evening. His theme and manner of treating it gave considerable dissatisfaction. It was far be- neath the standard of productions presented om these occasions. However, there were some valu- able thoughts in it. His topic was “ ggg’ . Copnsscoment ne 8 on, Teereday ‘his is usually the great day, the tide of strangers pour- in, in like a Heod. The exercises were admirable. The best speaker was Mr. Enver, of Pepperell, in this Stat He was easy, manly, graceful, eloqi nd by giving aright direction to hie talents, will yet make himself conspicuous. Mr. Henry "Edwards, who delivered the master’s ora- tion, also was entitled to very warm approbation. Huw discourse was truly philosophical, and re- flected much credit upon the college of which he is one of the most efficient tutors. The oration and the valedictory address by Mr. Au- —_ M. Gay, of rlestown, gave- t eatio~ fact It was one of the best efforts of the kind Meritorious exercises, where all were respectable, ‘ommpromise. ton with being at the bottom of them. Mr. Wales de- fends them. Looks bad for the bill. Mr. Bell commences his memorable defence of Ola Zack's ween him and Mr. Clay, in which My tween ir. Clay, in which Mr. Clay_renews his attack upon the administration. 6. Mr. Bell continues his speech. 3 6. Mr. Bell concludes. Good deal of speculation upon bis final vote. Bill looks badly. 8. Mr. Truman Smith speaks against the bill. 9. Mr. Butler took the floor on the Southern op- position side. President dying. Senate adjourn ed. Death of Zachary Taylor, President of the United State 15. Mr. Butler resumed from where he had lef off, July 9, against the bill. Various amendments to Texas boundary provisions discussed. Mr. Benton attacks the proposition to pay money to Texas, a8 a corrupt mode of legi jon, ag auc tioneering the bill through on bids for Texas ecrip. 16. Hot debate between Mr. Clay and Mr. Ben- ton—the latter persisting that the bill was caught agente delicto, auctioneering its way through nate. 17. Mr. Benton’s amendment, extendi the boundaries of New Mexico, taken up. Mr. Web- ster speaks in favor of the bill. . Benton's comatinent rejected. Mr. Foote moves the line of 35 degs. 30 min. for California, with her con- sent. 18. Mr. Hunter the bill. Mr. Foote’s amendment rejected. Mr. King moves 35 min., but ifies it to 36 . 30 min. as ab- solute Southern boundary for California. 19. Mr. King ond Mr. Berrien make the division of California a sine qua non to their support. Mr. ng's amend- Clay fights hard for the bill. Mr. stitute 35 ment rejected. Mr. Foote moves to su! wm 30 min. Mr. Clay commences and prosecutes for four hours, to the conclusion, his final general appeal, | on behalf of the bill, with much ‘ition to con- tend with trom Mr. Barnwell, Mr. Hale and others, ore. 23. Mr. Foote’s amendment, 35 degs, 30 mi rejected. Also Mr. Turney’s, suspending the mission of California, till she agrees to certain coi ditions of boundary, &c. t. Bradbury intro- duces his ameudment for information, providing for commissioners to settle the Texas boundary, in lieu of, ne ian of the bill. 24. Mr. Bradbury’s amendment Mr bated and rejected. Mr. Mr. Bradbury's proposition. thirteen doctors, that they are beating a retreat. Debate continued to a late hour of the day. Various amendments by Mr. Benton, in liew of, or in addition to, Mr. Bradbury's, rejected; as also other motions, by Mr. Mason and Mr. Yulee. 26 Some sort of warfare continued. Sundry be ys gt i . the 5 musing theelogical controve ie tween Mr. Pratt a one side, and Ticars. | dale, Chase, and Baldwin, on the other, Rusk moves the boundary of the Rio Grande. De- | Benton boldly attacks | He charges upon the | ‘opoeed by the opponents — a may be named the orations of Messrs. Austin M. Dickinson, of Amherst; Lyman R. Williston, of Easthampton; George H. @ould, of New Dreintzees and William F. Avery, of Conway. Henry W. Bishop, jr., of Lenex, and Albert G. Beebee, of q blew York, also distinguished themselves. Takem altogether, the professors of the college may be justly proud of the results of their tuitom. In the evening, the Rev. Mr. Huntington, of Boston, and Alfred B. Street, Esq., who had been appointed, the former as orator, and the latter as poet, ry one of the secret literary societies, ed before a large auditory. ch an oration ae that delivered by Mr. Huntington was well calew Jated to enlarge and liberalize the understanding. subject of the orator was ‘‘Sincerity in Ao tien;”’ and it was admirably handled. A handsome +lusion was made to the character of the late Pre- sident Taylor, and the imitators in literature were justly deseribed with pungent witand much sly jumor. The poem was well written, but the late hour at which it was spoken deprived Mr. Street of much of that attention to which he was entitled. This cloeed the literary exercises. They have been of a very high order, taken altogether, and I do not know that any more interesting ut colleges niversary can be expected at any of our coll than that which has marked Amberst Coll ing the present week, I shall visit Yale next week, and compare the exercises or the two institutions. L. D. North American, Aug. 7.) “rom authentic statistics, gathered under the au- spices of the Iron-makers’ Convention, which an- nually assembles in thie city, we learn that of the 62 counties which the State embraced at the date of the last report, 45 contain iron works, and of the remaining 17, 9 contain abundance of iron and coal —though, owing to the absence of any cheap road to market, they yet remain untouched—Iaviag only 8 counties in the State not adap'ed to the man- ufncture of iron. ‘There are 304 blast furnaces and bloomeriee in the State, with an invested capital of $12,921, their preeent capacity is for the making of 560, tome per annum; in 1847 they made 350 tone; in 1849, 258,370 tons; in 1860, their probable make is estimated at 198,513 tong. Of the above furne- 57 use anthracite coal; have a capital of $3,221,- 000, and a present capacity for making 221,400 tons; in 1847 they made 161,391 tons; in 1849; 109,108 tons; and the estimated product of 1860 is 81,361 tons. The furnaces using bituminous coal are 7 in number, with a al of 3,000, and a = | se@t capacity for making 12,600 tons. In 1847 they made 7,800 tons; in 1549, 4,900 tons; in 1860 the make will probhbly be 3,900 tons. 4 furnaces use | coke, have a capital of $800,000, and a present ca- | pacity for ma! 600 tons per annum. In 1847 they made 10. one. SSare charcoal hot biast furnaces, with an investment of capital of 96,478,- 500, and a capacity for making 130, tons per an- pom. The make of 1847 was 94,519; 1849, 58,302; her law;”? Mr. Pratt finally admitting that he believed in it. | 27 Death of M chusetts, announced. Adjourned. 29.—Monday—Great confidence the success of the bill. Amendment to refer Texas to the Su- preme Court rejected, and various other amend- mente 3. Texas votes in danger a must be done. Mr. Dawson's amendment agreed to, limit- ing New Mexico to the west side of the Rio Grande, for the time be and with this addition, Mr. Bradbury's amendment for the commiasion- ere agreed to. The vote of Mr. Norris wanted. | To accommod te him @ clause was stricken out | from Utah, restricting her legislature from este- blishing or prohibiting slavery. All right. Mr. Clay quite at home. Omnibus running at ten knots an hour. 31. Omnibus stove in, broke dewn, dislocated, smashed Sh, soe the Committee of Thirteen land- ed among the Latter Day Saints at the Salt Lake. Such is the history of the roRe tracted, exciting, spasmodic st on the great idea of Mr. Foote, of a Thirteen, and a comeened bill apon the basis of S Clay's Cr = ; x2 pmnnennonge — answered an admiral rpose, as the me- oft the whole subj divm for at debate so 88 fi. ina better condition for intelligent action upon separate bills. Committee of Rerort oF tae Visrrino Commrrree to Waser Port Acapemt.—The report of the Board of Vie itors to the Military Academy at West Point speaks im terme of general commendation of the institu- tiow. The committee on instruction recommend the introduction of the study of the Spanish lan- Strostion for vet military oflocreeot the evidem our t ore of natural and revealed re! , of international and constitutional law, and and eloquence. 8 King, of the House, from Mas | 4, | eit in 1860 it will be 42,565. The charcoal cold blast furnaces number 146, with a capital of $5,170,- 876, and a cepacity for making 1h3. 654 tone per nnum. The make of IS47 wee 125,155; 1840, 50,655; in 1850 it will he 70,727. There are 6 b with a capital of $25,700, and a capa- city for producing 600 tons per m The pro duct for 1847 was 545; 1548, 3356; probable pro- duct of 1860, 280. The estimate for 1860, is ob- tained by deducting from the product of 1849 the amount made by such furnaces as are now idle. Of the 298 furnaces in the State, 149, or exactly one-half, are in blast (his year, and of these about one-third are making no preparations to blow dur- ing the next year he estimate for 1860 shows a decrease of 190,537 since 1847, or 49 per cent m three years. Should there be no change in the py of affairs, the make of 1861 will not exceed 100,000 tons. inthe he number of forges and petiog aie pmvnd dogg he UE Og 500, with 408 Or 8, ¥ to take 224,600 tone per nottal tons, and for 1 Of the above, there are 121 charcoal with ap investment of capital arnounting te These forges have 402 fires, ca Se ee fire per annum, or a total of tons. In 1847 they made 39, tons, and in 1849, 28,496 tons. The rolling mills number 79, with a capital of $5,564,200. contain 436 furnaces, which, at 400 tone per furnace, ives a total capacity of 174,400 tone per annum. j heir make in 1847 was 163,760 tons; and in 1549, tons. re are 606 nail machines in the State, the 000 kegs, or 36,900 p kegs, of 100 Ibe. yr be i by? to oneal ngaged conversion of iron in' annually 6,078 tone Five of these works six in Pitteburg, one in Lan- caster, and one in York. The whole number of iron works in the State ape Pee te ph 502,076 invested in lands and mac! 0 ho ing immediately 90,103 men, and 13,562 WealdeS I1.BI9 laborers not in the pay of the. iron masters, but directly dependent on the iron worke for support; meking # total of 41,616 men. Allow- ig Ore peroene so eri anwar and we have as the tion dent on the iron works 208,080, or about one-tenth of the population ef the State. In 1847, the consumption of fuel in all the iren f the State was 483,000 tons of “ ine of