The New York Herald Newspaper, August 24, 1848, Page 1

Same NO.5195. vr Huropean Correspondence. Panis, August 3, 1348. Italian News—Important. | ‘The mail 1s closed to-day, and I will furnish you | with the latest news in France and Europe gene- | rally, up to this moment—or to the time when my letters shall be deposited. I referred, yesterday, | to the news trem the battle-ground of Italy and Austria, and to the fact that the reported victory | of the Italians had rather been a defeat; indeed, | each piece of intelligence reaching Paris had tend” | ed to confirm this view of the case. I have fre. quently referred you to the dilatory or treacherous conduct of Charles Albert, after the battle af Gioto, and to the fact of his attempts at diplomacy in the meantime, and his allowing the Venetian country | to be overrun by the Austrians, for the purpose of driving them into _his kingdom, and that this de- Jay was affording the Austrians so much time for reinforcements and to. pepvere; and giving them so much ot the courage that grows up from success, that it might prove to be fatal to the golden dreams of the Sardinian monarch ; and that he might, in | fact, lose all that he hadgained. This view of the case scems quite likely to be realized. After the Venetians voted to join Sardinia, after losing some five or six of their principal cities, Charles Albert set himeelf to prepare to attack Verona, having been in a condition to have done so more than three weeks before that ume. He had his army extended nearly twenty miles alongthe Min- cio; and the Austrians having supplied themselves from the cities which they had captured, and re- ceived the necessary reinforcements, sallied ou from Verona and Mantua, and a eet forces, attacked the centre and left wicg of the Italian ar- my,and have forced them back upon Gioto and Pes- chiera, and have probably invested it. There have been five days pretty hard fighting,in which a large numberof prisoners have been made on both sides; and the Austrian loss is represented, by the Italian bulletins, ‘as being 2000 to 3000 killed and wound- ed, ard as many prisoners; yet the Austrians are forcing the Italians from all their positions, and making preparations for attacks upon Verona and Mantua ; and although the Piedmontese troops are reported as having performed prodigies of va- lor, the Tuscans and Lombardians appear to have behaved badly, and a regiment of those of Mode- dena, actually to have deserted to the enemy. Tu- rin and Milan were in consternation—their minis- tries have been changed, and it is said that they are making new levies of troops. Courier after courier 15 on his way to France and Paris. Some have arrived and delivered their despatches—but | sures of finance, and the restriction o| ence shall prevent it. - MORNING EDITION---NEW YORK, THURSDAY, AUGUST 24, 1848, indeed, there 18 no opposition to the government declared. Thiers himself declares himself its supporter; yet this club, which meets in the Rue Poitien, carries its own candidate for the Presi- dency -of the Assembly, and the Constitutionel demands for 1ts members more places in the minis- try. But the members of this club have suppened the measures’ of General Cavaignac, as fully as | those of any other, I think; and, thus far, they have done much in giving strength to the govern- ment and confidence to the country. The Club of the Institute more direetly represents the adminis- tration, at this moment, than any other. The Pre- sident of the Assembly belongs to this; and I think at embraces the views of MM. Senard and Goud- | chaux. The Club de Poitien has adopted the reso- the mea- re rafts u the treasury; and the credit of the government has increased beyond all hope—even more rapidly than it fell; so much so, that the loan offered has been immediately taken, and there was a great rush for it;—a thing which, one month since, would have been adjudged incredible. 5 i There seems to be a strong union of feeling in the Assembly, upon the pupae measures of the government; and { think the 629 to 100 expresses pretty fairly the majority by which the adminis- tration 1s supported, There will be other very dif- ferent divisions, upon particular measures, without doubt ; but the general features of the measures of the government will have this strong support. Should France engage in no war, the prospect now is, that in a few months her credit will be higher than that of any government in Europe, England and Russia excepted, and not second to theirs, General Cavaignac has impressed upon the republic the necessity a ead energy and promptitude in 1ts measures and engagements; and there exists unlimited confidence in the capacity and integrity of himself and his ministers, under all circumstances ; and this has inspired a new tone of public feeling, which has regenerated the country. OnseRveR. Panis, July 31, 1818. lution of that of the Institute, touching f AGuirs of Turkey—ThYSutan—lbrahim Pacha, of Egypt—Greece—Danubian Provinces. The affairs of the principalities about Valla- chia occupy strongly the attention of the Divan at Constantinople. A new commissary has been sent to Bucharest, Soliman Pacha, who was once ambassador to Paris. The main purpose of this mission 1s to give a peaceable solution to the diffi- culties now existing in these provinces; and it is hoped with success, unless the Russian influ- The Porte is represented as not hostile to reforms, and would be glad to what is the precise character of these despatches has not been developed, much less the decision of the French government upon them, if any has been made—which latter is not probable. Italy is in consternation at this moment, and her internal disputes—the treachery to one another—and the duplicity or meompetence of the King of Sardinia —the recent conduct of the Pope, in resisting the war, and creating a divided council thereby in the dtalian States—all these matters, have brought about the present disasters, 10 say nothing of the cowardice of a portion of the troops upon the field, and the treachery of another portion. Oxsse < Panis, August 2, 1848. Accusation against Louts Blanc, Caussiditre, and Ledru Rollin — Lamartine Attainted —Twelve Representatives Involved—Other News—The Na- tional. - The news of the battle and retreat of the Italian army hes produced a vivid impression at Milan and Turin—at the former a committee of safety has-been formed; at the latter, a change of minis- try has taken place. It is said that the troops of Lombardy and Tuscany fled, and those of Modena, some 500 of them, went over to the enemy—yet the Italian army is 60,000 strong, anda greater part o it composed of good troops; and should the Pope of Rome give his influence to unite the Italian States, and to push forward the war, impelled by the new danger, the Italians may cease to quarrel among themselves, and unite to force back the enemy ; but affairs are coming to an issue in Italy, for Hungary, by a vote of 233 to 30, of the Assem- bly at Pesth, has agreed to send forward 50,000 | troops into Italy, and unless peace follows soon, this state of things cannot fail to compel Italy to appeal to France, and when that is done, France will respond to the call. In addition to many other sources of information, the National of this morn- | aaa erabe direct to the point, upon the satires and, as it were, semt-officially. It appeals to Italy and to Germany to settle their differences, and turn their attention to Russia and her aggressions; that Italy, in this adjustment, will have the aid of | France to weigh in the scale. If the parties fail | France will offer her mediation to settle the terms. | af Austria, reject this, France will then send her | battalions into Italy. The National remarks, upon | the frankness of this announcement, tnat the posi- tion of France may be understood. ‘ | An envoy extraordinary, arrived this morning at | Paris from Turin, brings the news of the formatioa of a committee of public safety at Tugin, and the | xeeult of the great battle between the two armies. | Indeed, it appears; not improbable that the battle continued to rage after the latest dates, for there does not appear to have been any such decided | advantage as to prevent a further contest, should | the Austrians attempt to push further their success. | ‘What a commentary this result is upon the delays | + Charles alliert oh the Italian division! Possi- bly they may profit by it. the Insh insurrection and insurgents, lead you where the chartists did—into nonentity. | ‘he Débats says that the vote of the Assembly, | approving the decree of the government upon the | press, was almost unanimous; and if they are not mistaken, several of those who spoke against the measures of the government, voted to approbate | it. Several of the socialists refused to vote upon | the proposition of Proudhon—even the socialist ress say the cause was wounded by one of its | Fenda, which; means, that the disciples them- selves did notcomprehend the extent of the ini- | quity of their doctrines, until they were exposed | an solemn debate, when they were pressed for- | ward in all their deformity, by a champion bold | enough to avow them in the National Assembly. have the Princes of Moldavia and Vallachia receive with favor most of the demands which the people make upon them. But these princes are represented to be under the influence of Russia, and to have resisted all the demands which have been made upon them. The Porte desires to reconcile these differences, but insists upon a recognition of his right of sovereignty, and upon a refusal, he is in preparation to send 30,000 troops to enforce it. Russia is pressing the Porte to this point, and to make some material alterations in these Provinces.— Upon Neng Sabra of the entry of the Russian troops, the Porte sent some more troops into Bul- garia, with the order to unite with those that might be found there, and, if necessary, to advance nto Vallachia, which forces would amount to 25,000 men. Upon the news of the passage of the Pruth by the Russian troops, General Aupeck addressed a protest to the Porte, against this entry of strangéts upon the soil of the Ottoman; but the Porte, although disposed, is not in a condition to dispute the question with his powerful antagonist. ‘The French minister is not yet recognized by the Porte, and thus leaves the entire ground to the English and Russian ministers, Canning and Ti- tow. The French will make an effort to make themselves heard at the Court of Con- stantinople, as soon as their affairs are so ar- ranged at home, as to enable them to take a po- sition which will compete with Russia and Eng- land in the Kast. The relations of the Turks and Greeks are not frendly—the latter accuse the for- mer of fermeating ingurrections, which the Porte denies ; and the Greeks have refused to deliver up the Turks who were the assassins of M. Mussanes; end the Turks have notified the Greek consul, that, hereafter, Greeks will be subjected to the Turkish tribunals in their dominions. Egypt, also, inspires the Porte with nquietudes. Trae Pa- cha is suspected of designs te compromit the sove- reignty’of the Sultan; he has already refused to send forward the ordinary tribute, under the pretence that the afluirs of Europe require him to be prepared to meet contingences. Ibrahim is making large mili- tary preparations; and, as is said, has proposed to the Syrians to pronounce in favor of Egypt, and of his dominion. Mostoum Bey, the representa- tive at Constantimople, has returned to Alexan- dria, charged with some presents to Ibrahim Pa- cha and some representations. Servia and Bos- nia, about which there is so much agitation and so many disturbing elements, are objects of great | anxiety to the Divan. In addition to these trou- bles, the cholera is spreading more and more into the interior of the country. 3 1 have thus given your readers an imperfect sketch of affairs in the East, which is now likely to become the theatre of great events. The great battle of liberty may ye: be fought in this quarter of the world. Onserviir. Paris, July 16, 1848. Proudhom and his Seizure of One-third of the Rents—The Property of the Family of Louis Philippe—Thiers and the Great Debate. M. Proudhom, the author of the proposition through the press, to seize upon one-third of the rents and income of all individuals, or capital, in France, has, in the form of taxing their income to that extent—one part to go to the State, the other to the poor—that is, one-sixth to each—laid the same proposition before the Assombly, and is now discussing it before the committee to whom it was referred. He was the editor of a paper suppressed—has a good deal of talent and address; and the leading men in the | Assembly are giving him their attention, with a view to answering him fully. For this purpose Thiers, | among others, is drawing him out, and forcing him to The report of the committee, and the evidence, | geyelope his system; and Thiers is preparing to come will gravely .compromit Louis Blane and Caussi- | Ledru Rollin will be equally compromitted; | but in a measure less grave. Lamartine willsuffer | a political attaint, and about ten or twelve more | members of the Assembly will be strongly com- | dire. promitted. The committee deliberated yesterday, whether they would a to put Louis Blane and Caussidiére and Ledru Rollin, in accusation; but the majority decided to indicate the charges | which weighed against each, and leave the As- down upon him and his system with all his strength, which is a good deal. M. Jules Favre has also reported in favor of selling the property which belonged to Louis Philippe before he became king, and which that cautious monarch conveyed to his children before he accepted the crown—as Thiers says, against his ad- vico—for he could not then think that, under any circumstances, France would seize upon the property which he possessed before he became king. hiers sembly to take the initiative. The report will be | pax denounced the measure proposed in terribie terms; delivertd tothe Assembly to-day or to-morrow, and read and published. This 1s a grave matter, and the wisdom of sustaining the state of siege until zhese egitating questions are disposed of, is now most niunifest to the public. Twelve representa- tives are cotaprottted. ‘There are more to be put in immediate accusation. Awtul weakness. Lamartine attainted ! Ouserver. Panis, July 31, 1848. Government Loan all Taken— Credit of the Govern. meni—A New Club—Socialrsts Reduced to Ten or Tweive in the Assembly, In a former letter, I gave you the then existing state oi the parties in the Assembly, at Paris, and ‘an idea of the principles upon which they were based, as well as the numbers belonging to each. ‘These divisions are very important, as indicating the progress of public opinion, and the ground oc- cupied by the government. Since that time, an impevtynt change has taken place; and, besides the inciease and diminution, here and there, a new club has just sprung into existence, which now leaves Proudhon and Louis Blanc in a minority of only ten to twelve votes in the whole Assembly. All the rest have broken loose from them entirely, and formed a new club, upon the following princi- ples, to wit:—* Respect for religion ; protection of property; love of family; general frater gratuitous education, primary and supe: the triumph of radically democratic ideas. new club already counts more than one hundred members; the Club of the Palais National, 150; that of the Institute, now 200; and that of the | alance, which would not now | ‘Thiers party, the b leave it more than 300, The two extreme clubs may be called the opposition to the government ; the one tending to.re-action, as is alleged; the other, to anarchy and insurrection. But 1 do not believe that there ar: really fil in the club which I have called the Thiers Club, who would follow in opposition to the government;— but as Jules Favre isan able man, this matter is pro- bably to be debated with consummate talent, and much warmth of feeling. I do not precisely under- stand the whole ground upon which the committee have based the right of the State, and the propriety in | the execution of that right, to seize upon this pro- perty; and at first blush it appears to me as if Thiers was right, and that the property which the family had | before Louis Philippe was crowned, fairly belongs to | them. There may % something in the origin of that roperty; i janner of coming into the hands of .ouis Philippe, or in the amount squandered or seques- | trated by the monarch and his family, that may ohange | the first aspect of the question—hui, if not, I do not think it would be consistent with the dignity, honor and | purity of a republic to seize this property, or conalstont | with the rights of individuals, That this femily has | been vastly expensive for France is undoubtedly true; but, if they chose to have a monarch, perhaps they | ought not to complain in paying for this gowsaw. Louis Philippe bad seven or eight chidren to maintain, each one of whom did not cost the State much short of $600,000 a year, To-morrow the riding establish- ment of the widow of the oldest ¢on is to be sold, I havo examined it, It now consists of forty-six horses | —twenty-aix carriages, very elegant and expensive— pumerous saddles, bridles, &c., &¢., to correspond here are nearty as many servants to take charge of this establishment as there are horses, They and their families are provided with houses and furniture At the expense of the State; and, among other articles of furniture from the’servants’ apartments to be sold, are 196 pisses of linen shoots, This is the present state of the establishment of one woman, five yours after the death of her husband, an@ four months aftér the birth of the republio, deducting all the “ pickings and Menlings” during that time. The state of Louis Thilippe left debts amounting to about 20,000,000f,— | $6,060.900—principally for family supplies. What a | Dlerstng is a monarchy! The London Times could be | eloquent on the benefit to the poor of such items. | Only think how weil the servants lived-as well as their masters and mistresses. What a blessing to the people !—how just and equal !—and what an injury a republic brings to them! Why the Trovisiona Uo- vernment allowed this expense to be continued to the | State till General Cavaignac took the control of af. faire, ono would think needed explanation. The truth | is, that the Provisional Govermment had much to do— ) | | | | f good many fons, and not a very strong dinposition focurtall, “They bought their pesce—pert pa it was necessary. OBSERVER, Panis, July 16, 1843. The Malian and the Russian Question—United States Appealed to by France. France is beginning seriously to discuss before the committee, the position which she shall as- sume in the Italian question; and Lamartine, among others, has addressed two eloquent speech- es to that body. Charles Albert 1s believed to have invited Marshal Bugeaud to take the command of his army; but the Marshal has informed him, that though nally induced to do so, the President bas den: im. Soon the government will assume a pepion upon this question which will be known. ‘here is another question whioh is attracting lively attention, and that is, the effects of the republican effort in Wallachia and Moldavia; and the efforts of Russia to suppress it, and to subject the country to its rule. The French press, and the National leading off upon the question, insist that this country, which appears to be republican, and which numbers about eight millions of people, avd are the descendants of the Romans, is looking to France for assistance, and is pushing ferward for freedom, following her exampl and that it is the duty, asit is the interest of France, to prevent her from falling under the blows of the peak p Da g if ae ai pormnitied to Grd out her plans here, she and England will coalesce for Constan- tinople, t, Syria, and the atrong ports in the Red sea. across thelsthmus of Suez, and on the highway to Indio, That these two powers are acting in concert upon the subject—that France, Austria, Prussia, Italy, the German States, and the United States, are all in- terested in preventing England from lodging herself upon every strong point on this road—that we want the coffee of Mocha, and other cargoes, and do not want to pay tribute to the English—and that all the rest of Kurope is alike interested in preventing the success of the plans now set on foot by these two na- tions, I call the attention of our people to the subject and the discussion. I think France is preparing to act ; and she wants, at least, our good will, She knows that no other nation but the United States can meet England upon the ocean; and England knows the same. Why are we not interested in all these great questions, which co much affects even America; and in the establishment of goveraments, sympathisin with our republic, rather than with monarchies? An what have we done, that we should not be permitted to look ahead, and see how other nations are affecting our interests, by their aggressions? We are now of —a maritime people; have a strong navy, and large 8 ipping interests—and we cen venture to look Europe in the face—and not creep or stand in a humble atti- tude, OBSERVER. Franxrort-on-THE-Marye, July 31, 1848. The English Torres—The London Press—Denmark —Sweden—Germany, §c., &c. Atthe request ofa number of Deputies in the National Assembly, I commence my communica- tion, to-day, with a solemn protest against the manner in which the liberal movements in Germa” ny are treated by the English journals, and warn you to make liberal! allowance, in the news taken from their columns, for infamous misstatements, and the overflowing spleen of their petty jealousy. Since the commencement of the war with Den- mark, the Times has adopted a regular system of falsifying news, and treats its readers daily to a dish of information richly savored with chagrin IN: mence diplomatio intercourse between that ros ment and the new Germanic confederation. is ex- pected that the diplomatic relations of Germany to other countri be iy nged, im conse- quence of th tion ; if German unity is organi complete, but one representative will be required, al- { though it is said that Prussia will make it a condition of ber joining the union, that she be allowed to con- tinue independent diplomatic relations as heretefore. The Emperor of Aust will probably do the same, but in his capacity as King of Bungaryi and under these circumstances, representatives of foreign governments will leave Vienna and remove to Pesth, where it ia not improbable that the emperor will remain a portion of | the year. England proposes a complete reorganization of her diplomatic connections with Germany, seving the important position which this country is now about to asume—a com) and highly civilized nation of 45,000,000, extending from the Baltic to the Adriatic, and from the confines of Russia to the borders of France. Union is strength, and this will make Ger- many the most formidable nation in the world. Our ambassador at the court of Berlin, Major Donelson, has been in Frankfort several days, and his interview with the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the President of the National Assembly, has beon highly flattering and satisfactory. The United States stand number one in the friendship of the German nation, and its grea- test pride will be to follow the e: ave given. The necessity, at the present moment, of pay- ing great attention to our commercial relations with Germany, cannot be too much Ampre don the go- vernment as a duty. England is awake, and her agents are here now ; but the German: thy with them, and all the chanc ‘ rly the greatest changes which Germany has to make are those of her commercial system. ‘The present customs-union will probably be modified and extend- ed toall, with an inclination to free trade; but in making these changes, it is indisponsibly requisite to be well acquainted with the condition of things in nations with which she forms commercial leagues; and, theretore, the advantage of our having well informed commercial agents on the spot, Prussia has just an- nounced to the various Stategforming the customs- union, that the present tariff system will remain in full force until the definite tariff system for all the States shall be decided on in Frankfort. On the ar- rival of the Archduke, the final nominations for the ministry of the central executive will be made, and the new federal system will gointo fulloperation. 1 sorry to say that symptoms of nullification are begin- ning to show themselves very strongly in Prussia, The election of the National Administrator was not very warmly received in Berlin, and the refusal of General Wrangel to conclude a treaty with the Danes, without first laying it before him and the National Assembly in Frankfort, hus given this feeling a new irpulse. ‘The Prussians feel that their soldiers have fought the battles, and that they should have the power to settle | the affair, The announcement of the Minister of War tothe Assembly here, to-day, that the 7th, 8th and 9th corps de arnice have just been ordered to march into Denmark, takes it entirely out of the hands of the Prussians, and makes it a national affair. This gives the Prussian party an opportunity to appeal to the soldiery, and the result. ie-a probability of military revolution in Prussia The Central Minister of War has issued orders that all the troops of the entire con- fm | country, to await the political developements of | | scheme of colonization, forthe statesmen of al! p ties are sensible of the necessity of making great sacrifices to divert the peverty and excess of opu- lation with which the country is now afflicted, and at the same time rendering the emigration advanta- | geous to the country. Experience has sufficiently shown that emigration, through the free impulse of fea individuals, has only been a matter of specu- lation, and whatever ree results they may hith- erto have poesved, the unfortunate Ish and the | paupers of the over-populated manufacturing dis- tricts of England require the powerful support of the Government; with a majority in Parliament, the Government may reckon on every readiness to re- ceive with favor its measures for the amelioration of the material condition of the Irish agricultural laborers, No less alacrity will be displayed to ap- | prove all extraordinary plenary powers which may | appear necessary for the government of Ireland. | Altheugh Parliament has still several weeks | before it, the Ministry has resolved to throw | over the most important of all measures of free trade—we mean the bill for the modifi- | cation of the _ out-of-date Navigation Laws, | ‘The reason that induced the government to do so, | is the certainty that this measure, which has en- | countered the most violent and factious opposition | on the part of those interested in maintaining the | old Navigation Laws, which was only supported bythe old rree-traders, and whicn woull only have passed the Lower House by a elender major- ity (?) would certainly be thrown out in the House of Lords. Nothing is lost by this resolution, as the measure must, at all events. have begun de novo in | the next session. to carry through the measure than it has done this | year, is very problematical. The present ministry is only so far in favor of free trade as its interest | Tequires—that is to say, it fears to estrange the 80 | or 90 free-traders in the House of Commons who | lend a general support to its liberal measures. | As regards foreign politics, Palmerston seems less urged by spontancous impulse than compelled | by his colleagues, and the public opinion of the | | the continent, in an attitude of passive expect- ancy. Valmerston has recently adyised his agents in Vienna and Turin, to forbear from all direct intervention, It may be, therefore, that both powers have offered the part of mediatrix to England The conviction that itis the interest ¢t Austria to make up her mind to the separation of Venice gains ground with him more and more, | inasmuch as a peace, on the basis of the frontier | line of the Adige, would only avail as a_provi- sionary truce, which must sooner or later lead to | fresh conflict. A treaty for the equitable accept- | ance of a corresponding portion of the Austrian | state debt, appears to him the most worthy of sup- port. No apprehension is felt respecting the | march of the Russians into the principalities of | | | ports. t Whether, however, the govern- | rals. ment will then make any more vehement efforts | ce ee ene ee fe atria ato APEUEL 28 | the Pauvube, because itis foreseen that Palmerston | General; and, turning out in grand parade, shall so- | has stipulated conditions for the contingency of | lemn)y recognise him as their commander-in-chief, | this occupation, which leave Russia not a step and vow obedience to his orders and fidelity to the | neerer the conquest of Constantinople. England constitution of the confederation. The military ofi- | neither can nor will allow that power to transform cers of the Prussian army, stirring up the old jealousy | her protectorate into a permanent occupation of the at the idea that the Germans are now about to become a commercial nation, and use their own vessels for the transport of their produce instead of those of John Bull; and what is more, that they intend to have a navy to protect theircommerce. The idea that any nation in Europe, except the British, should dare to lay ¢! toa share of the pounds, shillings and pence in circulation, is revolting, and meets with well-' merited contempt and chastisement. In politics, their information from the continent is always favorable to the side of tyranny—if it even tequires falsehood to make it so. The news of the reception of the Prince of Prussia, as given by the 7¥mes, and his present position in Prussia, are destitute of every particle of truth ; many of its correspondents are perfectly ignorant of the language, and come merely to lick the hand that feeds them, and to report things as they would wish to have them. The most conservative party in Germany despise the doctrines of the English tories, and the much-vaunted English liberty is here considered as a farce, fit to be played after the Russian autocrat has played the tragedy. The question with Denmark is no easy one to settle, and the sympathies on which itis sure she can reckon | in Sweden and Norway, make it one of great impor- tance to Germany—sympathies, I say, for the national hatred of centuries between Denmark and Sweden seemed to have vanished before the prospects of a Scan- dinavian union ; for this party has 6o powerful a sup- port in all three countries, that it wili, very probably, succeed. This results, in part, from the present con tion of the throne of Denmark, which is without a na- tional heir; and at the demise of the present King, the right of succession passes through the female line tothe reigning elector of Hesse Cassel. He is very unpopu- arin Bis own dominions, and will never ascend the Danish throne, if for no other reason than that he is a German. Denmark may, therefore, now be consider- ed as an elective monarchy, and, under this banner, the three united kingdoms may rise to their former splendor aud greatness. King Oscar, of Sweden, is already spoken of for the triple crown. The battle in the duchies of Schleswig- Holstein was begun as one of nationality, against Danish oppression ; but it is not to be denied thata goodly number of the inhabitants of Schleswig are Danish, and wish te remain so; but Holstein belongs to the Germans, without a doubt, and they justly claim Schleswig, on the basis of old trea- ties, us inseparably belonging to Holstein, Here they | are,-incontestibly, in the right, notwithstanding the abuce and falsehoods of the London press, which the green eye of jealousy has heaped upon them. But old treaties, made by crowned heads, scores of years ago, should have no weight at the present day. when the ques- tion should not be one of diplomacy, but of the will of the people to maintain and develope their national character. In Schleswig, two-thirds of the population are German, and the other third Danish : the latter are in the North and North-West.bordering on Jutiand, and retain ail their feeling of Danish nationality. — Common sense would dictate an easy settlement of this matter, namely : the provinces that border on Jutland and are Danish in their feelings, should separate from the other provinces of Schleswig, and join Jutland. The remaining provinces of Schleswig and Holstein should then be annexed in full to the Germanic confedera- tion, and both parties attend to their own affairsinstead of cutting each other's throats in virtue of old trea- ties. If diplomacy can be kept aloof, 1 am convinced that this queation will be finally settled in this way — The friendly intervention of England is merely the endeaver, on her part. to cripple Germany as much as | poseible in the developement of her navy and commer- cial importance ; asevery step that Germany goes up the ladder. will put England one step down. We have received private information that all negotiations have failed, and hostilities recommenced on the 25th instant, General Wrangel having refused to sign the treaty, on account of ordems from Frankfort. ‘Che Minister of ‘Wag has just enquired of Wrangel what forces will be required to finish the war at one decisive blow, and the Central Executive here seems determined to act with | energy, Archduke John—the National Administra- tor—is daily expected here from Vienna, and we will soon cee how his call for additional troops will be re- sponded to by the individual States. The Archduke has been received with great enthusiasm on his jour- ney, and his election seems to respond to the wishes of the great majority the of Beople.— | The extreme radicals oppose him, and with » bit- terness that oversteps the bounds of party opposi- tion. They profess the pure principles of democracy ; de the National Assembly sovereign in its power, but are etill unwilling to submit to the will of the ma- | jority. Were the Assembly the representatives of fa- Vored classes, the question would be different ; but I repeat it, that the right of suffrage is here less tram- melled than in many of the States of our Union. As a general rule. ail have the privilege of voting who have lived in their district for the last six months. and have not been convicted of crime, and are in sane mind.— Again, the rights conferred on the Governors Genoral, are merely provisional, until the formation of the new constitution ; a new election will then take place, and the people can express their sovereign will; no new burden {s heaped on the people, aa the Archduke bas refused « civil list, and will, there- | fore, receive no compensation for his services—they are given to hiscountry, The extreme radicals make a business of* opposition. The crime, with them, is not how the ministry governs, but that it governs The people carry # man into office on theie their shoulders one ,and the next, treat him to # charivary, for having sigzed @ proclamation in the per- formance of his o! Such politicians are capital at breaking down, but their capacity for creat- ing is questionable ; they demand success for their propesitions, or threaten, in care of contrary decisior to withdraw, and point to the storm that their ap) to the people will conjure Ha This is not republican- tem, when exercised by thirty deputios against five hundred, all provided with equal mandates from the people. If democracy in this country is to be Ins the peopie must by trained very differently from w they have been. If they are only to learn in the ach of experience, the Jatter may be ao bitter and soul-de- ¢t oying, aa to even annihilate hope. The very hours, in Europe, as they pass into oblivion, record some now folly, in the name of the people; and the infant liberty of the Frenoh republio, half crushed in its very cradle, is an omen of the fate of liberty in Germany, uoless misfortunes there produce modecation here>’ Berlin and Vienna seemed determined to follow the example of Paris, Women form part of the democratic clubs of the reyoiution, anc in this quality march about the streets with the flag cf the red republic ; asacciati exist alike hostile to monarchy, republic. and the p: sent sooial condition «1 sooiety—declaring property a theft, and virtue a crime. ‘If like causes produce eflecta, these capitals mo y still be obliged to find their salvation in the bands ci @ Cavaignac, Still, nil di | we ma: | and tor th | | presence of the Queen :— perandum is the m: to. A republio in Germany i« sure ae the uY oftime. The patriotic and the oultivaté exietence and weil- being of a republic, mow mials- try have recogpined tho French republic, and an an- bassador will very shortly be sent to Freaco, to com- against Austria, refuce to vow fidelity tothe Archduke, and the order of the day for next Sunday in Prussia, has been so far altered, that the military merely turn out and listen to the reading of the order to the troops, that the Archduke is hereafter to be considered a8 the head of th@German nation, and that as such they are to greet him by three hurrals, Some of the battalions have even refused to do this, and all look with anxiety towards next Sunday, as one of great importance to the nation. ‘The re-actionary and sectional party in Prussia is doing all that liesin its power to produce a counter revolution, and the refusal of the army to vow obedience will be a fatal blow to German unity. Every effor: is now being made to work on the masses, by appealing to their Prussian pride and patriotism, and Prussian history, to induce them to move against the new central power. This party may succeed in exciting another eivil war, for the radical party is d termined to sacrifice the separate interests or the judices of Prussia, for the good of the German nation as a whole, and is as ready to fight for it now, as it was to mount the barricades in the memorable duys of March. Should this sectional party succeed, or parti- ally so, in Prussia, it is very probable that the govern- ment of Hanover would follow suit in protesting against the sovereignty of the central power in Frank- fort, as the King has already threatened to nullify, on account of the formation of this power without the consent of his government, as the National Assembly has noteven allowed the governments a consulting voice. There are many spirits in Bavaria that are ready to follow suit, and the patriotic dream of Ger- man unity will vanish like a shadow, as these powers are the bone and sinew of the nation. These symp- toms are so much the more to be regretted at the pre- sent moment, when unity is equivalent to national existence, as,the firet family quarrel would be a signal for the nations of the Kast and the South to step in and divide the spoils, and the provinces of the Rhine to go overto France. The ciouds are rising blacker and blacker in the horizon, and the political atmos- phere bodes acoming storm: It is generally believed that the King of Prussiads now willing to yield all that | the nation demands, should it even be to abdicate, and this movement is evidently gotten up by the aria. tocracy and higher officers of the Prussian army, as the last hope of retaining their ill-gotten power. £ngiish Politics in a German Point of View. (Fromthe Allgemeine Zeitung of pnesease:) 4 The present season 1s one of the most brilliant that London has witnessed for many years. The | Parhamentary session will, in all probability, be protracted until the end of August, as much cur- Tent business yet remains to be despatched. The **massucre of the innocents,” however, as the abandonment of doomed bills is jestingly called, | has already commenced. The budget expendi- ture, which in ordinary years is generally laid be- | fore the House of Commons in March or April, is still unvoted, and only those items which are of | the most urgent and immediate importance, such as the army and_ navy estimates, have been dis- posed of. One of the chief grounds of this delay is, that the government had good reason to expect a very favorable half-yearly account of the receipts | and expenditure, and it has turned out even more favorable than could have been anticipated.— After the heavy commercial crisis with which England was and the swi sited last October and November, ollowing recoil of the glorious ly revolution of February, the most acute financiers had hardly ventured to hope for such a result, so that the most sanguine expectations were surp: ed. Although the harvest of this year is, gener- ally speaking, less prolific than on this continent, and there is accordingly every probability that large importations of corn willbe necessary, we need feel no anxiety respecting the financial | state of Engiand, as with the enexampled over- | flow of ready money, which continues to pour into the country, even a reflux of several millions in gold and silver cannot create any embarrass- ments. Asacriterion of the superfluity of money, adduce the fact that the discount brokers will not at present accept the largest sums “at call,” even without interest--a sure sign that the rage for speculation which has prevailed of late | years has given place to a more healthy tendency. “ The most competent observe and the best qualified judges of the commercial affairs of Eng- land, comeide in the opinion that the experiences of the last few years have read a lesson which 1s not likely soon to be forgotten, k:ven with the sent sfagnation of the export trade to Germany, ance, and Italy, the devele ment of the manu- facturing industry of the country is more activ and without having reason to epprehend any yi lent convulsions. Bold speculations are certainly now the exception; men are content to realize smuller profits and speculate with greater {tis certain that the Russell ministry will yet re main in office a considerable time, although Rus- sellismore desirous than ever of retiring trom Downing street, 1n consequence ot his weak state of health. There is no one, however, just at pre- sent, who would have either the desire or the power to sueceed him, and he must therefore sac: rifice himself to the service of his cou will no! on any account resume the helm of affairs, same reason—on the ground of 1l- hea she will only conseatto take office in jthe event of the welfare of the State in rively res quiring bis ass . himselt not only to his f ©The burden of public affairs,’’ recently remarked the right hon, baronet, * the burden of public aiairs killed Pitt in the very strength of his activity; the same | incubus deprived the Earl of Liverpool of his reason, and sank Canning to the tom’ age. | feel that my beaith is shattered, and that I am unable to bear the burden of official Ile for any length of time, 1 must, therefore, confine myself to a support of the government by means of my influence, so long as it pursues a path Of which | can approve. [oanact nt to retake the heia until it is proved to me t the country demands such a sacrifice from no.’ jn well-informed circles, however, a speed tion of the present cabinet is talked of, suredly not take place without Peel's ac able that Sir James t inter’ {tis more than pi han}, wnquestionably the most t and practical head in the tory administratic at the same time the stauachest trend of will enter the government before the emoin ment of another session. If this measure take place, it may be confidently estimated that Russell will be supported by a compact majority, and ov tain the support of Peel and his 120 votes on great measures, througnout the next session ot Pariiament. Amongst such measures, tint which claims precedence is » comprehensive aution, | in the flower of his | principalities, and to judge from the good under- standing which has recently prevailed between the | | Court of St. James’sand the cabinet of St, Peters- | burgh, it is difficult to assume that Czar Nicholas will disdain the friendship of I:ngland and call up | all Europe in arms against him in conjunction with that g empire. Although Russia possesses | richer pecuniary resources than any other conti- nental State, and although her Siberian mines | THE NEW YORK HERALD. new-bore In all these points of view we fully admit the fidelity of the picture 80 complacently sketched by the President. But then there is @ reverse to it.— In the first place, the advantages have been pur- | chased at a price exceeding even that which was | apprehended by the pacific economists of Cor Y lollars were expected by Mr. tive and persevering schooners ot these Thirty millions of Calhoun to be absorbed by this drain upon the trea- | sury, buteven Mr. Polk’s own figures show that fifty millionsis nearer the mark, exclusive of twetve mullions which are further to be paid down to Mex- | 1cofor this cheap stroke of herpen. The public ceedroad by | debt has been as nearly as possible and, though the acquisitions the costs of the war, are geographically great, yet it muat be remember- ed that California was only valued at fifteen mil- lions by its appraisers in the Senate. Then there comes the effect producible upon the Union by the addition of this * great empire” to territories alre: dy far beyond the wants of their inhabitants. Itia « | olear that misgivings have already occurred to the | President respecting the possible influence of this | greatconsummation upon the indivisibility of the republic ; but, such as it may be, it must now | work its way, and will not be neutralized, as Mr. Polk may assure hiraself, by any monitory moral which a President's message may convey. Next there is the operation of this military ie r. be upon the temper and spirit of the people, for | Polk has kindled a flame which will not quenched easily by declamations against a stand- ing army, or innuendoes against ambitious gene- Lastly, there is the inevitable result of the injustice which commenced the war, and the bad faith which conducted it. It is true that Galifor- nia was worth nothing to Mexico, and may be worth much to America; but if considerations ef this sort should be held to fuatily «cota transfer of property, there will soon be an end, both among nations and individuals, to the rights of all property whatever. Mr. Polk’s peroration is specious and his gains are brilliant, but the one is so hollow, and the other so ill-gotten, that we know not how to place any reliance upon the cea- clusions offered, or the prospects displayed. The Agitation in Canada, [From the Montreal Herald, Aug. 21.] We are glad to see, from the ministerial organ, that the government have under their considera- tion the means of putting a stop to any trouble which may arise to our peaceful community from the insane vioience of a few desperate men. We cannot for a moment believe that the bombastic menaces which have been lately uttered, can lead to any result. At the same time, a little present preparation may save much future difficulty. Be- sides, it is monstrous that people perfectly satisfied with their own pelitical condition—a condition whicheven the turbulent profess to admire—should be subjected even to disquiet, to serve the interest. ed views of a few individuals without character, or the smallest stake in the country. We have hitherto refrained from pressing these considera- tions on the authorities ; partly because we agree with the views expressed by the Prot, as to the propriety of allowing these noisy persons to give proof of their own sean nao and folly; but still more, because we judged it proper to show me want of confidence in those to whom the conser- vation of the peace is entrusted. ‘That any arm} | of Irish invaders from New York can ever rea Canada, except in the condition of a prey to the Boone whom they propose to rob, is what we shall not believe till we see it, We are equally | yield a continually increasing profit, the best in- Sean financiers do not believe that she would succeed, in the event of a war, in raising a loan either in Holland or in England. — Russia’s honor- able behaviour during jthe last few months has | gained the approbation of all political parties, and | there is, therefore, no room for the hypothesis | that she will suddenly strike into an offensive path | of policy, and so expose herself to the risk of Vers tilities with England. The Latest English Mew: of the Mexican lon, | (From the London Times, Aug. 1.) | The President of the United States, in layin, | the treaty of Queretaro before the Senate an | House of Representatives, accompanied this cele- | | brated document with a retrospective view of the | | origm_ and conduct of the whole Mexican war, | | and with a conjectural estimate of the advantages | | which had accrued to America from this national transaction, All our readers but those of the very | shortest memories, will be able to appreciate, al- | inoet as accurately as Mr. Polk himself, the valuc | | and correctness of the items which appear on his | gigantic balance-sheet Every step of the war, | and every negotiation for peace, have been already | chronicled m these columns, with a running com- | mentary upon those transatlantic forms of speech | and action which required interpretation into Ku- | ropean expressions; but we cannot dismiss the | subject without a passing notice of the authentic | epilogue which thus concludes the drama | Of course the warwas “reluctantly undertaken,” | and only adventured upon * for the vindication of natronal honor,’ and so forth ; but upon the parti- | cular casus belli possessed by the States, Mr. Polk | very wisely made no long tarrying, and prudently sed at once to the tndedtable bravery displayed by his fellow-citizens during the conifict, and to the terms and bearing of the treaty which has at | | length rewarded their efforts. It used to be said | that war was the only game from which both puities rose losers. Mr. Polk’s war, | | however, has been such an exception to the rule, | that, according to his own representations, both Mexico and the States have whereupon to con- | gratulate themselves—the former republic having | obtained terms so “liberal and magnagimous” t her position 18 decidedly improved by the bar- | | gain, and the latter having stepped into such a lorious inheritance that it is scarcely possible to | | depicture her future destinies in too favorable a | | light. What is more, all other nations are gain- | ers likewise, and ‘the general interests of man- | kind” are so beneficially influenced by the trans- | | fer of California that the debtors to “Mr. Polk's admunistration will include almost the entire hu- | man race, We shall not be suspected of any blind partiality for the President’s policy, but we | are prepared to admit that, if the motives and | means of the transaction be momentarily put out | of sight, and this description of its purport be | translated into the ordinary terms of moderation employed on this side the Atlantic, there 18 really a great deal of truth in the allegations and some foundation for the vaunts. | In the first place, it is perfectly true, as Mr. | Polk asserts, that the ceded territories were ut- terly useless to Mexico. They had remained un- occupied, uncolonized, and even unexplored, nor was there any prospect whatever, from the condi- | tion of the Mexican population, that they would ever be turned to better account Nothing, in ‘tact, but the most exalted interpretation of the of national property could have secured ico in her title to this immense wilder- | ness of territory, which few of her citizens had er seen, and which not one dared to tra- To them the interior of Upper California was an object of about as much importance, and | of far less interest, than is the interior of the un- | discovered Australian continent to the British set- tlers in New Zealand. Ifthese vast tracts e | ever to be made tributary to the common wants of civilization, it was clearly indispensable that they should pass into other hands than those in which they had so long laid useless and neglected Even as it is, the boundary line between the American and Mexican possessions will be almost ineecessibly distant from the central power of the latyer country, and, indeed, the whole population ackpowledging that government which is en- throned the Halls ct Monte easily located in the thre uous to the cepit ay mouths witha four times limits of this | dians, | before size of late Furopean § cessior pe those miner ch the former own mpetent to a i be of greaty +, and eapeci capital and labo: of the States a et of Washington should cho ny abandoned protectorate of Oceania do so with great plansibslit: d if a line ofsteam- ers should be established, tue comm tween Saa Franctaco and Canton will be about the time now ordinarily occupied by the aniling packets between New York and Liverpool. Pethapa, even Japan may be introduced isto the commercial community of aations, by the inquiat- confident of the ability of our citizens to main- tain their internal good order, whenever it shall be assailed. Under these circumstances, we rel with perfect security on the dispositions, whiel government shall deem it proper to make. Vhenever those at the head of aftairs shall think it neceseary to add any portion of the militia to the regular military force of the country, or to call for volunteers, we are perfectly well assured that their call will be promptly responded to. We are nct yet quite so weak orso foolish that Mr. Connor can become our Cortez, or Messrs. Mooney and Devlin our Hengist and Horsa. Ie 1s far more easy to possess the terocity of Attila aad city of Alaric, than to the im- nd force by which ferocity and rapacity can alone be satisfied. [From the Montreal Pilot.) We have hitherto looked with ridicule and in- diflerence upon the attempts ly made by some individuals to excite in this city feelings hostile to the peace, order, and obedience to the law, which have distinguished the province in the present’ crisis of Kuropean revolt and agitation. It would have been too much to expect that this country, should escape altogether trom some exhibitions of a like turbulent character, however little pretence may exist for agitation ot any kind. The absence of all open attempt to excite a portion of the peo- ple to disorder, could scarce! ly have been so satis- factory as the failures that have attended the mis- erable eflorts which have been, made in that direction. We have concurred in the general opinion that it was better, on the whole, to permit the foolish exhibitions that have taken place, and toallow parties who have rendered themselves obnoxiousto punishment to remain unmolested, than to give a consequence to what was really not important, by dignitying such men as O'Connor, thi | Peacock, and Devlin with the honors of a prison, or the éc/ate ot a State prossecution We have understood, however, that a certain degree of alarm is felt on the part of peaceable and loyal citizens, because of the insane threats of im- dividuals here, and the absurd lies uttered*on the other side of the boundary. That the Irish erai- | grants inhabiting the neighboring republic and this province should look with painful interest on the disordered state of Ireland, ir aot surprising; that this interest should in the United States be acral excited in the direction of hostility to England, might perhaps have been expected; but that any one should be hardy enough to endeavor to excite alike feeling in Canada, where Inshmen enjoy freedom, respect, and influence, superior to any possessed by them in the neighboring republic, or indeed in any other country, shows a degree of unreatoning folly and wickedness, which cannot be too much held up to the condemnation of the people of Canada, and particularly of those of that people who are of Irish origin ‘The plunder and murder of the loyal and peace- able inhabitants of this province, are objects held out by Mr. O'Connor and his associates in the United States. With gangs of poor and ignorant men, the riches which they might have for the taking in Canada, form an exciting topic. Ha- rangues such we have seen in American neww- papers, are ready means of procuring money con- unbutions, to be reimbursed by the confiscation of Canadian property. A very little of the money 6e procured would serve to bribe Mr. Devlin and his friends to make inflammatory speeches, and to mislead men into pumshment and ruin, But, after all, the movement is contemptible. It-needs but a remote apprehension of real danger, to bring down deserved penalty upon those who desire to distur the public peace. In a cause like this, we are of no party, ‘The government is of no party, and we know of no party in Canada. In this cause, ail true men unite in one determination, to crush um the bud all efforts to. produce insubordination or disorder. The knowledge of this tact has enabled the government to look calmly but watchtully om the movements of Mr. Devlin and his associates. Justice to feelings of the loyal citizens, should the attempts of foolish men be persevered in, will not allow this quiescent course of the government to continue tong This is a country in which too many are inte- ested in the pre vation of peace and property to permit of any really popular movement whic would place them in jeopardy. Itis provoking to have to think seriously on such a subject, im the midst of a people so circumstanced. It would be still more irritating were the government and | people of Canada obliged seriously to think of it. We have observed witn surprise the conduct of some of our fellow-citizens, from whom we ex- pected betterthinge,and whom we would have been the first to defend against the imputation of mo- tives such as they have openly avowed; but still, we feel confident that, for the sake of some fool- i y bave made themselves, appear really are, inthe hope ot guulty t they a A ving mere important, We cannot ve that they intend as bedly ag they pro- t they are {| prepared to commit am rpetration ot which they would , and in the punishment attend- ey could meet no commiseration ce imputed to them ts conspirac y their sovereign, and against their fellow with whom to-day they are living ta ey have no distress to drive them to —no real or imaginary wrong to ex- peace. T desperation ality; and hence, if they should um- hapoily become guilty, and provoke punishment, it will not be the mere oy saaieten upon an ope: , but the fate which awaits on wal and unprovoksd crime, deserved, unpitied, and unrespected ' mitttary Slovementa, Mar Cross, U.S. 4, and B. W. Whipple, U- 3. Tonographical Fingsncer, have artived at How: ard’s Hotel, from Mexico