The New York Herald Newspaper, July 12, 1850, Page 2

SP ST RET ALS TST PORT EET SE AFFAIRS IN THE GOLD COUNTRY, | hed got to San Miguel, where there io cote: | feetory, he was per -uaded by its superintendendant | to raise a party of men and go beck to the Colorado and there establish a ferry. This cottoa factory, by the by, is under the charge of a very intelligent and worthy Scorehman, J. P. Brodie by name. It was started in 1837, under the superintendence of Peck, Whose brother, a merchant of New York, 1 knew at that time. Mr. Brodie has had charge of it for several years last past. It is just one year ago to-day siace | was there ore na In order to disarm the bad opinion generally | learned from him many interestiag particulars r f i i q vi tlie now to formed of the want of sympathy of miners in this | nae the ory sais pee pig wountry, I request you to give publication to this | fied out by Mr. Brodie, went beck to the Colored sent communication. A person of the name of | and established a ferry just at the mouth of th x“. who, from age and other causes, was found | Gila. He hee been yn ge a tnoath, “oa incapacitated from earning a livelihood on this bar, | Gallantin and his party came i), ieee, were om. having expressed a desire to return to his home ia | ployea vy Le. asatigdon, as be di not cone fer the United States, if he had the necessary means, | himself safe with his own small party. | Gal ania, the miners unanimously, and with that generosity so | however, as | have before me en o Yam prov characteristic of Americans, raised a subscription | himself to be an outlaw, and unposed upon travel- a Mr. Onrcos Ban, Nontu For, Interesting Sketches from Our Galifornia | American River, (Cal.) March 22, 1850. Correspondents, Sympathy and Charity in the Gold Mines. in his behalf, and he will, in all probability, reach | les. Langdon was very desirous, after he your city by'the steamer which daries this woail. ; found out his + pried to ad of him.— Several miners have amassed fortunes in the | This is @ brief history o eir operations up to the time of the mussaere. They had at that | ume, it is supposed, taken at least $100,000, as there have been over 25,000 people crossed there the last three months, and the average price was about $4 toa man, including animals and equipages. Gallantin, as T wrote you in my last, had been to San Diego, (where one of his menshota soldier, for which he was imprisoned, and has escaped, and passed through this place a few days since.) On his return, he brought with hima supply of pro- visions, and some liquor. Being exhausted, and some of his men probably drunk, they lay down, and slept in their camp. Dr. Langaon’s party were on this side of the river. The Indians watched their opportunity, and, at a given signal, e leads of this bar in avery short time, and notwith- standing the high stage of the water, they still meet with the same success. Sonoranian Cam, Cal., May 26, 1850. The Tax om Foreigners—The Southern Mines— | The Quartz Gold—Indians—Trade, §¢. Some of the unwise legislation of our California law-makers is about bringing forth its fruit. One of the last acts of that body was to impose a tax of $20 per month on all foreigners working in the mines. The arrival of the tax-collector, within the last week, to enforce this law, has created the murdered. every inan, of both parties, with clubs. most intense excitement. Inflammatory placards are | {At the time of the murder, there were three of the being distributed in every direction, calling on all | oe up Se veh oe horgie pr pape pny mf a . ja ti 4 i ndian pl an je ripe ts sais a ticvet « Stew ed a | these imen beeame sus; rer ‘ted to the camp, , mbling to | and, by great good luck, made their escape. assist the collector; and how it is to ead, itis im- Drs. it and Hoxie inform me that the Indians possible to foresee. It is now having a most ruia- | were very numerous, and very hostile. In their ous efleet on commerce in this section, for here | $tiHion they would undoubtedly have been mur- the foreigners outnumber the Americans in the | dered, had it not been for the protection offered by proportion of about eight to one, and hence are the | a numerous body of Mexicaus, whe happened to be there at the time. These gentlemen say that rineipal consumers. Many are leaving for their | is li Domes. ‘The entire trade of the country is mono- | Eaee | uh Ege eg pee gins beng Pbbeons polized by Americans, und as the Mexican miners are an improvident race, the greater portion of their “dust”? found its way into the pockets of the same. - -y ; ~ : : the road, one of whom is ex-Governor Robinson, poorest ia Caloris the average jcld per men | of Texas. “This party stayed last winter at I Paso, <> reaching $4 ys day, ba hang erg the | Sokeaing the Clie: Calowlath ciaabamisialiats mericen miner would turn up his nose. Buteven 7 were the yield as gicat as the mines of the Sacra- bsleeel Mag aces ceseelobat tea gaee O78 mento, the intense heat of the summer would offer regard e the state of things at the river, and it 1s plo gy Serge k ihe suecese of " country | probable, in the course of the summer, a body of pay “8 ence tne southern mines have, thus | troops will be established at the mouth of the Gila. far, been worked exclusively by people from So- | You will recollect, in my communications lest nora, Chihuahua, and Lower California, who come summer, I have frequently reflected upon the re- up in vast numbers at the opening of every spring, | jnissnees of the government, in not before sending work all the summer, and retura home again in troops to that point. The robberies, and even the winter. They prefer the poorer mines of the sourderg, there, last summer, were very numerous, south to the richer ones of the Sacramento, for | Put nething to what will take place there the the reason, not only that they are nearer their ji i is force homes, but the extreme heat of the country, ee | sean eareena. foeee, 16 not. 9 aaaaeete® verty of the “ diggings,” secured them from mo- The i i i . 4 party with which I am connected are 4 station from the Americans. f i there to establish a ferry, and also to sell phd The State has no right to impose this tax in the stock of which we have purchased ia this place) to first place; and it Was inost unwise and impolitic in | the Indi In case we succeed to our expec- the second. Five or six doiiars, per month, would | tation: shall dlso establish a trading port at have been paid by them most cheerfully. cho Palmeae villages. We take with us two small The constituiioa of California is creditable to the jeces of artillery, anda uantity of fireart country, and the country owes its thanks to the | on) munition te abun ost We design to Te framers Ofthe same. Bat the ‘‘dunderheads” of | fruit our party to the desired “strength with emi- first legislature deserve its exeeration. The rants ple others we may meet with mn the accumulative wisdom of that august assemblage | Brag’ it we meet with nedelogs We ahoteseack seemed to have lost sight of the fact, that there | the river about the middle of June, ae it is distant Kas # constitution of California and | from this place $00 miles. 1 shall write to you from another of the United States ; for ia nearly every | shete i diately oa my arrival, and shall proba- —s pd a a they come ia conflict with | bly continue to do so regularly through the season, e 01 her. | i passin, i , Hints have aoe ine wellduring the past month, | "ae ara ee dis tic ake for the reason that the rains having ceased, they | ~ Pere i ji can no longer work high up in the ravines and Ament "y eg My be pega hen sa gorges of the mountains, and the swollen state of | good deal of building going on, as the inhabitants the streams prevents their going into the beds of | expect a large increase to their population next pear oat abouts month from this time, how- | wibter, Mr. Nathaniel Prior, one of the oldest ever, the mini il nmence in earnest, ie oi i 4 American residents, died here last week. He was Some magnificent specimens of gold and quartz is Bill be cent home by this steamer, valued at $7,000. | formerly from Louisville, Ky., and has been here ‘These seems to be ho end to the gold quartz of thé | Governor of Californie at the time of he wen ves country ; aud from the immense , locks, perforated | here in town, He has several houses here, and has in every duceion by the most beautitul veins of in the vicini "looki gold, that are being trough in every day feo al a rancho io the vicinity. He ds'.0. good looking, parte oft umes, both north and soath, | am fall) i .. of the apneces Set we are just getung into the | Hk hernehaeieersbaeaseatn Sait merits of the gold region. | My predictions about lumber and steamboats are | oop eg teens Ph es elle T. for an old blanket. Great apprehensions are felt here in regard to the fate of a party of Amerieans, known to be on about being veritied. Lumber cannot be sold now | recove: at any price, aud entire cargoes are abandoned to | ? the vessels, as the value and cost of moving it do | not begin to pay freight. Steamboats are wander- | iges jila—Indi: ing about now ia search of employment. Six more, | 2*@ligence from the Gila—Indian Depredatvons, §. verying im size froin 80 to 140 feet long, have ar- | _ { Wrote you last from Los Angeles. {am now ived here on shipboard since my last, making now | here in advance of my party, making final prepa- the astonishing number of 41 steamers, large and | rations for our expedition to the Colorado. Our small, navigating the Sacramento and San Joaquin teams and men will be up to-night, and to-morrow , rivers. The Goid Hunter, a fine new steamer, and : P very swift, has been running on the river fortwo | they start on the direct route via Agua Ca- Some of our company will take the route weeks past, and has not, as | understand, paid ex- | liente. perses; and has been bought by some merchants via San Diego, for the purpose of calling on the for a company of troops, to go of San Francisco, to run regularly to Mazatlan and |... A San Blas. She is advertised to commence her first | Military euthori tip on the 19th inst. This will be a great conve- | out with us, for it is pretty evident there is to be nience to emigrants coming through Mexico. || warm work at our place of destination, as indeed see that the price of fare to Sacramento is adver | there has b rn ‘i tived by the firm at $5. Four months ago it was at “here hds been already. $30. ow, that is what | call reasonable. At the old rates, @ poor maa could not afford to go up the river more than once a year. A war of extermination seems to have com- menced With the poor inotlensive Iadians of Cali- fornia. The aggressors, as usual, are the whites. Some brates, cailing themsetves men (Oregonians) Cuno, California, May 29, 1850. the Gila) is to the 17th instant. We had news from there several days previous to that date, at which time there had arrived a company from Missouri, of about thirty men. When they got to the river, they found it impossible to cross in defiance of the shot, in cold blood, last winter, men, en, ; forsooth, they must be exterminated. It is sin- | ha ga <n wat thre 9 bobind te eases ertely to be hoped that the government at home | Hh. when they wou (ee (iG enaat the cor ear Will take some steps, and that $000, 10 protect these | BOT" Was DLONgn here by wert ene voor inoflensive devils, the unprovoked butcheries | DuiSed we such. ‘Last might, there arived here of whom is without paraliel in the history of our | p Deeg Mexicans, who te the river several days y- = Raa, . . | subsequently to these Americans, and they report strongen weatht aeeanciaces a tow days, singn, 4 | that eleven Americans were killed on thie side of had beet viel by @ fire. The ground is all pe ie as they ae travelling yey baad road. covered over with houses, and in full operation. = ee rie Pt ae Fey of Americans 2ib.—The foreign miners are still coming here. in leavaat; anata was anon ies tates toe The excitement has subsided a little, and I think | Haws jo wall, (46 it was known they were short of that they will hardly venture to resist the tax Ly pee red wadhe rte got ‘oat the river, force of arms; their terror of the Americans is too “04 #8 they were travelling along this side, the In- deeply seated. It is the French and English popu. | 408 sprang ead edo from a thicket. It is fearful lection thet is endeavoring to arouse them to a vee to ye \ probable fate of the soaye ted that of what they consider their wrongs. Nearly four | S7¢ 2OW discending the Gila. If they shail have ed no intelligence of the sate of things at the crossing of the Colorado, before arriving there, and if they travel in small squads, as they usually do, they will all be cut off, ia this connection | can- not avord saydng, that I can buf think our govera- ment have been most remiss in not before establish- jog &@ military post at the mouth of the Gile. You ut recollect that the first letter I wrote you from place, nearly @ year ago, | gave you an ac- t ef the depredations of these Indians. Throvghout the whole of last season, they robbed and murdered emigrants at their pleasure. Repre- sentation after representation had been made to the miltary aushorives here, of this state of things, but tone eflect. And in consequence of th Meet of the government, great dissatisfaction exists «moag ‘Glen is now thoveand people are now assembled here, nine tenths of whom are from Sonora and Lower Cali- fornia. I am about to commence an exploration of the southern mines, and shall drop you a line from spots around, descriptive of the same. Cuvo, (sear Los Axor.rs,) May 7, 1850 Affairs mm California—Colone! Magruder and Cap- tain Hardeastle—Ther Movements—The Colo- rado Crossing—Shocking Downge— The Indians. Since my last letter, the emigration by this pla te been upon the decrease, as the Soaorians have nearly ull presed, avd the time for the spring emigration of Americans has aot yet 4 the people of this section, and a There arrived here, a few days, since Colonel xetudly being circulated at Los Am eles, to the Magroder and Capt. Hardcastle, of the army, with Secretary of War, that if the troops that are new a train of attendants. Col. M. belongs to the flyiag i? ye of ee —. cannot be so stationed artillery, a battery of which was given hin on the | sont tomnme-other quarter, General seaithy hes field of battle, at Cerro Gordo, by Gen. Scott. | here, iformed me, indeed, that he atended to on Since the war he has been stationed at Fort | tablish * rset there, ¥ son as a government ‘ 2. ‘ steamer shall errive, which can navigate the gulf. Pray oe Belimore, where bis family te | To thio gay he thinks sugplion con beraken out ai j. oe all less expense than by wagons across the. road from e ba oe, San Diego. However, I have little doubt that Sa ltin . ga when General Smith receives Col. Magruder’s He tanted deepatch, he will at once order Major Fitzgerald to Ad : See “ @ forer to the river y eae’ to purchase | The Indians of the valley, too, have commenced os a pe eon rf fg Be ge mf a + anew their depredations. Last week, Mr. Louis 7 oe he ; ey ; ip diate h _ en Lenbitest. 4a brother of the A ep a“ p of St. i" ut a v ouis,) hed bis entire stock taken off. His rancho ‘k. Hlotses are worth sljvins this to the Past. ‘ shell metnuct the pereon who takes this letter to Sen Diego, to write you from there, should there Cept belongs to the eagincer de. pariment of ihe service, and has bean consected | have arrived at that place additions! intelligence of importuner trom the river. "T. F. with the survey of the boundary line is the a of the men discending the ( part of the Unive on the line as this time, i¢ a Me. Thompson, of San Antonio, Texas. Le bas his family with him, wad also a son | With # fawely has seme dezen wagons in | train with gooda. May 10.- - tgeace sf & Fear t from the Co oe ae yey ALAPORNIA, April 39, 1850, i have written you, aon of by the he DD — wre of Major Generel Smith—WVillains dinns, With the exception of three men. This ia | “! 4 Crossing of the Colorado— Murder—Indi- po tous news, as it involve: my opinion, the | ems, Ar murder of ali +mall parties that shail hereafter ar- | I wrote you froin Los Angeles the past waek, five at the river Los Aworinx, May 24.—[ have now been here bot ne an opportunity presents of rading, by a pri about two weeks, having come in from Chino in | Y#te hand, to San Diego, I will add you a few compeny with Lene Men, mee Singer here, my- | more iteme, ee lf and five others have focmed a party, who will G Perni Snel tOoMDeE tebtie Gateande” Tease ena taal a — Persifor F. Sunith aad suite lot men who esenped from the: late massocre at that | hi ranch on Monday last, where they had been river, and have also seen some of a psrty of four- | for several days. The General was accompanied teen Americans, who, with about 100 Americans, | by Colonel Hooker, Lieutenant Gibba, of New crowed it three days after that event. From two | York, andjothers. He is muking « caretal survey of there, Dr. Hosic, of Columbus, Ga.,aad Dr. Hill, | of this part of the county, never having been in it of Nashville, Trno, I have learned fall particu. before. He went from San Diego to Warner's, lars. It eppenre that the ferry wae established (Agua Caliente,) and from thence here. While there last December by Dr. Langdon, of Shreve- here, he visited the Cahoone Puss, aud seleeted port taesand patty. Dr. Ly arrived at Taysoon late site on which will probably be erected, at some and having heard there a bad accoumt #f ture. time, « fortificution things at the river, determined to turn south and I % The troops have not yet arrived here, and it go down through Sonora to Guyamas on the Gall, not certain that they will for the present, we Gen and from thenee cross overto Lower California, ral Smith says he is short of funda, and cannot | and come up through it to San Diego, After he | establish apy new poste until further appropriations j Our latest intelligence from there (the mouth of | unexplored, and no new diggin, | Tnile< on the bill nnd reeine | @ bomber, end took eight re mode by Congress. I capnot, for myself, see the oa of thes eeemmen 3 ine there eae we at ;, ego about three hundred troops, having nn = earth todo. At this place the ge ment has aueady ineurred. an expense of about €6.000, ond is Goimpelled to go on the amount, by making @ neW contract for the use of a building. ‘The provisions for the sustenance of t men are all om hand, and the expense of gett the men here Would be but tristing. » ony In my last, I think I mad> some mention 6r ¢ state of things at the crossing of the Colorado, There isa of outlaws there, whe have seized upon the ferry, and levy an. enormous toll on every one thatcrosses. The head of these villains Was ® collier in Mexico, ana was, as Gen. Smith informed me, flogged at Perote, for stealing. He aman of education, having been brought up for a Catholic priest, and educated at Georgetown Col- lege. While General Smith was at San Diego, this fellow, with some of his men, was there also for a supply of provisions, and one of them, on some slight provocation, coolly shot down one of the sol- diers belonging to the garrison, who died almost instantly. The murderer was arrested, and will undoubiedly be hung. The emigration from Sonora is about over. It strikes me at least 10,000 men must have passed this renche within the last two months. Almost the entire mele adult population, it would sppear, have leftthe State. From one of the emigrants, lleurn that the Apaches have made proposals of peace. The fact is, they have robbed the country of all its stock, and there is now little inducement for further depredations. A tribe of Indians that live on an island in the Gulf of California, have lately visited the settlements in Sonora, and mur- dered many. My informant saw the remains of fourteen of one party that hadbeen slaughtered. An acquaintance Of mine is about proceeding to Sonora, for the Parpeee of bringing to this country adrove of sheep. They can be got there, it ap- pears, for about $2 head, and are worth some- timas here in the mines ‘*an ounce.” He intends to ferry them across the Gulf from Guyaimas to Molle del Rey, and thence through Lower Cahfor- nia to San Diego, and so up tothe mines. | It appeare everything at the North is going to ruin, but here everything betokens revival and im- provement. The people of Los Angeles are about establishing a paper in their city, and a gentleman recently from New York has ordered a press, \c., or that purpose. Navapa Crry, Cal., May 18, 1850. Indian Outrages—Fights with the Red Rascais— The Diggings, §c., Sc. I regret to inform you of the numerous depreda- tions which have been committed by the Indians, on the most respectable citizens of this vicinity, in the past six weeks. I learn that the cause of this outbreak was, that a squaw went to live witha negro, on the Niggar Bar, on the Yuba river. The Indians tried to get the squaw back, but she pre- ferred her new lover, and would not go. Owing to this, the Indians killed the negro. On the next day, one white and one black man crossed the river to get the dead body, when they were fired upon, and the white man killed. On the next day, eight men attempted to cross the river, and four of them were drowned. In the afternoon there was a party made up to go on the hunt forthem. They met the Indians, and a battle ensued, and the whites came off victorious, killing fifteen Indians. One pate man SO eee ze the 4 by an HW ‘he number that en; in that engagemen peed fifieen whites aad eben one hundred and fifty indians. Since that time, fer Reve been committing hos- tilities where and when the pepertennty ol them. They are pretty near all dressed now, and how have they got itt—I can answer. it 8 probably, what they plundered, but it may be that the whites gave it tothem. It is true that the whites gave them some slothing, but the majority of those clothes was obtained from the murdered men. I shall just mention of afew instances. There were three men who owned a saw mil on Wolfe Creek, # short distance from here ; these men fed near y a whole tribe of Indians suing the winter season. A bout a week ago, as they left their cabin, they met twelve or fifteen Indians, and who ap- peared as friendly as ever, and bid the whites good morning. The men then went on, and the Indians got between them ond the house, and then com- menced firing at them, killing one instantly ; the other tw@attempted to get back to the cabin for their fire arms, but the Indians headed them off. They then started and run, and the Indians after them, but they finally made their escape. One man had eleven arrows shot into him, ten of them in his erm and one in his hip. As soon as they ave the alarm, a party started off after the In- jians, and they took ope prieoner and killed an- other. They then took this Indian to the man that was wounded, and he ised him, and said that the clothes that he on belonged to the murdered man. Two small parties have after the red rascals; another company of volunteers a togo to clearthe mountains. Efforts are making te raive one hundred men, but I fear that they cannot raise that number of men here. There have beengseveral meetings held, and | feel sorry to say that we could raise thirty-tive only. e have been thrown in the midst of a surrounded by savage tribes of Indians, cutting o! our citizens day after day, and many of them our friends and neighbors athome. It is nusafe for a small company of men to go out prospecting ; and what will be the result? The country will be left will be found, un- less the Indians are driven back, and far back, and now is the time to do The rivers are so high that it is impossible to work fo least two weeks to come, and in that time we can clear the moun’ The 5 yer di on the hil! some are taking out one jars to the pan, at the Kiota Buckeye diggings, but the water is giving out, and they will have to be left until the Tainy season sets in again. Indian ht and Treaty in California, We extract the following report of a fight with the Indinns on Wolf Creek, from the Placer Times of the 29th of May, with the editorial remarks of “the editor; also the tr made by General Green of the y ria Mi with three chiefs of the 1 It will be seen that there was @ pret: ‘p skirmish between the contending . Green came down yesterday on the Gov. . He bas made a report to Gov. Burnett, a copy of which we append, and also a treaty or terme of truce, concluded with the Indian tribes oa the Yuba and Bear rivers, This is a movement ia the right direction. We hope indiscriminate out- d revenge have had their day. Nothing 8 €0 disgraced the early history of our State as the atrecious and ivhuman persecutions that have been inflicted upon these weak, ignorant and natu- ral flensi That they have retali- nee inthe enlightened cpinion of all who are foriliar with the subject. ‘We have seen but one expression, and that of un- qualified denvaciation upon those whose beastly paesions have led them to cemmit the murderous deeds, a recital of whieh shame has often led us to suppress, We delieve here are good men enough, now that the initintive has been taken, to carry out the example of conciliation which is here set forth, and we anticpmie favorable results from its publica- tion aed general circulation in the differeat mining and Indiwn regions, Gen. Green leaves immediately for Washington city, and will represent the state of Indian «affairs «dl we may soon look for a satis- fol edjustrnent ot the difficulties Tass our relations with the abori- gines of California. Ono, May 25, 1850, To his Excellency Peter H. Burnett, Gvernor and Commander-in- Chi f California Militia. Sin After my desparch to \ ou oo the 16th inst., I moved with Capt. Allgier's and Capt. Charles Hoyt’s mounted volunteers on the 17th, upon Bear river. On the afternoon of the same day, Lieut Bell, ef Capt. Aligier’s company, with ten men, being ent upon a scout, encountered a ber of Indians, killing five and brio prisoners. On the 18th T moved in the direction of Deer Creek, and scoured the coontry where a number of Indian depredations had beea committed We found the lodien villages newly deserted, and their trotle leeding south, in the di eetion of Bear river. On the 19th, parsuedseid trail the direction of Wolf creek, to where Col Holt was mordered and burnt in bie mill, fownd tee tudion villages in this neighborhood deserted, avd the white settle. ment ebendoned ; treile etill teading sourh, which we followed to Bear river, and encamped upon the same. On the 20th, leaving a camp guard with the homes, We crossed the river ov feet, to vieit a linge villege on the south of ssid river, whieh we found deve ried, and the trail reerossing ‘the river. Upon } our retorn 1 wes informed that a large number of | ladinne, between two acd three wnndred, had ae leembied on an elevated conical bill within two | | miles, a position evidentivy token to give battle, Afver exemining their position Lordered Gapt. Hoyt, | tele station at the foot of the | hill open the left, and with Captein Aligier, Lien. tenwnt Bell, ond the balance of the men, in ull 30, lL cherged up the most acer: sible side of the hill, vpen the righ to the comp, aod drove the Indi- ne vpen ¢ Hovt's poxnion, where a smart | | skirmish ened. We pursued them for several | . Killings eed wounding woners, Their chiefs wah cwenty men, t Lieut. Lewis, and Mr. Russell. My aid, Major Frederick ry, was accidentally shot through the ee the discharge of a rile. All doing well. The doy previous, in attempting to capture one of their spies, his determined resistance caused him to be shot, and in camp we found his remains upon a funeial pile, nearly consumed. Here we found « large amount of supplies, consisting of beef, sugar, tea, ond ether articles robbed from the wagors, and the clothes of the murdred teamster, Marty. On the aftemoon of the same day I sent ine Jollowing note, with @ flag of truce, to the chiefe, by en eld woman who had been takea priccner, ‘Worr Crkex Camp, May 20, 1850. To the Indian Chiefs Weima, Buckler, Poollel and others: \our people have been murdering ours, robbin, their wagons and burning houses. We have mai war upon you, killed your men, and taken prisoners your women and children. we tend you this plein talk by one of your grand mothers. ‘When you cease to rob and murder our le, we will cease to make war upon you, and then you can come in and get rag women and children, who will be taken care of in the meuntime. If you wieh peace, come down to Johnson’ Ranche, on ir river, and report yourselves to Capt. Chas. Hoyt, who wall protect you until your great father shail speak Tnos. J. Green, Maj. Ist Div. Cal. Militia. To-day the chiefs, with a number of men, met me at Kearny, and entered into the following treaty. It is my opinion, as well as the opinion Of viners better by eg arate with thege Jndians, that they will observe the treaty in good faith. It is to be hoped that no acts of aggression will be commenced upon them by the whites. These Indians can be made very useful to the miners if they have even a small rtion of justice extended to them. Heretofore a lew persons have monopolized much of their labor, by giving them a calico shirt per week and the most indifferent food. This is not only wrong, but highly disgraceful, when they would be content with the rey ef one-fourth of the wages of the white man. have scent these chiefs over on the North Fork of the American river, to bring in others now hos- tile, to Brigadier General Eastland, on Bear river, who will, in the absence of further instructions from your excellency, endeavor to bring them to terme. | have the honor to be, very respectfully, } our ob’t servt. Tuos. J. Green, Maj. Gen, Ist Div. Cal. Militia. ‘Town or Kearny, u Baer River, Yuba Co., California. ‘Whereas, numerous depredations and murders have been committed upon the persons and pro- perty of the American citizens in this vicinity, by the “native Indians, belonging to the tribes of the undersigned Chiefs; and whereas it became the duty of the undersigned, Thomas _J. Green, j Genéral ot the First Division of California Militia, to pursue and ish said depredators and mur- derers: Now, therefore, in the absence of higher Ssteonity, i, Thomas J. Green, Major General as aforesaid, on behalf of the people of California and the government of the United States on the one t, and the head Indian Chiefs, Weima and uchler, and Sub-Chief, Poolle], on the other party re] nting fully and completely their several tribes, de enter into the following solemn treaty of peace and friendship, to wit :— f Art. 1. Henceforth and forever the American citizens and the several tribes aforeme: shall live in peace and friendship. ft Art. 2. Should any Indian belonging to either bel id before oe tnbes —— any murder, robbery or other offence against the persons or pro- Tt} of the American diene, the offender or of- tender shall be promptly delivered up to the proper authorities for pocewre erie ert Art. 3. Shou ap oaar ye ewanee ve! se age commit any wrong upon the persons or property o! the elovesaeensonne tribes, they shall be punished therefor as the law directs. ‘ be, Art. 4. To prevent any hostile feelings arising be- tween the whites and Indians, as well as to prevent the friendly Indians from being mistaken for those unfriendly, itis hereby stipulated that the people of the beforementionsd tribes shall not carry arms while in the scttiements of the whites. Ait. 5. Te cultivate warmer friendship and ac- quaintance between the white people and the [n- dians, the latter are guarantied the tree use of the gold mines, and the full value of their labor in working the eame, without charge or hindrance; and any contract made between the Ia an whites, before competent witnesses, shall be re- coverable before any court of competent jurisdic- tion. Art. 6. The Indian prisoners shall be delivered up with the signing of this treaty. 4 Art.7. The government of the United States shali bave six months from this date to contirm, emend or annul this treaty; and should said go- yernment of the United St confirm the same, it is hereby stipulated that each of the beforemen- tioned tribes shall receive a semi-annual annvity of one thousand dollars, to be paid to them respec- tively for the term of ten years from the date there- In witness whereof, the undersigned parties be- fore mentioned, have signed, sealed and delivered this treaty, each to the other, he presence of Capt. Nicholaus All James Bell, J. S.C win P. Linek senbing witne see Maj. Gen. , Capt. Chas. H. Hoyt,Col. risty, counsellor at law, Ed- B. Fairchild, Joseph Foster, eub- Tuos. J. Green, Ist Div. California Militia. ‘eima, his X mark. Bucxier, his X mark. uy his X mark. Nicholous Allgier, Shas. H. H bris " rend, Joe. Foster, Interpreter. Fred. Emory, i John T. Hughes Aids. May 25h, 1860. Ewin P. Linck, Secretary. ‘The Wi juan Route to the Pacific. PETITION OF CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES. To the Henorable the Senate and House of Repre- sentatines of the United States :— We, the alan |, citizens of the United States, en route for California, would respectfully represent that we regard it of the utmoet importance that the various lines of communication between the eastern and western shores of the United States, across the central parts of the continent, should be unobstructed and free ; and that, therefore, if any ufppediment to such free transit should at any time urise, it is the duty of the American goveroment to lake coguizance thereof, and effect its removal. That it is the policy, and has been the desire, of the governanents of all the American republics to faciluate transit, whenever it may be effected, we have abundant pots and the ernment of the United States has exerted itself to secure perma- nently for its citizens, by treaty stipulations, the advantages of this liberal disposition. By weaty with New Granada all American citi- zens, and thwir personal efiecis, are allowed to pass freriy across the Isthmus of Panama; and by treaty with the republic of Nicaragua, not only is the feme right secured, and all property and merchan- dise passing in transitu exempt from chetge, but alsoull American vessels may enter any of the har- bors of the republic, on either ocean, free of portor other duties, Under a knowledge of these facts, and relying vpom the faith of treaties and the sup- rt of our government, we, the undersigned, se- jected the route across this isthmus, via. the port and riverof San Juan and Lake Nicaragua, to Califorsia; a choice which we have no reason to regret, except in so far as will now be mentioned. Upon arriving at the port of San Juan de Nicara- gua, we found it occupied by the officers and forces of Great Britain. An English vessel of war was an- chored inthe harbor, and Englich officers were ad- miniete ring all the affairs of the port; and above all was flymg the English fleg Here, although itis a notorions fact that this port has from time iimmemo- nul belonged to Spain, and subsequently to Nieara- Bia, we were compelled to pay to the said Euglish officers, on anchorage duty of 50 cents perton upon our veseel, and a duty of five per cent upon our ef- fects, meluding our provisions, medicines, &c., &c —an exaction unexpected, and from whieh, by our treaty with Nicaragua, we shou'd have been exempt. And eo far from being facilitated in our transit’ by the English officers aforesaid, we met sre kind of obstruction and hindrance at their Witnesses. are not unnequainted with the fact, that this port was seized by a British force early in 1843, under the pretence that it belonged to an Indiaa called “King of the Mosrquitor,” protected by Great Britein, and that it is now held under the termes of @ military armisuce with Nicaragua. Kut we would represent that so far as we ewuld ain, not a single ** Mosquito” Indian lives, or ever did live here ; and it is notori that the suppor ititions King of the Mosquitos, ex more authority here than the city of Phila T legislative, udininistrative, and execatiy powers, are exercised by a gentleman styliag him- telf “ British Consul,” assisted by some English subordinetes, and inglish officers of higher or lower renk, os may ¥ time visu the port ; and we hove good reason to believe that it is the | devign of the teb authori Titith government to establish Bri- permanently at this important point, its pretended relation with the Hito King, and ip spite of the stipa- the ermistice above mentioned The ‘onsul is pow disposing of lands under his ofhcial seal; Bntich engineers and officers are sut- veying the harbor and adjvcent shores with the epuised object of establishing fe ations, d materials for these end other permanent strac- hres sre now being brought from Jamaica; facts Which efleetoally dieprove any profeesions which the Britieh cabinet mey make to the contrary. We would alse 1 present, that by the armistice report HT of their me ed, besides wounded. We bed none billed, Wounded Capt. Moyt and with Niceragua a certain tanith waa fixed, to coa- tinue daring nid ‘armistice, bit that, ‘although the armistice ig still in foree, a new tariff has Tecenuly been promulgated, by which a duty of 2k per cent is i upon ail ¢: or articles passing outward from this port. Not only does this duty tai! beavily on the trade of the United States, to which ccuntty the larger 3 of these exports goes, but it operates as a ‘on all passengers rom Celifornia if the United States. And we would respectfully /epresent that no right or au- sheng exter tha wont oils ie, 22, nor yet for ireimen! i from the Fritieh consuls in American. ports, under pall t % Tous fee { this route must speedily beceme the principal line o1 “oMMunication be- tween the tern United States anu. Mersin 4 the easiest, quickest, cheapest, most he. ‘"!™ and agreeable—provided no unlawful obstructions are interpored, like those which now exist at the port of San Jui icaragua. And we would re- it is universally admitted that this is le route for a ship canal between the din the construction of which the United States is more deeply interested than any other nation on the globe), it is the duty of her government to permit no unfounded greteasions of sovereigaty, or territorial seizures under pretence of protection to savage tribes, to interpose against the construction such work, 67 to the embar- rassment of the transit of American citizens and their property. Amd we would further represent that we regard, as a sacred and paramount prin- ciple of Ameriean poliey, the entire exclusion of Evropean interference in the international of the American republics, and that it is incumbent upon the United States to interpose, in bel ond ways, egainst any such interference. And that, therefore, we most respectfally and earnestly petition and urge upon the Congress of the United States that measures may be taken to relieve American citizees, ond American trade, from the exactions to which they are row subjected at San Juan de Nicaragua, and to procure for them the full and effective enjoyment of the pgs and privileges ded by the republic of Ni the sole Sud fightfal owner ‘ot the port in question: and thus shall ever pray. Signed by J. E. Priest, and ninety-three other og) 5 the United States, and dated Realejo une, 1850. (From the Gazette of San Salvador, May, 1850.] Extract FROM THE AM\UAL MESSAGE OF THE Presipent or San Satvapor To THE Con@ress or THaT Rervniic.—With the ratification which has been given to thefpact celebrated in Leon on the 12th of November last, constituting the three states of Nicar: Honduras, and San Salvador, @ single nation, has arisen the most urgent neees- sity for conserving social order, without whieh pro- vision our welfare is precarious. This pact, al- though not all that might be desired, is perhaps the best adapted to our circumstances, and most in ac- cordance to the general wishes of the y therefore best able to give us, speedily, security from abroad, and peace and y at home. The new functionaries on the part of the State, to fill the positions assigned them under the National Government, have been elected, the manner of filing vacancies in their body has been pre- scribed. With the ratification of the of amity, navigation and commerce celebrated with the ple- nipotentiary of the United States, Hon. I. George ier, has been givennew eg to the great- tctand best interests ofthe States, Which ete, it and its tem of re- independence, its integrity, bikean goverament™ ” The United is the friend of liberty, and its prop in all quarters of the wor?, and our new relations with that republic, opens a brighter era for our State. San senna aed not, ae for ag first “yer mise these adv: origin of its independence im 1822, it ‘manifesta by a formal pronunciamento, its adhesion to the United States, and it has since shown, by repeated acts, its live! desire to be oe the same principles whi: have made thejgreatness of Ker wir Itis cer tain, citizen representatives, that our_ expecta- tions in this Te ctare well-founded. The hon- orable envoy of that nation, who is the organ by whose means we are able to know its disposition, has given this government the best securities in this rticuiat, frou which no government that is founded on good faith, is able to vary, and which, by its institanons embraces and everywhere pro- tects the liberty of the human race. ‘ In concord with the State of Nicaragua, it has n decreed, a8 an essential le of policy, the absolutejexclusion of all intervention, direct or indireet,of whatever foreign nation from our domes- tic and international afleirs, and our relations with the republican States of America; and ascontrary to the interests of those States, and dangerous to their peace and independence, the extension on the American continent of monarchical institutions, either by conquest, colonization, or the support of sovereigns among savage tribes, er by whatever other means. Our Philadelphia Correspondence, Paravecrata, July 10, 1850. The Great Fire i Philadelphia—The Leading In- crdents—The Loss, §c. The telegraphic report, published in the Herald of this morning, of the terrible conflagration which occurred in this city last evening, is, in the maia, as accurate and as full as circumstances, at the time, could possibly admit ot. The alarm of fire was given abeut half-past four o'clock, and com- menced at the flour and hay establishment, No. 78 North Wharves. Notwithstanding the narrow streets and alleys in the neighborhood, and the blistering heat of an unobstructed July sun, ina few minutes, several thousand men, women and children choked up every avenue leading to the scene of destruction. The firemen, who were, in great numbers, on the spot, worked with a will, but still the flames spread and spread with fearful rapidity, until they reached the saltpetre warehouse of Brock & Son, when a terrific explosion took place. Bales of cotton, hay, barrels, hegsheads, boxes, rafters, bean, and portions of the roof, all in an ignited mass, and en- cireled in a bright sheet of fire, were forced into the ai least one hundred and fifty feet, while above all, rose a white, misty column of smoke, which seemed, at least, to touch the clouds. It was the most awfully sublime sight [| ever At length the burning mass com- menced to descend, amid the crash of falling walls, and the wild efforts of the frenzied people below to escape what seemed to be certain, horri- ble destruction to all. In a few seoonds, what sights, what sounds! Men, women, and children, hed, and crisped out of all resemblance The wounded howling with agony, the uninjured shrieking from affright, while many madly planged into the Delaware to a form of death calculated to appal the stoutest hearts and strongest nerves. The firemen fell back, and with difficulty rescued their engines and hose carriages, ne “fom ina ate state; and = ie they were complete ic struck. the cessation, the fire” gathered addi- foree and fury, and came darting, with its vast forks of flame from house to house, unchecked and unopposed. As the flames spread. and phy columns of smoke rose an were slowly lifted over the city, the alarm, a the tolling ‘bells, was communicated in every di- rection, and fire hastened to the from every section of the county. The “ rowdy” companies, who had been ordered out of service, were promptly pardoned and taken into favor, and ie oe just Ly add they Lee te ai ‘airmount Company, one of the “ ori mustered one hundred toons, and ommhed tot fire with the wild and eager shouts of a storming party of veterans, resolved to do or di ight fell, the wind rose, and the fire raged, end roared, and devoured, with unaba- ted and naabating fury. Spire, steeple, and house top, glistened in the lurid light, and for twenty miles round the city, the fire could be distinctly seen. The inhabitants of the lower and upper districts took the alarm, and under the impression that the whole of the cit proper was one vast flame of fire, poured through the lead- ing avenues to Chesnut street in great numbers, A detachment of marines trom the Navy Yard was brought into requisition with the view of arresting the progress of the fire by blowing up the houses in the neighborhood, while at the same time telegra- phie despatches were forwarded, invoking the aid of the firemen of our sister cities of New York Baltimore. The newspaper offices, in Third street, were crowded with people, a divided interest literally ficcine them to the spot—at one moment eagerly | f stening to the last intelligence from the burnt trict, and the next jis i on the last report from hang the chamber of the dying heroand patriot at Wash+ ington. About eleven the flames were under control, and about t time ince ity, wee received that General Taylor had surre at last, but to no mortal enemy. It was ne: light before all danger was passed. The burnt district comprises an area of from fif- teen to twenty acres It is estimated that three hun dred buildings have been destroyed ; many of them large. warehovers, filled with the most valuable The loss in dollars will exceed one id mey pessibly reach double that . llew much of this is covered by insu- itis impossible to ascer , #8 most of the inereh offices act on the principle of keepin, ines to themselves their stoc! 4 from good an. esion of Mr. Green, who wee des gent to the istand of 8. Domingo last ulted in the entire removal of the divert. of tonnage Imtesligencer, Jw | fog the last week, and the deat h Our Canadian Correspondence. Toronto, July 8, 1850, The Representation of Canada— Welland Canal— Lake Navigation—Iuternal Improvements. ‘The account I gave, in my last, of the manner in which the proceedings are conducted in the gislature here, must have satisfied every reflecti.g person whe perused it, of the absurdity of suppo- sing that a people whe are so accustomed to the ettiquette and ceremonial of monarchy, eould be, all at once, transformed into r@publicans, or be satisfied with republican simpjicity. And this feel- ing will be strengtheucd, when the immense terri- is considered, which the annexationists pro- pose gha.! 0888 from under the dominion of Great: Britain, and beCoMe part and parcel of @ rival ” nation. , e The bill, which recently failed in the Assembly; for increasing the representation of Canada, defines: the boundaries of the several counties, of which: there are ne less then foriy-four in Lower Canada,- with four cities or towns; and_torty. with eight cities or towns, in Upper the former, twenty-seven counties are side of the St. Lawrence; and seven the other side extend to the remote bo the H 'y pany; comprising territory—of the magnitude of which form a conception, who has not re! map of North America—which was the French by the indomitable pe: energy of the Anglo Saxon race; and of which was ultimately achieved by Wolfe, and hisno less By the bill alluded to, Tidings, in both sections of send each two members; i fi i HEE: i | i i [ = 3 | F gE ifs Hl He Ba Monteguais, which, were to tentation, were to send one cities, Montreal and Quebec, members each 3 One city, the citiesof Hamilton and of Three Rivers, Sherbrook Ni a, Brockville, and Cornwall, one aking an entire total the ince, of one hundred and The chief objections to this row By » its petuating the distinction between two of the province, and fixing a representation of on the basis of the pareees population, however proper in the abstract, would not be: ble to the future requirements of a coleny, whose inhabitants in one section of the province are ra- pidly increasing, while those of the lower — Satiooery H generally ignorant the ts con ag tt they exercize at present; by wi ment of the day, let it belong to what are enabled to carry out its measures, or wrong. As has already been stated, the bill was thrown: out, the union ane requiring that two-thirds of the: —s menibers Popper yg Sir ma for any c! Tepresentation, a bi? co tne effect can be seamed “The. act, however, does not prevent the better adjust- ment of the present sey cag aanlhenws conse-- quently, a reas introduce uy the ov , for representation ef one tr two counlies, to meet the wishes and the better. to, known the views of their inhabitants. ‘There was another reetriction imposed by ‘he » of union, sao ba A og ay ctices that prevail wit appro=-* priting the revenue of the pre unately ‘ives the government the | cting, tm tte pat icati f whieb they pplication for m may not approve. ‘his was exemplified on | id az, letter, I gave a brief account of (he Welland Canal, whieh connects Lake Ontario with Lake Erie, terminating at Port Dalhousie. » this har- bor is twelve miles to the w:stward of the mouth of Niagara river, and is on the opposite side of Lake Ontario; and competent judges have esti- mated the loss, in time and money, by the outlet eS . canal being ee of at the entrance ol jagara river, at ,( per annum, e the risk incurred at nt, by a dangerous navi- gation, which would be wvctied were the termi nus of the Welland Canal at the latter point; which» might be eflected, by a branch canal of about ten miles in length, to connect with the main canal at Thorald, thus giving anether en- trance. Frequent applications have been made to Con- grees, to connect the waters of the two lakes, by a. canal through the American territory, owing to- this ghadwastegs which would be pabwes unne- cessary were U “Welland Canal to connect at Nia- 3 ly, a desire has prevaleat fix this tatrovechaat should’ be eiiectsd, eat'ei this imorovemen: to the (nn Ing enplal embarked in shipplag aud has been presented the millions of Of i id ¢ i I a i é insurance sidents of 58 captains of Vessels, and 4 representatives of insurance ¢9in~ A motion was made in the Assembly, on Friday evening, to refer this petition to a select committee to report upon. But, as it was considered to con— tain an implied ication for provincial aid, the Speaker ruled that the motion could not be enter- eet || being in Rape aw Lo the pes act, it Was consequently withdrawn. I regret to say that this application was opposed by the bers of the government on that akhough they expressed willi to grant a charter to any company w! might apply ine with a view to carry out the object of peti be The project has —_ beea revived, w connect Toronto with Lake Huron, to which I alluded in a former letter, and towards which, the corporation: = seek ete deed it koomiene i ’ mani- fested here as respects this Seantion ker Ca- preol, an exverecioing. inhabitant of Toronto, has re~ cently been to Portland, and returned with a letter from Mesers, John M. Wood & Co., of that extensive railroad contractors, offering, if & in reliable stock shall be subscribed by the citizens ° of Toronio and the inhabitants on the line of the propased rallcont or, if the corporations of Toronto. and the Simcoe district—the latter of which ly agreed to subscribe their quota of £50,000 unite with individual subseri and make up £150,000, they would subseribe re- maining stock, and complete the road in two y ing, socuety, for its completion, at the rate of A T mile, The Finance Committee, to which was referred’ the subject of retrenchment, have not made any report, and | expect their labors will be per- fectly nugatory. 1 some ti i that they had recommended that the Governor . General's silary should be reduced one ha!f—that ig to £3,500 coreneyy but daring the week, the government, which has a pre lerante im the com mittee, has contrived to have the matter referred to the Colonial Secretary in England, who ~ already expressed himself ‘opposed 1 to any ree The conductors of the vg met in conventi list week, principally ont] subject ey hoya Among other reforms, they recommend that there shall be no postage on papers between this Pro- vince and the United States, on account of the short distance they are seat belore _they reach the lines. They have also resolved to be lees acrimo- pions f iigin at Gi Jeareens te fature. The arl ©: in, with mue! Ty to invited ti convention to dine with hi Excellency; bat ‘ay hag the bad tase to + the invitation to vote, which was cariied in the negative. The compli~ ment was evidently intended for the press of the country, and may be consider d as paid to the corps editorin); ir declining to accept it, there- fore, wes not only a gratuitous insult offered to a British nobleman—the representative their tovereign, and an excellent man—but was com- promitiing their brethren of the profession every- Where in America; and will not produce any ver elevated idea of the correct and gentlemanly feel Bill wae passed on Friday night, ings of the a . he School being the fourth whieh has been introduced and passed within a short time. There was only one clause to whieh any exception was taken. i wae that which provided that separate schools should be established for the children of Roman Catholics and of the colored people; and which wis so amended as to authorize the establishing of euch schools, only when applied for. The Syned of the Preshyte: here lost week; and I regret to # Mr. Rabb, who hass brother another in New Orleans, died on 8 erysipclos. He wan in Halifex, Nowa Se is. some Six oF seven years since; where, a8 aleo at Hamil ten, he had a chureh. He was highly esteemed. ywers dur- e have had occasional thunder « fumes oppressive. On Thursday pired while drinking cold water. A Fartrret 8. the Bouth. on Sat olored. wor slave, wae lieing She could not account for ber friend rupee Felt of the opy id not bel! behind, And nding herteif left. and only inter! co reaehing ber mistress, immed started fff. following the railroad track as her enide, sod slop. ing ony thet neh. purhed on all ‘ny eaai slept our Cont nigh? and reached hore on Mom: 4 fre abou! 11 o'stock, having travelled the Aad miles on | vh— SprimgAeld (Mase) Repubiienn, July 9,