The New York Herald Newspaper, August 6, 1850, Page 6

nr en or ER Se NRE ERNE re ee ~ Our Washington Correspon, e thips Obio and Georgia pay 834 per cent Wastina Angust 4, 1850. Add the expense of runing the sbips, vi A refreshing Shower- ws from Texas—-A woges ot the erew, pre 8, 860 ome a am ; The Vi aibor dues, age 0 t house due Compromise not yet despaired of—The Virginia WO sovek oe ertigiated, nt tees that, $50 00 People and t ¢ Senators—The Tariff ob solete for the present—The Cavinet Vacancies— han cari Mr. Clay's trip North, § sary delays in the various A me hiful, refreshing and wide-spread months shower, accompanied with thunder and lig + $162,000 visited this region this morning, at eight o'clock, crys and held on for two hours, clearing and purifying the atmosphere and put upon the earth an ap. 609,000 propriate and befitting Sabbath-day aspeet { Hp $1,221,000 The wise men and statesmen cong 1 he : ry ee sepgers {01 are asking each other what is to be done? The oS uae enhere defeat of the Compror was a bad move, and passengers. These, » who co: © its defeat and are yet pas nud $b tor children, those who cont t defeat and are yet 4 o proa Of $8 cach, triotic, begin ¢ error they have coninitted. WAINE es eee .$54.000 They see that romething must be done, and that | Govermnent pay. OOO speedily, or it will be too Jate! The — ts Texas, br by Colonel Howard, fourtee Dalance of expense over government pay and f Teed vr Fifteen hundred troops PiOSt of emigrate... 0.4.0... 0e esse 2142+ $087,000 rom é in, looks equally “| ‘Qhus it will be seen that the contractors will have, had been voluntarily organized to march te Santa | ot og probable expenses, more than twi ids of & 7 ‘ - of the United Si million or $67,250 each voyage. to be 1 Fe, andto bh on he United States merce and passengers, independent of the troops and the 1 >. They had pay and the profit from the Colonization nent'to Get ates Senate, is Quite evident that any further prod, b h Giuury rate of interest at 6 per cent, will be eontin- to come 1c ud they had been gent upon the success ot the enterprise in stimulating commerce with the United States at the points regular- ly touched by these steamers, The contractors have Confidence in this, and the cominittee do net doubt that their confidence will be rewarded to a ressonable ernor of Texas. Nearly ano- had been raised, The Texans here © will be fighting unless Col Mon- aceepte ther With the United States troops under him, shall extént. lily evacuate Santa Fe. Y It will be observed, that as the Colovization Society tute of things—the well known wish of the | now pay for the transpertation of emigrants to Libe- that the Compromise should be passed by ria, in failing versels, not Jess than $30 per head, the Congrese—and the general w of all patrietic proposed arrangement will make the actual cast even- men that the vexed slavery question should be set- tually less than this, even adding the amount to be led and put to rest, and the abolitionists of the Paid by the United States for this service, to the North and disunionists of the South put down, may — “mount to be paid by the said society, without estimat- induce Senators to remoddie a Compromise, in sia- ne ned receipt from mails, which will probably be gle or connec ted ue ai ur to the, defeated one, ‘he committee have accordingly reported a bill, and cerry it through both houses right away. In- tg which they ask the favorable attention of the deed, Mr. Pearce, a8 an atonernent for his late ex- Jiouse traordinary aud obstinate conduct, proposes to j malice 5s, hs bas ¢ forward a ition to-morrow, to give hel The Mexican Boundary Commissioners, lexico a territorial government, and to settle the | s sons dled color be between that territory and the State of Ar Ska, Aug. 4—10:0’clock ‘A; M. The men attached to the Mexican Boundary Com- mission embarked on board the fine steamer Gal- veston, yesterday afternoon—sailed for Port La- vaca. Col. McClellan commands the expedition ; Capt. Sutherland, of the Marines, is the Quarter- eure the approbation ‘Texas Senators and a majority If successful, then California: may i thus all the passengers in Mr. Omnibus will be carried calety through, without a fractured limb in consequence of the | upset | master and Commissary ; Mr. Shaw, of the Navy, It is time that something patriotic should be done | « s iti ; by ithe Senate on this tubjeet. Look for a mo- | #180 attached to the expedition. | The G. took on ment at the state of the public mind in Virginia, | POetd & number of big under the command. | where it is well known and cannot be gainsayed, ‘He gullant Col. Craig, of the third infantry. The ns of the people are for the passage of the whole party expect to reach their destination in Compromise ; and then look atthe course of her | #bout ten days. - Mr. R. J. Bartlett, the newly ap- pointed commissioner, will also sail in a few days. two Senators in Congress, opposing the passage of seid Comp ise, inch by inch, and all the time! “Can such things be, And o’ercome us like a summer cloud, Without our «pecial wonder !”” I feel ascured there will be no attempt to Our California Correspondence. Sax Fuancrsco, Cat., June 15, 1850, The Fire at San Francisco—The Tides—Want of Water— connect the tariff with any new compro- | Presress of the Flames—How to Extinguish @ Fire mise which may be ag’ ‘The taritl ques- | while you are Roasting—Der Machine, $c., $c. on is just now somewhat ob: 3; but when le- | Yesterday morning, as we were getting up, we heard vislated upon, or altered, it must done by itself. the ery of“ fire.” Tom, Fred and myself soon rushed tis too complicated and complex to be mixed up with any other great question. | Pees ere eri eeec te eee oe Mr. Clay has gone to Mr. Calvert's country reai- | Water is!” It was about 200 yards from shore, At dence, some few miles from this city, on the Balti- | bigh water, we have about five feet of water under our more railroad, where he will take the cars to mor- buildings. The tide here runs out eight, ten or twelve row morning for New York. ometimes, and runs in but two or three hours, It is not yet known whether the vacan cubinet have been filled or not. The fact will, no preleceny Helmrsagse 2 yetchehy by aa 1 » joubt, be known to-morrow. If it should so hap. | rity w pen that Mr. Thomas Butler Kiog should be placed Gays without amy dead low water; again, we have it at the head of the Navy Department, there will be almost all day. At the other fires, we had high water, much rejoicing in all this broad land. The whig but this time we were in a fix. None of this morning's party isforit. T ewsp. PAY ister it. ‘The county is for 1 BucMeaame, PAPER eay anything about the water Wing 2 fat from Berrien, D , and Toombs, a tit. | shore. The largest and best built houses in the city m ill make an nt Secreta have been swept by this destructive fire, All still better Secretary of War. ” | those stores that kept the heaviest stock of goods have \, Mr. Conrad, Mr. Gyer, Mr. » Would make @ eapital Perhaps the country | beem swept away. It will make the Council adopt | rome means of supplying the engines with water. A | twenty feet hole, dug at the foot of Clay street, would | not cost $1,500, High tide would fill it, and a slight | ditch keep it full at low water. If the engines could have got suction in such a place, the fire would have | been confined within the lower part o| | which it originated, although ther organized companies. engine thi r would piefer Mr. Be ® Wasurncrox, August 2, 1850. The Colonization of Free People of Color—Mail Steamers to Africa. Mr. Stanton, of Tennessee, from the Committee cn Naval Aflairs, to whom was referred the memo- water: but, rial of Joseph Bryan, of Alabama, for himeelf and | engraes would be of inttle a had yesterday, Ajl these thin, gull ‘Ubings are at present, such alow as we al ge N jas Sande! we ted to the his associates, George Nicholas Sanders andothers, | COaJi sitet ihe Bre of the att ot ‘May nee they have praying the establishment of a line of steamers from — not done anything wort entioning, nor do L expect the United States to the coast of Africa, designed them eo to do, until we nother fire. When the fre firet broke out, I went up Sacramento street, and he colonization of free persons of color, ne African slave trade, to carry the Is, and to extend the commerce of the United | Tye" States, have made a highly favorable report on the subject to the House, from which we subjoin the following extracts. After reciting the advantages of this proposed | line of steamers, in colonizing free blacks, in sup to promote informed of my friends that there was no water 5 that it would be prudent for them to immediately, although so two They were burned out. Mellur, Howard & Co's large building, | some triends to run their safes down on Li 2 ong Whart ‘The wind, blowing freshly, carried the flames acrors Montgomery stre t. We wow began to look about our own premises. Soon, the heat from the burning of the two, three and four. Valparaiso fashionod | beases on Olay street, o: d the ire cress Clay “ “ . ‘ 6 e rich “treet. Then it came down to the corner of Mon! preasing the slave trade, and in opening “the richt | Ceee -cteeet witha rea, bathign Oat Dy, tertte #r commercial resources of Afiica, such as palm oil, | the second time. These buildings were all built sioce gold dust, ive 1, dye-Woods, gums, the last fire, and were an oruament to the street, It th as followa:— | X8* ® question wh the fire could be prevented &e he plan as follows: from crorsing Montgomery street at this point. We, orat in common with ail the neighbors, sent all our par, &e, to nail on the building. Ia everything was taken out of our stores on the doc eet with r + and raits of whart spiles Instead ¢ ships {t f* proposed to make the laying on the mud flats. These, to the back or north. line consist of three. shal make monthly trips ward of us, contained piles of merchandise, thrown to Liberia, touching certain points pel) mell together. As soon as our stores were ran- in Spain, Portngs and, thus: one racked, , Tom and the restof us—about thirty will leny w ¥ at Sevan eblj to work on Sher- Warehouses. ” n passe Ul leave New Orie: ‘y with Liberty to touch et any of the | launches were all aground, and would have served as West India Iinuds, They will proceed by een 4 to train to the whole feet, Liberia, with liberty to touch at or The papers of this morning don’t give all the par- porte of the eoast of Afr rey: tiewlarsof this fire, They give enough to make the ome mort venturrome merchant ing the Mediterranean ma\ to be signmente to tl are taken to ‘The Portuguese bark Nue: ts her mainiopgailant yard, f fistance was immediately given by t by. 1tis no uncommon thing to board a veasel in this harbor and find noone on board But to the subject of ray letter, We took our stand, (Tom, Bob, and my- sell.) and «line was formed to the dock. A hole was a dip up black water aad mud, which was paced us, to —~ By Blankets with the \ the committee contains provisions. to wit :— a0 4,000 tons barthen, 0. repaid by the contractors in equal joning aud ending with the service. cordance with plans to by the Seeretary of the eof an officer to b good the tug of her side of the street from us was a pile of lumber, about 30 feet high and ebout 2) feet distant, ‘This pile was one mass We had on Tt to keep our coats from burning We could not begin to face the bara- My face feels quite sore, just by the expo- 4 half turning in thi ) the water, Some tim, painted « m the », look to-day like w plain new plee up—the heat having pealed the paint clean off This of us to work three hours after the con: stopped in the other directions, Dave tried the trnet Kach ship to be commanded by an officer of the srary provided tor by the Navy to « aid shipee toh erciee,at all times, Ay not be Ineo fiagrat the wharf tors The Seeretary also to ot, at the expence of the govern. esin the machinery and the were a trifle to windward. ey ot ten minutes, for 14 get ee hot that we would We felt particularly when the t suction on Clay street Wharf. I was I went down on the wharf to ment soch cha by that time o have to ramos pretty weil paying in © Fears of age, eh der that age traneportation of baggage be clue eepply of sailors’ rs dhe rm the other within three © contract ty thousand dollars for exact ample seourity for {, besides taking America: ntof @ ms ad ing againet the box of the eng: ie many of us The cortrect to continue Giteen years from | think of old times, That pile of lumber did not ot all the ships us maeh after that, you hed the altho ent to pay f and te With one of the ge I should have my dying mo- ort of the ships at $900,000 will be $2,700,000. this amount interest should be calculated at six percent; for, sithough the centractors will pay the Viocent Stomm in Berns Country, Pa—A government but five per cent onthe portion ady: | heavy thunder shower passed over Reading, Pa, the balanee rapplied by the contractors, must be esti- | on Sunday night. ‘Two barns were struck by the the rates in New York and New Orleans, | et cent. Six per cent will bes electric fluid, end consumed, with all their con- , tents, viz:—The barn of Isaac Koch, in Ami:y this kind of property is estimated township, near Baumstown, a large log building, | K., which were totelly destroyed. * of David Gilbert, in Colebrookdale township, near at s lower rate. | Boyerstown, which wes burned to the ground, Resides thie, an allowance must be made for repairs. | wiih every thing in it, eomprising the crops of a re a repos es P my-Fyd the | farm of 70 eres, kee. Three cows which were qubetrenen oO ee br oS it the by ard, were struck by the light hos of time, but also injury to the ships, involving Sag ood bled ary ren ai cree seeuranee for this apeeien of property ia | either property — Phila. Spirit of the bigh. The committee are informed, that the steam- containing the enire hay and grain crops of Mr. | Also the bara | re Was bo insurance tpon | Our New Jersey Correspondence. ‘ 4 Honespaue, July 81, 1350. Tepogrophical and Geological View of New Jersey. As you ere well aware, the study of our own country’s geology is a deeply interesting one, and | one, when eecompanied with actual observation, is | calevlated to impart a great deal of valuable in- formation in regard to the mineral wealth of the United States. According to agreement, | here- | with commence my series of letters, beginning | with the geological and egricultural aspect of the State of New Jersey. That portion of our country called New Jersey, lies between lat. 38 deg. 58 min. and 41 deg. 21 min. north longitude, and contains an area of 4,656,350 actes, or 7,277 square miles. The geological fea- tures of this State may be properly classed iato three genera) divisions—the alluvial aad southera ; the secondary, hilly and middle ; the northera and mountainous, comprising the pritnitive and transi- tion formations. The southern division, which is bordered on the south and east by the Delaware bay and the ocean, on the north and west by the Delaware river. The State is about one hun- dred and ten miles in length and seventy-five in breadth, with a small exception, and is almost en- tirely of an aliuvial formation. Oa the south side of the Nevisink hills, it is very seldom that the surface rises above the level of the ocean sixty feet; but those ridges adjacent to the sea rise, in some placer, nearly 310 feet, It is evident from their geological organization, that they now stand where the waters of the ocean formerly rolled, in many places resting on large beds of oyster shells and other marine relics, intermingled with clay and @ Vast quantity of sea mud. The soil ia this section is very sandy, highly colored with exide of iron. ‘The upper strata contain a reddish sand and pud™ ding stone, cemented by iron. Large rocks, and beds of seemingly more, in place of ferugineous sand stone, a more recent formation than the al- luvial below, containing sufficient metal to be called an ore of iron, ere frequently discovered. The sands of the sea shore are strongly blended with particles of 1ron ; and the waters of some of the streams, which descend from the top of the clay strata,are red with oxide of iron. Eflervesences of the sulphate of iron and alumina are sometimes ob- served; and spontaneous combustions are frequent- ly noticed here, generated in the beds of sulphuret of iron. The strata of the eastern deciivity, which is very steep, are exposed to frequent land slides. Few agricultural improvements have been made on these hills, as they are rough, broken, and covered with a thick forest, in which deer are still discovered. A most grand and picturesque view of the ocean is disclosed from their summit, and the seaboard presents an unequalled panorama, as far as the eye can reach. Though not so extea- sive, the prospect on land is no less interesting. In this hill, on the side of the Nevisink nver, some years ago, a comewhat strange and remark- able cave was discovered, which is thirty feet long and fifteen in breadth, and contains three different and distinct apartments. The roof is very low and the entrance is difficult. The upper part is formed in an arch of soft rock, through whieh there is a constant filtration of water, which perco- lates through the pores, and keeps the sandy bot- tom always damp. ‘The soil of this alluvial district is composed of sand and clay, sometimes one overlaying the other; but, very often, intimately blended, the union of which usually forms a tolerably fertile loam, which is frequently found on its northern and western borders, of a considerably varying breadth. At one point north of Salem, it is about eight miles wide; but south of that town it is found to be less than a mile. On the east of this strip of loamy soil, and west of the marsh which girds the shore of the sea, lies an unusually large sandy plain, scarcely broken by any inequality, and originally covered by a shrub oak and pine forest; but the wood from a great portion has been cut off two or three times. In this section there are many square baa wigs res he pirptipnad dwe! uman and where pare ey te and on jonally the bear and wolf. fa esnticae Sonera Sool cul tye, Yo the’ labore of the baskendaens and, in many places the deep silence of the forest is awakened by the sound of the woodman’s axe, and the dia of the forge hammer ; and the gloom ot the forest is broken by the light from the furnace and the glass manufactory. Four-t of the luvial district is covered by this immense forest, and half a century ago the general value of the land was not more than ten cents per acre. Atthattime there was but a limited demand for timber, the more substantial, such as oak and hickory, being preferred for architectural Flyway and tl was thought to be worth than the expense of clearing. But when furnaces and glass manufacto- ries were established, the woodlands in their loca- tioas became quite valuable; and, when the in- creased number of steamboats first lined the Dela- ware, the wood from the interior of New Jersey be- in value, and in a few years its ‘The demand for such fuel 3; the former almost worthless pine lands rapidly advanced in value ; and the once idle inhabitants of the sea-shore,aveiled themselves: of the moment, and found abundant and profitable employment in supplying the growing demands, Since then, anthracite coal has been introduced, which [ia far superior ag a fuel, and fthe con- sumption of oak wood has been greatly diminished in consequence, but a@ larger amount of pine wood hes been called for, for the purpose of igniting the fossil. The portable culinary furnace en! ‘dthe demend to a greater degree, as thousands of these useful articles are, during the summer, fed by char- coal. All these circumstances combined, fave yrodwced an entire revolution in the value of pine Tins. ‘The former price of ten cents an acre, has been inereased to ten dollars ; aod where the land is conveniently situated to the market, it is now worth from to fifly dollars an acre. From four to twenty feet below the surface of the foil, throughout a great portion of the alluvial dis tiet, is found a of greenish blue earth, mix- e¢ with shells, ing a good quality of marl. This substance renders this section of — doubly valuable, in an agricultural point of view, in consequence of its being used as a manure, to re~ claim the soil of the more sandy portions of the die triet. The quality of marl, as a manure, is lime, and its value is diminwshed, proportion t) the amount of calcareous matter contains. There are maris of a purer nature than any Bay can Ls _) the State T.4 be] Jersey ; jersey mar) nown as clay AD stone maris. the fell marlis composed of matter in — bo a4 de- tees of combination, it not unfrequently hap- pens that bones of marine and lend and thells are found imbeded in it, such as the bones of the rhinoceros, elephant's teeth, deers of ‘he eo ~~ a an entre kel of fieh, Tw tes, and vehvene shell: feb The b its of clay in union with eal- col bei blue, wo, red, yellowish, retains stirs Jonger than others. Inthe stone marls, sand is combined with calcareous and argil- laceous matter, which gives a hardaess in propor. tion to its quantity ; but, when it is of a thin and laminar structure, it is known es slate marl. Ail these mar #, from the clay they contain, are soften- ed by water, and if exposed to the action of the at- 'e, Soon 8 to a powder. Some suthors clase the mar! regions of New Jersey with the 8 sand formation of the United States. So far as it has yet been investi- d, it may, perhaps, be located between two ; one from Trenton to Amboy, tan Bay, the or other from Deals, on the Atlantic, through © county, to the mouth of Stow creck, on the Delaware river. Deposites of clay containing I overlay the ferruginous sand re} and @ these is an almost uniform cov- e of gray send; but, in many places, the marl, with ite peculiar fossil, is found immediately be- neath the soil. The declination of thie formation a southerly direction, and, in all probatility, BT nearly, if not quite, along the entire At lentie frontier of the United States. This forma: tion has been identified in all its localities, by simi- ore organic remains, thoogh not exist in the same localities. the Deep Cat of the Delaware and Chesapeake canal, the strata are characterized great numbers of ammonites, cept and rt multiiocular ugivelves. Such are also found a Monmouth counties of New , near New Fay, there have been twelve beds of this marl, with the ge- nera terebratnia and gryphaea. The marl is undu- roted, neor Horner's Town, end contains terebra- tulee exclusively; and, neat Walnford, the fossils ore chiefly composed ‘of exo: rae and belemnites The cwlesreove beds at Mullica Hill, in Glow. consty, contain bivalves and quantities of nites, @ nea, teredo, aleyonium, sparan- . and several 1° The minerelogical € Mr. Seybert gives the following analysis of this 1, in minute grains, loose and friable, 7 form and bluish or greenish color, often witha shade ef gray, and called gunpowder werk: silex 49.83, alumime 6.00, magoesia 183, potwrh 10 12, weter 9.80, protoxide of iron 51.53, loss $9-100 grows. The marls often contain beds of a dork bluish tenacious clay, at times mixed with the marl, forming marley clay; at other times the clay and mar! alternate, Aguin, it is found of a yellowish brown color, friable or compact, ani filled with green specks of the silicate of iron. A nomber of the greenish varieties are also very compect, rendering it very difficult to separate the forstls from their matrix; but the blue marls, which are friable, very frequently contain an ex- ps re large proportion of mica, in minute cules, Be ds of silicious gravel, the pebbles varying from the size of coarse sand to one and two inches ia diameter, cemented together by oxide and phos- phate of iron, and containing fossils similar to those above described. The most notorious of these marl pits ere at Moliea Hill, A number of the blue marls, which strongly eflervesce with acids, contain but five per centum of lime ; still, in some parts, there are to be found large beds of caleareous matls which contain forty per cent, the remainder being silex, iron, &c., blended with a hard subcrystalline limestone, filled with zeo- phytes. All these diversified appearances pass, by insensible degrees, into each other, exhibiting al- most en endless variety of mineralogical charac- ters. Iron pyrites are found abundantly in these beds; and im the calcareous pits there are amber, chert, retinasphalt, lignite, and minute spherical masses of a dark green color, compact texture, somewhat analogous to, or resembling, those which are found in the green sands of France. From every indication, it does not appear that their formation is organic, although they have been found, in many instances, to contain the teeth of the shark, or a small shell, for a nucleus. Spheri- cal bodies of ae dimensions are also found. Thus have | briefly sketched a Peat tolerable description of the alluvial division of the geological formation of the State of New Jersey; and as the quality of the mar] which forms the most valu- able portion of this division, varies greatly in its character, I have concluded to devote this letter to it more particularly. In Monmouth county, a little below the Shrewsbury river, there is marl so strong that five cart-loads the acre are sufficient to spread over the land advantageously, while in other places it is so weak as to require from twen- ty toone hundred loads to answer the same pur- pose. So beneticial has it been in some places, thaf it has been the means of saving some districts from depopulation, and of increasing the number of inbabitauts in others, and bids fair, at no distant day, to convert the sandy pine deserts into rich agoeetussl districts. hreughout this region extensive beds of the variety of argillaceous oxide of iron, or bog ore, are common, which, when mixed with due propor- tions of mountain ore, in the furnace, makes good iron for soning one the forge. From these furnaces, and those of the glass houses, fed by woed from the forests, a considerable portion of the annually growing wealth of the district is derived; and, if we add to these, the cord wood, lumber, &c., we shall have enumerated the chief sources of the prosperity of this section of the arf The whole district is quite well watered, and may in lime, with a suitable degree of yeaa develop rich fields for all departments of enterprise. Among & vast proportion of the inhabitants of the southern division of this State, their oc- cupations are sgricultural ; and, in be Br oy it, we find that soil best adapted to the cul- tivation of grass and grain, particularly corn, oats and rye, 18 of a loamy character ; though the over which a good supoly of marl is ood crops of grain ass. Where e ave tolerably facilities for con- veying their produce to market, they avail them- eelves of an extensive cultivation of truck farms, and large quantities of early potatoes, fruit, melons, &c. In the interior of the country, where the inhabitants have no direct communication with the city of New York or Phildelphia, they feed all their grain to cattle, and by this means they raise eee Cine deck’ tect ch pak te aaa West Jersey. at inducements to enter- eed and industry constantly operating in the mar- ets upon the borders of this section, have already produced wonderful effects, and cannot fxil to ex- cite the inbabitants to still greater efforts to im- prove the advantages they have in their prossession. My next communication will contain a descrip- tion of the second formation ef the State, and the second division of its geology. D. W. B. Our Louisiana Correspondence. Pass Curistian, (near New Orleans,) La., July 26th, 1850. The Cotton Crop—Its Condition and Prospects. ‘The most common and engrossing topic of con- versation here, is the condition and prospect of the otton crop, on which subject I notice you are dis- osed to state as fairly as you possibly can, any and all facts bearing on the question—and you have really done some good in putting down the absurd and ignorant assertioas and ridiculous opinions put forth by the young brood of cotton spinners’ agents, who are sent out to our southern cities, as also by areckless set of croakers and loud talkers, hike your Virginia friend, who was random eneugh in his talk, but rather slow in backing his (feigned) opinions. ‘The agricultural interests in the South really need some judicious print to expose, by truth and facts, all such wild and exaggerated statements made by interested ‘'s—(cotton spinners’ agents who are Theat the growing orep of ust gro’ ‘crop of cotton must prove avery short one, is a fact which scarcely any deny who have visited the cotton region. The causes of such short production you have laid before your readers every week for some time past—the principal cause however, has not, so far as ae seen, been suffi- ciently ex, iz: the stands—the very small nu cotton trees which can possibly bear. field of one hundred acres of cotton, where, with a good season,almost every tree should muke cotton, one third of the trees are entirely destroyed, and big and little, those that remain, with best of seasons, would make but a poor crop—but of those that remain not more than half in yield cotton, og to the sickly and dwarfish state of the bush. This condition of the plant mustyilone, and independent of other causes, cause a short production, sufficient to render all hope of a crop over two millions of bales out of the ques- or even with the best of seasons, from this time forth. The backward state of the crop it is but reasona- ble to senpeee must cut off the picking at least one southern parte of Missieipy, bate the ienpossiit southern parts pl, State t ty of gencral picking before the Sth to the 10th of ember. Yo's werd, the prospect and condition of the pre- fent growing crop, compared with the one now , are not near so good; and, as you are aware, with the most favorable of weather and sea- aren, Cop teas wel ener Zeatiey) moyen els will only reach about to millions. would nx beat al ing if the principal part of Louisiana and M: say all the north of a line drawn east and west from the Vicksburg, ora degree north of that latitude, 4 83 deg., were curtailed four to five weeks in tl whee season, compared with the picking season jast year. A fetter, dated 20th of July, from Tcbula, Miss., by the partner of a firmin New to » sa + bea 8 wie ‘arren, Yazoo, Hi travelling but slowh: a the mst settled oe oe M i. ppl, Cod oy — ‘ou the prospect of a crop ia the extreme wine stands: wretched—plasts small and sickly, and yards apart, the intermediate plants being killed. In a word, it is we ey to make, even with the finest weather and most beneficial season, more than one-third pamomny This region will fail much short of last year. have not seen a dozen bleoms, and those on plants situated in favered tpots. "Yea will see that these are the accounts received at this late period of owr season, and you rest aseured we cannot nake a crop of over oy to 2,000,000, even witha se equal to last; but should we or bad weather, early frost come, you nivet from this small figure. T hope you will continue to combat, with truth and facta, the wild reckless statements of the agents dents of the Manchester paper; and, ‘ou will, on all pg oy yf the such characters as the Virgi- n. You are aware how much in error the Manches- ter paper (the Guardian or Jowrnal, | tea by en | was in its statements last season, ana how har this spinners’ clique work against ov ncipal sta- ple, using the statements of these young spinners’ ogents letters. I think 1,900,000 will be about the crep, unless we have worms You will see accounts of improvement in the ctop in some quarters; there was indeed very great ry further, that bragedocio reom: improvement. In fact, if we heard of no i in the condition of the plant ue eee, we could hardly calculate on 1, ba From Tripan pe Cuna.—The brig Mary Jane, Ceptein Gates, from Trinided de Cuba, with dates to the 13th July. arrived at this port yesterday. From Captein G. we learn that the port was per- feetly healthy, and that the cholera had entirely ‘ared in the interior. All recollections of the attempted invasion had been forgotieo, and matters proceeded in their wonted course. (Quiet prevailed throvghout the island, There was no sugar in first hends, end the limited stock of molasses was held at high prices. Philadelphia North Ameriran, Avguat 5. Interesting from Texas. OUK ‘TEXAS CORRESPONDENCE. Brownsvinie, Texas, July 15, 1850. The Indians—Need of the Right Sort of Troops— Growth of Brownsville—The Way they do Things in Texas. Our quiet little city has been rife with rumors of the Indians being in the neighborhood, and, last week, a company of about 20 of our citizens, well armed and mounted, went in pursuit of the red mex, but their bunt proved unsuccessful. They returned the next morning, without having been able to see one Indian. The Indians are in large numbers on both sides of the river, and have lately been committing depredations at Davis’ Ranche, Rio Grande City, und other small places on the river. They are reported to be divided in different parties, of fifty and upwards—the whole number amounting to between five and six thousand, well armed. Our frontier is almost defenceless. Here we have twe small companies, one of light artillery and one infantry ; but the regulars are not the men to fight the Cemanches. On nearly every oceasion of their meeting them they have been defeated. The reason is, that they have to fo through all the manquvres of @ regular field batile, and are always encumbered with large wagons of provisions, &c , and themselves loaded with knapsacks, canteens, &c. Will not the government look to the defence- less state of the frontier? There should be about one thousand more horsemen stationed on the fron- tier. If our sages in Congress would think less of California and compromises, and would tura their attention for a moment to making provisions for de- fepaen Se country we already have, I think it would be creditable to them, and beneficial to the country. Let Congress authorize a regiment of mounted rangers, to be raised and stationed here, and in less than six months they would have the whole country cleared of the Camanches. Oae Texan is equal to three U. S. soldiers in fighting | the savages. They understand their mode of war- fare, and are accustomed te the climate, and know the nature of the country. I hope see the propriety of employing such men. As the case now stands, neither life nor property is safe. We dail Camanches. Our beautiful little city is quite healthy, and is growing quite fast. ave now three churches und one bank. The population is about 3,250, and it is only 28 months since the first house was built here.” The citizens have organized a patrol, and scarcely one night passes but they send a dozen rascals over the river, whe come here and watch for chances to steal. An attempt, and I believe a suc- cessful one, has been made to prevent fandangees, or public balls. They are cause of all the fights and disturbances that have lately happened. Every night six of our citizens patrol. Gambling *is still carried on toa great extent; but I believe the day for the extermination of the light-fingered gentry is not distant. The merchants and business men of the city have at length been roused toa sense of duty and their interests. The weather here has been quite warm; not a pound of ice is to be had. Ice is now worth 20c. per pound, and it would meet with ready sala at that rate. Business is dull; owing to the approach of the Indians, none will venture to come for goods frem the interior. Dry goods and liquors are sell- ing at New York prices. Living here is very high, and accommodations bad. : General Avelos, commander at Matamoras, still continues to perpetrate outra; yy our citizens who live on The Mexican side ; nang have been roused to a sense of indignation, and a revo- lution will happen soon, unless the cut-throat tyrant is removed. ‘ Should any news arrive about the Indians, I will despatch you a short epistle. Your paper is much sought after here, and is looked as the ndent, well-edited journal published in the United States, I trust you will use your va- luable influence, in the columns of the Herald, to procure for us a sufficient protection from the dan- gers that now threaten our frontier. Jury 17, 1850. By the arrival of the steamer Troy, last ev from the various places on the river, we ha’ counts of several murders committed by To- diane at Rio Grande city and other places. Point Isabel is almost entirely deserted, nearly all the families having removed to Brazos and taken re- fuge in the Quarter Master's department, on he? r- lager the approach of the Indians. City Council have passed an ordi forcing every citizen here to cod rags daty ; every one so refusing to pay $5 , each time he fuses. Four pe including the City Marshall, who were conce! the rel from jail of Kellogg, the notorious incl in horse thief and murdere: ed upon by a committee, appointed ing, and requested to change lence mie forty-ei ken; all left ; tune to Point Isabel. A on the pose of the gambling house, where the murder place, yesterday, and requested him to close his house within six hours, which request was iy with, He wasalso warned ment. = seis ‘The mail closes in ten minutes. I will write again next week should phan | worthy of notice take place. ULIAN PaLarox. THE SANTA FE QUESTION—MEETING AT GALVESTON— INDIAN DkPREDATIONS, Ke., Ke. (From the New Orleans Picayune, July 28} By the arrival this morniag from Galvestoa of the steamship Maria Burt, we are placed in posses- sion of papers from that “en fhe we A The of the 23d inst., says that the survey- on gorge ‘h left about a week before, has re- The route selected for the caaal is a perfectly seep oohy nearly cast and west, tapping the Bra- zos about a mile the race tra 2 SE permease two miles above Velasco, and entering West Bay at the point of deepest water, ‘This line is fiv a quarter miles in length, intersecting East Unioa Bayou three times, and Oyster Creek once he ground throughout presents a perfect level and smooth surface without a single obstruction. On the 20th inet., © mase meeting of the citizen of Galveston was held, relative to the Santa Fe i. Kesolved, That the titie of Texas to the whole of our territories, as set forth in the act of 1930 is perfect aad indisputable; and that by the act of anneastion, the federal goverument are for ever e-topped from calling our title in question. Resolved, That we deem it the duty of the nuthoritfes of this State to employ ail the resources, and all the force of the State if need be, to matntain the Integeity of our territory, to sa rebeliion, and to enforce the execution of our jaws throughout every portion of the entire State, Resolved, That the civil and mili government in Sedimaintnined by th sates i qorwreme ry e federal ia vie lation of (he boner and rights of Texas. ona that ade uate means cught to be taken to abate immediately thie hoe Adverse occupation of our poil. Resolved, Insemuch as the Executive has avowed that our territory will be held by the United States ‘until Congress shail otherwise direct, or the question be edjurted: that it now becomes our plain duty to every and any proposition for the sale or dis. ition of aay portion of our territory walees it aa wpon a distinct ree jon audery defined in the act of 1898. Fogo the Rio Grande Sentinel, July 19) By the arrivel in town of Green L. Suiiweil, this morning, we leara the following particulars :—Mr. adeseaniy ae about — weeks ee = this place with a party of six men, together wit! his wife nnd child, and the child of his mother-in- law, for the interior of Texas, Cincinnati, on the Trinity river. He had with him a drove of horses and mules, the most of which had escaped from him at a place a short distance beyond the Rio Colorado, known as Loma Alta. He stopped his party at this place, (where a Mexican was resi- ding with his family.) waotil he could re-col- lect his cavalleda. At abeut 10 o'clock on the morning of the 10th inst., while two of hismen were out after his missing horses, he was aroused by the report of Indians, given by another of his men, an American, named Johnson, whe immedi - &~ into the woods. The Indians surrowad- ed the house and commenced firing at it, Mr. 8 after having placed the women and children out of the reach of the balls and errows of the savages, arranged his men, four Mexicans, inclading the owner of the house, so as to repel Ce soddea cbarge by the Indians, who were concealed in the thiek chaparel. They were ordered not to fire until they could have a fair shot atan Indian The besieg- ed remained on the defensive for about half an hour, receiving a continual fire from the enemy from the hb grass and buehes which ekirted the house on allsides, Atlength aa ee the distance of about 120 paces, raised himself erect as if io see what damage their firing had eflected, when # ball from the rifle ot Mr. 8. felled him to the grownd. This shot saved the lives of the party. From that moment the Saog comand, and the Indians dec amp. ed, teking with them the dead body of their com- rade, The party in the house received no injury. On the eame evening the Indians came ripon the two men who were out hunting horses. These two men—an American, named Holbreok, and a Mexi- can, named Kefael Semaripa—were returning, when the Indians set upon them. The Mexican charged through them ond escaped, receiving ia the act a ball wound in the side and an arrow plaat- ed deep into bis back, neat the shoulders. | ol. brock, rt is supposed, wes killed, as the last that wae seen of hun by Kafeet was while in the hounds of four of the savages, who were taking bim from his horse and strippwg him of his cletaing. Mr. 8. after having endured ineredible hardalips and fatigue, errived sefely in town with his fimily Twe of his horses were killed at the hose daring the fight, ond he was Sabet to harness wild mules toh wagon, which he made his way, hear of some murder committed by the | Congress will | with difficulty, to the herding pen of Don Santiago Flores. After entertaining Mr. 5. and his party during the night, he furvished them an escort, whe, vecompanied them to within a few miles of this city. ’ ‘The Island of Juan Pernanden ITS KESUUKCES+ POSITION, ANU PRODUCTS. A correrpoudent of the New Orleans Picayune of the 28th ult., speakioy ofthe isiind of Juaa Berman dez, Baye island, which beloags to Chih, is situated in 33 degrees 41 miuutes south latitade, end 79 west longitude, and is @ litte more than three hundred wiles due east from Valparaiso. It is ebuut thirteen miles long owt eix wide, and is compesed of & moss of tall but very broken and 22) miounteims, With many inaccessible peaks, re is very httle—pethaps not over one hundred acres—of level land on the istaud; bat the valleys between the mountains, though narrow, and u sides steep, are exceedingly fernle, well wooded, and abound in fine streams ef most excellent Wa ter. The pancipal kinds of timber are myrtle, a species of box wood, sandalwood, and piment ta eologicw! features | had not the time nor facilities for examining Lnoticed, however, large quantities of iron ore in several places, avd ihe prevailing rock was grae nite ‘The only animals seen were horses, poo asses, and gouls The latter Were numerous, but exceedingly Wild—ihe oibers were likewise wild, but evidently hod not been long so, a8 several of them that we got wear to, we nouced, were brand- ed. There wre great numbers of pigeons, which, in size wud color, exactly resemble the wild pigeoa of the States—bui, exerpt these, there are few other birds, and none remarkable for beauty orany peeu. liaruty. We noticed rats and mice about the bay, but no snukes, frogs, or reptiles of any kiad. The principal fruits are peaches, quinces, figs, cherries, grapes end strawberries. ‘The figs, thoagh pleaty, we did not geta taste of, a8 the birds ate them as fast as they ripened—the cherries, grapes and strawber- ries Were not in season—the quinces were in great plenty, lurge and well flavored. All these fruits are senticred toa considerable distance througa the woods round the bay; but the peach surpasses all the othere—we tound it growing over the island, as far as our rau.bies extended, and # larger, richer, finer- flavored, or more plentiful crop of that delheioas froit, it was unanimously agreed, had never been seen or tasted by any of us; and there were us some pretty “old inhabitants” from down abot ( Jersey aid that way, as well as from Ohio. Tur- pips, radishes, mustard, mint, watercresses, pars- nips and carrots, were among the vegetables, and growing in all directions. The bay abounds in ex- | cellent hsh, of which we congene great number ia asbort space, with hooks and lines—among these were cod, sheephead, rockfish, crayfish, and what was pronounced by several Orleanians, as the gen- vine pompano. Having no authentic sources to re- fer to, | cannot ascertain exactly when, or by whom. this island was first discovered; but it was firat settled in the early part of the sixteenth century, by Juan Fernandez, a Spaniard—whence its name. ¢, however, soon after removed with his colony te Chili, that coun presenung superior a vantages and facilities for agricultaral pursuits. It afterwards became a general and favorite rende2- vous for the swarm of buccaneers, freebootera, and other adventurers whom the immense of Peru, Mexico, and Chili, attracted into these seas, and who fcund it » very convenient place to re- ir, clean, and refit their vessels, recruit the alth of their crews. Spain, in her endeavors to rid herself of these marauding visiters, planted an- other coleny on the island about 1750, and fortitied the harbor. After the times of the buccaneers, it was a non deserted, until about 1834, when the Chilian government made it a convict station, which it continued to be until within a few years pist, when it was Saaity abandoned, and is at the pre- sent time uninhabited. The question will naturally occur, wey if tis so desirable a place, has it been abandoned? The answer, I imagine, isto be found partly in its isolated condition, and small ex- tent; but principally in the character of the race to whom it belongs; whose want of energy and enter= prise have failed to develop its resources, and ren- der it a source of profit to the gegen y or worth its protection—without which it could not, of course, be safely occupied. There is no ance of there ever having been any good buildings —public or private—nor any improvements of consequence. The he = ne td the walls of two or three small houses, built of sun-dried bricks, be- tween posts set in the ground—some ruined breast- works round the bay, and a kind of re doubt on the brow of a hill, near the lending, together with a half-finished breakwater, and some caves in the sides of the mountains, used as places and there are no rocks, entering no difficulty or et in caution ne not to approach forms the north-eust point g ar romontory whi of iF, 8 ACUTTENt,ut times, ofS againstand around tbat ont, to the northward, The best berth is at the west side of tl y, close in shore, where a good anchorage is found in twenty-five to thirty-five fathoms, one to two cxbles’ length from the h. The facilities for watering ure very good—the water being bronght dewn by a wooden aqueduct, to the breakwater, where there is a safe and convenient landing for "boats. In short for vessels bound to any part of the west coast of North Americe, and which are in want of nothing bat wood, water, ‘n vegetables, and such things as are found on the island, it is a mach more con- venient, und less expensive place to toach at than ony of | the ports ef South America, and will shorien the passage materially. * On a large stone, in the centre of the front wall. or rather bank, of the redoubt, is seul) & shield, with what appearsto be the legend ot the Goldes Fieeoe, and an ee underacath, bat so much ig could be made oat, but the « few words referring fo the great- Resignation of Govesnor Crittenden of Ken- tucky. TO THR PROPLE OP KENTUCKY, ‘The President, by and with the advice and eon- sent of the Senate, has appotated me Atto! ( deperel rad the United States, and has been penned, in Cattering terms, to inyite my acceptance of the appointinent. 7 be 4 1 heve, on fall consideration, determined to ne- cept it, and it therefore becomes necessary for me to resign, as 1 have this day done, the office of Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. To you | am indebted for the office which {inus relinguish, the highest and most honorable in your wilt; and I have, therefore, thought it suitable to the occasion, ond respectful to you, to make known, in this public manner, my Tesignation and the canse of it. Very coon after my election ovr late Preside: the geod end illustrious General Taylor offere: me a pleee—the first place—in his cabinet, I dee clined it, and among the reasons that influenced me, not the least, was the hension that so sud- den en abandonment of the office to which you had ae ty None whe ad ge ly hoe ty ‘te, and of proper respect u howor you hed conferred upon me. But now that | have served nearly two years, and that my term of office, shortened by the new constitution, proaching its termination, I think that I m: he * out h or censure, be permitted to re: thet, consideringall the cireumstances, you will epprove my course. in the new station to which I am about to go, I hope that 1 bf ia some humble degree be service- able to you sad ourcommon country. Of one thing oe may be assured, that in whatever small may ke able to effect anything, my best exer will alwoys be directed to the quieting of the un- happy dirsensions that now 1, and all things wee preservation of the Us . wit my administration as governor you adge, and I have only thisto say, that I othg fet wo todo the best, and that I have served you faithful- ly, if not wisely. My resignation can oceasion no dam to the commonwealth. The high character aod eminent qualification of the gentleman, (Lieutenant Gover- nor Helm) who succeeds me, to the common. wealth the greatest assurance of an able, wise and faithful administration of ite government. To terminating my present official relations with you, permit me to gratify my heart by saying, that whatever of affection, loyalty or gratitade any ba- men being sane or owe to you,and to Kentucky, that do I teel that do Lowe. — That debt is my great weasure. Iam, vey Sch fellew Ca ITTENDE: Fraxxrort, July 90, 1950. Tie New te peteeed on tre City Bane or New Haven. The counterfeit €0 and g100 bills on the Cuy Bank of New Haven are of the same character, and no doubt from the seme quarter, ae thoee recently forged on the New Haven and New llaven County Books, viz, impressions taken from the true plates while in the hands of the printers, with forged signatores. The plate from wi theee bulls were taken contained one of 50 one of $100 ; and it is therefore probable that spa- news Hotes of both these denominations ate in cit~ culehon, but the benk has oaly heard of three tile. ‘The plate wae altered in 1847, by © in the mergin, on the top of the 100°s, and of the 60°, the words “Charter Perpetual ;” and es the counterfeits do not contain this alteration, they must have been taken when the plate was at the printer's before that time, which was last ia 44. This lapse of time has rendered detection cf the counterfeits easy, as all the aed bills without the slteration above spoken of, have becn withdrewa from circulation; and there are only two of the 100 bills now out The coan- terteite have the name of Wm, Johnsen a8 presi- sexi, tu: ell the true 90's and iy case tee two i's above mentioned, are signed 4 the present president. The bank will soon have a Lew plate prepared. —New Haven Jownal, Ang. 6. =