The New York Herald Newspaper, August 6, 1850, Page 3

SO hal whatever may be the registered toanage of a ship, | age passengers returning to this country, disap- | Carlton street, Porter street, Stewart street, and Great Howard street—most of ther THE IRISH EMIGRATION TO AMERICA. Whe Extent of and Man-Cat © Mntyrattion=Z migrants and Vitlany tae German ration, (From the London Ghroniele, duly 15] ‘The eangranon trom we Uaned Kingdom has annually increased in a lorge eatio for the tast tea | rents. The Coloarzucioa Cercular, issued by her 'y’s Colonial Land and Emigration Com- Mistioners in th- spring of every year, furaishes the ouly authenvie und complete account of the aumber of persons wh © the shores of the ‘old conniry” to seek tunes ia the Us can colonies, 4 »we the British N ase Wola 2 Cape, New Zealand, and cur other goreessions im ell parts of the globe. The great Dulk of the emigration is not, however, directed to the itish possessions; and the advice and in- struction aflorded to the people by her Majesty’s Commissioners, in then aanual twopeany pamph- Set, lave no interest for at least three out of tive of Wthose who quit the land of their birth to make trial of another. The United States absorb the tan share. The following table shows the sive increase of the emigration to all parts he world from 1539 to 1549 iaclusive:— North Weers, Amerwan Colonies. ac SERESBE v n06 42,623 27,689 1,558,993 A considerable proportion of this large emigration proceeds from Liverpool, thi vhich may be considered Tespect the pemcipal port of the United tom: Fewill be seeu from the above table that for (he lust three years there has been au emigra- tion much more extensive thin usual to the United States of America; and that in the past year its amount far surpassed that of any year previous. During the present sewson it is probable that the emigration will be still greater. These swarming mielitudes that embark at Liverpoot for New York, Boston, and cther transatlantic poris, to seek a home and happiness im the western world, where there 13 elbow room and to spare for the whole San of Europe, and where not onli read by the day, but independence for nye, and an inheritance for the largest” fami may usually be had for the seexing, are pri ly Anish of the most destitute classes ‘ine out of en of “all the emigrants that leave Liverpool by the American liners are [rish peace: and fally ninety-nine out of every hundred Irish are eo passengers—crossing overat the cheapest rate. In the year 1847, the number of emigrant ships (not including serene that left Liverpool for the United thates, was 514, which conveyed 1,189 cabin pascengers, and 123,447 steerage passengers, ora total of 129,636 persons. No record appears to have been kept which might have shown the exact num- ers of Engtish, lrish and Scoteh among them, but ‘there can be no doubt in the miad ef any one who Aos examined en emigrant ship with all her passen- gers on board, thatthe proportion of Irish to other emigrants approximates -very closely to what I have already stated—awe out often The above figures only apply to the eaigeaut ships under the inspee- tion of the officer appowted by the government, ard take ne account vf an additional numbar of d,cet persons who emigrated during the year in Stein vessels, and other lips not under inspection, and who were mosily, if not enurely, of a higher clese, principally Engleh, Welsh and Scotch people, emigrating to Canada or the other British possessions in North Amenca. Including these, the total emigration of 1547, from. oe Liverpool, would amount to 134,524 souls In 1848, the num- ber of emigrant ships that lefe Layerpool was 519; conveying 982 cabin and 124,522 steerage passen- @ers, ora total of 125,504 souls. The number of emigrants of the higher grade for the same year, i she is not allowed to have a greater number of p.s- sengere, exclusive of bond fide cabin passengers, then in the proportion of ode passenger for every twelve clear superticial feet on the main deck, aad in the deck immediately below the same. The penalty for an infraction of this law is fixed at not jess than two, nor more than five pounds, for each pessenger in excess of the proper number. Before # ship 1s allowed to clear out, she must be surveyed under the direction of the Goverament Emigration Agent, at the expense of the owner or charterer, and certified to be in all respec aworthy, and fit for her inteuded*voyage. [tis furthermore pro- vided by the Passenger Act of 1819, the 12th and 12h Victoria, cap “that there shall not be more than two tiers of berths on any one deck in any such passege ship, and that the interval be- tween the floor of the berths and the deck or plat form immediately beneath them shall not be less than six inches; that the berths shall be securely constructed, and of dimensions aot less pointed with their prospects, and quite’ sick of America, One captain informed me that dariag the present season, he took out as steerage pax see gers, a sturdy English yeoman, with his wife and eight children, and a large quantity of boxes aud packages, and that he met hina week after he hed landed him in New York ia a state of utter de jection, determined to return to England by the first packet. He had looked at » few farms within 4 circuit of fifty miles of New York, but neither approved of the farming, the land, the country, the people, the weather, the food, the drink, nor aay- using he had seen, felt, or heard since he had stepped out of the packet. He had not even un- packed his luggage, and returned to England, with is wife and eight children, after less than ten days sojourn in America, a sadder, but scarcely a wiser men. As soon as a party of emigrants arrive in Liver- than after the rate of six feet in length and eighteen inches in width for each passenger, and persons of different sexes, above the age of foret-en, ualess husband and wife, shall not be placed in the same berth.” Jn addition to, and irre- spective of any provisions of their own, which pas- sepgers may take oa board, the captaia “shail make to each passenger, during the voyage, ia- cluding the time of detention, if any, at aay place or port, before the termination of the voyage, the following issues of pure water and sWeet and wholesome pro’ pas; namely, at least three quarts of water daily, and of provisions at the rate per week of 24 lbs. of bread or biscuit, not infe- rior in quality to navy biscuits, 1 lb. of wheaten flour, 5 lbs. of oatmeal, 2 Ibs. of rice, 2 ouaces of tea, } Ib. of sugar, and'} Ib. of molasses; such is- sues to be made in advance, and not less often than twice a week.” It is at the option of the cap- tains and owners to substitute good and sound po- tatoes for either the oatmeal or rice, in the pro- portion of five pounds of potatoes to one pound of oatmeal or rice; but as a store of potatoes is bulky, and does not keep so well as rice and oatmeal, this arrangement is very seldom made. It is also optional, at Liverpool, and in any Irish or Scotch port, to substitute oatmeal for the whole, or any part of the rice, This allowance is considered very fair and liberal; but as 1 learned from several of the captains, the poor people are often too igaorant to know what to do with the particular kind of food pigrided for them. One captain informed me—and is statement was confirmed by so many others as to appear to be a notorious tact—that not above one-half, or even one-third, of the poor emigrants know the use of tea ; and that it thing to see an Irishman survey tea for awhile, and then fill his pipe with a portion, smoke it with evident sausfactien. Nor do Irish emigrants, as a body, appear to be any better acquainted with the uses of rice. They continu- ally to ask how they are to use it. I was informed of one man, who, after receiving his oatmeal, his rice, his molasses, his sugar, and his teay very quicily set about and boiled up the whole mixture —tea and all—into a thick soup or pudding, beauti- fully specked with expanded tea leaves. ‘The arrangements for the health of the eee yg are mpm} of the most stringent kind. The poorer class of Irish emigra: it the best of times, are filthy in their persons, ‘appear to have but & very small sense of cleanliness and ropriety. ‘When sea-sickness overtakes them, their utter prostration of body and mind ravates every duty habit which they may have formed. To en- force cleanliness is, therefore, a most necessary part of the captain’s duty, and he is obliged for the sake of ail on board to enact the stern, unyield: despot. A SHR, or other duly qualitied medica! man must be taken on board ever ship that carries above 100 passengers. But even in s! that clear out, with a fewer number, a medical man is usually, if not always, engaged for the voyage, asa matter of precaution and expediency, if not of strict and com- uilsory duty. To enforce order and cle inliness on rd, the captain either se'ects a dozen or two of the most Lig cayman and intelligent of the passen- gr, whom he invests with magisterial authority for the voyage, or invites the passengers to elect is generally found their own monitors. This who took their passage 1 steamboats and ships not | to ans its purpose; and whether nominated by the under inspection, was 5,717; which, added to the tic will and of | i rt eee eae pale autocratic wil pleasure of the captain, or elect- previous numbers, give 131, 1 ed by the universal suffrage of the emigrants, these cion of 1848. In 1849 the. number of emigrants | office-bearers have in most cuses, ligle or no difli- wes still larger; the emugraot ships that the | culty in enforcing their authority, as a sanitary and Pir" simonated to 665, couveying et ope ned general police. 46,102 steerage passe nge ts; ua a 776. To As tifying and striki fs of the these must be added “éytoe steamboat emigrants, | yi1y ae ste the poioirs y of Irish sctilerein and ovhers not under inspection; giving a@ total the United States, and ef their d for and car 453,902 for the year. Duriwg the present year the | Sf the relatives whom may have jeft behind tide of emigration rus even more strongly. In January, 32emigrant ships left Liverpool,coaveying 6,943 people, or an average of 217 passengers for each ship. Ia February, the namber of ships that eft was 87, conveying 5,779 emugr vats, or an aver- age of 235 passengers Sg Feay Ta March, the num- ber of emigrant ships that left the port was 57, ecavey ing 16,733 persons, or an average of 204 em- igtants per ship; Iu April, the number of ships woe 5], and ot emigrants 17,458, mal on an ae passengers per ship. In my the number of ships wae 62, and of emigrants 7,498, mehking on an average 252 per ship. Ia June, the number of ships Was 42, ond of emigrants or an average of 320 per ship. The total emigra- tien for the helf year by ships under inspection, and exclusive of steamboats, was 80,914. The foilowing table shows how leige @ propor- tion of the total emigration from the port of Liver- nol, during the year 1547, was bound for the Jnited Statess— Cabin Steerage Peasangere. Pes ‘Sih Toots 103,605 28078 | 98,176 Tuited States. Canada... . 7” New hrupiwiek. 43012400 Nowe Seotte.. . 8 18 ‘187 Newfoundland . » oS 538 ne ‘ort India Tal . 13t 18 165 Cape of Good Hope. 6 none “6 Syauy. 7 noue 1 pertera Australia. » w boae lo ‘Lhe returns for the year 1348 are of a similar che recter, and are as follows, with the addition of a Caiiformia item :— Cabin Steerage Passengers. Passengers, Total. Trited States. ..5+'......90l0 123,001 = 197 501 Central America and Calitor- . 0m wee am “eg vow Irunewiek.... aL iN ” 106 7 a 2 18 68 19 13 13 235 298 ‘The emigration of the past year erebic meresse. The foliowiag is the retarn for TNS, including passeayers by ships aot uader gov- pruinent inspection >— ” Cabin Steerage Passengers. Passengers. United States. + 4639 baat 4 Total. Mr 745 673 421 06 iol from Liverpool, it is likely to receive a still larger chore of the general emigration of Europe, as ope- rations are ip progress te orug through this tows the whole tide of German eaugration tothe Unite tes, Which is almost os lenge and strong as that «1 Tveland itself. Until the present year, the Germans that have left Liverpool for the United Stites hove been but strauglers from the main anpy—the greater divieious of which have em- barked from Hamberg, ot other Hanse to or from Havre. It bus been fouod, however, that all theee routes are more cxpeasive and inconvenient thee the route by Liverpool, and that emigrants may be conveyed from the inverior of hee jy des New York via Liverpoo!, at a lees rate and ia Ya In conse- borg or Havre b probable that their endeavors will be tent successful, valess the bed character acquired by Liverpool for the plunder of emugraats, and for the sbeence of proper eccommodauon for them, eshowld interfere to prejudice it ia the minds of the Gerinwn governmeats. Upon this point, however, areform has commenced. ‘There is great competution amongst the various owrcere and egent of the vessels that trade be- tween Liverpool and the United States, as much of theit profit depeats upon the conveyance of enigrants, ‘The price of steerage «eeommodation riees and falls coneiderably from week to week, ond even from dvy today. A year or two ago the average fare in the steerage was £5 for each adalt, end helf that eam for young children. Daring the prevent season the rate has sometimes been as low as £3 108, end sometimes as high as £5 jares in the seeond-elass cabins vary from £4 10s. to £7, end in the first elass cabins fare is pret stevionety, at 16 guinews. In the steerage eecond cabins the gor ment regulations make it mperative thet « cettein qountity of food and waver chal be provided for each t, what ever may be the peseage money received. If the owners acd agents of emigrant vessele chose, ia their rivalry, to tke steerage passengers for guinea, or even half guinea each, it would make no dilerence in the amount of accommodation and isions which they wen! 1 be compelted to supply. enotextend to the firet class © ie general most liberally, d for No emi- © hip ig allowed te or proceed on her voyrge with a greater cumber of persons on board, including the pede a theed-g and cabin passen- 1, than in the provortion of one person to every Ge tons of Le: registered burden. Besides thie, Fang jee Sherman ‘= enabled to oa the following particulars. It is pretty generally understood that the Irish in America send home small sums by almost every packet that reaches Liverpool, to be transmitted through the various emigration agents and others, to their relatives in Irelond. These sums are principally intended to pay their passage to America, the land of pro- mixe—but to the senders of this money, a land of realities. In the course of the year these emall remittances run up te avery considerable sum. Few, however, know the aggregate amount. I hed occasion some time ago in Ireland, when visiting a large union workhouse, containing between 2,000" and 3,000 inmates, to inquire the "paipete la “thet. ceteblihmest, “asd “I e was lintrmed that from six to e¢ Re * sons weekly on average were enal leave the ethos this means, and to pay their passage over to Tica. of captain one American liner informed me of another highly gratifying fact of the yer a of which he was cognizant. vel ears ago, among the eu Faate on board of his ship were two well- behaved Irish girls, who were going to New York to try their fortanes as domestic servants, Being pleased with their appearance and their testimo- nials of good conduct, he took them into his own fomily, where the have ever since remained. From time to time they have entrusted him with +ma!l sums, sufficient to coavey from Liverpool to the United States no less than thirtéen persons, including their father, mother, brothers and sisters, and cousins to the third and fourth remove. That such instances are by no means uncommon, the foilowing hgures will prove. I have before me the returns furnished by five well-known agency houses in Liverpool of the smount of money transmitted to them from New York, in small sums varyin, fiom £2 or £3 to £10 and £20, and seldom exceed- jag the last named sum—the whole of it intended for the benefit of persons in Great Britain and Ire- land, but princi; fy in ireland, to enable them to emigrate to the United States. The first house, having the smallest business in this way, received between the Ist of January, 1849, and the 6th of Mareh, 1860—or « little more than fourteen months —the sum of £6,425 13s. 64., for transmission to Ireland, exclusive of drafts on England, the amouat of which | was unable to ascertain, ‘The number of drafts was 1,934, ofan average of £3 Gs. Sd. each. The second kovse received, in the same period of fourteen months, the sum of £24,658 12s. Id., in 6.198 drafts, or an average of £3 19s. 4jd. each, all for Ireland, and exclusive of drafts payable in Live! |, and in other parts of England. The third se received in the same way, from the lst of Janvery, 1849, tothe Ist of January, ‘ the sum of 279 Is. 3d., in 13,425 drafts, or an average of £3 193 4)d. The fourth house received in the year 1848 the sum of £51,628; and in the year 1849, ending the Ist of January, 1850, the sum of £72.628, or an increase over the former year of £21,000. Iam not enabled to state the number of drafts, but taking the average of the other houses, or something less than £4 eaeh, and calculating in he he number would be found with cy, and would amount to 18,175. ifth house received, from the Ist of January, 1849, to the Ist ot January, 1850, the sum £168,167 10s. 3d. in the same way, principally for transmission to Ireland. This, in the same average ef the amounts, would give the total number of drafts at 40,512. From the house competent outhoriey to do's. besiaaee on competent a ty to do a than the whole of the five here men- in similar trangactions, #0 that im all babiity a million sterling at least & qnnaslty te cerved from the United (es of America on behalf {oes emigrants from . I should add it the ofa it number ef emi- is is paid for them on the other side of the tlantic. I could obtain no reliable statement of the te amount, but an additional sum should fairly be allowed under this head, in stating the total amount paid by American settlers for the emigration of their Irish kinsfolk ree tell an affecting story, and are in the hi de- ree creditable to the character of the Irish in the Jnited States. 1 could not help reflecting, when I remembered these facts, and looked the swarms of ragged, destitute, dirty, squalid [rish- men aweiting in the etreets of Liverpool the sailing of the ships that were to convey them to America, that however deplorable their present condition, ery too, in the course of time, would, in all pro bability, go and do likewise, and net only elevate themeeives far above the miseries of their former ttate, but help thousands of their friends and rela- tives to follow them into comfort and prosperity. Tt would be interesting to know what of ‘total ‘that from the ports of the total emigration tha’ Great Britain remain in the New World; and what portion, disherriened, disgusted, and di: inted, jetorns to England. I made some inquiries upon this ewbjeet, but was not able to ascertain any authentic particulars. Many captains of American pocket. ships informed me that they sometimes crossed from New York with forty or fifty disap- »inted emigrants; andone tlernan, a merchant Inthe to corroborated the statement as far as his own experience went, stating that on the return from a trip to the United States, there was between sixty seventy English and Insh steer- pool, they are beset by a tribe of people, both mule and female, who are oan by the name of * man catchers ” and “runners.” The business of these people is, in common parlance, to * fleece ” the emigrant, and to draw from his pocket, by fiir means or by foul, as much of his cash ashe can oe ersuaded, inveigled, or bullied into parting with The first division of the man-catching frateraity are those who trade in commissions on the passage money, and call themselves the “runuers” or agents of passenger-brokers. The business of the pas- senger-broker is a legitimate and necessary one —uand muny of the firns above alluded ‘to as receiving such numerous remittances of small sums trom America are among the number. Under the Passenger Act of the 12th and 13th Victoria, cap. 3, the licenses of all the passenger- brokers expired on the Ist of February, 1450, subject to renewal after their being approved of by thie government emi- gration agent, and to their entering into bonds, with (wo sureties, to the amount of £200, for the due fulfilment of all the requirements of the act of Par- liament relating to the comfort and secufity of emi- grants. The passenger-brokers at Liverpool, in common with the unwary ane unsuspecting emi- grants, have suffered greatly from the malpractices of the ** runners” who pretend to be their agents. ‘These man-catchers procure whatever sums the! can from emigrants as passage money—perhaps or £6, or even more—and pay as little as they can to the passenger-broker, whose business they thus assume~ often as li¥le as £30r £353. In addition to these large knavish profits, they demand a commission of 74 per ct. from the passenger- broker, and they have been often known to clea and en- force,this commission, altho’ their whole concern in the matter may have been to watch the number of emigrants going into or coming out of the broker’s office, and to put in a claim for having brought or “caught” them. It is obviously the interest of the brokers as well a3 of the emigrants that this system of plunder should be stopped; and the active and in- telligent government agent for emigration at Liver- pool, without whose approval no license can be ob- tained, has done his best to extirpate this particular class of man-catchers. Before the renewal of their licenses in February, he made it imperative that the parsenger-brokers should sign a declaration to the effect that they would not give any fee, commission, or reward whatever, directly or indirectly, to any es or persons for procuring passengers in iverpool for ships sailing to America. Such, nevertheless, is the comepetition among the passenger-brokers, even of the highest respect- ability, tha’ is in vain to expect that the system of paying commission for rocuring pas- sengers ci ‘be entirely stopped. ir commission be not paid as per centage to the old race of man- catchers, it will be paid in salaries, or by some other means, to the accredited “ runners” of each establishment, 0 that the system, somewhat modi- fied and improved, wiil still continue. ‘To form an idea of |the sums paid in any one year, 1819, for ins Ince, as commission to the man-catchers in the m of passage money, we have but to take the total steerage emigration of that year, and mul- tiply it by £3 108.—the average amount of pass: money—and calculate what a per centage of 7} per cent. would amount to. The total steerage emigration of 1849 was 146,162 souls, which, at £3 10s. a head, would amount to £511,567. A per centege of 74 per cent. on this sum would amount to no less than £38,367 10s. ; or, taking the com- mission at the low average of 6 per cent., to £30,694, which is generally stated to be about the sum ac- average of the: last tee years by the'panseager average of ast e Ts brokers of Liverpool. ss? “7 Passene! But these are not the only class of the man- catching fraternity, nor do they confine their opera- tions to an exhorbitant profit upon money. The man-catchers keep lodging Bouses for emi- grante—wretched cellars and rooms, destitute of comfort and convenience, in which they cram them es thick) placescan hold. The extra pro- fits they draw from this source cannot be inferior in amovat to their previously-mentioned gains, and the cherished hoards of the poor pay a large centege to their unscrupulous rapacity. In addi tion to this trade, came of them dagl in the varian« articles composing the outfit of emigrants, such as bedding, clothes, food, cook’ utensils, and the nick-knacks of all kinds which they ean persuade them to purchase. of the storekeepers in this line of business pay their ‘ runners” or man- catchers” as much as ten per cent commission on the chases effected by the its, from which the reader may form some estimate of the enormous plunder that must be drained from the poor ignorant porple, As every emigrant must his own bedding, the sale of mattrasses, Janketsand counterpanes, enters largely into this Catchers” who are principally irshmes themeel¥es, catchers” who are princi, 2 ves, and know both the strength and weakness of the Irish character, fasten upon their countrymen— many of whom, poor and miserable as they look, have sovereigns securely stitched amid the patches of their tattered garments—and persuade them into the purchase of various articles, both useful and useless. Among these may be men- tioned clothes of all kinds—shirts, trowsers, waistcoats, shawls, petticoats, south-westers, caps, boots, and shoes, slippers, cooking utensils, cans for the daily allowance of water, and tins to hold their meal, rice, and sugar. Provi- sions—such as bacon, herrings, salt beef, and other articles not found them on board—and luxuries, in which whiskey and tobacco are generally ineluded, come nexton the list, ofter reiterated assurances: from the man-eatchers that no emigrant will be taken on board without them. These being ie vided—and an Irishman being easily equeezable, when a friend and countryman is the “ man- catcher” who has him in hand, and when he fears thet his passage-money will be lost for non-com- pliance with the regulations—his attention is next directed to euch articles as pocket-mirrora, razors, bowie-knives, pistols, telescopes, &c. The stran- ger in Liverpool, who takes @ walk in the imme- diste vicinity of the Waterloo Dock, whence the greater number of emigrant vessels take their de- perture, will see a profuse display of the various articles upon which the ‘“‘man-catcher” makes his gains—articles faery of the most inferior =, and sold at the most extravagant and ri- iculous prices. The “man-catching” bus i all its departments has been redu to a regolar and no London sharper can be more sharp ¢ Liverpool runners. Perhaps the most ed and ingenious trick is the following: steam-veesel laden, with ¢ ints leaves an Irish port for Liverpool, oae of the Liverpool fraternity, dressed up as a raw Irishman, with the usual long-tailed, ragged, and patched grey frieve coat, the battered and nayiless hat, the dirty un- buttoned knee- breeches, the black stockings, the shillelah, and the short pipe, takes his passage =~ them, fod peevets to be an emigrant. Be- fore the veerel arrives at Liverpool he manages to make acquaintance with the greater portion of them, learns the parish they come from, and the — of the a wea Toomey nove < pein’, not forgetting those of the parish pr the prin- i] I people of their neighborhood. He also oleare he names of the friends in America whom they are going to joi He tells them of the rogue- ty of Liverpool, ‘arns them against thieves and man-catchers, bidding them take especial care of their money. On arriving at the quay, in Liver- pool, he jumps ashore —e. the first, where a wa nrg of his co-partners are waiting to receive him. le ly communicates to them all the informa- tion he bas gained, and the poor people on stepping ashore are beset by affectionate inquiries at their friends in Ireland, and that old man the parish priest. They imagine that they have for. tunately dr d among old acquaintances, and their friend of the steamboat takes care to inferm them that he is net to be * ”* by the man- catchers, but will lodge, while Liverpool, at such end such a place, which recommen». They cannot imagine that men whe know all about the priest and their friends and relatives can mean wig ee and numbers of them are usually led triumph to the most Wretched, but most expensive, lodging houses. Once in the power of the man-catchers, a regular siege of their pockets jn Ls joke ant is Mage * a Ouse waye—t Ly ssage mone’ for his clothes and utensils, and forhia food. Hiven after 7 have drained him as dry as they ean, they ore loth to part with him entirely, and they write out, per next steamer, a full, true, and particular ac- count of him—his parish, his relations, hia priest, and his estimated stock of money—to a similar angin New York. Paddy—simple fellow—arrives fr New York in due time,and is greetei on landing by the same affectionate inquiries If his eyes have not been opened by wef! experience, he thinks ence more that he has fallen among old friends, and is led off by the “ smart” men-catchers of the New York gang, to be robbed of the last farthing that he be persuaded to pert with; and he is possibly induced to apend the savings ee in the purchase of land, sup pored to be in the for west, bot having no other existence but such as paper end lies can give it. It is im the neighborhood of the Waterloo and porthwards to the Clarence Dock that (he principal lodging-houses for pooremigranta are to be fouad, more erpecially about Denison street, Regeat street, of the filthiest kind, externally and internally. accommodations provided for the 1 emigrants that daily pass into Liverpool, to await the departure of the vessels by which they have secured Ubeir passuge, and the robberies of all kinds to which they are subjec ng their stay, are evils that the philanthropy of Liverpool, who feel forthe misery of their fellow. atures, uight well basten toremedy. An example of the mode in whieh this end might be accomplished has been set them by the enterpriving German alladed to in a previous part of this letwer This gente- mon, Who has entered upon the large speculation cf drawing through Liverpool the nde of German emigratien that now flows through Ilcmburg, Havre, and other continental ports, hos ken a spacious and commedieus building, ‘almost imme- diately adjoining the new terminus of the Liver- ol and Bury, or Lancashire Railway Poorfields. This building wae formerly and Was afterwards occupied as a temporary stoe exchange, end torother commercial purposes. Mr. Sabel, the gentleman alludes to, having entered into arrangements for bringing ever to Liverpool the first division of about 400 German emigrants, conceived it to be both his interest and duty to pro- vide proper accommodations for them on their are rival. For this purpose he engaged the building [ have mentioned—a building ample enough to con- tain them all very comfortably, aod in facta much larger number. ‘The establishment was not com- pletely furnished, nor made ready, in ail respects, when I visited but workmen were busily em- ployed in putting it into substantial and de order. The dormitones are large, light and uiry ; the dining and sitting rooms are not ouly comforta- ble, but Juxurious, and the whole building is al dantiy supplied with gas, water, and fresh air. The kitchen is also large and commodious, and it is part of the proprietor’s pian to combine the advantages of a reading-room and library with the other can- veniences of the establishment. The emigrants may here be boarded and lodged at moderate rates, ac- cording te a fixed tarifl, legibly printed, and exhi- bited conspicuously in every room of the house. Private rooms may be engaged by families ; and the proprietor will provide, at a moderate and cheap rate, for such as choose to use the establishment for the purpose, all the articles that emigrants really require on the voyage—such as bedding, clothes, cooking utensils, provisions, &c. Such an estab- lishment is greatly needed in Liverpool for the Irish as well as for the Germans, and it would con- duce very much to the prosperity of the port, and do credit to the character of the town, if half a dozen similar buildings were constructed in the neighborhood of the docks, and pleced under pro- per superintendance. Not only would the health ot the town be improved by the diminution in the number of low, dark, overcrowded, and pestilential lodging houses, but thousands of poor people would be rescued during their stay in Liverpool from de- moralizing and debasing influeaces, and would reach America purer in mind, and richer in pocket, than they can dounder the present miserable system, un- der which they are in every sense “ taken in and done for” by the man-catching lodging-house keep- ers. It is to be hoped that the speculation of Mr. Sa- bel may be successful, not only because success is due to him who originates a praiseworthy undertak- ing. but because his success will have the eflect of inducing other enterprising men to imitate hisexam- le. The attention of the principal merchants and inhabitants has been already directed to the subject, public meeting has been held, at which a resolution was to the eflect that those pre- sent, feeling the great importance of emigration to this country as well as to the colonies, deemed it necessary that measures should be immediately taken for the proteetion of emigrants, and for the improvement of their physical and moral condition during their stay in port. During the yaad and summer months, there cannot be less than 4,000 emigrants in Liverpool on any one day, and in the winter months about half that number; so that ten or twelve establishments, similar in size and ap- pointments to that of Mr. Sabel, would not be too meny for their accommodation. Some time ago the members of the Doek Committee being fully im- preseed with the importance of the subject, both to the plundered emigrants and to the character and trade of the town of Live: , offered to co-oper- ate with the government in providing the needful accommodation in the new northern docks; but the government declined to contribute any portion of the funds, and the project tell to the ground.— There is, however, no necessity for the aid of go- vernment in such a matter as this. The appoint- ment of a ea oo officer, to see that the ships are seaworthy—that r conveniences for health and comfort are established, and that a due stock of provisions and water be laid in all that can reasonably be expected from the State. Private enterprise, or the municipal aid of the town of Li- verpool, which is peculiarly interested in the amount of traffic elon through it and in the pre- servation of its own good character, ought to be to provide a ti SL Petes de eevee scommmoduiion oad mg; town. It must not be supposed, from the statements in reference to the rogueries practised by ‘runners and man-catchers” upon the simple emigrants, that the emigrants themselves do not occasion- ally endeavor to commit frauds, both upon each other and upon the owners and captains of ships. The Irish emigrant, with the room for hoarding which is 80 common among his countrymen, often hides money in his rage, and tells a piteous tale of utter destitution in order to get a ata cheaper rate. shameless beggary, which is haps the greatest vice of the lower classes of rish, does not always forsake them, even when they have determined to bid farewell to the old country ; and I have several times been accosted by men and women, on board emigrant ~~ in doek, and esked for contributions to help them when they got to New York. ‘ Sure, yer honor, and may the Lord spare you to a long life; I've id my last farden for my passage,” said a Fev rish woman with a child in her arms, whom saw on the quar fi Webb, in the i to New York I shall have to beg in the strates. unless yer honor will take pity oa me.” I asked her to show me her ticket. She said her husband had it; and ber husband—a wretched- loo meen | old man—making his appearance and repeating the same story, | pressed him to show me the document. He did so at last, and I saw that he had paid upwards of £17 for the pais- sage of himself and wife, and his family of five children. “And do you mean to say that you have no money left?” I inquired of him. “Not one blessed penny,” said the man. “No, ner a fardia,” seid the woman, “aed God knows what'll become of us.” “Do you know nobody in New York?” | inquired. “Not a living sowle, yer honor.” Have you no loggaget” “Not a stick, or a stitch, b the clothes we wear.” As I did not believe the story, 1 declined to give them anything. The lene Webb was detained two diys beyond her advertived time of sailing, and all the emigrants, as usual, had liberty to pass to and from the ship to the tireeta, a8 Caprice or convenience dictated. On the following day, I saw this stardy woman ond her husband entering the Waterloo dock gates with a donkey-eart, tolerably well piled with boxes, bedding, and coo! utensils. I watched them on board the Isaac Webb, and when they were down in the steerage, (where it was not very light, end I fedged they would not recognise me,) l asked the woman, usily assocting her bedding, whether that was her luggage? She re- plied that it was. “You told me yesterday, when you were begging, that you had no luggage.” “Sure it's a hard world, yer honor, and we're poor people—God help us.” An incident of a kind not very dissimilar occurred on board of American liner, the West Point. When the passenger roll was called over, it wes found that one map, from the County ot ‘Tipperary, had only paid an instalment vpon his paseage money, and that the sum of 25s. each for three persona, or £3 168., was still due from him. On being called upon to py the difference, he as verted vehemently that he had been told in the broker's office that there was no more to pays and thet to ask him for more was to attempt a robbery. The clerk coolly insisted upon the money, and showed him the tickets of other passeagers to prove the correetness of the charge. The man then changed his tone, and declared that he had not a single farthing leftin the world, and that it was quite impoeeitle he could pay any more. “ Then yeu and your family will be pat on shore,” seid the clerk, “and lose the money you have already poid.” The intending emigrant swore lustily et the injustice, and declared that, if put on shere, he would “get an act of Parliament” to pat on end to sucha system of robbery. The clerk however, wes obdurate ; and the man disa muttering as he went that he would have his of Parliament” to punish the broker, the clerk, aod the captain. He returned in a few minutes from below, and, without eaying a word of what had happened, and looking a# unconcerned a9 a stranger, coolly presented a £5 note, and asked for his change. Sech isa specimen of the rogueries attempted by thore who have money. Those who reall have none at all, or who poseibly have not sifi- cient to pay their passage, resort to other schemes for cropsing the Atlantic at a reduced rat of charge altogether, and “ stow away.” a practice which is carried on toa great and in- creasing extent. The remeinder of the crew (13 in wanvber,) Mr. Howard, his wife and six children, pase were taken from the Dateh ship Madara, from tuvia for Rotterdam, abund n the 26h of March, in let. 20408 lon. 7 FE , by the Ameri- con ship Columbus, of Newburyport, frem Arra- con, for Antwerp, which verse! was in a leaky stale, and it wae any d would proceed to Min- ritius. Mr. Howard, who is a missionary of the Americen Baptist Mission Union Board, was on his way from the American mission station at Maul- main to Boston. LS tame sre a CAN RTO Ry REE SN Foreign Miscellany. The Schieswig-Holstein troops have taken up theimbead-quarters at Schleswig, eonsequentiy the war may be said to have commenced. Itis said that the Austrian authorities have been engaged ina plot to assissinate Kossuth; but he has mansged to escape with important documents in his possession. Fiom Belgium we hear that the minister of war, Baron de Chazel, has resigned; and it is believed thet the minister of finanee, M_ Frere Orban, will bedsmused. Jt is probable that uli the ministers | muy be obliged to resign. | The owners of land in Prussia and the neighbor- | ing States ure doubling their incomes in conse- quence of free wade ‘The E.pana and Heraldo of Madrid (hot offic.al journsls) of the 10 hy late that the b nt has recently token pains to draw ¢ HAIY relations With Spe with refer. | evee to the Cuban atiair in pari r, has given | proof of its friendly feelings. One of the journals | mentions a report that the government intends to erect the Captaincy-General of Cuba into a Viee- | royalty, and to appomt General M. de la Concha | Viceroy. General Koneuli hod resizued the post | of Cuptain-General. ‘The prorogation of the British Parliament is not expected to take place before the middle of August. | Cuptain the Hon. G. F. Hastings, of the British | ship Cyclops, has beea recently east in £5,000 dam- | ages by the slave commissioners on the coast of Atniea, for illegal detention of a Portuguese ship. The Hon. East India Company have granted an allowance during lite of £100 per annum to the gallant Major Herbert Edwardes, in consideration of his emment services and the serious injury to his right hand. The Zollverein Congres is being held at Cassel. It is considered certain that the Prussian proposi- tions for an increase of protection to the manufac- turers will not pass. All agricultural Germany is against them. Don Carlos has become a complete cripple. The demand made by Lord Palmerston from the Portuguese government of an apology for the treat- ment of the English admiralty agent at Cadiz, has been answered by the dismissal from office of the civil government of thut city. The Rev. William Kirby, the celebrated ento- mologist, died on the 4th ult., aged 91. Lamartine, before he sailed for Smyrna, sold the copyright of two novels, which he has recently written, and the first will shortly appear. M. Thiers has received £24,000 for “ The His- tory of the Consulate and the Empire,” several volumes of which are yet unwritten. The pub- lishere, afra’ these stirring times that he might be cut off, wished to insure his life, and tried the London offices for the purpose, but they declined the risk. Rome has lost one of its most brilliant men, the Monsignor Corboli Bussi. was a steady and spirted reformer, and is said to have died of a broken heart on witnessing the failure of all those dreams of regenerating Rome whieh had been fondly indulged in by him in company with Pius IX., at whose right hand he was unul death re- | where One falis of rai sae mare naamecr ram mand for most of these goods Is now ove! lower, with the same absence of inquiry as for other cottons, The metal spares oe boos prsetly, depressed. Copper was suld 60 low as Sm. re. 20 4 per fy. lle, but the value has mow improved per md. Spelter is again down to Ot. ra. er fy. md. Ail kiuds of iron have been large in ead is enusoally Y, aud prices have aguin receded. cheap, There is more demand for bills, and the sup- Ply ch the market being moderate, exchange has dually itoved downwards Quotations are efrst clase Gms credrs. 2s. sd to 28 jod per rupee; first clase 6 ms. documeote. 24 Sd. to 2s 3d. per rupee. For bills on China there bas been 4 falr demand, sales being at rs. 209 per 100 duliars. Indigo.—'Ther) have been BO transactions in indigo of any importance. The pros- peets of the coming crop continue good im Jessore, have lately been general. Im the past ten days, suflicien mplele suwings, aud torevive the ‘ad suffered much from drought. rop is less promising. In Par. peach end Bbagt ht has reveled, wud prospects are most unfavorable, Im ‘Tirboot rain is #iso much wanted. and by the latest accounts some partial showers ad fallen “The growth Cf the piaut is stinted and the manufacture must be f hur, also, d fallep to © y plant. which To the northwara t pore long and severe di delayed until a lacer period than usuul. The searom everywhere is late. Even in Jessore the plant is not so well forward as last year, and the general out-turm of the crop is more dep ndent on the forbearance of the rains and Che rivers. Thore is now every indica- ng in of the rainy season. ; scxers, May 13.—The dates from ¥ng- r, e ith and from Americato the oun of «bruary niciligence received from both coun- Uiceis comsiderrd tavorable, but has had but little effect Upon the Warket. as at this season there is little pro- duce on hand. ‘the weather is favorable to the hay | these tion of the sett crop, and, though there breadstull and great distres is a fair prospec havea tavorable iufiue the port. Exports—Tea Two chops chow packed congou were taken at 10 tens 1.600 packages of twank Li been purebased wt last moutn’s prices. The market te almost bare of teas, Tho new crop is reported to be in a forwatd state; and musters will be in the market about the Ist of June Silk. —T'he prospest of an carly supply of the new crop induced holders to rodace their prices, and about 200 bales sold at a reduction of $15 10 on Jast month's quotations for Tsatle and am. The favorable account trom England check- fajl, and the present small stock is held at stiff Teatlee $295 to $415, Taynaam $245 to $435 rto good, The settlements since the let of July are estimated at 14100 bales against 17,700 bales lust year. The export. thus far, including 150 bales sent to Hong Koog by the Lady Mary Wood, is 3.800 bales less than that of last year. Freights.—l'o Great Britain, tea £3, silk £3 10s.” Exchange.—On Bogiand. ‘The best bills under clean credits are worth 48. 744. tods 8d; documentary bills 4a. 8d. tods 9d BI. Company's bills accepted are quoted at 232 rupees per 00, AsrronomicaL Dacuernroryrina.—Mr. Bond, of the penis Observatory, in a communication tothe Boston Advertiser, of the 2d inst., upon the subject of daguerreotyping stars, of which he has emade an experiment upon the star Lyre, which ia not visible to the naked eye, aays:—The question will doubtless oceur to many of the readers of that article, to what rere Purpose caa this discovery be applied? One of the first direct applications of it would be the measurement of the angles of opposi- tion and distance of double stars. Itis interesting to be assured of the fact, that the light emanati moved hirn. Dr. Wiseman is to be created a cardinal, and he is to proceed to Rome for investiture in the dignity | ofthe red hat, in August. It is many years since any English roman catholic, resident in England, attained this honor. | By an error committed on the line of telegraph from Bayonne, in announcing the death of Sir Ko- best Peel, the name of Palme tla was substituted for | that of the right. hon. baronet. The Madrid jour- nals have, in consequence of this error, been making long commentaries on the consequences which may result to Portugal from the death of the Duke of Palmella. The carriage which is to be used at the corona. tion of the Emperor of Austria, (says a letter from | Vienna) was made in the reiga of Charles, for the | marriage of his daughter, Maria Theresa. Since | that time it has been used for the coronation of | the emperors. The gilding alone cost 130,000 | florins. The paintings on the doors are by Rubens, | and cost 60,000 florins. A new religious sect has arisen in Persia, incon- sequence of the preachings of a man named Bab, who has written anew beok to take the place the Koran. He is said to have already made several thousand proselytes ; and eighteen of these Bab- bees, as his followers are called, have been pub- licly beheaded by order of the Shah. The New York Herald speaks of the Havre and Liverpool steamers going but ‘ once a fortnight,” whereas they are, and have been, once a week; and we are authorized to state that there is no in- tention of abandoning the line, but quite the reverse, the proprietors being determined to carry on the work, as it bas hitherto been, with characteristic vienr ond re rity. The celebrated French republicans of the rouge, M. Ledru Rollin and M. Caussidiere, are about * take up their abode in Guernsey.—Guernsey ‘omet. The tubercle brought by M. Lamare Picquot, from America, grows well in France. Seed has been saved from it in the gardens of Versailles and the Luxembourg. It eught not to be forgotten that the examination made by the Academy of Sciences bas shown that it possesses three times as much putritious quallties as the potato. The Emperor of Russia is really holding Wal- lachia and Moldavia, and is now yon Ahn Bulgaria and Servia. There have been two bloody battles in the Caucasus, apparently without an: thing decisive in favor of either mae” Markets. y 21.—Cott quote hear of a sale of 500 | Sheetings nominal at $2 25, $2.95. Woollens—These gods Metals —Iron- 5000 piculs $2.50 60 a $2 75 for nalirod, $2 90 a $320 for hoop, $2 90 a $265 for bar. $4 10 a $4 2) for «mail round. $7 a $8 for wire. Tin pinter—$8 10 a $5 60. Banca tin— $18, Stecl-—$420 $5 Spelter—sa70 | Lead $5 00 & $670, Ginseng — Sale 800 piculs at bg & $76 for crude, and $120 a $140 for clarified Coeht- | neal— Mexican, $180; Java nominal, at $110 a $115. Raw silk—No old in market; the new will arrive in | about a fortnight. Carsia—1,600 piculs of the new crop bave found purchasers at $1440 a $14 60. Twas— | The transactions in have been settled for England. of Cougoa common, Nin a Kokue Oolongs, about 1500 halt chests; of other tocks very email, Green—Young tyson, 3.000 other kinds stock is about 1.000 cou tx expected down 4 but the opening of the market may be delayed some time as it is understood the teamen bave paid higher rates to the grower, un- der the idea of obtaining, at lenst. the rates of last season. But as those prices left no profit, and in man; cases resulted fn loss to the foreign merchant, an ne there is emall prospect of realizing even last year's tices ot firet-clars Congou. it is wo mo elapse ere the tei merchants ae op the of the Lancast: . for Lor but allowing for it, the export of biack tem Tritain shows an excess of six millions of por that of green a decrease of ing @ net surplus of about fi compared with the previous reason, Upited Staty: shows a email excess ests; and of « L nd jliom- Bille on London. 4a. ndia Company's bills accepted Re. Gold Leaf— $21 2 per tack ‘alifornia: $15 20 per on troy, Bycee-4.7 per cect pre- Carcorra Marxrre—Jane 1 <The edviess from Be. rope have notin any way improved business here In every branch of tr: Jer much staguative has prevailed; and it is only during the Inet week that some slight indications of amendment are apparent demand for «xports hae been extremely languid. a reduction in prices was insufficient to att tention, Gradually, how fo little bas been restored. Exchange has giv are more soweht for, low range. There for the present. the soeme to be arrested. I then 6to Saunas per m there ie now a fair inguiry for England and Bombay. ‘The lower qualities of raw #tik cn cumin ae cline of y tanner weer; it good sorte though also cheaper, are ralen! Ia corals, & fair business fe in progress, but ordi 7 andare fally 4 te por corge lower, Loeivess ie doing for England. ai tolerably steady, The cheap freig' rbipmenta of rice to England, and ners is doing for Mauritius. Shell Lac Dye rtill commands « ready eale In flower crop. transnctions are extensive, mderate rates Jute ts more wanted and oilseeds freely forward At the seventh opium raise. on the 15th vlt,, the averages were—P: 08619 4; Be paren, re, 979 9 6, ket ruled wil mu stuation, at about ra 982 to O86, for Patna, and ahipments wont forward briskly. ‘The news by the April steamer. from China. has since Leen received via bay and, being more favorable, Paton ie ny 1,000 per chest. The state of the t pert trade has ber: corrion In prices was the desire to realise was mont adually righting iteelf The money market is parntively ene: faranr, while the m: Line fe aloe complete abaya preset ices now rullo; wing orders trom distan markets, and a more general disposition to buy ts ap- parent, With a large import of Lancashire ne, much desire to tell, and no orders for the w | provinere, a comsiderabl: oreurred. Geotetare pore sol - stancer leaving heavy losves. yp Jintive buyers. Induced by the large decline in valne. The supply of Glasgow fabrics has not been beery; but the season of up-country de- from the stars possesses the requisite chemi properties to produce eflects similar to certain of the solar rays, and that these properties retain their efficacy after traversing the vast distance which separates us from the stellar regions. Of this dis- tance some idea may possibly be formed, if we eam imagine a plane of two hundred millions of miles in extent, at the distance of the star alpha Lyre, and faverably presented to a spectator situated om the earth, apearing as a mere point, only measura= ble by the aid of an excellent telescope, furnished for an accurate micrometer: or thet light moving at the rate of 190,000 miles in a second of time, would require more then tweaty years to traverse the intervening space. Yet such are the facta, and | it follows that the ray of light which made the first impression on our daguerreotype plate om Tue mpg ha pone took its departure from the etar more than twenty years ago, long bofore Da- erre hed conceived his admirable invention. ur experiments have also a bearing upon the mae ture of the light emitted from the stars. The images which we have thus far obtained, erpqutedeoiied, having pretty distinct nuclei, although elongated, and teo broad for the micer purpose of measure- ment. This apparent enlargement of the disc we attribute, in a great measure, to two causes. One is the variable nature of atmospheric refraction, when influenced by sudden changes of temperature. This trouble we hope to get rid of by increasing the sensitiveness of the surface receiving the impres sion. The other operation will then require lees time, end, of consequence, be subject to fewer and Jess extensive vibrations. The other difficulty to be overcome is the irregular motion of the ma- chinery which carries the telescope. Although the machinery at present attached to the telescope is the best that Germs nuity could devise, and auswers a tolerabl on ordinary ocea- sions, yet itis deficien our nicer operations. ‘The telescope should, during the nicer process, be propelled with a uniform sidereai motion, in_ order that the successive rays from the star may fall on precisely the same part of the plate which is to re= ceive the impression. If this be not the case, the imege will be deficient in distinctness of outline and unduly enlarged. To effect this, we intend to apply to our great equatorial a machine which we have devised for the of producing uviform rotary motion, one of which machines is now con- structing at the observatory, to be used in connec- tion with the el jie operations of the Coast Survey. It is our purpose to pursue the subject of daguerreotyping the stars, Jon step by step from the ‘hier to those of lesser magnitude. We do not despair of obtaining, ultimately faithful pic tures of clusters of stars, and even nebule. Extnaorpinary Scieaz—New Sovruern Cone repenacy.—The facts which Iam about to disclose will necessarily excite as much astonishment throughout the country as they did in my when they were first presented with all the im- trnsic evidence of undoubted truth, and with « Weight of direct authority which admitted of no misapprehension. I learn from an un jnestionable source, that a gentleman, reported to be of con+ riderable character and influence in the South, visited Mexico incognito, in the month of ‘April last, and after various conferences with persons im ity, finally ited a formal and well pre- pared proposi for the establishment of a South- ern confederacy, into which that republic was to be merged. One of the arguments aud reasons that were urged upon the persons to whom this acheme was submitted, as entitling it to @ favorable com> sideration, wes that the City of Mexico would probably be selected as the capital of the new eme pire, since a part of the plan embraced the exten- sion of its territory, peaceable or forcibly, further south. That project was laid before the Mexicam cabinet, by M. Laconza, the Minister of Foreign a Aflairs, and was urged by him in council, i speech of considerable length. It was resisted ether mem bers of the cabinet, and finally decl agent of this nefarious scheme left, soon for California. Mr. Doyle, the British Minist: was made aware of these’ proceedings, if he did not lend them countenince; but the imoression is, that the conspiracy received decided en- couragement from the B Legation. | am restreined by considerati the per sonal ae of individuals, from disclosing the reasons which opereted oa the Mexican cabie net, in rejecting this infamous overture, and also of ‘doing justice to those who entitled theme selves to immortal honor for scorning and de- novncing the proposition of the traitors, The day may not be distant, when they can receive all jus tier, and with less dan, than at nt. Pres- dent Teylor was not ignorant of this design and with hie oeval ey and resolution, had pro vided against injurious consequence: it might be mooted a8 a serious question, whether it is not the duty of our goverament to demand of Mexico, whether a scheme for itsdismemberment was thas entertained. I undertake to say, emphatically and unqualifiedly, such is my contidence in the infor- mation which has been placed at my disposal. so far as the — fact is concerned, that this move- ment may be verified in every esseatial jicular that | have stated, if Congress or the F:xecutive Department will direet the becessary inquiries to be inetituted. If the proof was questionanle in any form, | would net entertain it, but having seen the testimony, | have felt not only justified, but im- yelled by @ sense of moral obligation, in giving this statement to the publi “ashimgton % dent of the Cowrier a Mysteniovs Arrarn —Our community has been considers bly excited for some days past in conse- quence of a confession or revelation made by iss Bowlin, now a resident of Hart county, which implicates two of the citizens of this county, Jo- teph Fae and Riley Hill, in charge of murder, seid to have been committed seme Gabor. month The Indy had (as she stated )labor~ he constant fear of being herself til life had become wearisome to her. consequently took a dose of of her own life, and, while laboring under i and being informed by her that she must certainly die, she made the