The New York Herald Newspaper, November 10, 1848, Page 1

Ty —-. NO. 8273. MORNING EDITION --FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 10, THE EUROPEAN NEWS, SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. ke, &e. be. Ireland. BERTENCE UPON THOMAS FRANGIS MEAGHER, TERENCE BELLEW M’MANUS, AND PATRICK O’DONOHOE, > . * . . * * The Soricitor-Genenat shortly afterwards rose and raid—1I humbly move, your lordships, that Terence M us, Patrick O’Donohoe and Thomas in M . be brought up for ju ‘he court gave directions that the prisoners should Devent for. Mr. Burr, Q.C., addressing their lordships, said, as it was not necessary for the prisoners to be present at what be was coing to » he wished to speak to the eourt relative to the two points raised on Saturday evening, on behalf of the prisoners. Chief Justice Biacknunne—We have already had them under our consideration, and we don’t thiak there is much substance in them; but we shall farther consider them Mr. Burr—Might I refer your lordship to the note ‘pon that case in 2d Hawkins, page 437 ? ‘Chief Justiee Buacknunne.—We shall consider the entire. "The most profound silence and the most intense avxiety then prevailed in court, in expectation of the arrival of the “ traitors,” all eyes being turned to the dock to obs their first appearance. Their manner avd bearing were precisely what they had been all through—firm, menly, and unflinching. Even at that solemn and Creadful moment, their courage, coolness, or self-possession never once left them. ADDRESSES OF THE PRISONERS. Messrs. Mea- gher, O’Donohoe, and M’Maaus, were placed at the ‘dar, and the clerk of the crown addressed them in the ‘usual form, recapitulating the terms of the indictment, apd then said—“Have you anything to say why sen. tence of death and executiom should not be passed mpon you according to law ?” SPEECH OF M’MANUS. Mr. M’Maxvs then, in a frmand distinct tone, said— My lords, I trust Jam enough of a Christian and ,| enough ofa man, to understand the awful responsi- bility of the question that has been put tome. My lords, standingon this my native soil—standing in an Irish court of justice, and before the Irish nation, I Dave much to say why sentence of death, or the sen- tence of the law, should not be passed upon me. But, wy lords, on entering this court, I placed my life—and, what is of mach more importance to me, my honor— in the hands of two advocates; and, my lords, if I had ten thousand lives, and ten thousand honors, I ‘would be content to piace them under the watchful and the glorious genius of the one, and the high legal abilit; of the other—My lords, 1 am content. In that regerd I have nothing to say. But I haves word to say, which no advocate, however anxious, can utter for me. Ibave this to say, my lords: that whatever part I may taken through any struggle for my country’s independence—whatever part may have seted in that short career, [ stand before your lord- sbips now with a free heart, and with light con- apience, ready to abide the issue of your sentence,— And now. my lords, perhaps this is the fittest time that I might put one sentiment on record. and it is this ~ Stand Ido, between this dock and the id, it ma: now, or to-morrow, or it may be er; but whatever the result may be, I have this sentiment to put on record—that in any part Ihave taken, I have not been actuated by animosity to Engiishmen; for | hat ent some of the happiest \d most prosperous of my life there, andin no ofmy career have | been actuated by enmity to Pogiish men, however much ,| may have felt the injus- tlee of English rule in this island. My lords, I have notbing more to say. Itis not for having loved Eng- Iand less, but for having loved Ireland more, that I stand now before you. . Mr. O’Donohoe was the next to address the court which be did with much energy and distinctness, Having asked permission to read the observations he tended to make, and the court offering no objection, read from a uscript what follows:— SPEECH OF 0’DONOHOF. My Lords—I beg to say that the Attorney end So- licitor General have conducted the case agatast me fairly, but strictly, and I find no fault with them, or with the evidence given against mo,eofar as it was acted on by the jury. My Lords, I do complain, that in such a county the jurors summoned to try me, a stranger, fore political offence, were exclusively po- Hical opponents; and with such a panel, I regret that your lordsbips did not, es my counsel requested, allow iby jury to have been called from those who had not or been rejected. on @ former trial. My jury, ected, could not be supposed to overcome all ‘and I believe they formed a most mistaken ver- it. “Mr, Justice Moore, in his direction, told the jury that if I assisted Mr. O’Brien, whilst engaged ia a trea- sonable design. 1 was guilty of treason, although I might not know of his intent; and from t! mendation. it one that they fouad m that direction. To one unlearned in the supposing that treason depended on intention, it feems contrary to common sense that! can particl- in a treasonable design, of the existence of which ‘am ignorant. I do not, however. presume to dispute the law as your lordship has stated it, but nv earthly judge is infallible; and,as the doctrine is so startling, ‘and one stamped with the authority of Mr. Moore’s igh constitutional character, that would form a pre- cedent dangerous to the lives and liberties of the best 1 humbly request your lordships to reserve the for the consideration of the judges. If your ip be in error, that error ought to be corrected. If not, it will be @ protection to every ome to know that the law so laid down has been confirmed Itis not fit on this solemn occasion to defend my opinions or conduct. 1 will, therefore, only say, that tl opinions bave always been tolerant, si! and sistent. as am grateful to my eminent counsel, Mr. Butt, for bis eloquent and truly able defence ; the more so be- a was generously given without feo or reward; and given, too, to his political antagonist. I cannot express my admiration for the ingeauity and t talent shown by my junior counsel—Mr. Francis Freagher. and his zealin my defence. I also beg to thank my rolicitor. Mr. L , for the ability with which he conducted my case, aod the great exertions made by him on my behalf. | thank your lordship for this patient hearing. Mr. Meagher then proceeded to address the court, He was dressed in his usual style, appeared in excel- lent health. and bore himself through the trying ordeal with fortitude and manly dignity. Expectation was raised to the highest point, and breathless anxiety seemed to pervade all in court to hear the sentiments ung oatriot on this solemn ovcasion—the last Sinich his countrymen wold hear from his lips, He spoke as follows :— SPRECH OF MEAGHER. My Lords—It is my intention to saya few words lords! only. I desire that the Inst act of a proceeding whieh | has occupied so much of the public time, should be of short duration. Nor have I the indelicate wish to elose the dreary ceremony of a state prosecution with a vain display of words, Did I fear that hereafter, when I shall be no more, the country I have tried to serve ould think ill ef me, | might indeed avail myself of This solemn moment to vindicate my sentiments and my conduct. But! have no such fe The country wi judge of those sentiments and tl conduct in a light fur different from that in which the jury by which [ have been convicted have viewed them; and by the country, the entence which you, my Lords, ate about to pronounce, will be remembered only as the severe and mn attestation of my reotitude and truth. What be the language in which that sentence be apo! I know that my fate will meet with sympathy, and thet my memory will Be Naga g thus, accuse me not, my lor hone of mi importance—nor do | claim for those efforts any hy reward. But it so happens, and it will ever happens so, that those who have tried to serve their ohntry, no matter how weak the effort may have beer, ace sure to receive the thanks and blessings of its people. With my country, then, I leave my memory—my sentiments —my acts— proudly feeling that thuy require no vindi- oation from me this day. A jury of my oouatry men, it is true, have found me guilty of the orime of which I stood indict For this | entertain aot tae slightest feeling of resentment towards them. Infaenced as they must have been by the charge of the Lord Chief Justice, they could have found no other verdict. What of that charge? Any strong observations on it, I feel sincerely, would ill befit the solemnity of thi seone; but | would earnestly beseech of you, my lord. you who preside on that bench—when the passions and prejudices of this hour have passed away, to ap- peal to your own consolence, and to ask of it, was your charge, as it ought to hi been, impartial and indif- ferent between the subject and the crowa? My lord you may deem this language unbecoming ia m b perhaps it may seal my fate. But [am here to speak the truth, whatever it may cost; [am here to reccet nothing I have ever dono—to retract nothing I hyve ever said. | am here to crave, with no lying lip the Jife I consecrate to the liberty of my country. Far from it; even here—here, where the thief the libertine, the murderer, have left their footprints in ths dust; here, on this epot, where the shadows of death sur- round me, and from which [ see my eariy grave in an unannointed soil epened to receive To—even here, encircled by these terrora, the hope which has beckoned me to the perilous sea uv whieh | have beon wrecked, still consoles, aai- im raptures mo. No, I do not despair of my por old country—b ¢, ber liberty, her glory, For that country ‘do no more than bid her hope. To Hift this island up —to make her a benefactor to human- ity, instead of being the meanest beggar in the world ~ to restore to her her native powers and her a constitution, this has been my ambition, and this am- bition has beea my orime. Judged by the lew of Eng- Jané, | know this orime entails the penalty of death ; but the history of Ireland explains this crime, and jus- tifles it, Judged by that history, | am no crimiaal— you (addressing Mr. M‘Manus) are no criminal—you (addressing Mr. O’ Donohoe) are no crimiaal—! deserve no punishment—we deserve no punishment. Judged by that Nistory, the treason of which I stand convicted lores all ita guilt, is sanctioned as a duty, will be en- nobled as asa sacrifice. With these sentiments, my lord, Lawait the sentence of the court. Having done what I felt to be my duty—having spoken what | felt to be the truth, as! have done on every other osoxsion of my short career, | now bid far Il to the country of my birth, my passion, and my d& whose misfortunes h:ve invoked my sy whose factions I have sought to still—whose intellect I bave prompted to a lofty aim—whose freedom has bee fatal dream. I offer to that country, as a proof of the love | bear bh: sh which I thought and spoke ig dom—the life of a young heart. and with that lif the hopes, the honors, the endearments of a happy id honorable hom ynounce, then, my lords, e which the law directs, and | will be pre- d to hear it. | truet I shall be prepared to meet xecution. I hope to be able, witha R heart ‘and perfect composure. to appaar before a higher tri- punal—a tribunal where a Judge of infnite’goo lavas, as well as of justice, will preside, and where, my lords many, many of the judgments of this world will be reversed, ‘and the sincerity w: Z THE SENTENCE. Chief Justice Donxary proceeded, amidst the most profound and solemn silence, to pronounce the dread sentence of the law. He said—Prisoners at the bar, Terence Bellew M’Manus, Patrick O’Donohoe, and Thomas Francis Meagher, after deep consideration be- fore entering into this court, it was my intention in the performance of the very painful duty that devolves upon me, not to have prolonged your stay at that bar by any lengthened observations. You, each and all of you, stand there, having been convicted by the diet of three successive juries, of the crime of high treason—a crime of the greatest enormity known to the law ; and I feel bound toray this, that it is the de- liberate. dispassionate, and calm opinion of this court, that the verdicts which were found by those juries, and the verdict which was found by aformer jury, could not have been other thau they were—that n> honest, fair, impartial, conscientious jury, attending striotly to their oaths, and listening to the evidence that was produced in this court in the course of these unusually protracted trials, could have come to any other conclusion than. that which they have done. They have pronounced you, one and all, guilty of the crime of high treason. ‘That crime consists in having levied war in this county within the last week of the month of July—having levied wer for treasonable puc, poses; and that you and esch of you, more or less, par. ticipated in, excited to, prepared for. and were you ome of you actively engaged in the furthers roject. Im order to constitute the cri: high treason by the levying of war, it is no ingredient that the means s! be proportioned to the endsought and that there a rational Parties who bye engagad in such transections, become sib! they have arrayed, assembled, collected, 4, ared, those who ac are by force to endeavor to the common object that is in view. 7 x AAG oil Ihave merely to exhort each « lect on the ful situation in which you a at stand, ads over you. We have duty, to the Lord Lieutenant the recommenda: th which the juries in your respective cases have accompanied the verdicts that have been found against you. But you must be well aware that it is with the exeou- tive poreeamees and with the exeoutive govern- ment alone, that tbe fate of these recommendation rests. And we, in the discharge of our most anx fous, irksome, and psinful duty, have now to pro- nounce upon you, one and each, the most awful sen- tence of the law. (Here their lordships assamed their black caps, which caused a shudder of horror to per- vade the crowded court.]--That sentence is, that you Terenee Bellew M’Manus, you Patrick O’Donohoe, and you Thomas Francis Me'gher, be taken hence to the place from whence you came, and be theacedrawao ona hurdle tothe place of execution ; that each of you be there hanged by the neck uatil you are dead, and that afterwards the head of each of you shall be severed from the body, andthe body of each divided into four quarters, to be disposed of as her Majesty may think fit. And may Almighty God have mercy upon year, souls! Their ips then retired from the ach ‘At the'conclusion of the preceding sentenoe,the pub- Me feeling, which had risen to an intense state of ox- citement, during ite delivery meh Prone i. it: Meagher’e e! address, ry. & low, subdued, a clea neniioe murmur of grief. Atl seomed affected with sympathy and admiration for the young patriot, and wo brave companions—whom the severity of the law had condemned to so barbarous a fate ; and many were the tears, which on that solemn occasion, attested on the part of political oppoaents, equally with private friends, admiration for the sin- curity wbich had prompted the actions of the accused, and the fortitude which upheld them during the dreadful ordeal through which they had passed. The patriot “convicts” alone were unmoved. ‘They heard the sentence with firmness and composure. They quailed not before the judgment of the court, nor trembled at the dreadful doom which assigned them to the scaffold. Mr. Meagher, in whose features glowed proud consciousness that before the high tribuaal which adjudged him to death he had sufficiently vindicated his motives, rtood at the bar ina manly but respectful attitude, and gazed round the crowded court Fath perfect ‘calmuess and composure, Onhisrignt Te- rence Bellew M’Manus, whose simple, touching words on that memorable occasion, rushing from the heart, to strikingly exemplify his manly spirit and true sin- cerity of nature, stood erect. unbending, and un- daunted ; whilet Mr. O'Donohoe, with equal courage and eqoal fortitude, was prepsred to meet the worst fate which might be in reserve for him. r, in this unbappy land, where the courage of To ‘aud Fitzgerald, hes challenged the a mavkind, was there greater heroism than that dis- layed by these devoted Never, in the world’s Bisvory, waa an untimel, (for such it is, even though it be mitigated from death.) borne with greater fortitude or more stoical resignation. Mr. Meagher and bis companions cordially saluted their counsel, who appeared much affected by the solemnity of the scene; and having shaken haads with some friends who crowded round the dock. they retired from the eourt in the same fearless and intrepid spirit with which they had entered it. ‘Betore the judges left Clonmel, they intimated to the clerk of the crown that the rule of court respecting the two men, O'Donnell and Shea, who had been com- mitted during Mr. Smith O'Brien's trial for refusing to give evidence against that gentleman. was, that they should be each imprisoned for twelve calender months and kept to hard labor, and at the expiration of their term of imprisonment pay dnes to her majesty of £10 each, On Monday last a detachment of 4th Light Dra- goons, headed by Capt. Brown, d another of the 89th regiment of foot, commanded by Lieutenant Skinner, 40 men in all, left Gort, for the purpose of collecting poor rates in the parish of Kinvarra, eight miles from Gort, There were also 50 of the police force. com- manded by T. McMahon, §. I., and J. Davys, stipen- diary magistrat On passing through the village of Kinvarra, the cars that were to convey away the corn, being at the rear of the military, were laid hands on suddenly by the people there, who upset the horsesand the cars, but assistance was immediately rendered by the force at hand. They went on for the distance of a mile and a half, until they came to the district they were to distrain on, when @ barricade obstructed their sage. They then got on another road leading to the fame district. when a barricade partly formed, met their protected by about 300menard women, ‘Chey re- fused to let the armed force pass, and said they would rather sacrifice their livesthan permitit. They were told resis would be useless; but they persisted to main- tain theirground. The riotact was reali times, and Still they would not give way, when the police were or- dered to charge with fixed bayonets, An c!s0 the $0th. Stones were thrown by the pedple, many of whon re- ceived severe wounds in the chi of the police. They then commenced a guerilla warfare from behind the walls. and fevercly injured some of the police and military, One of the police got # most severe cut in the face, and Mr, Davys and his horse were struck two or three times. The police drove the people for a quar- ter of a mile into the fields, but they were as certain to be back sgain to the scene of action, Mr. Davys did not wish to shed blood by ordering the military or po- lee to fire, and it being late in the day, he ordered them to turn round and procesd home. Much praise is due to the forbearance of the authorities, as among such a determined people there is mot the least doubt but much blood would have been shed. There was & greater number of people farther down towards the coast, protecting auother barricade, im case the ve should be scattered, Of course there eater force brought down there in some few This unien is in a wretched way; che poor- built for 600, with sheds, is now holding 2 000, 58, rate, which now makes 88. in the pound this year,and £1,000 due of the union, leaves us in a poor way indved.— Irish paper. Our Irish Correspondence. Duntix, October 27, 1818. Parliamentary Sittings in Dub- lin, $e. The sentonoe on the State prisoners has besn oom- muted, and the vessel which !s to convey them into exile bas been ordered to prepare, The meroy thus thown to the prisoners has given satisfaction to all parties, But, although sentence of death was pro- nounced cn all the prisoners, it was supposed that the extreme penalty would not be enforced, particularly as the executive have had their desires and wishes fully attained, in despite of the surpassing eloquence of Messrs, Whiteside and Batt, Mr. O'Brien and bis associates are now beyond the pale of doing mischief, and only wait the moment of their departure with patience, Tho sams result may be ealovlated on Mr, Duffy’strial, The Grand Jury wore to find true bills thie morning or yesterday, Judge The State Prisoners t | Moore addressed them. The bills found at list om, mission have been abandoned ; for ia the new bills are added articles from the last number of the Nusion, which was seized before it had been published, 180 Mr. Daffy’s letter to Mr O’Brien, which had be-n found in the latter's portmantean and provad unon his trial, both of which are deemed of themselves sufficient avict the prisoners. as they prove is ayy tsiacsacs attempts attasarrestion. libsrated oa thy :—Wm Mache late editor of rs Mr Wm. Walsh, and Mr. James Baker, officers of the Mercantila As- sistants Club; C. M. Rookford, Owen O'Nuill, Francis Gabbett, Justin Supple, aud James O'Ryan Mr Patrick O'Higgins, Stephen Jellery, anb-editor of the Tribune, and Mr Jas, Brennan, one of the writers of the Felon, still remain in Belfast jail # The trialof the parties who stabbed the policeman Byrne, has terminated in a verdict of not gniity oa all the counts of the jistment, butguilty of goon mon asgault. Byrne is still very delicate ; he has been allowed to retire on fall pay, (2s avear}) Tow Lort Lieutenant gave hima A eae ity of £50, an neorip tions to the amount of between £200 and £300 have been collected for him, so that he did not lose by the late events. The verdict of the jury in Mr. O'Brien's case has not been lost upon the country. The following lstter has been received by Mr. Manreragh, the foremsa:— Stn—I received intsligerce that you were a Pore of *he Jury on the tryalof Mr. Sith O'Bryan, and that you retur sa! to verdict of guilty on the nobleard high minded man, But 4y the great man ¢f God I ewore it he be executed accord .n to hia -en- tence, that you may be sure of afate similar to his and ale your unmanly eavage—or brvther—be are of his fate, Asi Sou be prepared to meet. the cruel do? that ever was ‘any human bein—If Mr, O'Brin be hang or trangp»e' the Lord of Heaven and Barth, they hand that weste this will eo you and your brother soul to the ssorshin flenes of pace a by Your unrovenged enemy, ‘To Mr. Mansor Gerrane. ape ‘The following is a copy of the petition, as agreed on bythe committee ot the society for promoting the annual sittings of the Imperial Parliament in Dubtia, which was adopted at a meeting held on Monday last. May it pleare your Majesty: 6 ee w undere: your jesty, stronzly impress ‘i suet fand belleving that tho oie ime ed with the cndition stencee which constitute the fair portion of tie United Kivg tom a burthen to Great Britain and the reprosoh of the civilizet ‘werld, may te ip wpreat degre removed by an annual meeting of the ImpeJal Pariismentin Dublin, for tie transac:ion af irsh ness, ata stated period of each session: ant believing tant, sugh measure would exti agitation and ba produstive of the most important, as well aspolitioal benefit to Treland, a8 woll asof the whole empire, Hur bly soliciting your Majesty, that in the exercise of the prerogative which the constitu ion wisely places iv your majesty’s hands to determine when and were the Parliament shali be holden, may bs graciously plosel t» direct thatit shall be held perio‘ically in Dublin, and your poti. tionexs, as duty bound, will ever pray. WM. PITZIERALD, Chairman, ‘The Listowel poor-law guardians ara going to mo- morialize the Lord Lieutenant on the grounds That it the opinion of the board that unless soma practical mode of remedying the evils of the preseat rystum of taxa ler the poor-law be generally a lopted aad supgested tothe govermment by the rate-payera of Ireland’ It is hopeless to expect that their views in this important subject will have that weight with the legislnture which the; ‘ire. ‘Three bailiff were ik murdered in Clonmel whilst in care of property seized for poor rates. Toe Lerd Lieutenant has directed ten constables to be stationed in the locality for the next three months, and the two townlands in which the murders wore committed, to be charged with their expenses This has made the farmers very much discontented but itis a very good method of stopping such crimes, Tho murderers have since been arrested ; they are stran- gers, and hired by parties for the purpose, On Tuesday night Jenny Lind made her first ap- arance at the Theatre Royal; and as on every Rrmer occaston, the house was densely crowded. She appeared as Maris. in‘ La Figlia Del Regi mento.” She was encored reversal times, and never wasia bet- ter yoice. Her acting was auperb. Some persoa ia | the upper gallery called out.‘ Bravo, Jenay,” at the formance of @ jcular part. which amused ademoiselle so much that with langhter she was un- for some minutes. She has left £400 she dined with the Lord p of Dablin. At the dinner party given by the former, she wore a diamoad of the value ot £6 000. The accounts given by all the provincial papers is most disheartening. The prospects of the poor during the coming winter will indeed be most deplorable, this instance? For the honor of their countrymen callon these men peremptorily to deny this slaadary if it be one. or to fly at onoe from the just ialigastion of their countrymen. As for myself | oou'd ohverfal- ly suffer, and endeavor to livs contantedly in this “Black Hole.”? on sour bran bread and decayed milk, if I might be permitted to know that my have not succumbed to British arroganos, ani they are determined to preserve an iaviolable regard for the welfare of our republic and the honor of ite flag. A bold front and a steady eye world, at this moment, when all Europe is ia commotion, and when Ireland is in @ horrid state of aasrchy and confusion, with starvation aad tha cholera ap- proaching, shake the British lion out of his boots, aad settle all disputed pointe in favor of the United States, at once and forever, and vitally serve the cause of hu- man liberty. Every letter or newspaper, every remittance, com'ng to any political offender, is seized and deta: atthe t office bere, by the stem, and never de- d although some latters directed to Mr. @ American consal here, have been opened, itis presumed that any thing for me would reach ms, if sent under cover tohim. This doves not go throug’ his ageney. All lettei oted, ara opened, and, ag nene dut the basest or ployment, it is believed that those who are so mean to take pay a8 detectives, would not mias an opport nity to oouat for the inaamerable robberies of remittances within the last four months, from poor people to thei nds, Charles Gavan Duffy, late editor of the Nusion, and Kevin Izod O'Dogberty, of the Tribune, were to have escaped to America from the north part of this pron, ‘They were betrayed by one whom they had befriended, and they are now lodged ia our part of ihe prison, Oliver Cromwell said that there never was one Irish- man on the pit, where there was not another to super- intend bis roasting. The informer in this case re- ceiver his reward aod pension ‘These editors would have given a high tope to American literature, had they escaped. Daffy ia to be tried to-morrow, aad, although by will take hizh and new grounds,a packed jury will aesuredly convict him, He eutertaias no hope of esoups; but hewi') mest hisfate manfally. It is reported that the Dablin clubs are to rise to his res- cue, but this is only a government ruse My friend Governor Cass cannot re my vote on this ‘occasion, for I pine “solitary and alone,” like le, and remain, as ever, your friead, JAMES BERGEN, of Now Yi rk City, Our French Correspondence, Panis, October 25, 1848. Termination of the Discussion on the Constitution—The Italian Opera—Theatricals, §c. This week has been signalised by the termination of the discussion in the Assembly on the project of the new constitution, which took place on Monday even- ing. According to @ resolution previously taken, it will be necessa:y that the project be revised, and the revision cannot commence for five days after the close of the discussion, that is to say, until Saturday next, This revision, however, will be scarcely more than a formality, and will not occupy more than a day or two, We, therefore, expect that the constitution will be declared about the beginning of next week. Many persons have been surprised at the apparent indife- rence with whioh this great measure has been allowed to pase, It has undergone more or less discussion fur nearly sixty days in the National Assembly, and, with a few exceptions. these discussions have been received with an extraordinary degree of apathy and coldavss by the public. ‘his has undoubtedly arisen partly from the freshness of every cag memory who has read the history of France @ 1789, aad waich sup- plies #0 many constitutions waich have been succes. tively fabricated, and successively thrown aside, with ittle reverence for themselves or their makers; but it Iso due to the absence of that living faith in the stability of the repubiic, which constitutes so remark- ables feature in the population of the United States, Go where you will in Aaterica, from the borders of Maine to the shores of the Gull of Mexico, you will find but one sentiment of universal enthusiasm io favor of the republic, You will find tt is termed whigs and ‘and democrats, but the ene note whit the more enthu- tlastio republican than the other. Not so in France. The provinces are generally favorable to monarchy ; some inclining to one, and some to another pretender. The great manufacturing towns are democratic; the capital is much divided. The population of the fau- pourgs are. to @ great extent, republican, but not alto- Newoate Paison, Destin, October 20, 1848, i Particulars of Mv. Bergen’s Arrest—Shameful Violas tion of American Rights—The State Prisoners, ce. As your Valuable journal Is not often burthomed by an epistle from “the spirits in prison,” I venture to supply your readege.with one from the veritable cell of Lora Eaward Fitzgerald. But, first, you will say, “How came you there ?’’ and [ will tell you. I came to Ire- land, the land of my fathers, on business and pleasure; and, arriving at a time when the natives were on the eve of an outbreak for liberty, I was immediately sus. pected of “ having steamed it over as the Envoy Extra- ordinary of the American Sympathisers for Ireland;”” placed under a system of espionage by the Lord Liew- tenant's army of detectives, and, finally, arreste’ at my hotel, in the dead of night, by three armed police- men, who searched my person, clothing, bed and cham- ber utensils, expecting, evidently, to find several of Colt’s explosive projectiles, and much treasonable cor respondence; but they were mistaken, The only paper Thad was aletter from my wife, with s look of her hair; his was carried off in triumph by these minions, and T hope its perusal was the meaus of improving the Lord Lieutenant's tk strong- ly guar mall, strong room for a fow moments, with a guard of four lilly-livered chaps, arm- ed with id swords, and [ could not avoid st smiling at the fear they displayed, but I s900 learned the cause, I was supposed to be an American General returned triumphantly from Moxico, and coms over to lead cohorts of pikes and shillelaghs through the Irish boys to glory. After an awful pause of afew moments, ag red faced, sleek looking detective, known as Coloasl Browne, brother to the late Mrs, Hemans, put his knob- by red snout to the edge of the door, and gruffly pro- nounced my name, saying. “ You are accused of high treason;” and then turning to the tremblers, said, “ Are your arms ingood order?” Haviag been answer- ed in the affirmative, he ordered me to Newgate, Placing two policemen in, and two outride of the vab. ‘he policemen had previousl, ised to show me their warrant, and the pot-valiant Colonel Browne would not exhibit to me the “informations” upon which I was arrested. They kept all my baggage for a week. I called for the intervention of Mr. Hugh Keenan, the United States Consul of Dublin. Hs was ill, but immediately commenced in my behalf. Application was made to Mr. Bancroft, the American Minister at the Court of St. James. He was absent in Scotland; but Mr. Broadhead, the highly accomplished Secretary of Legation, made prompt application to protect my rights as a1 rican born citizen. Since then, mich correspondence has taken place. The Minister has re- quired that the British Secretary of State. for Foreign Affairs should disclose the reasons for my arrest and de- tention, and the Secretary has stated that the gorera- ment have information from the United States, (I know the scoundrels who receive British gold,) that | have been guilty of treasonable practices, and that therefore | am arrested under what is called the Aot suspsaiing the Habeas Corpus Act, viz; 11th and 12th Victoria, cap. | 35, Mr, Bancroft bas required from me a statement of facts, which I have forwarded, and {t will be enough to say, that the government cannot prove @ single overt act against me, unless by the grossest perjury—-which | I presume they will not,in my case, -fearing “ the cloud in the west’’—dare to use. By the London Globe | perceive that our minister has demanded my release. This may or may not be 50 ; but it is not my {ntention to let the affair die, and [am acsured, by many of the first gentlemen of the bar, that the whole proseedings, in my case, have been ille- gal, viz: that I should have been ordered out of Ire- land, if merely suspected under the Alien Law; and that I, an American, should not have been arrested uo ior the “Suspension Act,” on mere suspiciyn, for | could only be held by positive evidence of some overt ast, and that upon such charge I was entitled to be tried immediately, by ® jury, consisting of six citizons of Dublin and sx foreigners, I have demanded a trial several times, to confront my ascasers, and have been, by the silence of the government officials, denied ; and 1am net even permitted to ave the affidavit, ifany ex- ist, or to know the names of my accusers. Beautiful English law! splendid British constitution! excellent reapeot for the United States! But I scorn to complain to my countrymen, Thoy have never wiped away the diagrace of having allowed seamen to be imprisoned from under their flag; for the war of 1812 and the treaty of Ghent did not settle that point. The yielding of the Aroostook territory; the backing out om the “54° 40'° question, as to Oregon, and the pusillanimous conduct of govern- ment as to the murder of our citizens and the bura- ing of the American steamer Caroline, in the waters of, the United States, have convinced me that the British boast with trath when they spy, that the Yan kees love the almighty dollar more than they love tho honor of their country. If this were not trae, woald the insult offered to the American flag, in the case of the seizure of Terence Bellew McManus, on board of the Amerioan bark N. D. Chase, two miles outside of Cork harbor, have bocn allowed to remain so long un- avenged? The Lord Livutenant ot Ireland insolently forewarned American shipmasters, by his proclamation from Dublin Castle, that he would treat them as traitors if they dared to take on board one of the Icish patriots; and the filegality of the arrest of McManus, ‘om under the American flag, on the high svas, has been proved by the British gvernmont, on his trial for on, at Clon| requires prompt action, if any be intend- ¢d; for Mr. MeManus will shortly be hanged or traas- ported, so that be may not be placed as near to the land of liberty as before the insolent infractioa of the Ashburton humbug. It is proper to tell you that the government minions declare that the captain and mate of the bark N. D. Chase shared the reward offered in the Hue and Cry for the arrest of MoManus. In God's name, can this be true? Has the noble, the honorable character of the chivalrous seamen of America been disgraced in ether commingled with the monarchical elemvnt. Buonspartisin flourishes in the banlieus, as weil as 8 80 in other parts of the capital. Ocleaaism, s its party, as well as legitim'sm,’ In short, as | n already told you,if the couatry were polied, Tepubdlicanism, the triumphant would be found in a most insignificant mimority. Bat if this minority be ergy; it is also united more certain than urn to menarcay > homage. li! the msjority of France may be towards bide pivogaed. it is infinitely less disposed towards civil wat It submits, therefore, to what it believes to be the lesser of the iis, and i¢ submits in the tacit hope that 201 jt may bring about hereafterth consummation desired by the muojority, without the calamities which would attend any attempt at present at the establishment of @ constitutional monarchy. Nevertheloas, it may happen, that ifthe r-publio is enabled to hold its grouad for a certain time, if cvn- fidence should meanwhile be re-established aad com- merce revive, if the funds should recover themssives, if foreigners should revisit Paris, and the capital should resume its gsy aspect, which has characterized it of yore, why, then [ thiok it probable that the ma- jority may be disposed to be reconciled to the repun~ Le, and may even give their cordial support to its par- manent vetublishment. But inthe present state of things, to suppose this, would be te suppose humsa nature stripped of those qualities which have always, and everywhere, characterized it. The people who possess anything, have seen their property rapidly di- minish, and in rome cases altogether vanish; com: merce is prostrated, If you want a proof of this, bs- ond the visible conditien of Paris, search the port- folio of the Bankof France. The a 4 of ita week. ly discounts last year, was nearly 16,000,000 francs; ite discounts last week were under seventy miilioas. Visit the principal streets, and you will fialwvery eighth or tenth shop shut. Inquire among ths propria- tors andthe tenants,and you will find that a large roportion of those which remain open are rent free, caure the tenant is unable to pay rent, aad the Jandlord ic unwilling to eject knowing that be can get no better, The holels are empty. Ph» quarters of Paris usually occupied by resideat foreigaers aro deserted Proprietors who live on the rent of their houses, and these are numerous, are driven to the last extremity. The Five per cents,- which before the revolution fluctuated between 115 and 12), are now 68. Rail- way shares have fallen in a@ still more frightful proportion ; those of the Northern, which at one ‘time were 900, are now 360,and so forth. You can- not, therefore, find it difficult to conceive that in such a situation, the utmost distrust and alarm prevail mong those who have anythiag to lov. and this dis trust and alarm is quite indepandent of any political opinions. Until the causes which produce this state of things shall cease to operate, it would be absurd to expect that the republic can be considered as defini- tively established. If the project of the constitution be reeeived with indifference, the question of the Presidency of the re- public certaiuly is not so. It has been decided to proceed to the election of the President soon atter the vote of the constitution, but » diM suity has arisen of particular kind. The project of the constitution is a series of abstract propositions—a sort of skeleton or scaffolding, vpon which is to be erected a rystem of ractical laws by which the country is to be governed, it is contended, and indeed decided, that the present Aseembly, which was appointed to form the constitu- tion, was necessarily intended also to form those or- nic laws, without which the constitution would be foers. The Assembly has, therefore, decided that it will not dissolve itself until these organic laws are passed. How long these last may take, it would bs difigult to say. Some assert thatit cannot be less than two eare: at ull events the period may be loag—much too Tong to allow the country safely to remain under @ provisional government, It has therefore been de- cided that, if, on the one hand, the Assembly shall continue its session, 80, on the other hand, the chiet of the State s! be elected and installed, so as to confer on the government @ permaneat character, notwithstanding the continuance of the funstions of the Nationel Assembly. But here arises the d Mouity: the Constituent Assembly, from its very nature, is. politically speaking, omnipotent. It derives from the people unlimited powers. ‘The President, who will now be elected and instatled, deriving bis powers from the same sources, will have an equal right, 0 far as these powers go. How, then, can the powers of the President, as defined by the constitution and con- ferred by the people, be rendered compatible with the powers of the Assembly. also conferred by the pro- ple, but unlimited and Uodeiined? If these two powers, derived from the same origin, should coms iato oollt- sion—if an ordinance of the President should commaad athing, and @ decrev of the Assembly should command the contrary, which is to take effect, and wno ts to de: cide between them’ This crave qwestion is under de- bate at the time I write, We shall ses if it is brought to adetinite conclusion before the departure of this mail, there 2 swallin number. it is pest fi iY e epoch has arrived at which what Is called the Paris season has commenced, The Italian opera—the event which usually signalizes this ep »ch—has opens), but has opened under wahappy aaapices. The sub toription list has miserably fatied, although an abate ment of the prices been offered to tempt subsorip= tion. The great stars, who have ‘or years attracted, have quitted their spheres, mod gono to St. P tersburg dl elsewhere. Nevertheles*, & mo good comp: has been ooilected, manager endeavors to supply in variety of ptforman the absence of great artistioal taleat. [be hou Jately have been moderately filled, generally about two-thirds of seats being ovcapiod, but a prac ticed eye can glance, that a large portion of the audience represents what, in tae yoosoulary of the: greeu room, is called * paper.’ Doubts ate expressed yer this theatre will be enabled to continus opea, The Grand Opera bas announced great attractions At prerent, Mile. Cherito, the dansease, aod her hat band, St, Leon, ate the attractions there; bat M-yor- beer bas agreed to produce his celebrated opere of tho “Prephet,”” and Roget and Madame Viardot ary en- gaged to perform im it, Much is expected from this, provided the opera is able to keep above water until it oan be produced. he poor Theatre Frangals, is at its lowest ebb. Mile. Rachel has resigned, the pretext belug {ll health, bat the real cause is said to be the utter decline of the theati Tl ruth is, thet theatres of this class caa- not be sustained in Paria, in the absence of foreigners. The minor theatros, especially those of the Boule- vards, are more or less supported. They are an ahao- Jute nesessary of life to the Bourgeosie, and it must be only at the last extremity that they will be closed. Private parties are entirely at an end. There is Mterally no seoiety in Paris. The hotels of the wealthy are empty and closed, and even the official receptions of the fanctionaries of the government are attuadad by thore only who are seeking employment Tha change iy the usual aspect of Paris. is greater than oan be conceived or believed by any who do not personally witness it, ‘Tne same system of agitation by popular banqnets, which was the immediate fore unner of the fall of Louis Philippe, and the adveut of the republic, has lately been commenced, and is nowat its height. Not 8, that these great assemh ages are not ol- addressed in the most exciting language by demagogues of every shade. One was held on Satar- day evening, in the Jardin d’Hiver, in the Champs Elyréen, at which seven or eight hundred persons were present, including @ number of females. The usual string of toasts was drank, all breathing the ont extreme democratic spirit, auch as * Tue Damo- eratic und Social Republic !’’ * The union of Demo- crate!” “To the memory of Fourier!’ * To the in- surgents of June!” &c, &o, Another similar banquet was held on Sunday eve- ning, at which from twelve to fifteen hundred persons were present, outside the Barritredu Roule. The same series of toasts was drank there, and the same series of epeeches delivered. The tribune was surrounded by pillars inscribed with the names of the prisoners of Vincennes and the exiled members of ihe Assembly, Barbés, Raspail, Caussididre, Louis Blanc, &o.; and an- other banquet is announced to be held, under the presidency of Cabet;and another under that of Floson. ‘The same manifestations are going on in the depart- ments. If these do not presage another popular mc ment of some kind or other, analogy is not worth strawin politics. Octonen 26, 1843, ‘A very important resolution was taken last evening by the club of the Rue de Poitiers, which was to vote for the postponement of theelection of the President of the Republic uatil after the Assembly shall have parsed the organic laws, a period. as | have already stated, of probably two y: For two years, there- fore, will the provision state of goveroment of France be prebably continued,.since this determination of the club of the Rue de Poiters involves the vote of the majority of the Assembly. General Cavagniac will aimost certainly resign immediately after the vote of the Assembly in this senee, M. Goudchaux, the Minister of Finance, has resigned, and the Moniteur of this morning contains the appoint- ment of M. Trovet Chauvel, late Prefeot of the Seine, and formerly a banker at Mans, in his stead. This appointment has not given satisfaction at the Bourse, Pants, Oct. 6, 1849, The Bourse and Money Market. It was generally expected that the late ministerial change would produce a sensible amelioration in the market. It brought to the government the support of the majority of the country, composed of peaceable citizens, indus‘rious and long accustomed to the de- velopment of our various productions. The nation would, it was hoped, respond to this marked progress in ide nd moderation, by a resumption of business, and less distrust of the future. The Bourse, where the good and bad chances of the interests of society are invariably indicated,was somewhat disposed to speulate @ rise on the faith #f a majcrity of 525 on the vote of confidence. Unhappily, it 18 more easy to destroy than to rebuild, and it does not appear that we are yet the terminaticn cf the difficulties which were or Ey the revolution of February. The state of thain- direct revenues during the nine first months of 1818, has prepared for us # sorry picture Compared with 1847, there is a diminution of 102 millions. A deficit ‘was expected, but not soconsiderable. We must, how- ever, console ourselves with the fact, that t! quarterly account is not £0 unfavorable ding. neal and commercial con: the general * houleve ocsupy our speculator | chasers, but the great body of speculators stood aloof, | thing elee. The international commerce of th countries with Krance may be regarded us suppressed for # long time, and it ia little to be expected that the revenues of France can reeover entirely, 60 long as the commerce of the two countries shall be iaterrupted. It is them to be feared that our Minister of Finance will find himself obliged to anticipate the resources provided for the public service to tne end of Jan- ‘uary, 1850. Now, as it is mot probable that the [abt alll will wait until it has completely ex- usted the 428 millions of extraordinary resour- ees, before procuring others, fears as to our future seen situation sreaizcited on each occasion ~ new 8, jnging the sahjeat of ou Bnances” before ur, are publshed.” Thus, the last weekly balance sheet of the Bank of Fance has bese ap considerable sensation in the market, becsuse 8 @ continual falling off in the amounts of com- mercial discounts. that index of the commercial state of thecountry. The discounts for Paris and the whole of the departments do not exceed 177 millions, whi last year at th epoch, ina moment of commer. cial crisis, they amounted to 340 millions, We are therefore compelled to ses that commercial credit is till far from bwing established There is, it is true a Nittle doing in retail businose, but it is all for cash. The manufacturers and merchants will not accept any kind of atrangementin which bills are offered, beoause they can as yet do nothing with them. Tho bankers have not | yet recommenced their discounts, and positively refuse ull kind of accommodation. Tho retail traders ex rience all kinds of difficulty with the banks of dis. count, and there are no means of obtaining discounts throvgh the Bank of France ‘Thus all business is crippled, and only what is abso- lutely necessary, is either manufactared or bought, and this «tate of things cannot improve until confi- dence is re-established, ‘The Bourse, in the midetiof tlris present and prospec- tive state cf affairs, is depressed and without business, Every thing is in a state of stagnation. Attention is also directed, on the Bourse, to the af- fairs of Italy. There, as in Germany. all is confusion, and there appears to be little immediate hope of im- provement. ‘We are about to appfoach the poriod of the election of the President of the republic, and, according to all prerent appearance, our state of absolute apathy is not likely to be changed, at all events, until then, On Monday, the Bourse seemed to be somewhat re- assured as to the events of Vienna, and said that the Diet had opened with Windishgraetz to bring about a surrender of the city. Our speculators regard the return of the Empe- ror into his capital, asa very dwsirabie event, brcause it would continue the negotiations relative to the af- | fairs of Italy, and he would be disposed, probably from | his personal position, to make some concessions to the mediating parties. A report was prev that the | cabinets of Paris and London had senta note to Charles Albert, opposing formally the resumption of hostiliti This favorable news produced some pur- waiting. among other things, the debate which will | doubtless take place within a few days on the subject of the budgets of 1848 and 1849, The effect which may be produced on the market by the details which will be submitted to the Assombly on the enormous def. | ciency of these two years, is looked forward to with | anxiety. The negotiation of » now loan of four hun- | dred miijjons in the early part of next year, is alrvady regarded at the Bourre aa very probable. The firmness of the stock improved the quotations of bank shares, | besides which, the price of 1500, to which they had fal- | len on Saturday, on account of the not satisfactory | state of the balance sheet as related to commercial dircounts. and the amount of its demandable liabili- | ties as compared with its immediate means, necussa- | rily led to some purchases. The following are the prices for the week :— Sper ets, Sper cts, Sper cts, Tr.Bons. Bk. old. loan, Shs. +f. 44 40 68 85 - 1530 4420 6870 22 1,600 4425 6845 — 1,500 4445 68 65, - 1,630 | 44 60 69 00 _ 1530 44 60 68 90 21% 1,616 Our Austrian Correspondence. | Vinnwa, Oot. 15, 1848, | Progress of the Revolution, Fe. | It is now ten days since the revolution began here, and I cannot well tell you when it is likely to termi- nate, The movement to the west of the army of the Cawarilla would appear to indicate an intention to operate a junction with the army of Bohemia, and re- duce the city by starvation. On another side, the army of the Croats, who occupy the railway of Glav gintz, would appear to endeavor to effect its retreat towards Croatia If it should adopt this latter course. the corps of the army of Col, Perozel, which occupies Legrad, will cut off his retreat, and this troop of bri- gands once destroyed, the Hangarian coloael will e: ter Croatia, and effect at Agram a democratic rev Jution, The success of this 1s eo much the less doubt. ful, as the German part of the hostile army, as well those under Auersperg as Jeilachich, is completely de- meralised, and oaly waits o fa le opportunity to join the ranks of the people. This apprehension ts so great on the parc of the officers, that two German rogi- ments, on whom they could not rely. have been sta tioned at Baden, about six miles from the oity. Gen. Jodorowitz, who was coming to the assistance of Jeliachich, has been vigorously repulsed by the landsturm of Hungary, and has been oblised to take refuge in Styria. He bas gone to Kieching, with 8,000 men sod some artillery. But then the moun-aingers, who bave risen as a sing!e man, will be met with, aad his complete defeat is anticipated, 3000 Styrians, students and peasants, at the first news of the revo. lution, have marched dey and night across the moun- tains to join us, giving an additional proof of waat energy and love of liberty will effect, Those brave fellows form an advanced post, and are burning to at- k the enemy. Wtthe Poles who aro at Vienon have also joined the demeeratic cause This brave troop yesterday prised of thone warm-hearted use of liberty, whose a atthe serviee of the is not a sing’e Croat left in Hangary, wit iittle garrison at the folt ct guarding the bridge of Varasdia At Dukia, in Gailicia, the reactionary ty had entablished aeamp. Thay talk of eone-ntrating there Gstrian soldiers Orholewka. in 1831 He Is 01 men devoutl; 20.000 men. Alresdya of 25,000 Ai is coveentrated at Oimuts where the Emperor aod the Minister Wessenberg are at this moment. with what view, we shall know hereafter. Whatever they may do or attempt, | predict to you thet their cause retrievably lost. They must, willingly or submit to the pecple, who have always beem subi! in courage and d+votion Would you believe thatit wad with sticks aud pikes that there brave working men, I'd by the students, took the eannons of the army of Aversperg and lays t, they meintain order, and protect the property ot thoes who On the Oth, the people had bas ised to popular indi; The crowd demanded by the arm, ezolaimi * Io tl pame of the rovereign people, | arrest you: Gentoo the prisoner to the Aula!” The erows, ifby enchantment, conducted their vio'im & the eae Mabie nd thus his life was saved from the popular ‘ary. Yesterday evening, at six o’slock, a enundnade was hesrd. It w jombat b tween the advanced guard of the Croata, stationed at the Burrier Saint Marxee, and the Styrian and Polish volunteers of whom I have spoken, The city Iv perfestly tranquil, and, notwithstanding the abrence of all regular government, and with am armed population of 150 000 men, of whom two-thirds, at least, are of the lower classes, the moat perfeet or- der reigns at all points, and not the slightest inter- ference has taken pi th property, Half-past Two.— ratich, who has arrived from the Hungarian camp, brings the news that the night before an engagement had tak the advanced poste of the Hungarions an: trian troops, in which the latter were wo. Tam told that the General ix about to visit the points of de- fence of the city, and to concert with tl stuff the operatio the defence of Vi From all sides we have news of desertions from the army of the Camarilla. A piquet of Bohemian drazoons har joined the people arms and baggage, and hae this’ moment entered the olty in the midst of the most enthusiastic acclamations, Ostober 17. joved yesterday, the ehiefs of the two patriotfarmies have combined and arranged thete plana of defence, A camp of 26.000 men is nina at Bel- videre. The points at whieh the enemy sould make an attack ere guarded by the Guard Mobile and de- fended by cannon, Enthusiasm is at the highvat piteh, and a mesrage from our Commander-in-Chief id of the National Guard, who bas the com city, to the Ban Jellachioh has summoned him to lay down his arms, or to expeet an enorgetic attagk. As the Hungarian army advancen, the army of the Camanila and seems to wish to avoid a combat. It wag atated soathreay to the students, that five, studenta, who had fallem into the power of the enemy. had heen. bung at Inrexedorf, whieh occasioned tatiea. ‘The Hungatlavs deckied to Foe panting fer thin act of barbarity, and to shoot two olears for t put to death. The deputy Pieher, who t to the Emperor ou a mirsion, hasagmba tele mawer of the Emperor, which is eo: e . A great movement of troups has taken piace 01 left bank of the Danube. I learn, from Luits, that 30,000 or 40,660 men, ugder Windishgracts, are marching to form @ jnnetion witk the army of Auers- on the other hand, I hear thatan Anti- t movement, whieh has brokem out at Prague has obliged the latter to retura to Prague with is troop: You are aware that Bohemia is divided into three distinct parties: the German party, whieh wishes for German unity and s f-derative republic: the ichéque- ultra party, which demands thy establehment of o Sclave kingdom, comprising Bohemia. Moravia, and that part of Hungary whieh sp-aks the Sclave len- guage, and, lastly, the ulira anti: Selaviato party. who are also called the bitorical party. This et which maker common cau with the German demon! confines itself to desiring the establishment of aps kingdom, which would comprise Bohem| tothe exclusion of the German part of there provinces, and would rep) things as they were in 1620, when the Emperor Rodolph dismembere® there provinces. The most effectnal support, ao welt of the German patricte as of Hungary, is assured to thie latter party. and the realisation of the end they bave in vi jot be doubtful—it is only.s question of time, To morrow we expect some atirring events. ‘yeulorday event Oxmurz, Oot, 16, 1848. esterd Dg. a rumor pease was about to be concluded with stabs. reichie teak oe fent. unconfirmed; but news almxt as important has arrived, that a conrier had brought. i from the Hungarian ministry, for submiaston oa mbes of Hungary. However improbable this may seem, it ie certain that the porition taken by Count Auersperg, under Vienna, would not a little have contributed this result He is placed in such manner between the troops of Jellachich and the forces arri gery, that the latter cannot attack the ret forcing the army of A 5 8 two armies, the Hungarians are not suffiele as the Hungarian Diet has iteelf scknowledged. Our Romau Correspondenee, Romr, October 14, 1848, General Zucohi, who has accepted the portfolio of war, is expected every hour, This choice at once honors the Prince who bas made it, and the old soldier who is its object. General Zacchi has taken part in thegreat European wars of the Empire, in the ranke of the French army. His last feat of arma was th nt and prolonged defence of the citadel of Palma Nova, Ex- perience and patriotism are the two prineipal titles which have recommended thi istry; bat there war, perbape, another: the Ge: joet all his pro- perty in the cause of Italian ind-pendence, it having questered by the Austrian governmest, spo of bringing about him the most emf- 1y, Appears to be the settled determin tion of His Helinees, The celabra ed Abbé Roamini, a | tion of the treasury bills which will be psid off almort an distinguish: it. arrived a fow weeks nine be os Milan Pi ilustrious writer waain every way worthy, donigns fo bim one of the two hate which wiley giveate oven, rT. an @ new Cardinal will, it is sai Minister of Pablio iubtedetiem o sac ae ° ministry is every day gaining stron A few days since the Pope gaven seuquetin hie Houle thus destroying the etiquette which has governed the Holy See for hundreds of years. Among the'guests, were Cardipals Oriolj. Soglia, Patrizi. and Vannioelll, the Mensignori Piccolomini, Borremeo. Stella, and Della Porta; Count Mastel, brother of the Pope, the Ambasrador, Duke de Riguano, and Prince Altier! Two bills of exehange for a million franos each, have been forwarded to Paris, to pay the dividendson Roman ttock. The 200 000 piustres neces ary for the red nuary, 1849, are provided by @ voluntaty loan by the ‘clergy, and without the necessity of rell- ing any of the ceclesiastical property. This Inet operation has creat reat sensation Bere. De- creed by the oongreg of bishops amd regular clergy, promulgated by the Cardinal Viear, the minis ter does not appear in tl lair. and yet every © nows that he js the dictator in the matter, Our Tascan Correspondence. FLonemcn, Oot. 17, 1848, About ten days sinee,in consequense of » rather serious émeuie, the government adopted energetic measures, The Grand Duke reviewed the troope, and harangued them. The law against public assem- biages was placarded in all the rtreets. The reaction in favor of order was complet the rioters did not thow themselves, and everything appeared to be in good train, The Cabinet obtained a vote of eonti- dence of the Council General, when all at once the Minirtry in a body sent inits resignation. The agi- tators again came forth and marched in bers to 1! Pal Petti, with fi inscribed “long live Gueragzi of imposing their chief on the ae purpose for the Grand Duke ag t toexpiein the that to take place, which would @ called for energetic repression. Blosd would have flowed, and the istry Capponi would not be either the pretext or the caure of & fanguinary conflict. It therefore preferred togive in {ts resignation, These explangtions have fativfied noone It is thought. d with reason, that a ministry, sustained by @ majority. shodld not have retired before an émeute or before the fear of @ eon- flict. The retreat of thy cabinet at this moment is so | much the more deplorable that the Livornese or | rather the rioters of Leghorn, had circulated bulle- tins, in which they threatened to march on Florence, ifon acertain day the cabinet was not changed ; and it was the day afterthe day fixed that the Capponi Ministry resigned. The Grand Duke isin the great- est perplexity, Hedraws back before the severe ne- cersity of confiding the direation of aff sirs to Queraaai, who is ostensibly the chief of those who would revarse the actual regime, who was lately at the head of tthe émeute at Leghorn, of which he waa the prinelpal in- stigator, and who is forced in his obi the mob against the wishes of the © the civic guard, and the great majority country. On the other band, men of influonee are not now disposed to enter inté office this moment ; they wish that a Gueraasi Ministry may be tried in order to prove its perfect IneMsienoy. \lveyesare now directed towards a called the centre left, of which MM, 8 ry Lamburebn! Journal La P | been atthe bead of the prog: all ecensio most liberal determination through the city to their post ikued them by thoir gallant Gen. Pehm. This brave general ja nots new man He covered himself with glory at (he battle of | italien independence, but si has been put | peril by demapogues more dangerous for wid social ordcr than the soldiers of Austzla, MM, Sas eee