The New York Herald Newspaper, August 23, 1848, Page 1

NO. 5194. MORNING EDITION----NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, OUR SPECIAL DESPATCHES FROM THE EUROPEAN CONTINENT. Panis, August 3, 1843. The Latest News. The municipal elections in France are just | closing, and they have excited a good deal of in- terest, as they are very important, and it is the first experiment of the kind which ever took place in France. It has been destructive to the insurgents, and the party of insurgents; and probably the im. | pressions of recent offences in Paris have driven the votersito select almost the most rigid men, in many instances, against free institutions. The Girondist journals declare that those elect, ed are monarchists ; but I suppose the truth is, that they are substantial men, who were monarchists beivra the revolution, but who have fallen in with the new order of things. When radicalism dege- nerates into anarchy and insurrection, it’will drive men into the ranks of their opponents. The press is generally very much dissatisfied with the vote of the Assembly, which sull main- tains the injunction upon the eleven suppressed journals,and do not seem willing to have the removal of the injunction postponed till the new law shall have been enacted. ‘They regard the responsibili- ty as now changed from Gen. Cavaignac to the As- sembly, and a body ot the printers have waited upon the members who espoused their cause in the. Assembly, to thank them. Galignani’s journal of to-day, in noticing the translation of your artucle, into French, in the Constitutional, says the mven- tion of your machine 1s of French origin, and has been adopted by you. I give you this information that you may is him and his readers nght upon the subject. I believe the English are more jea- euy of Americans than of the French, if pos- sible. After the English have spent some $5,000,000 in fitting our their armament of 70,000 men for Ire- id, they say that a constable and.50 men fired upon and whipped the whole Irish force, an army of 4,000 or 5,000. If this is so, they got horribly frightened for nothing, and have spent a good deal of money that they need. The truth 1s, that little 1s eenerelly, known of the actual transactions, be- cause the English press are all concerned to re- ea the same story to keep down the rebellion at ome ; but yet there is little doubt that there has been an utter failure to accomplish any grand pur- se, or to make any firm resistance to their Eng- lish oppressor; and there never will be, till the Insh adopt a system of action commensurate with the work they have to accomplish. With the ex- ception of one or two small matters, there have been no disturbances in France during the muni- cipal elections; and there has generally been a pretty full vote. Provisions are plenty and cheap, comparatively—dear, compared with our country —and the new crop is bounteous Nothing is heard now of the defect or disease in potatoes, it appears, in Ireland. All the foreign news will be found in my former letters, giving facts as they exist down to the latest moment of news in Paris. OnsEavER. Panis, August 3, 1848. The New Movement in Hungary—Proclamation of the King of Prussia--Its Effects. ‘There is no longer any doubt that Hungary may join in fully to the support of Austria in the ftalian war, and that 40,000 to 50,000 troops are now on their march to strengthen Radetzky. What con- siderations have changed the purposes of Ilungary do not fully appear; but itis said that Austria stimulated the Sclave to fight the Jiungarians, and that Hungary, to buy her peace against imsurrec- tion, has consented to forward her troops to Italy. ‘When the Russians were concentrating their forces upon the Pruth, the Hungarian minister, M. de Kossuth, called upon the country for troops, and an army of 200,000 men was granted by a spontaneous movement ot the people and the autho ities. But Hungary is situated between the influences of Russia and Vienna, and with the Croatians and Servians pressing them, under the countenance of both Russia and Vienna, probably the Hungarians ‘tound their situation very critical, and upon an agreement to disarm the insurrection, Hungary has quite probably agreed to assist Vienna in Italy. Hungary is tending to liberal principles, and has been in favor ot the independence of Italy; and this new movement has created a great deal of surprise and sorrow among the i::uropean republi- cans, because it adds greatly to the Tealian strug: gle, and renders almost certain her subjugation or ihe interference of forergn powers, The ling of Prussia has published the following proclamation tothe army and the people:— “The actual direction of tue affairs of Germany bave been confided to a man of the empire, tofortity the unity cf the common country. I have onounced in fayor of His Highness, the Arch- Duke Tim. not ‘only because this prince was my personal friend. but because be had acquired a name glorious in war and in peace. [russia knows that the peace of Germany is its cwn peace; Prussia knows how much influence Germany has in the proved valor of the Prussian troops. It knows that the destinies of Ger- many depend principally upon its faithfal sword. In consequence, it will pledge its power to protect effica- ciously and energetically, with all of its brothers in Germany, the liberty and independence of the Ger- msn netion ‘for the purposes common to Germany. Soldiers, whenever the Prussian troops will come ‘act for the German cnuse, and submit. according to my order, to His Royal Highness, the Arch-Duke John, you will preserve intact the glory of Prussian valor and discipline. FREDERIC WILLIAM.” As the Prussian king is stillon his throne. Ithink this proclamation settles the quesiion of power. It now appears now improbable to me, that the king entered into the armistice with Den- mark, with the understanding that his general should refuse to sign it, aud that the whole matter should be referred to the German empire, and that that power should reject the terms of the arm- istice, and assume the war, and probably protect the king against his own subjects, and secure to him his throne. Jt is incredicle that the king would acquiesce in the disobedience of orders, and defiance of his general, much less join him in the position he has taken, unless there had been an understanding. Besides, why did the king enter anto an armistice, it he had no power to render it binding, or to compel his generals to obey his order? It is all a game, as is the whole diplomacy of Europe, in which falsehood and treachery are among the prominent characteristics. OnsERVER Panis, Aug. 2, 1848. Great Financial Debate--Capitalists desire to es- cape Taxation—Sprech of the Minister. Yesterday, an important debate was fully open- -ed upon a measure most vital for France—to wit, its revenues, and the sources thereof; and the Minister performed his duty ably, in maintaining the project of the government; it was the same project which Thiers referred to and denounced in his report upon the p:oposition of M. Proudhon, and which drew down upon him the response of General Cavaignne. Among other resonrees for Tevenue, the government proposes to tax money, due on mortgages, which here draws an interest of five per cent, and which, in the French techni- calities, is called * préts hupothécaires.” The com- mittee to Whom this proposition was submitted, has reported sixtecn to fourteen against the measure; and the wealth of both France and England (the latter having loans in France won mortgages) ave arrested this measure, and brovght all their power to bear upon the government and Assem- by m opposing it. Land 1s taxed, and yet, in rents or cultuie, it will not average more than three per cent. It is opposed upon the ground that it 1s an attack upon property—that it oppresses ecapital—that in opp.cssing capital, it injures pro- perty—and that in the oppression of capital and property, the resources of labor and consumption are diminished, nad the eer suffer, This is the argument. ‘lo this the Minister of linance re. ed— “that the law proposed had been vio- jently assailed; and for that reason, he should the more firm)y detend it; and that he would make known fully to the Assembly his present and tu- ture intentions, This law diflers essentially r ny former one propmsed,” seid the Mi- nister, “and we have been told that the republic would kill property, or property, the sepublic proposition of M. Proudhon); but that he wished to establish the republie upon a for property ; that it live simply, and that at not resemble the monarchy ; thut he would néver attach 9 arsed importance to forms, and ‘had not learned all his lessons of finance since the of February ; that the present disarrangement the necessury result of th hanges ii gegen od the donduion ih ree the ret t r found renstry ; that the b 1649 rane toecl all the ‘capita! which had es- ax! eaped tw, to this time; that he had the unhappiness to inform the Assembly that he should maintain the old and the new imposts in 1849, with the expectation of dating them thereafter; that he had proposed to assess one per cent upon the 5 per cent incomé, and that, after 1849, he | expected to derive 50,000,000f. from one-half of the wealth of France, which, at that moment, did not pay one CaN bry: movement and approba- tion from the left) ; that he intended to bring for- ward some measures of imposts upon salt and fish, and some upon labor, and which the agita- tion had hitherto prevented; that he would not have obtained a loan, nor appealed to credil, if he had not thought that the impost would be voted, and that the Assembly would accord all which the situation of the country demanded ; that far from thinking of modifyimg their imposts, they had an existing deficiency to supply, and that it was ne- cessary fo supply, or to foresee ; and that they had nothing to expect, in this respect, from the ordi- nary sources of revenue. A defictt has been spoken of ; but with the loans received and con- tracted for, there would be no deficit, only upon the day when you, the Assembly, make it; that by adopting the measures proposed, and to be pro- posed, there would be nolonger any financial diffi- culty in France, and that, after 1849, they could be modified, and some withdrawn.” This is bold language, and to the point. Many say Gen. C. is Minister ef Finance, in fact ; butif he is at the head, he has a good minister and a bold one. Onserver. Panis, August 2, 1848. Interpolations upon the Press—The Debate. Yesterday there was a grand debate upon the suppression of the press by the government, and the imprisonment of Emile de Girardin, growing out of interpolations addressed by M. Latouche to the government. This gentleman maintained that the government had exceeded its power, and that the only authority which a state of siege gave a commanding general, was to transfer to him all the powers which the civil authorities possessed— that it did not create a dictator; and he declared that the legal bureau of Paris had given an opinion to this effect upon the demand of Emile de Girardin. He, therefore, denied the right of the government to suppress the journals, and to imprison the editors. This view was sustained by MM. Volette, Verin, Dupont de Bassac, Germain Samot, and Victor Hugor, the latter distinguishing between the powers of Gen. Cavaignac ‘between his four days of dictatorship, and his powers as President of the Council since that time. To these gentlemen, M. Marie, the Minister of Justice, replied that he had a great respect for the bureau; but that they had but poorly understood the question—that he had no doubt about the powers or the duties of Gen. C., under the authority with which the Assembly clothed him, and the exigency of the case then before him—that on the 25th of June Gen. C. suppressed the eleven presses, and im- prisoned Emile de Girardin, and four days after that he resigned his dictatorial powers to the As- sembly, who, with a full knowledge of what he had done, voted unanimously to approve his acts, and that he merited well of the country; that the go- vernment would act upon the ancient laws until the nine provisions were adopted ; and that no powers had been abused which had been confided to the government, Victor Hugo Rencoleay in- terrogated the President, and told him that the liberiy of the |e existed before him, and that it would exist after him. _ Gen. ©. responded, ‘that much had been said in the discussion of dictation, and dictator; and that much had been said, of a like character, some weeks past, under circumstances to which it was not necessary for him to refer. They had address- ed him without, and upon the threshold of this Assembly; and the honorable members to whom I refer know how 1 received their questions and their interpolations—1 do not wish to say, their counsels and their insinuations. (Trés bien.) The Assembly knows, too, if there hus been dictation; with what haste, too, I resigned it. I will not enter into the details of the question before the Assembly, nor defend myself from the charge of having ebused the powers confided to me. Iwill be accused or defended by a vote of the Assem- bly.” Upon a motion being made by a member to pass a resolution expressly to that effect, the Gene- ral opposed it, and said that the usual proceeding to the order of the day was all he desired. This vote was adopted Hy a “Abed majority. I suppose that the General referred to some of the members who advised him to assume the powers of dictator, which he is known to have some and who now complain of the manner in which he has controlled the press. What knaves some politicians can be! and how distressing!y disagreeable 1t 1s to behold, when they cannot create a new insurrection. Gen. C. will not be dictator—he will not succumb to fear—he will preserve order. It is distressing. Onsrrver. Paris, August 1, 1848. The English Press, and General Cavargnac—New Events tn Prussia—New Combinations Pro bable. The English press have announced that Gene- tal Cavaignac was becoming so unpopular that Ke could not long continue at the head of affairs; and this it has done in the same breath that it accords him great praise. it says of him, that lke Napoleon, he studies and decides in his closet; but not like Napoleon,he does not go to war without a cause. But it says, no man can long maintain himself at the head of affairs in France who will not, like Thiers, play into the hands of the republicans and the family of Orleans, at the same time; but says that General Cavaignac is too honest to do this. One hardly knows whether it was folly, prejudice, or malice, that dictated such nonsense and facts commingled together.-- That General Cavaignac is an honest and brave man there is no doubt, and that the English fear him, and would like to be rid of him as the head of the French government, there is as little doubt; that while they praise him they would like to prejudice the French against him, 1s equally probable; because, so long as he 1s at the head of the republi hopes of creating confu- ic, there are no sion in the affairs of France, at home or abroad; that there 1s a party furious for war, a foreign war, in France, is true; and that they will be dis- satisfied if they cannot make France adopt their immediate views, is probable; buc so far from there being any decrease in the popularity of Gene- ral Cavaignacs as the English allege: he and his government are gaining a hold upon lrance such ag no man or government has held since the days of Napoleon; and he has so much weight of cha- racter, bravery, personal and moral, so much good sense, and is so able in and out of the Assembly, that he has a better prospect for permanancy than any other man; but the Engligh say he will not intrigue, and;does not forestall events, and that is one secret of streng'h. The public rally around him; what he says they believe; and as they knew him to be honest, brave, and capable, there is no need of any intrigue to sustaum himself; he 1s much stronger without it. He demolishes Proudhen and Thiers, at the same blow; and does it only in the discharge of a duty and selt-detence; and as the National said ot the event, shows how straightforward integrity and dignity can overcome the most supple cunning and clever talent. IL would not say that I think the position of General Ca- Vaignac may not be overthrown in the whirlpool of events and elections; but at present there is no ground to apprehend it, nor any thing in the pros- pect which indicates it, The King ot Prussia is still represented as insist- | sng tyoe the right of the Gerinan Empire to govern, t . and the constituency of Prussian are now represente as the active agents opposed to it. There is said, alse, to be some petitions before the Assembly, at Rerhin, upon the subject, praying that the question may be given to the people to vote upon. That there is a strong red vaio in the army appears to be pretty clearly indicated, and that 1t may yet be- come « question fall of danger to Prussia is not impossible. But Prussia must yield, or the Ger- man Empire will be overthrown. War Se _ spring up between the two powers. Some of the Vrussien aristocracy call for the abdication of the Prussian king, on account of his position upon this question. Prussia declared war with Den- mark; now she wants peace, but the emperor wall not permitit. Prossia and Denmark may yet ally, and fight the empire upon two questions at the | ene question. same time; or the e1 i ttl their differences ‘und ally and ir benaarten the It 18 re and I think with truth, that England hi Juence in the eclec- tion of the second son of Charles Albert for k of Sicily, If so, she rate with Frater on the Italian question, . Wel M. Bastide af- firm thatthe time has not arnyed for choose her allies. never Was con fion when alliances for the fy were 60 unoer- tain. A ehiaht change of events will prodace en- tirely new combinations, Onsen vee. Paris, July 24, 1848. Court Etiquette in Paris—Washington at Versailles. Thave informed you of the receptions which Gen, Cavaignac has given; I should have mentioned that he was received in a citizen’s dress, of black, and, that this style of receiving the officers, civil and military, of France, has created quite a sensation. Louis Philippe always received in epauletts, and with a sword; but the court style of President Cavaignac has been adjudged singularly appro- priate for the republic, and very marked in a gal- lant officerof the line. The French are much in- fluenced by such incidents, and they regard it as decorating their republic with a civil, rather than a military wreath. Washington’s example, in this respect, has not been lost upon Gen. ©) I trust that Gen. C. is endeavoring +o imitate the exhnele of Washington, in the firet days of our republic; and if he can but succeed, he will fill the world with his glory. Washington lives in jurope as yitally as in our own country, and gland claims a share in his glory, because he was of English descent. In the picture gallery at Versailles, I found full length portraits of Wash- ington, and in less dimensions, those of Hamilton, Jefferson, Franklin, Marshall, Jay, and Adams ; but what a hmited numbef, compared with the great men who have adorned our country, and with those of France, England, Germany, Spain, Italy, and, indeed, nearly every nation im Europe ! Our country does not appreciate the importance of a ‘national picture gullery filled with the por- traits of our great men, an historic with the great events, of which our country has been the theatre. Let the men and the scenes of our revolution, of our second war with England, of the early settle- ment of our country, and their manners, dress, habits, &c., &c.; of our great works, our ships, our arts, and our industry.—ah! let our coun- try speak out in a national picture gallery, and it will do for America what painting and ‘statuary have done for France. This representation is as important for the reputation of the country, as the great men and deeds themselves; it gives us cha- racter at home and abroad, but more particularly abroad. We excel all Europe, and all the rota: in the useful, the practical, and the grand. Let us put these things and our history in painting and statuary, and we shall give a ‘character to our country abroad, equal to its grandeur and its glory. Without this aid of art we cannot do it. Go into the immense rooms in the gallery at Versailles, and their high walls are entirely filled with the historic deeds of the empire only. Noone can stand there, and not feel the greatness, the glory, the immortality of France. You can there see what youve only before heard of, and remember indistinctly. The enure history of France may be thus seen in other immense galleries; her men and her deeds of glory are before you; and your eyes, even when shut, do not exclude the image. All her kings are there ; their births, marriages, families, and important eras an: events in their lives;—there, too, are their deaths ;—the country, the great events, are before youreyes. England, too, is there; all her great men are speaking to you ; thein you see also. But, except Washington, America 1s there only in miniature. The stranger stands surrounded by the nations of the earth—all before him, America excepted. She has not put it in the power of other nations to see our great men, our deeds, and our country; and we are therefore forgotten, or, if searched for, our country is not there. Could the hundreds of thousands who visit these galleries yearly, sec our great men, they would know that we had such, and that our people were not black. France, even in the m:dst of her civil wars, and with a destitute treasury, votes a statue, in some form, to every great man who falls --all are immortalized in statuary and painting, and the country is thereby honored. Onsenver. Panis, July 31, 1848. Your Editorial translated into French—State of the Useful Arts in France—New Project for a Consit- tution. The Constitutionac of to-day contains a transla- tion of your article of the Ith, giving a descrip- tion of your new press and its operation, and pre- cedesit by a compliment to your intelligence and en- terprise, endsing with the remark that ‘the French mechanicians are behind the English, ana very far behind the Americans, whom they would do well to attempt to imitate.” Any pereon acquainted with the condition of the mechanic arts in Ame- tica, needs only the use of his eyes to see the truth of this remark, upon his first arrival in France, I have visited a specimen of nearly all of the dif- ferent manufactories and machine shopsin France, and, in many respects, they compare well with our own, so far as I am a judge; but, upon thir point, I have not the experience which would enable me to pronounce positively. But in all the implements of husbandry, and of the general purposes of laber and fabricature, I am much better qualified to judge and to perceive the immense difference which ex- ists between the two countries. A half a century will not give France—Paris, even—the tools, ini- plements, and the useful and practical Instruments to forward labor, and to enable men to accomplish it, which we possess. I wish a specimen of their scythes, ploughs, hoes, axes, rakes, forks, yokes for oxen, and harness for horses—their trowels, spades, shovels, crowbars—their carnages, for both business and pleasure, &c., &c., could be seen in the United States; the northern part of it 1 Cesta ae there is an immeasurable difference betweent r harness in Paris is more nearly equal to that in the United States than any thing else which [have named ; but I not seen a chatse in Paris which any gentleman would ride in, 1m any city upon the Atlantic, they are so heavy and £0 clumsily built, and so badly constructed ; their carriages for two horses, are better ; but they are yet far inferior. TI examined those particularly be- longing to the Duchess d’Orleans, because they were regarded as the best specimens ; they were rich, but heavy, unnecessarily so, and not in good style. That an’ American should dare to say that the carriages of the Duchess were not in good style, 1s very daring, | am aware; but I do not think Ihave ‘seen a truly well made, elegant car- tiage, in Paris. I have seen those that were very rich, and many of them carry the occupant very easy, but they do not exhibit a high state of the art of mechanisin ; but this far exceeds the condition of the genera! implements of industry and labor. One man, with anAmerican scythe, can accomplish the work of two men with the French seythes ; and so of their ploughs, &e., &c. Upon the condi- tion of such implements of husbandry and utility, will depend the power of a nation to increase in wealth and the comforts of life. Ina country or State where oxen are yoked and used by laying a straight or crooked pole across their necks, and tying it to their horns, there cannot be a rapid ad- vance in national or State wealth, because the peo- ple do not know how to accomplish it; their ploughs, carte, implements, and instruments, wil! be ina like condition, when it wi!l require two or three men to perform the labor of one having proper tools. A new project of a constitution, providing for two Chambers, has been laid before the committee, both to be elected by universal suffrage ; the upper one to be chosen for six years, halt to go out every three years, and to be eligible at 35; the lower to be chosen every three years in full—each branch to have a negative ; but in case of disagreement, after three months, to unite in convention and yote “oon the measure ; the oldest of the two presiding officers to be president upon the occasion; to act in convention, upon the questions of peace or wart In treaties. Members of the lower house to be eli- ible at 25. There are some other provisions of etal. This proposition will be pressed with great vigor before the Assembly, during the dis- cussion, Onserver. Panis, July 18, 1848. A Glance at Euvope—A Collision between the Ger+ man Empire and Hanover. In a former letter I have given you the substance, and, I believe, the translation of the dispatch of the king of Hanover to the National Assembly at Frankfort ; in response, I will now give you the action of that Assembly, which 18 as follows:— “The Assembly decrees, that the provisional central power will demand of the Minister of State of the kingdom of Hanover the absolute recog- nizance of this power, and of the laws enacted by it” Short and sweet! Tho issue is already raised :—Is the Assembiy supreme ?—is tho eupromo power of the Ger- man States swallowed up! I do not ese that tho jection of the Arch duke is confirmed nd A doubt— that iv, bis intention to his hwoloesacy unto the himperor. toa bim at ones. ‘empire and one of the 8 ates are In extreme col- Heiow upon 6 question which tnvoiven the oxistence cf the F oy end the nationa: t remains to be reen rk id or las not pushed forward the King of Hanover to New latte Roweia, he North and South in this respect.) Their | take this stand, for both are unquestionably un- friendly to the Empire. | kaow not why England should be s0, unless she thinks it is the work of the ‘ople, will be too liberal, and an ally with France. Prines Metternich has, perhaps, been ¢ in his old habits of intrigue ; and as he and Guizot are rivals for popularity in England, his sentiments would be received with great favor at London, upon this new period In European diplomacy. Austria and Prussia are strongly in favor of the German Empire ; although the King of Prussia is, undoubtedly, in the hands of the Emperor of Russi nd relies upon him to restore to him the powers which his people wrested from He is not lees tieacherous and faithioss than Ferdinand of Naples, and is an instrument to be used | Engiand or Russia, when the hour shall have ar- H rived, But, notwithstanding all these plots and coun- | terplots, the people in Europe are gaining ground; and they are daily becoming better informed as to thoir rights,and the manner of securing thom, though it will take much more time to instruct thom in this last particular than might be supposed by those who have always been accustomed to self-government, and insti- | tutions and society bared upon that principle. The change of a government from a monarchy iato a re- public breaks up society, and it must ull be recom- posed, and have time to grow again into consistency and adhesion. It throws tothe bottom those who have been at the top; breaks up all establishments, public | and private ; introduces new convictions, new ideas, | new manners, new people, new regulations, new in: terests, new rivalries, new rulera; and such a now order of things, as being nothing of the old, but a remnant here, and @ patch there. It, of course, intro: due: reat deal of distress, suffering, and anguish saiokedbeaealic heraheentooring td the higher cir clee of society, and a terrible struggle in the formation of the new order ; and there is no country in the world in which this would be so much felt a3 in Eng- land, among the aristocracy, ehould a thorough revo- | lution take place in that country, followed, as it pro- | bably would be, by tho repudiation of the whole public debt, upon the interest of which the rich livg, and the | confiscation of all those private estates which had been derived from the national treasury, if it did not extend to the entire nobility There is no further important news from Italy. The news indicates large prepara- tions for attacking Verona, and increasing reinfor ments for the Austrians. OBSERVER, Panis, July 18, 1848. The French Constitution M. Cormenin was the president of the commis- sion who drew up the constitution, to the maia features of which he now adheres with great tena- city. The committees are drawing to a close their debates upon it, and are beginning to choose the reporters to make the reportsof the amend- ments, which the eighteen diflerent bureaux will propose. After those reports shall have been named, the original committee will sit and act upon these proposed amendments, and then make a final report to the Assembly. This will cause the great and thrilling debate before the public, and the great contert for one or for twochambers—for one or for three executive chiefs—for the olection of these chiefs by the people or by the Assembly—and upon the relative powers of the President and the Assembly. There are among the leading points that will occupy their attention, and that of Paris ‘Tho trial by jur: will be discussed. Some of the bureaus have struc out the four provisions engrafted for trial by jury in civil suits, Where an American, acquainted with the operations of our institutions, foresceing the necessity of certain organio Jaws, looks on, and sees a people thus struggle among themselves, and contending | about the very elementary principies of a free consti- tution, it makes him fee! as though he would like to speak out, and give them a helping hand. But they must learn for themselves, and in their own way. They are studying our organic laws, State and na- tional, for the first time, in good faith and with great zeal, to understand them; and the leading members come forward, and acknowledge their wisdom and the greatness of cur nation and our national glory, At this moment, Washington, Franklin, Jefferson, and | the mighty dead of America, are speaking out in the | languege of wisdom from their graves to the French people, and, through them, to Europe. And the exumple and the glory of their descendants are | invoked as examples for imitation by the powers of Europe, Still the ides that we derived our institu. tions from the English, and that there is a spice of aristuoraoy about them, is hard to be cradicated from the French mind. Their hatred of the English and their institutions is only exceeded by their regard for us; and bad not E:nglanda House of Lords, | lave no doubt that the French would readily adopt the idea of two chambers; but ia Lurope, they see in the second chamber only the aristocracy of the nation, full of pride and privilege. and they associate these ideas with an upper house, But the argument of e: ample, drawn from our country, is possessing them | with great power, and many are yielding to it. The | majority ie still against two chambers, and fo: one ex- ecutive chief, to be chosen by the people. I think t idea ot choosing a President by the Assembly, for a given period, and framing a constitution to him, bas struck the French mind, which can do almost any thing in this kind of way, as 4 little extraordinary, ‘The commistion of examination has not yet reported. Some importaht arrests have been made in the last few days; and among others a desperate female, who fought like a tigress. and appears to have commanded atone barricade. One Russian agent, of good stand- ing, has been arrested, and is fully identified as figh ing among the insurgents. A system fer free schools bas been prepared and will be carried into effect. Great attention and improvements in this respect will take place in France. The Assembly are ardently engaged in preparing some system for the improve- ment of the condition ef the poor people and masses in France. The prospect is now good for the republic, OBSERVER. Pants, July 18, 1848, The Condition of Paris and France. The geamer Hermann sails the 20th, and all let- ters must be deposited to-day for this boat. As Tinformed you, you might expect, quiet has ex- isted in Paris and France, and there is no chance for any more émutes of any consequence for the present; and before such an eflost can be made, of much gravity, there must be a great change in pub- lic sentiment, and an entire new organization of ferce. All the arms and ammunition of the in- surgents have beon seized. In Paris, Lyons, Rouen, ‘Toulon, and all the other large places, the disarmament has been complete, and those means to renew the com- bat have been destroyed. To be sure the population overturned the monarchy without arms. but it was be- cause the public mind was ripe for it. The Guards were disaffected towards the monarchy, and the King agitated, cowardly, and incompetent to adopt any re- solute and decided course. The Republic cannot be sentiment, m or domestic, armed or unarmed. , at thie moment, the strongest nation in The young Republic is already a giant in h, while it yet remains only in a Provisional Monitor reports the number, go far as as certained to have been killed, to hav hundred, and the wounded at the hos; cleven hundred; while the Presidont stated to the As- sembly a few ago, that the number at the hospi- tals was then The truth is, the public will never know how many were killed and wounded. All parties will coneeal to the extent of their power, but [ am inclined to think that the nuunbers first reported were exaggerated, and that possibly the whole number may fall within fen thousand. ‘The Monilor reports the prisoners at betweon § and 0000 men, and rome women ; others in official stations, have stated the number to be 14 to 16,000, which latter may be oxag- gerated. a The Assembly have voted 60,000 francs to erect a monument to the Archbishop, to be placed by the Notre Dame. There was much discussion in reference to Its location. Many desized it to be placed on the spot where ho fell—others said they did not wish any- thing to perpetuate tho memory of such sad ovents. Victor Hugo, the chairiuon ofthe committee charged with thearrangenient and resuscitation of the theatres, and the divsion of the public money given to them, has appropriated two-thirds to the entpioyed, aud one-third to the directors. oxempting the same from arrest for debts, and has informed tho Aseembly that 10,000 families are deponiiont upon the o; ons of the theatres in Paris for thr istence, and t the people are so dependent upon the: they stop im the midst. of @ complete insurrection, and lay gside their arms, for the moment. to «(ond a good pl¥y. The Ascembly laughed at this plotire of the character of themselves, from one of their hest painters, but nodded assent and approbation of the sentiment, and voted unanimously the 700,000 francs, The arrangement of Victor Hugo, who is an artist and scholar, and a humorist, is exeveding!y popular. ‘The Committee on Foreign Relations are still exgeged in hearing the ora- tors. Napoleon Bonaparte and others yesterday replied to Lamartine; but | shall not be able to forward their sentiments until the next boat, which I believe will be tem days after the Hermann, The minister of Foreign Affairs was interrogated in referonce to the action of Russia, in Moldavis, and although, he said, that all the informotion was not definite, France was giving close attention to their proceedings OBSERVER Paris, July 17, 1918, Speeches of Lamartine and Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon Bonaparte has attacked the policy of Lamartine before the Committee, and declared that a badly cupducted policy, with some renown, is better for France than a mere uegative posi- tion. Tamartine has replied in defence of his policy, which he says has given peace to Europe and confidence in France ; that had France pur- sued an aggressiye policy—had she entered at once into the Itailam war, without roferenoe to the mipistey, it woud have brought upon her the hostility of all Germany—ealllod. Avsteia and Prussia round the thrones, ond prevented tho revolutions in those States, and the ennihlation of tho powers of their eovercigas |; that had thoy revolutionteed Boiginm, | overthrown in the present state of publi by powers forei France ‘ | crowned heads that ever satupon « Huropean throne, | Frenchman—and that, in early life, when he first | stifle his prejudices against Napoleon, or he can have | nose, no whiskers, well dressed. | coarse red face, like a man given to drink; high ch 1848. — there would have two parties arisen, one for annexing it to France—the other for maintaining its indepen- deace ; that had France opposed the annexation, her position in Belgium and at home would havo been worse than itis; and had she annexed it, it would bave brought on & war with England and Holland, | and if with them, with Russia and Prassia, and pro. bably Europe entire. As to Napoleon's policy, L martine eald: “ho advagcod all but two things, and | these were—his internal and his external policy; the | former. he said, was anti-democratic, contrary to liber- ty, to the revolution, and to the age; the latter, he | said, consisted only in the cannon—tore to pieces the chart of the world, without even seeking to re- comporo it— with» blow of thesword,he mutilated all the nationalitios and all the national alliances without | ever thinking of the next day, andin the day of liqui- | dation. inevitable, for so much of blood glory, | what is left for France? Nothing but his no This | is Intererting, 4s evincing the views of the leaders of | the French republic in 1848. Without analyzing the | truth and fiction, the fact and the poetry of this de- | claration, on looking at the different circumstances in which Napoleon, France and Europe were then placed and the different polioy required both at home and abroad, the developement shows how strongly are I martine’s prejudices against the only man that France | remembers with adoration, and who did more for France—for liberty in France and Kurope—did more | to break up old despotic dynasties and inspire the people with a desire to be free—in a word, more for the advancement of France and Europe, in all the acts which enoble a nation and an individual, than all the and the present revolution and progress of ideas in trope. Lamartine’s own seat asa representative in ance, under a republic, was and is the fruit of | poleon’s policy, foreign and domestic. Napoleon ploughed Euroye—planted it with thy seeds of man’s freedom; andif he ploughed it with the sword, it was because no instrument less pointed would penetrate the mere surface that had been prepared for git through ages of despotism, Lamartine has done much good in appeusing the troubled waters, and [ think his foreign but policy at thismoment has been well vonduoted ; his peejudice against the Bonaparte family is ox sive—Dlinds bis judgment, and shows that his Eng. lish connections have not made him any better imbibed his prejudices against Napoleon, he himself was nota republican ; that he was in principle—what he wasin fact—a disciple of the royalist school, in which he served long. Lamartine is a noble man—has a noble heart—but he must forgot to derive his lose sons from the counsels of England or royalism, and no permanent standing in France. ‘The name of Na- poleon in France is too precious to be rudely dealt with by any Frenchman. All the republicans, in the old and new world, ‘@ the memory of Napoleon, and despots are his’ reyilers. Lamartine might have beon replied to, that he reviled the yery spirit which had given him political existence at that momen| and the very basis upon which the present. re stood Napoleon fought the battles of the present re. public—inspired Europe with a respect for the power of ‘rance that is not limited to one age. What would have been the present example to Europe, but for the foundation laid by Napoleon? OBSERVER, The Irish Patriots. The following is a description of the persons whose names appear in the Jiue and Cry, charged with trea- ble practices, liam Smith’ O'Bri years of age ; si en—No occupation; forty-six in height ; sandy hair ; dark eyes; callow 10 a sneering smile constant- ly on his face; full whiskers, sandy, o little gray; well set man, walks erect, dresses well. ‘Thomas Francis Meagher—No occupation; twenty- five years of age; five feet nine inches; dark, nearly Diack, hair; light blue eyes ; pale face; high cheek bones ; pectliar expression about the eyes, cocked John B. Dillon, barrister; thirty-two years of age; five fvet cleven inches in height; dark hair; dark eyes: thin sallow face; rather thin, black whiskors. dressed respectable, has bilious look. Micbae! Doheny, barrister; forty years of ago; five feet cight inches in height ; sandy hair ; grey eyes ; bones, wants seve ance, peculiar coars able, ¥ 1 of his teeth, very vulgar appe unpleasant voice, driss respect all, short red whiskers. Michael Crean, shopman at a shoe shop; thirty-five years of age; five fect eight inches; fair or sandy hair; iray eyes; fll face; light whiskera, high forehead, well | set person; dress, dark shooting frock or gray tweed, | and gray tweed troweer | Franc i Morgan, eo! three years of age ; five feet eight i ry durk hair; dark eyes; sallow, broad face; noso a little cocked; the up- per lip turns out when speaking, rather stout, smart gait, black whis Patrick James Smith, studying for the bar; tweaty- nine years of age; five feet nine inches in height; fair | hair; es; fair, delieate face, and of wenk ap- | pee, lor g back, weak in his walk, small whiskers, indiflerent Jobn Hetherington Drumm, medical student ; twen- | ty years of oge ; five fect three inches in height ; very black and curly hair ; black eyes; pale, delicate fe rather thin person; delicate appearance; no whiskers; | sma'lface and nose ; dressed respectably—Methodist. | Thomus D'Arcy McGee, connected with the Nation | newspaper ; twenty-three years of age ; five feet three inches in height; black hair; dark face ; delicate, pale, thin man ; dresses generally in a black shooting | , pinid trowsers, light vest. Joseph Brenan, sub-editor of the Felon newspaper ; | twenty-two years of age ; five feet six inches in height, dark hair; dark eyes ; pale, sallow face ; very stout ; round shoulders; Cork accent; no whirkers; hair on the upper lip; soft, sickly face; rather respectably dressed; alittle reduced Devin Reilly, sub-editor of the Felon news ars of age; five feet seven inches e ree hair; grey eyes; round,freck- narkably broad at the top; broad | shoulders; well set; dresses well. Jebn Cantwell, shopman, at a grocer’s ; thirty-five years of age; five feet ten inches in height; sandy hair; | grey eyes; fair face; good looking ; short whiskers ; | light; rather slight person; dresses genteel; supposed a native of Dublin. Stephen J. Meaney, sub-editor of Irish Tribune newspaper; twenty-six years of age; five fect eleven inches in height; dark hair; full blue eyes; dark face; sunall whiskers going under the chin mart appearances was constable of C division of police; discharge for dirty habits ; stout pereon; gencrally dressed in ack. Richard O'Gorman, jun., barrister; thirty years of ve feet eleven inches in height ; very dark hair ; yes; thin, long face; largo. dark whiskers; well a active; walks upright; dress, black frock coat a tweed trowsere, } ‘The following account of Mr. O'Brien and his fami- | ly will bread with interest. Ie was born at Dromo- | land, county of Clare, on the 17th of October, 1503, | | ! being the second son of Sit Edward O’Brien, fourth baronet (who died in 1837.) by the dau; heiress of W. Smith, Fsq. of Cahirmoyle, county of Limerick. ‘The latter lady was a very rich heiress, ‘Lhe issue of this marriage, in addition ‘to the subject of our notice, consisted of cight other children, in- cluding Sir Lucius, the eldest son; Edward, born in 1806, and married to the daughter of Massey Dawson, Keq., late M. P..a scion of the house of Cremorne | Robert, born in 1800, married to the daughter of Sir Aubrey de Vere; Kev, H, O'Brien, married to the daughter of J. Godley, Esq ; Grace, unmarried ; Anne, married to Rey. A. Martineau ; ilarriet, married to Rey. C. Monsell, a relative of Mr. Monsell, M, P. the colleague cf Mr. Smith O'Brien, in the represontation of Limerick county; Katherine Lucia, married to | Hon. and Rey. Amyard Harris, brother of the Earl of | Malmesbury. one of tne Prebendaries of Salisbury, and Rector of Wilton, ‘The present head of the house of O'Brien, or Bryen, is the Marquis of Thomond, who adopts the latter form of orthography, and he deduces hter and co- his descent from the royal ling of Thomond, a race of princes whieh sprang from the celevrated Hibernian monarch. Brian Borroime, or Boru, who commenced | in 100%, terminated it with his life near | in 1014, Should the present marquis die | male issue, Sir Luctes O'Brien ,will succeed aron Luchiquin : but not to the higher titles, In reference to t Lire a which will become extinet. tence of these titles,it may be added that in 15 xis ur. | O'Brien, the then head of the house, repaired land and resigned his sovereignty to !dward V1, and wae in recompense created Harl of Thomond | for life and Baron Luchiquin, The second holder of | the baronetoy, Sir Fdward O’Brien, was a son of the Right Hon, Lucius O'Brien, who died during the life- time of his father, by Catherino, daughtar of Thomas Keightley, Feq., of Harlingford, county of Hertz, grend-daughter of the first Farl of Clarendon, and | first cousin of Queens Mary and Anne In the latter points the records 0: the several families Mr, O Brien married about twelve years since t ighter of Joseph Gabbett, Esq. of Limerick, by whom he has had issue either six or sevon children. Mr. O'Brien isa gradvate of Trinity College, Cambridge; when first returned for the family borough of Ennis, in 1830, Mr. O'Brien was a tory, and as such opposed Mi O'Connell in th of the memorable Clare e! juentiy became « whig, then a radie he first joined the repeal ranks. Since presented the county imerick, On the last oceasion he succeeded in defeating Mr. Caleb | Yowell, the old Ireland candidate, by 24 votes. Mr. O'Brien tought a duel with the late Mr, Thomas Steele, having exchanged two shots with that gentleman Sir Lucius O'Brion, elder brother, is Lord Lieutenant et tho county of Clare. The Dowager Lady O'Brien is still living, and possesses « property of about £5000 per annum, to which her second son was always con- idexed to be the heir ; bat in other respect than as hair in prospect, Mr. O'Brien never was wealthy. He bas, when ia Ireland, taken up bia residence at the sent of hiv mother | Misceltancous. | The stack yard of John Whitney. at ( antwell's Bridge, Del, with its contents, consisting of some 300 bushels of unthreshed wheat and over 600 bushels of onts, was destroyed by fire, on Sanday night. The loss is about $500. No insuraace : + The schooucr Spartan lett lake Superior on the 4th, with ninety tons ; the propeller Independence, with one hundred tons; and the Gollah, with » large load of copper cre An Albino negro child, aged about cight years, at- tached (0 Raymond & '» menagerie, tecentiy fell from @ fourth story window of @ public hease in Quin. instantly killed, immigrants which arrived at TWO CENTS. Clty Intelligence. Tur Wearurn —The weather continues to be pleasant during the day, though the nighta are rather cool for the season. For several days past, at noon, the air was balmy as April, and gave ovident signs that the greater part of the warm weather had passed, and fall was on its way. Tur Home ror tHe Farexveese.—About three months since, the corner stone of # building, intended as an asylum for such females as 4 wandered from the paths of rectitude, and who evince a desire to mend their ways, was laid lot in 20th street, be- tween Fourth and Madison avenue, through the exer- tions of a few benevolent ladies, whoare known by the name of the “ Moral Reform Society.’ Since that time the workmen have been busily engaged. and now a capacious andelegant building rears its dome over thespot, where then there was only an excavation suf- ficient to lay the corner stone. The building is of brick, four stories high, and about ninety feet deep by tixty feet wide. The interior is most conveniently arranged and weil ventilated, and occupies a bye position, The work will probably cost about , one-half of which was in hand before the buildi ~ commenced, These humane ladies deserve credit for their exertions, and it isto be hoped that their most sanguine anticipation’ may be realized, im restoring the wandering of their eex to the paths respectable and honorable life, ‘Tur Crvy Guanos.—-This beautifally uniformed aad well disciplined corps, under command of Capt. Me- Ardle, left the city yesterday afternoon for Albany, accompanied by Bloomfield’s U, 8, Band, en route for ‘Troy. to be present at the presentation of # sword by the citizens of that city, to General Wool, which will take place to-day Accivent.—Abont three o'clock yesterday after- boon. a horse attached to acart in Chatham atreet, took fright, and ran off At the corner of Orange st., a small boy, crossing the street, was knocked down, and one of the wheels passed over his body, injuring him most seriously. He was taken up, when he stated that his father was a shoemaker, living fm: the upper part of the city ; soon after which, the blood began to issue from his mouth and nose. The horse kept on up the Lowery ; and it has not been ascertained whether any further damage was done, other ti breaking one of the fore legs of another hors Was attached to a cart, near the corner of Catharine street. Drivers cannot be too careful, and should never, for a moment, leave their horses standing im the street, without having them secured, Asortien.—A very serious accident oceurred at the Jersey City depot, about 6 o'clock on Monday even- ing, by a locomotive running over aman, injuring him so much that his life was despaired of. Carrain Cancs.—The Scotch gentleman, who, a few days ago, made inquiry at the police office respecting the whereabouts of Captain Cabel, and left his direc- tion where he could be found, would confer a favor om the captain by calling upon Mr. Stewart, clerk of po- lice, at the Tombs, and leave his direotion again, a8 the one he left before has been accidentally lost, Svicion sy Drowsixc,—Coroner Walters, yea- terday, held an inquest No. 663 Hudson street, on the body of John Stagg, a native of New York, and 60 years of age. who came to his death by suicide. It appears that the deceased has been un- der temporary fits of insanity for some time past, and early yesterday morning he left his residence, in Hud- Fon street, and proceeded at ence to the North River, foot of Clarkson street, ar d jumped overboard into the river, where he was found floating a short time after- wards quite dead, and the jury rendered a verdict that the deceased came to his death by suicide by drown- ing {while laboring under a temporary state of de- rangement. ppey Deatis —The coroner likewise held an in- quest at No. 13 Doyer street, on the body of Alexander Bingham, a native of Ireland, and 58 years of age, who came to his death by disease of tho heart. It appears that after he retired to rest, a noiso was heard in his room like fallon the floor, but at the time no partic- ular notice was taken ; bnt in the morning, finding that He did not come down to his breakfast as early as usual, one of the inmates went to his room, and there found the deceased flat on the floor, in hig clothes, quite dead. The jury rendered a verdiet that the de- ceased came to bis deat ‘h by disease of the heart Orvicr, ov Natronat Fine Iws. Co., 67 Wallstreet, New York, 224 Aug. 1848 Commercial Transportation Company and ‘Iron Steam Packet Company—C. Yardly, agont—bave mot with a small lees on mer- chandise, and lost one barge, called tho Catharina, which waa en- {rely consumed, Insured in the National Insurance Corapany, New York, Jas Gorvon Bennern, Dear Sir—We have no insurances for either of the above named compa. nies, either on boats or merchandise, and you will much oblige by making the necessary correction. Rea- pectfuily yours, Ke , W. 0. KELLOG Political Intelligence, Free Som Merrine at F. nun Hann. gr fiee soil meeting was to be held in Faneuil Hall, Boston, last evening, 22d instant, to hear the report of the delegates to the Butlalo Convention, and to ratify their doing: Novrrar Pi ov Mr. Cray.—The follow- ing is from the Ohio Organ of the 2ist instant, pub- lished at Cincinnati :— “ We were admitted the perusal of a private letter, the cther nay, from this distinguished statesman, to ene of owr leading citizens, in which he deelares his determination not to take an active part in the pre- sent canvass ; but when the day of election comes, he will go to the polls and vote according to the best light in his posession at the time.’ Army Intelligence, The Arkansas Intelligencer, of the Sth inst. ‘The K company, Ist dragoons,'Lieut, Buf ing, and Lieut. Sackett, left Fort Gibson for Sani on the 17th ult. Subsequent to their departure, cor- rect information was received at Fort Gibson that about eight hundred Witchetaws and other prairie Indians had assembled in the upper Santa Fe route— the one which Buford had taken. Anexpress was sent out, and Buford took the lower route, and by this means will, no doubt, escape the ambuscade. ‘Two companies of the 8th infantry are ordered to Fort Smith, and two to Fort Gibson; and may be ex- Feeted dally. Capt. Stein hae beon ordered to Jeffor- son Barracks, where he will take command of three companies of the Ist dragoons, and march to California Tux: Drrartvrre or Grn. Brooxr,—General Drooke left the city last evening, on the steamer Minois, for St. Louis, whence he will proceed to Upper Mississippi, pursuant to orders, to establish posts upon the Crow Wing river. We cannot but wish hima Pleasant journey and an early return to his numerous iend# in New Orleans.—N. 0. Pic, Aug. 12. Tur Counrerreitens’ Dex av Brrawron.—The underground apartment, which, as we stated on Saturday, was accidently brought to light in the cel- lor of a house in Brighton, has been more thoroughly examined. It proved to be aroom some eight or ten feet deep, by eight fect square, planked at the sides, bottom, and top, which latter was from two or three feet beneath the surface of the cellar cf the house. Noone was in thecellar at the time the carth caved in, and the famlly were first informed of the ciroum- stance by the cracking of the rotten planks. Mr. Howard, who has occupied the house for about four months, dug down partially, and found upon a shelf three kegs and some other articles, Only five coun- terfeit balf dollars were found, all of the date of 19:3. They are a well made counterfeit, though now some- what rusted out. In the room were also found a eheet of zino, a keg with a turning or polishing machine, a pair of scales und weights, an anvil block, a plece of the padding of a coat, Xc.; also a* Life ofa Cele- brated Robber Some eight menths since, Marshal Tukey, of this city, received information which led him to visit this cellor at night, and dig for this very room. but he did not strike in the right spot. The house has been occupied of late years by a number of tenants, one of whom, named Hathaway, wae, It is stated, arrested in New Orleans, and a quantity of counterfeit money found uponhim. He was commit- ted to Baton Rouge prisdn, but was finally discharged —Boston Traveller, Aug. Keu’s new flouring north of Milton, Miamr county, fell in with a tremendous crash on Tues jay, the 14th inst., just as the workmen, eight in number, had returned from supper, and were oat tae lower fl ore of the building, Two of them, who were near the door, eseaped. and the six others were caught in the ruins Two of them, Diffra and Little, extricated themselves | without assistance; but the others were buried under the fallen timbers to the depth of ten feet, and remain- ed in that position two hours and a half. Davis Cur- tis. a young man of about twenty-two years of age, was taken out dead. Washington Deacon, mill-wright, badiy hurt and not expected tolive; Mr, Gilbert seri- cusly injured, and his recovery doubtful ; James Nites, thigh broken and toes mashed; Heary Diffra and Thos Little slightly wounded, The fall of the bailding was owing tothe imperfect material and construction of the stone pillars in the centre. These gave way, aud the entire structure, except the walls, was instantly precipitated into the underground basement. These Walls themselves fell inabout a year ago, but fortunate- ly no one was then injured.—Dayton Journal. Great .00.==Reporis were in circulation yesterday, of a desperate riot at Water- Joo, Ml, on the day of the election, between parties of Germans and Americans. The cause of the quarrel ts not stated, but it is said that three Germans and two Americans were so badly stoned and bruised that they cannot live. The Germans then stoned the stores of the Americans, and drove them out of towa We hope these reporte ure exagyerated.— Si. Lows Reg., eleg UL Tax Wiscorsix Jupirsry.—n the First Cire cuit Edward V. Whiton, of Rock, is elected Judge. In the Second Circuit, probably Levi Hubbell, of Milwaukie, In the Thisd Circuit, Charles H. Lar- rabee. of I he Fourth, Aloxander W. Stow, of Fond du Lac ; and in the Fifth, Mortimer M. Jack- von, of lowa, ary suppoved to be elected. In the Fifth there were four independent candidates in the ficid. Wrsconsrx, Aco. 12 —Later returns from the Second Jndicial District of Wieconsin render it doubdtful whe- ther Gon. Hubbel! is elected, ~The vote is very close between him and tho regular locofoce candidate. sin Natiox.—We understand that it is aly at Natick. Six persons are reported died ¥~ day last (sca 9 De. Chandior = oy of dysontery, which ia the prevailing dia» ves.-Dosion Tevetier ang Siow very © to have i _— ¢