The New York Herald Newspaper, October 27, 1849, Page 1

NO. 5621. MORNING EDITION--- OCTOBER 27, Arrival of the Europa’s Mails. HIGHLY INTERESIING DETAILS, ner OUR EUROPEAN CORRESPONDENCE. THE TURKISH QUESTION. ‘THE AMERICAN FLEET IN THE MEDITERRANEAN The Diplomatic Trouble with France. INSTRUCTIONS TO M. SAIN DE BOIS LE COMTE. errr Interview between the American Minister and the President of the French Republic. The English View of the Nicaragua Question. THE VERY LATEST NEWS, Be. he., See ‘The steamrhip Europa arrived at Boston on Thurs- day night, and byt walls, in part, reached this city las ening by the Mew Haven route. The details of the news are particularly interesting. The Diplomatic Trouble with the French Minister, ‘The Paris Moniteur of the Sth inst, says: — An evening jourval bas connected the nomination of M. de Bois le Comte to Washington, with the diploma- tic incident thet lately occurred in the United States, the first news of which reached Paris yesterday. This connection is quite erroneous. At the time when M. Bois le Comte was nominated by the French govern- ment, they were entirely uoaware of what had happen- od in Americ The Journal du Havre says :— It is aunouvnced that the instructions given to M. Bois le Comte are of u nature to emooth over the difl- culties which have arisen between the United States government and M. Poussin In fact, the French cabi- net dieapproves of the latter individual’s course; they propose, it is said, to submit the question to the arbitration of athird power, The miaister plenipotentiary from the United States visited L'E:y: ce, on the 9th instant, id had #lorg conference with the President of the republic Independently of the question regarding M. Poussin, Minister from France to Washington, another differ- ence exists between the French and American repub- lies. It is relative to the concession of territory which the Chinere government, at the demand of M. de Mon- tigny, our Consul at Shang-hai, bas made to France, for hiin to make concessions of it to the representatives of ether powers. The American Consul, not being able to come toan arrangement with M. de Montigny, and ¥., Forth Rouen, Frenca Charge d’Affaires at Canton, as to the portion to be awarded to his nation, has re- ferred the matter to Washington. The difficulty is still pending; but, owing to the conciliatory epirit shown by France in this matter, the affair will soon be ar- the arrangements are not as yet complete, but it i to be certain that M. Simounet bas been nominated for the cfice of Consul General in Havi M. Simou- met har been station: 4 at New York, where his place ts to be filled by M D'Hauterive, who was Consul General in Carsces. On the strength of assertions made by the United | States Minister, the police bave lately embargoed the shipping of a certain quantity of warlike arms, ordered ata French manufactory by » New Orleans house, ‘There is procf positive in existenee, it is sald, that these arms were destined for the Cuban expedition. VUE FNOLISH PRESS. don ‘Times, Oot, 10) th attention the wh Sieial jourmal to the transactions which led ure becween the American Coillanme Tell Poussin, the in anoth: OPINIONS OF (irom the L We bave perv overnment and M orecited Minister of France, aud we publi column three very extra: to have terminated this dicpate, That of Mr. Clayton, the American Secretary of State, addressed directly to the Freneh Minister tor ‘oretgn Affa! all diplomatic uenge) i: certainly @ very startling pro- duction. and whatever nay Dave been the indiscretion of M. Poussin, it must by confessed that the tone of the \ipister of the ates is such as bh: eeldom 1 ly # ighly of fone and diseourie ani in pubstence,” be # publie duties, Mr. Clayton has tena xious to the charge of using ii; 0nd hit communi both to M. Poorein and to M de 1 usually adopied by the hen: manding bis own robes ~queville are inthe style 4 departaent in repri- eo. bat are utterly unfit to be addressed to the eo equal ministers of a forerga M, de Tooqveritios despatch, on the other | rked by anevident aod porhaps am exous- whioh he regard to openention in whi yieetions are, of eour Ato differences of legal opiate emeornh over an inetiens f “4 w eculd wet be p the merfte cf ¢ the disputes origive open to direurrion » ‘bat to quarrel about t of thal @ienity whieh the n ministers seem #0 analovs ert thy |, moreover, hare been perfeetly aware, o't vey broke olf their tae tereoure wiih M Powsio. Uist the Frenos goverament w nt of tecat ug bier and that (bee. nie Weeks been on etter of the 2 igm uinister k eredit of the A od and folto for the they Irad roore fully eons! the most important precedent affoded by their owa history in aense of this nature, which paces in @ very at hing © forbenraoce and wiedem of the t mortal founders of (heir own commonwealth, Citi- Gienet, who was deparched as to Washington int *. in hie Fowsin, War bad jut broken out between nala poltey ef the Ane Heme ly teeved evn equipped rte lied and outraged the the %ar party bu the bor eabine! demanded bis 1 ample env Bone member Representative oe whieh, lode of the government ot fia, butihis by the Prest- | asin all fea in the eo repult might 4 evperneded f A private ¢ attained without in the present insteces. in recent tt ceed # more rent r petition of thin whou waa um + last century, at we revert bo the eubject cl dress #6 divooe They tend to le may rometies be th envoy to apoat and fot in the di Nie du They tha ter the lowest order of popu wy pas apenas ef the and t durncl ® « country; ond every caro io an erent has taken place Without Iraq t 4 conse qUeLoes, pores Be wp for tt ition of the practice to be lightly entot F they intro, wel and itcontenieut distin between tne au cutoy nod his public © miesion whieh Metal ch Fr and effae p #bich onght to belong indel Germon Correspondence. F ros cite Marve, Oot, 8, 1849, The mer ti Force in the Mediterrancan= Its On operetion with the Englioh and French Fleets in the Turkish Question- [por fa Naval Station. ‘The American fect in (he Mediterranean fs f Regiaed and Fra ot of the Tarkiah go- 4 Polish refugees be co-operating with there supporting the h e cond verpment towards the iungarian The disoreditabio and unearran table exactions of Ras- sia ahd Aurtria can have no meaning, anless those two Sip pretext for a quarrel, with versie the al Tntktsh empire re Wave oF inary letters which appear | s (coutrary to | Roomplote absence | foe whole eolicitnds of the | Russia. However this may be, and whatever the final result of such an attempt on the partof Russia may be, one thing 18 certain—the commercial as well as the po- litical interests of the U. States in the East aroat stake, It would, therefore, be of the highest importanoe—ia- deed we may say, it is almost « necessity—in order to be prepared for all eventualities, and keep unimpaired eur natural influence on the affairs of Europe and Asia, to seize the present occasion of acquiring by treaty or by purchase a permanent station for our naval forces in the Mediterranean, No spot would be more appropriate for this purpose than the little island of Patmos, (now called Patino or Palmosa,) which lies south of the island of Samos, abeut the middle of the eastern side of the Archipelago, com- manding the passage from Constantinople to Syria and Egypt. The coasts of this little island, which is in every respect a second Malta, abound in good harbors, and the port of Scala is one of the finest In the whole Archipelago, The population of Patmos consists of a small number of Greeks, who live in great poverty, the island being for the most part « barren rock, and the rest badly cultivated. On the top of one of the moun- teins, in the highest region of the island, close to the little town of Fatmo, the only place upon it, lies the strongly fortified Greek monastery of St. John the Evangelist, who, during bis exile here, (Rev. i, 9.) wrote in the celebrated grotto that is still shown to the pil- grim, the Apoealypse, or Book of Revelation. This island belongs to Turkey, which seems to set no value upon it, and would perhaps even gladly cede it to the United States, hoping thus to gain a point of sup- port against the influence of Ru Interesting from Turkey. OUR CONSTANTINOPLE CORRESPONDENCE. Coxsrantinorie, September 21, 1849. Highly Interesting Letter—The Hungarian Refugees a Widdin—Trip with the Russian Envoy —The Syinpathy of New York—The Refugees from London—The Syinpa thy of Gresce. Since my last letters, from Buda and Temeswar, my companion and self have been so fortunate as to escape down to this place, along the Danubs. Goorgey’s de- feetion quite put an end to all hopes of repelling the immense forces of the Russians Paskiewitch brought all his corps de reserve into action at the moment when our brave commander, Bem, was weakest, both in point of forces and person, and we could not standit. After 18 hours continued fighting. in which some desperate acts—such acts as are committed only by those men who fight for thetr homes and their lives—were effected, such as I shall never forget, Bem fled to join his own corps d’armée in Transylvania; but, since then, Luders the Danube, with Kossuth and Dembinski. Several of us reached, with no little difficulty, the town of Belgrade, below Peterwardein, and there, with the assistance of the S*’** Consul, succeeded in procuring permits to come on down here. At Widden we were near coming toa stand, but the name of Iadjar acted miraculously upon the Turks, aud we got ou immedi- ately. We came down here in an Austrian steam which had on board Prince Radziwill, one of Nicholas’s aid-de-camps, sent to demand us of the Sultan. companions, They are the guests of Sclim Pacha, the commander of the fortress of Widdin. They are de. tained there, butare mot prisoners, Fuad Eifendi, the Ottoman commissioner at Bucharest, in Moldavia, or- dered him to detain them until he could commuaicate withthe Grand Vizier. This step has dowe no little evil. for Russia has and will now continue to claim Had they been allowed to pass on, they would ‘ome on down here, and gone away to England or to the United States We have heard, with grateful hearts, of the sympathy of the people of your eity for us. Long may the peo- ple of tbe United Siates evjoy the blessings of a tree and just government. Noue could have straggied hard. er than the Huvgarians to follow your exsmyle, aad cust off the galling yoke of Austrian despotiim. We have only sucoumbed to numbers. Austria, complete- | ly beaten by us, had to call (o her suceor too wid of the | Rustiacs~ a step deeply unpopular among all true- | hearted German the thrice eur icy of Metternica tu continue the » Dane of thelr fatherland, and they way yet open a way Some, by the kindness of tuceceded ia getting back to their couutry by land, is now closed againet them. ‘They are subsistiag here, om the funds generouly given to them iu Euglead by the relief A Genoese brig cate in tho day of my arrival from Genoa, with eixty more, (some of them Poles); lowed to land, and after being Duteh ) ieft for ans weleoms aud Kaoxiwlil was not long Ewyeror Nichoixs known to (he Sultan. with hiw an autograph letter, expressive ot that aio- | dest request. ‘Tbe Suitan bed already given « flat re- | fwal to the Aurtrian Internuncio, aud it is said | could mot copceal bis dissatl-faction at the language | ef the Emperor, be referred the matwr to the | ntuiaters. at the earme time expresring his regret that the Emperor rhe him to do what no honor. of for ® moment. The affair dl, euded, a it was imag _ dent Hureian mintet four hours for | a ebange of determination, under the threat of | sation ef his official intercourse with the Porte, | baving dene so in vain, has placed bis subjects uo the protection of the Russinn Legation. Lhe same menace Was wade by the Austrian envoy, in a milder form, and it 1 believed he will foilow suite, Kadaiwill has gone back to st Petersburg without us. or any of the vietims ¥Lom he expested to carry with hia, en triumphe “Bad luek to bia,” as frieud Me #ould eay, avd will ray, | am eure, # ay this, The Sultan, though young, and. ppored to be inate, Lat, in the pretent mome ‘ot danger to t and throue, shown much of the cha- recter of his inte father To some of bis minis ters, who were disposed to temporize with the de- mand of the Rurmaw autocrat, he sharply replied that he would mever deliver up such brave men as ‘Lowe ot Wiadin who bed thrown themselves upon | bis hospitality aud protection; and detarmt- pation bas been ag firm asa rook. All the imhabi- tants of the city, small aod great, are loud in ccmmendaton of the Sultan's retusa; aad the Ginnd Muti, who was cows Suiten, at | ovee replied that the islam bade escred riguts of horpttality !— any infraction or th 3 nd powerful enemy of Tarkey, urela ie where the peblo stam arcing the lion un bis den.” Eng avd @0d brep it is bellewed here, support the | Sultan; they ceunot allow Kureia to make war upon the Suite, op a case like thie; aid the Lusperor will eer- remember that Tarkey, Citeaveia, Poland, Galiacia, tainly, before he attempts wery the Crtm aience of power” uf & y sfvl Rw Austria has degraded bereelf Intely to the grade of @ t huropean power, She existe but by Russian aid, and must fall, fod forever, ¥en it is removed. | What varied scenes, my deat friend, have I not paved th \ tines | parted from you and our other gered iriends in New York! 1 came too late to be &: taueh cervice to my poor country, which te what I most regret, | still, Bowever, hope fora brighter bave=tbnice brave Hungary, My unfortuna try mem | are alt b from the Poles, dhey will ay ture, comchmen, groome—eny thing, in feot, b hommes de plume, whieh they not. A benevol society has been formed here, and at Athens in Grevee, to give thoee who ar | porary aerietance them to ycur good will and feelin; | United States, accor Allow me to recommend any of , Who may go to the S PROM THR NEWSPAPER There is no | fotellige nee as to t Letween Rur dd the Porte, It is fotiaated im well- informed quarters that the Caar will bite the dost, tering the bold front whieh bngland end France have ebown in the afar f. w days more the determing tron of the Rm perce will doubtiers be made known. for the question @ curious deteils jublicbed sing Prince Kaan sillwith the Sultan the Prince left on the 17th alt, by the packet for Geom tie was to have been re- ceived im the evuree of the day by the Sultan, but, in how of bis abrupt departure, hix sudtenes to as eraced from the prograwae, erid ¢f Ube fret muotence be (rue the Sultan would not be much eonesrhed at wet baving bad to grant « s0- crd it would appear thet Prinee Raoztwili, more ac- custeed to earry mintary order than diplomatic avrying his The Satan Affairs, an the Minteter of bh nn wnusoel p plied thet 1 was the military Sve how Cure cotived of a Generel, bot ae an Envey clerced with @ ¢iplomatio mission, if this anecdote o tue. Fripes Ledsteiil opened bis campaige badly, e Sultan giving @ lerson of politeness to the atd-de- lire one of homaptty to the Emperce Fead bel, Sho bas been barged to antty Vas Seplg of the e peror opeake Preneh fluently. He is Bees, Fi Breet rang Jrod, pleasing caured him to disband it, and he is now in Widdin, on — Wecould not see M. Kossuth or any of his brave « if what ts | | feet, had tought an esylum en @ foreiga tao manners, distinguished address, and great aptitude for business; (he has successively represented the Porte at London, Madrid, and Lisbon;) in a word. dered to be a man equal to any dime’ further stated that the attitu 1d the spirit of the people excellent; there is not the slightest symptom of uneasiness in the public mind. Every one, on the contrary, congratulates the Sultan and bis ministers on having shown firmness and reso- tion on a question of humanity. and which so highly interests the bev oven § and honor of the country. The Constantinople papers to the 24th ult have come to hand, but they throw little light on the question of the rupture between the Porte and the Northern | Sapa On the subject of the Hungarian refugees, © Constantinople Journal merely ne) Bince our last, nothing new has take: the cuestion of the extradition of the political refagees who sre ac Widdin, Things remain in statu yuo until the return of Fund Effendi, who has proceeded to St. Petersburg, with the reply ef the Porte. It 1s hoped that the wiedom of the overpuients interested in the question, will suoseed in sot- ling it without injury to the rights or diguity of either of them. (From the Manchester Times, Oct. 13.) Nothing further bas occurred to alter the relations of Turkey and Russia, as the reply of the Czar to the Sultan's decision would only reach Constantinople about the presept time. Public opinion there. con- tinued. accerding to last advices, very favorable to the decided conduct of Sir Strattord Canning a1 eneral Avpick. wn vfmerican corvette and @ French war steamer ave conveyed a number of Polish or Hungarian re ~ Srom Constantinople. — IMPORTANT INTELLIG 3 The following article from the Paris Journal de Débuts is important, in consequence of the views it opens up cs the present designs of Russia on the future peace of Europe : From letters received from Constantinople, and from information derived from a good source, we are led to believe that the affluir of the Hungarian refugees in ‘Turkey will be terminated much more promptly than wasimagined. For our part, we have never believed that a serious quarre! could arise from such a but we thought that, having broken forth in sueh a a violent wanner, Russian diplomacy would at least take its time to makeun honorable retreat, aud endea- vor to withdraw its amour propre from the game in the most ekilfal manner possible, We have reason to be- lieve that alter the departure of Prince Radzivil, M. Titoff made overtures to the Divan which were equivalent to # complete withdrawal of the pretensions of Rus- sia. If this the effect of an honorable repentance we cannot but congratulate hig on it, it is, however, posible that this sudden veering about may be ins tended to veil some deep combination which’ escapes our knowledge. Hustian diplomasy is se skilful, and the government cf the Emperor Nicholas follows such strange paths! It is,im fact, ead, that when the idea of making the exorbitant demand for extradition was started, the ministers and advisers of the Caar endea- yored to turn him from the project, by representing to him the direstroue effect which it could not fail to have among the fee people of the west, and that the reply which they obtained from their master was nearly as foliows :—» Let me alone; I have my desing; | know the advantage | may one dey derive from putting for- ward these pretensions, although | know very well that ifs were the Grand urk, | certainly would hot submit to them” If this anecdote be correct, aud we hare reason to believeit to be so. the Emperor Ni jas has the merit of having justly foreseen Sad has the advan. tage of Per log, a8 previotion alfeady partly realized. It isfor liberal Europe to be on its guard, if it would prevent the other part of the prophecy from being ac- complished at its expense. Im the meaptiae, it appears to bave iesclutely adopted its plans, if we may judge from the note which the English government has a Gressed to St. Petersburgh, and which {s no loxger @ feeret to any one, This doeumvot, whieh has been alrendy communicated to the French government, and almost, even, tothe public, with an eagerness which is @ proof ofan inflexible determination. bezina by admittiag the great services whick Russia bas just rendered to the caure of European peace, by lending the aid of its army to euppre-s the Hungarian insurrection, and tbe ineoptestibie right which she has to demand that the rebels should not remain near her frontiers on the Turhich territory, But does she not run the risk of cemprowiting the fruit of her efforts and of her victory, by putting forth claims against the vanquished which d the principles of ti Europe? The note adds without wishi ws the question of right, m, the English govern: hb eentary, piere relative to jt , BBY Siate could demand from its neighbors the radition of political individuals who, after their de- it con- | cludes by expressing the firm hope that reasons of | Bonor aud of generosity Will find an echo in the mag- panimous heart of the Emperor Nicholas, and that the Englth government, already solicited by its , the | Sultan, will mot be forced, by the persistance of the Germans caunot, certainly, allow | Rusalan sgents at Co satalan. te edngt moans fe We Ueieace of which Ts Impor. . to its consideration in ye French goverpment, up to this time, bi #8 Celat to its proceedings than the exbines of Lord J, Ruerell bas done, but %e are persuaded that it has been neither less firm nor lees absolute Besides, | the opportunity wes too good for ii to be possible to | through Repneli.aud over the Danube But tbat passage | ncble-hesrted Britainers, who stepped forward to their | n by the young Sultan, is like | allow it to escape; the condvet to be pursued was too cleerly traced out, ‘and success too jcertain. The on thing whieh ts yet inexplicable to us fo the whole affuir, ie the motive which could bave induced Kussia to ad- vance #0 boldly on a ground where she was so certain to be compelled to draw back. THE RUNGAKIAN REFUGEES AT WIDDIN—THE CHA- RACTER OF PRINCK RADZIWILL, THE RUSSIAN EN- voy, ETC. ‘The fcllowing letter, from Widdin, will be found in- teresting -— Wionry, September £2. 1849. ‘The Hungerina, Polish, and Italian refugees whe here, receive from the Turkish thorities the most lively marks of friexdship and sympathy. Before the arrival of Friuce Radaiwill, at Coustantinopie, some Moliabe celled upon the refugees to exhort them to embrace the lelam faith; General Bem and his Aid-de- Camp. Captein Zavaycki, are the only Poles who listen- ed to the preporal of adopting the precepts of the out between Russia and As regards the other refugees, some, whore the Lorte. nationality wae doubtful, decided at ou the turban, General Dembinski was the most arridueve attentions on the part of the Mollah ud the moet brilliant offers were made to him by the ‘Turkish suthorities, but in vain; tho Geueral, more over, is married, and bas two sons prosecuting their sindies in Germany Within the lest few days four hundred additional ‘Turkish troops have artived here by order of the Tark- ich government, to prevent a coup de main by the Rus Han troops, ¥ » im force in the Molido- Wailaehian provinces” The generals and officers of the refugees, 1o whom it War propo: y thould remove to Schumia, where they would be in greater eafety, r fused to separate frem their men. who ere sitll under Co ye pertect 1 man, be came to Turkey With a French passport, but he vil pot leave bis ecappat riots, whom he commanded during their retreat, and with whom be crossed the Turkish frontier. All the Poles feel the greatest indign: Prince Radziwill, who was ® brother-in- of them, end where condvet bas just ac fol a nctoriety for bis nat went of Poland Con tautinople made a great impresrion upon the Sal- ten end the Divan. Desirews cf knowing the charac- ter ard the sntecedents of the ambassador extrac Cinery of the Emperor, he ordered information to bo obtained, the result of which was that the Sultan e: pressed bis sorrow and disatisiaction to bis ministers At the choice made by the Emperor on this oocasion. According to tht rmation it appeats that Prine Kadaiwili obtaine mmirrion ip the imperial Guar: (os royslcadet,cr junker) in 1826 or 1827, in ti then quarteged at Waray. T ing been promoted to the rank ef liew- tepent, returning Lome one night, be met in the prin- cipal street of Warraw ® young married woman, Ma- done N , who was returning home, leaning on ber hus- band’s erm, Prince Radsiwill was accompanied by a frtend, Ensign ©. Struck by the beanty of Madame } he, with the assistance of his companion, endeavored to cerry her eff ly main force, when the guard on duty, fie, came up and took the two 0} yand Duke Constantine, who, despi iclent and despotic ebaracter, is ertheless a G by astrict renee of justice, had the two youn; men brought before « court martial, who deprive: them of their rank as officers. and ordered them to be dratied as pilvates in two cavairy regiments The | sentence was carried out as regards the ensign; an want of employment, a tem. | | Attbe breaking cut of the revolutic | expres order from St, Petersburg from the Emperor, commuted the sentence of Prince Radziwill into one month's tmprtsorment in thesorivess of Madhy, in consideration of revelations mace by him with regard to his brother efficers of 1831, Prince Kudsiwili's regiment ecoompanied the Grand Duke ia which the generority of the Polish Pro d kim to make from the embered that the ubrequentiy to mareh agatnec With the troops that were present in that & step which led to an open rupture be end General Diebitveh. On this oc- Verran retreet tween bine j earion Pileee Recnwili eelicited more aetive em- | leyment, and to be ailowed to fight egalnst—to use is own exprension—his rebeliious compatriots, His granted Foil, ond given the ecto excite the rising of the py Glachia aod Lubly, At the close eror appetated him his w er. end to the sean?’ aden mariage for him wh kof et) Naeem, ard his w iequest He was eppointed ald ds-camp vd of & divicion antry of the dis- f the enm- bad eontl Hriter Michel, commander who bed provided for his wane piven bim many marks ot bie iderahty nion in Kuesta, both ac court and ed as regarded Prince Redsie dll tte men the bieck officer. om unentt bestowed upon effleers ready to do nebatever, The tortuoe of Prince Redzi @ than ten mil- d relationship with Teae. ed Nie just indignation at therelection of Prince Hadzt- Will, the Sultan om his side bas acted very differently, in bie wieh to bis powerful neighbor, at the same time thet he | by releoting for his envoy to Russia one of the most honored statesmen of his empire, Fuad Efendi is, in fact, distinguished equally by h eos experience in public affairs aud the elevation of his character. He epjoys a high reputation, not only in Turkey but abroad, where he has maneged difficult and important missions.” ‘Threats ot War from England, on the Nicaragua Question, [eee the London Chroniete, Oct. 13.) ‘The divcursion which has arisen between the govern- country, with refe- tate of Nicaragua Moequito country. takes its origin and its im- po from the project for establishing a canal be- tween the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, which shall pars throuch that portion of the isthmus between the two portions of the American continent. Certain pri- vate individuals, citizens of the United States, who de- scribe themselves as members of the Nicaraguan Com- pany, bave obtained from the Sinte of that name a ca- pal charter or grant, empowering them to constract this important line of communication, on certain ter But, a8 considerable doubt exists (aswe shall preaently show) with reference to the limits within which the State of Nicaragua bas the power to make such @ concession, there adventurers are anxious to cause # treaty to be concluded between the government of the United States and that of Nicaragua, whereby the United States should guaiantee— 1st, the right of sovereignty of Nicaregua over the territory through which the canal may pass; and, secondly, the neutral- ity and freedom of travsit which is essential to the pub- lie utility of the undertaking. An American agent ha: actually been despatched to Nicaragua, by the cabine: of Washington, for the purpose of effecting these ob- jects, We understand. however, that the New York company does not propose to construct the canal, and has bo tnds for such an undertaking, but simply to obtain the concession, surmount the political obstacles, and then sell its privilege, If this transaction were to lead to the speedy exeou- tion of a work of such importance and advantage to the conimerce of the werld, with a due regard to the existing rights of all parties, itis the height of absurdity and injustice to suppose that it could be the interest or the vention of the British government to thwart such a pro- ct. On the contrary, we are satisfied that the politi- and mercautile interests of Great Britian would edily promote feasible scheme for opening ® di- rect communication between the tacific aad Atlantic oceans, and that the people of this country would be of opinton thet such a canal ought to be regarded as & free and neutral Ligh road of trade. placed tor that par- ose, net under the exclusive control of any one State, ut under the protection of all the maritime powers It this priuciple and this plain object be adhered to, tkere could be po doubt that a public company, pre- pared to execute there works. would obtaia as much support here as in the United States. But, in order to understand the diflieully which seems to have arisen, it is necessary to revert to the peculiar circumstances of the territory in question. The State of Nicara: termed, under the Sp Phe Captaiu-Gene- raiey of Guatemala,” and it is now one of the inde- pendent republics of Central America, bounded to the south by New Grevada to the west by Gaate- mala, and to the north aod enst by the Mosquito territory. This region is stated by Sir, Walker and Mr Chatfield, British agents at bluefelds and Gu temala, to bave belonged to au independent r of Indian kinge ever since the full of Moatezuma, having a recognised territory appertaining to them. selves. Itis an undoubted fact that, fortwo huadred or more, Great Britain has been in intimate ion and friendship with the Morquito chiefs and ry t wople Articles of egreement were avtually signed tween Governor of Jamaica and thy Mosquito Chief in 1 nd, on many occasions in the last cea- tury. these tribes were shown to be not subject to the crown of Spain, but uncer the protection of this coun- — try. ihe States of Central America which have thrown off the Spanish yoke cannot, of course. pretend to any territorial rights not derived from their mother couniry, or any provincial rights beyond their own frontiers. Upon @ careful examination of the histori: cal evidence collected by the Sritish missions on the pot, wbich bas subsequently beea laid before Parlia- | went inthe correspondence relating to the Mo-quito territory, Lord Palmerston laid down the limits ot that State aid the nature of its relations to this country ia the most precise manner. Iie instructed the British agents to inform the authorities of the several States of Central America bordering on the kingdom of Mos- quito thet her Mejesty'’s government consider tho hing of Mosquito to be entitled to the extent of coast teaching from Cape Honduras so the soutbern mouth of the river Sam Juan, and to add that her yernment would not view with tadifference any Y encroach upon the rights or tervitory of the King of Mos- 0, who ts under the protection of the British crown. in it the Nicaraguan govern in Ooteber, 1847, that It did not recog. ing Cf Mosquito, or any euch territorial pr 1 formally laid claim to the northern const and the port of St. Juan asa part of its own dominions, and Geclared that it would receive as war on the part of the British government eny occupation ofthe port of San Janu elected by the Mosquitos ua- der its protection 6 Council of State of Mosquito (consisting entirely of euch familiar homespun names as George llodgeon, James Porter, and Johm Dixon) re rponded to this deGauee by a resolution for“ practi- cally establishing the fuli rights of sovereignty of the King of Mosquito over all the mouths of the St John, aud over the & ‘tion of the lower part of that river, on the appearance ct the first Britis ship of war with orders to so operate with the Mosquito govern. Shortly aflerwards, ber Majerty’s ships Alarm end Vixen arrived off Bluetelds, sud the spirited expe- dition under the command of Captain Granville Loch tevk place. The Nicaraguan estabishment was re- qwered from the mouth of the St. Jusa, the British forees stormed Serapaqui, and entored the lake of Ni- caragua, where, on the ith of March, 1848, a treaty was signed by Ceptain Loch and the Nicaraguan inisters, by whic the government of that S! rm lemuly peo- sturb the penceful inhabitants of St. ng that any such act would be co ae am open declaration of bi equito tariff estabiisned in that ld be respected. Abthe same tine, the Ni- caraguans refured altogether to forego their claims upon the port ot St. J to which they continued to rtm aight, whilst the British government treats that port asa part of the Mosquito territory, recog. nieed, protected, and defended tor more than a cvn- tury) by Great Britain. It muy readily be conjectured, from the iinportance attached om both sides to this questivu, that this pro- tretcate bad ceased to be a mere abstract or honorary - sidered by Great Britai tit funetion. fe river Jucn is the inlet to the mast practi- cable tine of w ation a: 2 Ist ‘ on the possession +f that port depends the commund of the passege, The Nicaraguane have theretore proceeded to Lake lo the best morket the claims they have mot them- felves the foree fend by making # concersian of the pone 0 to ellizens of the United States and by op- taining. if possible, the countenance and guarantee of the United States government to their pretended rights over te Mcequition territory, they evidently hope to «xtert ip the mame of the cabinet of Warhiogton what 16rd Pelmerston perempiorily refused to tae ini ft Nicarage impare, ence of the Untied Stat nur nt in rupport of what is et most no moce than the private interest of 2 tracing company, it is lees easy to explain or to justify, aed we can hardly supyore that ¢| they intend to abet the state of Nicaragua ina course of open heatility to Great Britain. 't f the Nieareguen canel is, we repent, common to all nd it would be abeurd, iiberal, and impoll- drantnge of our ancient reletions with the Yans to frustrate euch w rehome But p i reat public ebjcct, the little #1 bas no right to o sole possession of by reet vielation of the territories of on invependent net {f Lhe canal is to be made, itmay fairly be the subject of As treaty or equireble convention between the different States through whore territories it may pase, and th of ‘e treaty ought to be of the most liberal but if the exelue sive ond unfounded pret of the stete of Nica- Tagua are taken up by the United States, Instead of an tusteable combination for a gre comntries most interceerd th may le exposed to @ [From the London ‘We regret to nee that the Pre ntof the United Stater, who har given se many proofs of n moderate and pecific spirit, bas found cecasion, ta so short an inter. Yalas tbat which has elapsed since bis inrtallation, to fall into bickering and dispute, not only with the di- plomacy of France, but with that of England, Our Claim wpen th ally our ba- Ably dirpeeseesed the Nicataguans in January tera ews, Oct 9) town at the nou'h of the river St. John, i Americans take part with Nicaragy we uphold the right of the Morquitos to the tiver's mouth, or rather our own right, in tbeir names And Lenee have arisen the materinie fora very’pretty quer. rel. Werhall not at preremt enter into aay detali on the question cf our distinet right to uphold the inde- pendence of the Meaquito rhore, of our enpremacy over it, abd the exteneion h to the rettlement wbicb We cull Grey Torn, and th Niearage Jobm, Britieh protection of there Indians dates as far Lack asthe reign of Charles |. whea I Warwick paht te England th mynito King a eom- ebt which he afte er repaid by making mal cession ef bis territory to tbe from (bat time till 1786, € pinintained the chicm and the proteete jo 3 ve stipulated to withdraw all Britieh rubjects on the Spenteh continent from thence, and compel them to return within the limits ef Belize. The was pleaded, avd heid to be an exe But jn 1786 we formally stipnia the Merquito shore #) Spspieh role, # enecur wt for flinging of thelr new ye Ne act ond thi pericd epsings the cor the right of thie dominion ihe pert Maintain with truth that the nding the treaty of 1:f6, never obtained & iootirg en the thore, bot were off by the [ndians in their attempt at the Bivex fiver. And they fol- low vp the argnment by asccrting thet Spsiy having deen vratie to meintein her domicton. sod having lost giadveliy ail power and hold io the pew world the sonetainty over the Morquitos reverted de jure to Grent Dritain, «8 it leo reverted ¢ the Lavlians siete ir own of england ption fo d 10 evoouate to abaodon the Indians to J net to furvish them with arm Spaniards, Hing going to Jamaten or belize t moony of Chie hind took pleoe in 184 + waa DO power incereated im first isp the ed cletin Of Great Detteim But wher theregnbiic of C nteal ameriemaplis ito | up into its cemponent proviuces, leaving each of them independent. three of their States — Nicaragua. Hondu- ras. and Costa Rica— put forward, as well as New Gre- their claims to the Mosquito territery. New Grenada med the coast between the Bocca del Toro and the river St. Jobn. Costa Rica advanced preten- sione in the same direction Whilst the Nicaraguans actually settled atthe mouth of the river St. John in 1826, The Lye in command of the settlement not only claimed tor Niearagua the post that he ocoupied, but disowned the Mosquite flag and existence alto gether, denouncing the Indians and European settlers as nomades and barbarians, whose existence could not be recognised, The British replied by taking posses- tion of the fort carly in January, 1849. And the lead- érs of our foreign policy in parliament are bound, in a Banner. to support British pretensions Tho present king's father bavivg claimed British aid in 1840, Lord Aberdeen nominated a Consul-General for Mosjuito ta 1844. Mr Christie has been more recently apvointed by Lord Palmerston, who, in his letter of May, last year, expressly maintains the British claim to the port of St. Juan de Nicaragua. ‘Tbe Americans, however, uphold the right to this fraction of the republic of Central Ameri- ca. And they have sent an active agent toinstruct and uphold, and consistency and vigor to the weekand © Co ronment ot Nicaragua christie returned to this country for instructi whilst @ somewhat angry cor- | reedondence bas taken place on the subject between | the American government and our Chi @ Affaires at | Washington. As usual, in quarrels of this kind. it is not so much the interests of justice and the coatlicting rights of the original parties which form the real sud- | ect of dispute. “The Mosquitos and the Nicaraguans are but stalking horses made use of by England and by | the United States ‘Tbe truth is, that bows countries | bave direovered that the future pl of transit acrovs the isthy be no other than that along the river | ofSt. John, and the Lake of Nicaragua. And both | oountries are eager not to le tothe other ul session or moncpoly. of such @ paseage the dispute on much higher and more than the right of Moequitos and Nicaraguaus. And tl future interests are fo great, that the United States wil! probably contend for them with as much perti- nacity as they did for the Colombia Now, with all Tespect and regard for the interests of Great Britain, we cannot think that these require her to become the keeper of the great passage across the Isthmus of Pavan ‘That such a chanvel should be opened, and rhould remain opea, beyond the control of any power, is the interest of the muaritim id. The ri- val cloimes of England and of the United States give an | opportunity to all maritime countries to interfere, The Vine of pastage @t present can really be claimed by no one Great Britain basthe first and bert right, perhaps But it would be invidious for her to insist on keeping | it exelustvely. Nicaragua is the Suez ot the New Werld. Lit becomes the property of either England or the United States, the owners may close up when they please If it be left toa weak power like Nicara- ua. as the Soundis ccmmitted to Denmark, and the Dardanelles to Turkey, it will lead to compli struggles utd wars.” That line of transit s mave the world’s property, open to all, | all—ot leart by maritime powers. France, England, Rorsia, Holland @ Spain— al erested in having the shortest passage open t jie —-sbould unite, and in concert with the United Stutes undertake the great work and establish that territory through which it runs as neutral, and not to be evized or monopolized by any. Weare copficent that England would lenditsslt with egnanimity to any euch project It this were ap- plied to Nicaragua, the same principle should be acted upon with regard to Suez. except uhat the rulers of Egypt, belog the natural guardians of that pasa, oculd not be deprived at least of the police of the pas: rage, Which, like that across the American isthuua, ought to be accomplished wud maintained at the com- on expense of all nations. Important from Prussia, 3 Our sdvioes, by wail, from Berlia, are of the 9th instant. ‘The Prussian government have ratified the convention agreed upon between Prussia and sustrta, for the estas bishment of the new central power, which is to replace that at present existing, and will, after the Archduke Joho | bas resigned his powers into this new power's bands, represent, in & certain measure, the old diet. It was stated that [russia bad referred the question of ratifi extion to the Council of Administration of the Federal Union, presided by M. de Bodelschwing, she (Prussia) | having pereirted in declaring that she could only ratify in the name of the union. and not in her own indi- vidually, ‘This ‘The referenee to the counedl was, in f matter of form; as Prassia—al- though she might, perhaps, have been deterred from retily ing. by the majority of pianipotontiaries refusing to aseept—has signed in her own name, and the con- currence of the council bas been given, not direetly, or to be mentioned in the convention, but to bo entered on the minutes or protocols, Prussia made a 5) | first upon this point. but she could not recognise the fe ” government gare wey. It will perhaps, be possible to- Merrow Or Hext €ay. to furnish details as to this im- portant act, which, it is appredended will not lead to @ conciliation between tae contending elements for ¢uprs wacy. The new central power—emanatiog direct from governmental will, and dependent solely upon tastruc- Lions received from governinents, aod arrogating to Steel the rame supre vital questions peace, one, aod so forth —will in direet © with the sume powers to bo | op | dip the projected Federal State power, based on | constitutional prlneiples. and established, above all, | Upen pepular reprerentation, It is most probable that | the German party in the Chambers will raise loud out- | cries, and vither declare this act to bear evidence of a | ride-leng intention of the government to abandon the federal project, or that it will put forth a declaration Of Cpe war to the new ( patrewer bond be est thould ever take pin ‘The Second Cha article of the cous m, whieh 1s regarded as oue vt the most important of Lhe whole code, a4 i¢ involves the question of according or refusing to government the power of issuing decrees, having Ube foree of inws during the adjournment or prorogation of the Cham. Lera, subject, of eourre, to theie ultimate approbatioa, The debate cecvpied the whole of the Fitting, and was | adjourned wnijl to morrow. tf Wednes- ‘The recond edition of the Cologne Gurette, day, publiebed @ telegraphic de Berlin nied the evening of the bt Aunonueing the adoption of the recond part of the 10ath (and most impertent) section of the constitution. by the majusity 1 Zi to utes. Atelprephre derpateh from Berlin, dated Wednes- Gay evening, 10th iuetant, rays ©The second Chamber hax just ad ty of ltd ogeinet vl ve tiltution, K* prope that the army is not ty take ihe oath jon.” 0 to the consul Avstria and Hangary. The detais repre of Hangary mark the atrocity of the tuvaders, and form a etimax of op pression and erieity which bes po pataliel but tu tie ay he free oft who jul army tore » without eo rerved Sa the inmperialtet sports for forrign counties, they whe do nut ™ «il! be permitted to go without leter hiv crance to thetr hones. ‘Ibe Honved citicers (that is, | | there who bate not served in the impexial mrmy) to be Cifnitted to their homes without way reserration being Race ne to thelr fucure cmploy ment, ne ODE to 0% sub jreted te future judicial proecution. Thus ead, tor the prerent. the strnggies cf the Hungarian nation fe | ina Austro Ruvslan combination has mola of the wer t to be wader P #100d, that might dc > right Jntesesting Letter from Kossath to Lord se ber 20, 1849 dot the Huugery, assuredly Yenr Excellency le no 4 fell of my coumiry—vurheppy worthy ot ® better inte, It wae not prompted by the spirit of dirorder. or the ptubilious views of faction; It was not a revolutionary leas ing which induced my vative country toaccept the mortal etropggie taintained ro gloriously, and brought, by Lelattoor means toro unfortunate an end “Hungary bas deserved from her kings the bistorical epithet of © generous nation,” for she never allowed herself to be eurpes Ity aod fatthfal adh ence 10 her roverehy Nothing bet the moot revelting treachery, tyreunteal oppression, and eruluer wal Werds of history; nothing but the infer nibiiation to her paifonai existenes, p f& theurand years, through adversities were able to rouse ber to oppose the fa ¢ at her very life, to enable her to repulse the tyrwamtesl | werault of the umgtatetul Haprburgbe strogele for life, honor, aud liberty, foreed upon her, | And shehae nobly tevelt the holy’ bate, ia whien, | with the aid of Almighty God. when attacked by 6 of justioe, in +, my lord, in the ge jon, the natural eupp: bemabity throughout the world what tyranny bew But thia te over y bae been by treachery esweluded On all rides abandoned, my poor Country bas falter pot threuph the overwLelaing power of two creat but by the favite, and i way vay tie treason, of To these upto | happs country ma troe ipteresi« ef through the world may not be fate. | Me. Fraveis Pulshy, our diplomatic agent io London Der received amy 'e lntormaticn ag te te of this B etd unio ked- for change in the adeics of Huw ond be imetee d to communiente to yout exert reeetve the same #, though ro well merited oriaw, but a trae eoavietion that even \vetria hae loot far hrough usslanaid t “4 det) at throogh honor y God that my wae and thot th end civilization volved iu our apuappy | tv eny jeney. if Jou are giuctourly plead t et Awet entipatby to ida of ev nent. Fallen from her position of « firet- | power ehe baw now forfeited her seif-eo rey eo bedtent tnaceument of Russian am | bes rurk inte ! | deadly swe. | the name « with outstretching arma, not only the integrity, but the Tioral harls of the Turkien ccepine, ¢ May it please you. my lord, to allow me to commanti- cate to your excellency a most revolting condition which the Turkish government, at the suggestion of a ia, is about to impore upon us poor homeless exiles. 1, the governor of unhappy Hungary, after having, I believe, a8 & citizen sod honest wan, fulfilled to the last ny duties to my country, had uo choice left me betwren the repose of the grave and the inexpressible ‘anguish of expatriation, any of my brethren in misfortune had preseded me on the Turkish territory, 1 followed thither in the hope that | should be permitted to pass to England and there, under the protection of the Englt protection never yet denied to persecuted man— od to repose for awhile my wearied bead on the hospitable shore of your happy island. But even with these views I would rather have sur- rendered myself to my deadliest enemy than to cause any difficulties to the Turkish government, whose silua- tion | weil knew how to appreciate, and therefore did not intrude on the Turkish territories without pre- viourly inquiring whether [and my companions ia mise forvuve would be willingly received and the protection of the Sultan granted to u We received the assurance that we were welcome c guests, aud should enjoy the full protection of his majesty the padisi 6 would rather sacritioe 60,000 men of his own subjects than aliow one hair of our heads to be injured, Jt was oply upon this assurance that we passed inte the Turkish territory ; and. according to the generous assurance, we Were received and tended on our jour- ney, reccived in Widdin as the Sultan's guests. and treated boxpitably during four weeks, whilst waiting from Constsulinople turtwer orders as te the contiaua tion of our sad journey to some distant shore Leven the ambassadors of England and France, to whom | yentured. in the name of humanity, to appeal, were £0 Kind as to assure me of their full sympathy. His majesty, the Sultan, was also s0 gracious as to give a decided negative to the haman pretensions of our extradition demanded by Russia and Austria, Bota fresh ietter from bis majesty the Caar arrived in Constantinople, and its consequence was the suge gettion sent to us by an express meseonger of the Turk- ish government, that the Poles aud Huogarians, and im parvocularmyrelf Count Carimir Bathiany, Minister of horeign Atluirs of Hungary under my government, end the Generals Mesearos aud Perczel (ail present Lere) vould be surrendered, unles® we chose to abjure faith of cur forefathers in the religion of Christ, become Mureulmans A tans are placed in the terrible alternati jacirg (he Feattold or of purehs abendowing their faith, Solow is Anower or evade the demands of Pmssia Words fail me to quahty these astovishing sugges- tions, such a# never bave been made yet to the fal chiet of # generous pation. and could Bardly have been expected in the 19th century vy apewer dows not admit of hesitation. Between deeth aud rbume the choice can be neither dubious or dificult, Governor of Hungary, and elected to that bigh place by the confidence of fifteen millions of my coun ry wen | know welt what lowe to the honor of m: country, even in ex! Even 48 @ private todividual Lave ap honorable path to pursue. Onoe governor of & peLerous country— | leave no heritage to my ehidren — they shall. atleast, bearan unsuilied name, Gods will be done 1 am prepared to die; bat as | think this me dishonorable avd injudicious to Turkey, whose interests | sincerely have at heart, and as [felt it a duty to save my companions im exile, if | cae, from & degrading alternative, | have replied to the Grand Viner in ® ecpeiliatory manner, and took also the bberty to apply to Sir Stratford Canning and Gene- rul Abpich for their generous aid against this tyrannio act, in fall reliance on the noble se dee nexous principles of your Bxcellency, by which, as well &: through your wisdom, you have secured the esteem {um infermed that the whole matter is a cabal ogainet the miuictry of Kerehid ashe, whose enemies Would wich to force bim to our extradition in order to Jower it in public estimation, and render impossible its ‘pvanee in office, It is certain that ia the grand ounell bald on the 9th and 10th of September, atter & Lumuituous debate, tne wajority of the eoanet de- elwicd ip favor of our extradition, the majority of the letry wgeinet it. No decision was come Lo, in com- quence oF tbe altercation which took place; bat, note withstanding, the minfecry thought fit to make us the Tevuiting suggestion | have named ‘This mode of solving the difieulty would not, I at convinced. rave Ube ministry because ® protection only g)Ven. in contradiction of the Sultan's geuerous feoliagy at the price Of Ove thourand Chijstans abandoning ther fath, would be revolting to the woole ob inti Wald and prove berdiy caluluted to win sympathies for Turkey i the event of a war with Rusee, wiiea, im the opipion of the most experieuced Lurkish states ppreaching fast. a 'y vative country, Turkey does, I believe, al- dy feel the loss of the negleeled opportunity of given to Hungary at least ovine moral help to to check the udvance of the common eummny. ppears to me, that it would be & very ised ing Hungatian sympathy by sending me reutfold, and forcing my Wuhappy Cour be to abjure their religion of accept the came ale Lernwtive ‘No trends to the Turkich corernment would «pring Up thm my blood, shed by her broken fail but many ‘My lord, your heart will,! am sce ome wy cure my baving called your attention to our t since It has mow sesumed political im (din this unsceiml iaud by the whole wor sive Us Bo promise of 4 your generous ma td you we have « rightte expect from tue well- routy of kngiaud, it would be hardly fitting ior we ty enter oa | place my ow aad my ops’ mie in your hands ay lord aud in the f bumauity hrow mysed wader the protection ot a an tere our d Au hake fT & Hen, my lord, prepared to face the worst; end I be tree look wt Honve wleo. my Lord, ® wifey ther are wand bably foe fail im tor wham the innocence of syninet persecutions 1 the Most high eruciticn by your powertal ted to aeoord to vy wife wed ehildr toil of the peweroms Lagie’ As to my poor, my Ly perish for ever ay | bave it bie women, sud with duced is uo protection I eonjuse your Excellency, io io put & step to Ubese atiOD, and es seo | of Ditfou ond ef Resian coms pes Ressie cply be aloed mi tots tanguiansy game, che bar eatended #60 teebgtie nea her ivilucuer um (he emt Oud Uhre elcoe wlieeey tow beartul Gi hurtye, 5 Europe, so may weighty conte » < )-ngiaud becself, sod chiety the Maintenance of the Otte empire wee too numately bovud up With Lhe extetenee of Haws faty for me to love all hope, diy lord, may Gd the Al teighty tor many years suteld you, the may lowg pretect the un eand ‘live to be the gustdian of the right# of freedom and bamaniry dvoribe wyrelf, with the mort perfect respect and esteem. (Signed) L. Kossu CA. The Sapol States. The wffatre of I Pope bas 4 they owe frenet army must fe *t apter of ‘aceidenta, whilet Line None, to hig rerem Gaete must devise seme better mode than that hither rte ng the publie mind of italy to Papal goverment amd avor Naples. {The remer of disturbeness Jon pape reas enuced to nothing has been re tradiet 6. Very hitiee ther 66 Com ira oF com however, is attached © the report in quarters likely to be weil informed, and, at ali events, it i# thought that the extemt of the dis turbanees bar been greacly exaggrreted Merocee, ‘The Aihiar of Al glers. of the dou wie h difoulties between Fi Groeee bas Wade all Che conersstome th Consul were in irons in the prisom of Al were 10 be bactinadved, if derived by the Fr verpment moreover, on a certain day. tho French tag vas to be holetec, and esinted with 2 iguns, aude Preneh trigate to vielt atl che forts of the west, sad be polemnly en It ie nuded that the Freme! tul-Generel had demarded the di-maleeat of th Ouebda, ib f ali the di renen frontier, and i gone bo fer, to defend bimself before the Creeets. Pr RPTION OF TRAE ITALIAN REPVORES. +. of the Oth, publishes @ letter feom the 20d wit, steting that more th sbave arr pieption of the Gree land in th Cf the plan which was expected to be prevented to the chambers on the 24th, in the seme t the itatian ref to be formed ia me of Gr Cnet hereafter, 2¢ The italien ecloptete ebalt acquire t ‘bts of Hellenic na- Fach man ebail coovive & minimum of nt of one bendred stremme, wht seccrding to tbe means of eagh aoloniet, niet heeo mes solelproprietor of the lend, of fuitiing the eleuses of his contenst, ve of the iand hy fovtalmente He and convey bie rig and obligations Gth. ¥ tlets shall be tax-tree for five yoare, that period pay ® tex whieh shall ive'y. till, at the © (wen the emmon standard. 6th, be chiained by subscriptions opened in Mtaty Der countries and by the inatitidon 4 mous F »@ caplial to be totormined pte mat rove . ‘ Arawings.