The New York Herald Newspaper, August 25, 1848, Page 1

ane pore NO. 5196. © MORNING EDITION /OUR FRENCH LETTERS. Pants, Aug. 3, 1848, Great Debate—Array of Parties—Holland for War—Tuxationm France. The great debate upvn the fiaance question was terminated, in a vote favorable to the government —78t0329. This question was confined exclu- sively to the imposition of a tax of one per cent upon meney loaned upon mortgage, from the re- | venues upon which the government expect to realise -20,000,000, and 1s a part of a system of measures to be soon after produced, intended to carry taxa- | tion to all that species of property which escaped taxation under the monarchy. Upon being ques- tioned, just before the vote was taken, whether the government made this a question of the port- folio, the minister replied that it did not this 1s0- Jated qnestion, but would do so the series of mea- sures which 1t would soon propose. The truth is, that Gen. Cavaignac intends that the money- Jenders, the rich men in the country, shall no donger escape taxation, but shall contribute their fair proportion to the expenses of the government. This raives a terrible storm among that portion of the representatives who are directly interested in this question, as many of them are; and all the ¢t Pans has been made to bear against this » Which was d in by Thiers, and asa companion of Proudhon’s propo- » When ‘Thiers was called upon to point rces from whence to derive the revenue he-deficiency of two hundred and fifty In 1549, he admitted there were none, and ey must borrow; and cited the examples under the monarchy. The mmnister told him he would not go io the monarchy forlessons in finance —* that he wished the sy-tem of finance under the republic to differ from that under the monarch and theretore, perhaps, he met with the oppositio® of the Hon. Thiers” The minister was aroused, and cut loose from the old dynasty and its friends, fully aud squarely ; and herrafter, parties in the Assembly will be more fully developed. Gene- tal Cavaignac intends “to make France meet her expenses, and to keep down the debt, and to make the wealth of France, the halt of which the minister said, had escaped taxa- tion up to this time, hereafter bear some portion of the burthen of the expenses. There will be a terrific outcry, I presume, in the English press upon this subject, because there are a good many mortgages which will affect the pockets of Queen Victoria’s subjects. After the develope- ments of yesierduy, in the minister’s speech, and those of ‘a day or two before, Thiers and his fol- Jowers may be regarded as openly in the opposi- tion. I presume the government thought it best to bring their opponents ont to the public view, and there meet them, that all might take their posi- tions more understundingly, M. M. Thiers and Benyer sustained the opposition—the minister the overnment: there were some flying corps; but how lay the strength: Forgrave considerations as 4s announced, the report of the Committee of En- quiry was not made yesterday, as was expected, anda tremendous rush of people were disappoint- ed. This matter agitates the public mind. Hol- Jand has decided not to yield to the demands of the German’ empire upon Limbourg, and will ap- peal to force to resist any invasion of her alleged rights. She has sent M. Lichtenfield to Mais- tricht, fully authorised by the king te concert measures with the authorities of that city, to pre- pare to defend themselves against the empire. I presume England comes in for a share in this ar- rangement ; for Holland 1s under her speetal pro- tection. he empire has hitherto been so suc- cessful that this appears lke a small difficulty, compared with those which have already been overcome ; but, ike Schlerwig, and the Wilmot proviso, Limbourg may rise up into a matter Jof great consequence, and draw the attention of the world to it. The President of the Assembly will move into his new mansion—here called hotel— this week. Oxsxr@er. Paris, August 1, 1848. Interrogations to the Minister of Foreign Affairs— The Debate—Gen. Cavaignac again. Yesterday the promised interrogations to the Minister of Foreign Affuirs took place, and pro- duced !:ttle information, or little else than a debate, which in’ some respects was interesting. The minister said, that some days past there had been a conversation in presence of the committee of foreign affairs, and notwithstanding the injunction of secresy, there had many prejudicial and absurd rumors got abroad, and that he thought there would be a grave danger in a public discussion touching the foreign relations of France, which had been already recommended, by what took place in the secrecy of the commission ; and that he thought, at a moment of so much agitation and | change of circumstances in motives, that it would | be unpardonable in him to make an exposé which would be inimical to the interests and alliances projected of France. We are happy, said the mie | nistey, to See Germany occupying herself with the principles of fraternity and union, and other na- tions place their hope inus. We are in an excel- lenl position to choose our alliances. When the events permit us to make known our views and | intentions we shall hasten to do so, but I respect | ‘ou too much, citizens, to speak before you when Theve nething to say, and | have too strongly the sentiment of m: y to pronounce words which might be regarded us an engagement, when the | moment for an engagement has not yet arrived. M. Mauguiv, who preferred the interpellations, | ‘was not satisfied with this respouse, und insiste | that the government was bound to declare itself | before the Assembly, and he declared that the policy [tied by the government would lead to a general war, whereas he was tor peace. He was, called upon to explain himself, and he branched off | into his theories, by a review of the history of events since 1790, and accused the government of double dealing, of sending out a circular contain- ing one set of principles, and private agents to act upon a different set. Having proceeded to explain, he said the government sent agents into Germany and into Naples to play a double hand, and that France required a fos frank and legal. This brought Gen. Cavaignac upon his feet, and he re- marked, “that under a monarchy these interro- gations were not of an importance so immediate as under a republic; that, without any doubt, a | minister would reserve his right to respond or not to amember who represented only his own opi- nion ; but if the minister answers, it may happen that his answer, in the debate which it inay pros voke, will produce an injurious effect upon our foreign relations, that this point of view we ought not to lose sight of; but the reproaches of the hon. minister of double dealing he could not accept, and he called upon him to specify, and the presi- dent of the Assembly told tim he was at liberty to name persons if he could.” The r asked if an agent had not been sent into Piedmont, and another into Naples, with private instructions different from the public mstructions?, To the pledge being negatived by Gen. Cavuignae, he said he meant by the former administration. M. Bastide, who was minister then as now, then took the floor, and said that an agent had been sent to Naples to obtain an indemnity, that his conduct had been most honorable, and that, after effecting his purpose, he had resigned, for causes whicli tt was not necessary to explain to the Assembly. And here this debate, important and interesting in many respects, terminated, without any further indication of the future policy of France in her foreign relations. General Ca- vaignac intends to keep his own counsels. QssERvER. > Paris, August 1, 1848. Speech of M. Proudhon, and the Vote—Commi- tee of Inquiry—Search for Arms. M. Proudhon, yesterday, made his reply to the report of the committee upon his proposition, and the Asseinbly must have credit for hearing him.to the end, or nearly so, at least, for I believe the in- dignation grew so high that he was at Jast com. pelled to leave the tribune. His whole discourse was an attack upon government—order, social and political, and the greatest violation ot the rules of propriety thet has probebly ever been witnessed. ‘The Assembly, by a vote of 691 to 2, passed to the order of the day, founded upon the following pro- positions :—** Considerieg that the Ioan of Cruzen Proudhow as en audacious attaek upon the principles of public moralit hat it violates pro- perty peal to the worst passions, and consideriag, more- over, thatthe author has e«lummuted the revolu- | tion of Vebroary, in attempting to render it an ace complice he thenes which he has developed, the Assen ss to the order of the day.” Llere bere, which would leave scane thirty as cot hoving vored—ter whatreason Jam not is very ptebably about, for the ister then | that it encoursges delation; makes an ap- | Minister of Finance rose and left the chamber, declaring to the Assembly that he would not be Be sent to listen to such language and sentiments. here was a general burst of indignation, M. Thiers came to the tribune to place himself at the disposition of the Assembly; but they would not permit him to reply, declaring that but one senti- ment, that of indignation, filled the Assembly. Upon the vote, the divisien was called for, and the result such a8 has been described. Such is the fate of this insurgent socialism, which has been used by different agents and instruments to cause so much blood to flowin Paris, and which is far more destructive to the existence of society than any other disease known to the country. The small pox and yellow fever kill only individuals— this insurgent ‘socialism strikes a mortal blow at the existence of whole communities and nations ft annthilates government—property—family—civi- lization—and leaves only anarchy, civil war, and degradution. Among other Quixotic spirits, was that of Monsieur Owen, from the United States, who proposed to demonstrate how labor could be provided for all, and the millennium be brought about, by the adoption af some of his theories; but the committee declined to hear him; and the press, which recited the history of his views and eflorts in America and England, intimated that as he had not been very successful in either of those countries, it was sarnly worth while to make the atiempt in France. The commission of enquiry has not yet reported, and, according to the number of arrests still taking place daily, there seems to be an uncertainty when they can make their report. They have been now more than one month actively engaged in taking testi- mony, all of which, it 18. said, is to ke published. ' The search for arms still is pursued with great vigor and success, and they are found concealed in every ingenious manner. Onserver. Panis, July 31, 1848. Grand Battle in Italy—Twelve Thousand Prison- ers—Prussia Refuses to Obey. The news from Italy is very important, and seems sustained in such a mannerthat it is here re- ceived as true, beyond any reasonable doubt. Ac- cording to it, a battle has been fought between the Italians and Austrians, in which the former, ac- cording to one account, have made 11,000 prison- ers and taken 52 cannon, and killed and wounded 13,000 men; and according to another account, the prisoners amount to 12,000; the cannon to 59, and nothing is said of the number killed and wounded: We had before been informed of the sortie of the Austrians from Verona, and of their march upon Villafranca, in the night, amidst a thunder storm, by which they captured that village and commit- ted some devastations; and that afterwards, and after the retreat of some small bodies of the Italian forces, a more considerable force attacked the Austrians, and with very considerable success. Subsequently a battle took place between Costo- see and Sornma Campana, under the command of General Baval, on the part of the Kalians, who was sent to cut off the retreat of the Austrians to Verona, who, the day before, had advanced and attacked the frontiers of Rivoli, and attempted the passage of the Mincio. This counterattack on the part ot the Italians appears to have been quite suc- cessful, in which they made 600 prisoners, and captured one cannon. This information comes to us under date of the 24th of July, in an_ official form. But under date of the 26th, from Milan, and the 28th, trom Switzerland, we haye received the news of the grand battle before referred to, which ts also confirmed by the private correspondence in this city, and which the relative position of the two armies, at our latest anterior dates, renders probable. The last correspondent says the bulletin 1s in press, which will furnish the details; but that the principal facts are beyond a quesyon. Should this prove to be true, it will change the aspect of Italian affairs in upper Italy, which have been suf- ficiently sorrowful for the ‘last four or five weeks, when disaster after disaster had left a dark shade upon the future prospects ot Italy and upon the in- capacity or treachery of the King ot Sardinia. According to the Gazette dé Bréme, which came to hand this moraing, the Prussian Minister of War, Schreckenstein, has writien to the Minister of War of the German Empire, M. Penken, that Prussia will not place her army under the orders of the Vicar General, nor swear allegiance to the German Empire, according to the order which had been issued to it from the French fleet. If this be true, I donot believe the accounts which brought the news, that the Prussian King, in his counsel of ministers, had recomnized the right of the Vicar to command, and the duty of kings and his minis- ters to obey. The two pieces of news are incon- sistent and neutralize each other. A few days must furnish the public with the truth ; inthe meantime, the combinations upon the chess board of the Ger- man States will put all anticipauon at defiance. Prussia will be found, new appears to be as un: tain as ever. Observer, Panis, July 30, 1848, The Address of the Romans against the Russian Invastcon—General Oudinot--Armand Marrast. The Russian army have entered into Vallachia, and arrived at Foskchan, and the provisional go- vernment having retired into the mountains, have issued a proclamation, which | translate as fol- lows :— “ Roman Brothers—Notwithstanding,” all our sacred rights, recognised and guaranteed by all the foreign powers, the Russian army has arrived at Foskchan — You have proclaimed that the cross should be your | arms of defence. It isthe cross ef justice. So fear nothing ; for if the Russians tread under foot the cross of the evangelists, God has arms more powerful than their's ; arms, with which he has protected the Ro- qans for 1800’ years, against all their enemies—arms, with which we have conquered our liberties in these hours. Romans, the cross is the fear of our enemies ; and the cross, ign of redemption. and arm of God. will be our protection, if we have confidence in it, and our | sacred rights, which, hereafter, no force can take from | us, Nevertheless, the government which you have | named, steing that the dificult manner with which you have humored them, has not yet terminated—has addrersed an appeal to all the foreign powers who have eften lent their aid to us. We have sent our agents, to demand auxiliary troops ; and, in order to be able | to negotiate with those powers, and to protest with | arms in our bands, we have thought it to be eur duty, | to retire to the mountains. and to rest there upon the | eummit of Mount Krapucks, which is our sole asylum. | Romans, in the name of our sufferings for vighte centuries ; in the namo of that liberty which you havo conquered forever—we adjure you not to quit your mourning, before Rome shall be delivered. Preserve this love of country which you have evinced to the whole world—preserve your courage and your confi- dence, in your force, and as to the end, as you have done up to this time, and God will be with us. Ro- he Ieraclites were forty years in the wilderne: | and God was with them, while they had confidence— thus youcan, Let us give tho fraternal kiss, and | swear with us to prererve the country in our hearts, and not to lay down the armsof «# warrior, nor the | staif of a pilgrim, before we shall be able to give each other the kiss of regeneration.” These men will fight—and their appeal to Euro and the world, ought not, and probably will not be made in in. The rest of Hurope will not be willing to see Russia making her way to the Da- nube, Bosphorus and Constantinople, and swallow- ing up this 8 to 12,000,000 of people the descendants of antiquity, in the bowels of despotism. This address is quaint, but beautiful—it manifests the highest degree of faith ; at the same time appears tobe strongly confirmed with the efficacy of means,—both of which are exceedingly important in a war among those people. They will fight for their cross and their country,—and in such battles, | men seek death, rather than avoid it. | Let the Irish go to work in the spirit and the pow- | erofthe simple-minded people who have issued | this address trom the mountains of the Danube, | and the Black Sea, and their independence will be | secured before the annual revoiution of another , sun. Let them cease to talk, and begin to act, | and they will inspire confidence among themselves, and the respect of other countries. _ se | Itis represented, that the news from Vallachia and Itwly, has produced a strong agitation in the French assembly , and rumor now assigns to Gen- eral Oud:not, a destmation in the Mediterranean, where he can give hts snpport to the Pope, against Austria, und even against his own people, if ne- cessury—to this latter dca, 1 do not attach much importance, but it helps make up the budget, which agitates Paris. it | The President of the Assembly is giving large soirees, and hiring a number ot boxes at the thea- tres, for which he distibutes his tickets among the Ministers, Onsenver. Pants, July 17, 1818, Emigration to the United States—The Conditron of the Emigrants—Sicily and her New Kiag— Resolutions of the German Empire-- Yucatan— England. | Twenty thou and persons tm Birmingham, Nng- land, it is estimated, are destrous of finding a pas- | eoge to the United States. All who can, among | thie clase, are making their arrangements accord- A war exists in Germany, but upon what side ingly; and, it is to be hoped, that they will fiad the hospitality for which our country is so justly renow: ed. The emigration this year, and for yoars, perh ps. to come, will be limited only by the means which the poor have to procure a passage, Let our people and our country bid them welcome—welcome to a land of plenty, of liberty, and of glory, where all the indus- trious and sober can be well fed and well clothed, with the proceeds of their own earnings. I think some of the European governments may adopt the principle of giving aid to such emigration. Unless Europe is to be involved in war, and men are needed for that purpose, it would be an arbitrary and wanton act to restrain them. We spread our empire over the Western world, carry peace aud a good government wherever we go, and provide territory and a government for the protec: tion of famished, starving, oppressed and king-ridden Europe, Our conquests and acquisitions are appro- priated to those whose governments, perhaps, revile us. Be it so—the people are not to blame; they become in- corporated with our soil, country and govornment, and their descendants become American citizens, Ab, whata title and a name -at this moment the admira tion of the Old World—at this hour, and, for the re- mainder ofthe century, its exemplar. Th» people of Europe rush into our arms, and nono ever return, From 400,000, the number would at once amount to a million, annually, could the means but be found for transportation. What a benevolent act would be the formation of a charitable society in the city of New York to receive and provide for, momentarily, the star- ving poor who reach that city in a state of destitution, and strangers in a strange land. How much informa- tion, and direction for employment and settlement, could be given to them, worth to them more than gold. The road to the Far West could be pointed out to them, and the wanderers from this country secured against imposition. Let an American, that has a heart, but see the condition of a portion of the European po- pulation, and he will never after be heard to raise his voice against opening our country, fur and wide, to give them a home; and their oppression at home will Liake them love and appreciate, more fully than wo can, the value of free institutions, Sicily has chosen the Duke of Genoa, the second son of Charles Albert. for her king. Thus have the Sici- lians severed themselves completely from the treacher- ous Ferdinand of Naples, ‘The German Empire has resolved to offer to mediate between Austria and Italy, and a resolution has been framed touching the question of alliances. offensive and defensive, and also one in reference to the United States—but what is the tenor of either has not beea developed. England is preparing the public mind to seize upon Yucatan I say seize, because, under her condition, Yucatan can only surrender herself into the arms of some power. The United States ought not, it appears to me, to adopt such a course as to bring this about. We can and we ought to give protection to Yucatan, and to prevent England from possessing herself of that country. Let that question be pressed home by the the people upon Congress, President Polk, and the new Presidential candidates. The French press is discuss- ing the subject, referring to the course of the English government an 1 press, and expressing surprise that America should leave Yucatan and England to bring about such an arrangement. Yucatan has appealed to our government, and if it be not responded to, she has aright to goto England, who will be glad of the opportunity to respond, and to receive her usury therefor, by swallowing up the principal by the rate ofinterest. But of this we cannot complain, if we re- fuse. Do our people want to be bounded on the North and the South by England's possessions? Do they want England between/us and the Isthmus of Panama? What becomes of the declarations of our Presidents, and responded to by the people, if this be permitted? ance sees the importance of the question to us, and let not party politics blindus toit. OBSERVER. The Position of General Cavaignac, {From the London Examiner, July 29 } The multitude of reproaches which each day, w aerate vehemence, and in greater number, assail General Cavaignac, it is amusing to listen to. Cavaignac isa man of firm principles, and of the calmest energy. He was bred and has lived in republican principles, and has no idea of modi- fying them. He is attached to certain friends, and used to certain politicians ; he will not abandon hen Though a soldier, he refuses _to go to war; though a victor in civil strife, he refuses to aspire to empire; though he has conquered the red repub- lic and communism, he refuses to exterminate, or to torture the fallen. Cavaiy , in short, as honest as he is brave, as noble as he is simple. And numbers of his countrymen aecordingly ery out against him as a nullity. He is already begin- ning to share the fate of Lafayette, whom the court detested and calumniated as a liberal, and whom the Jacobins abhorred, and would hav sacrificed as a moderate. It is quite evident that General Cavaignac will not long be head of the French Executive. M.Tlocon, in the Reforme, accuses him of wanting the courage of his posi- tion. The republic hasbeen evidently beaten back, at the hustings of France, and in the streets of Paris. Foreign conquests, and glorious fields of battle abroad, could alone re-erect it. ‘March into Italy, send fleets to the Baltic and the Black Sea,” exclaim the partisans of the military move- ment. The impassible Cavaignae merely shrugs his shoulders. He studies the map of Italy in is closet with all the earnestness of Napoleon; but, unlike Napoleon, he refuses to give the order for mar¢hing without a cause. Scarcely has he es- caped from the exhortations of the fanatics of war, than Cavaignac is assailed on the other side by the fanatics of order. It is nothing, they exclaim, to have overthrown the dragon of anarchy, if you do not crush it and tread it into the dust. ** These 10,000 prisoners; surely you do not intend to let them loose. Society will never be safe whilst they exis end them to the Pacific.” “I have neither ships nor money for such wholesale trans- portation.” “ Slay them, fetter them,” rejoin the wmpitoyables. Here again Cavaignac shrugs his | shoulders, and replies, that though he may meet thousands in battle, he cannot send thousands to the scaffold or the galleys. The fanatics for order instantly set down Gen. Cavaignac asa man with- out recolution or lotty ideas. The assaults made upon the President of the new government by the friends at his side, are no Jess urgent and extrava- gant than those made by his opponents. ‘* Why not have a little ambition,” plead those advisers “for your own. sake, at least? Some one mus! be elected President ; why not make the efloris that Lamartive did, that Thiers does?) Why not conciliate parties—flatter, make a cant on legisla- tion, or'on war, and then lay claim to the lngh post that naturally awaits you?” To this, as to other, exhortations, the unambitious and simple Cavaignac replies with the usual strug. He 18 ready to accept honor thrust upon him ; but to in- trgue, struggle, or hie for it, such is not his nature. The golden opportunity 1s lying before him, or day by day passing, and Cavaignac disdains to grasp it, acting on the principle of laisse faire les évéue- mens. But upon this mood still treats another tempter, who whispers, ‘ General, if youhave not | the ambition to strive for yourself, why not lend your efforts to the restoration of a throne? Since ho a to make yourself the first man in France for a time, seize the opportunity of making yourself the second personage in all I’rance, not for atime, but permanently. Be Monk,if you willnot be Napoleon.” To this the reply 1s not merely a shrug, but an indignant frown and gesture, calculated to preclude forever the slightest repetition of such a profler, And with such kinds of answers as these to all parties, Cavaignac is getting decidedly un- popular. Simultaneously, in both Times and, Chronicle, we see the outbursting complaints of the republicans du len demain against the General who is accused of being ridiculously true to his old friends, instead of politically adopting new ones. Cavaignac is accused of not giving oflice to mode- rates, and of acting under the friends of M. Thiers. The truth is, he offered a fair share of power to the friends of M. Thiers. Ile gave ministerial offices to Lamoricitre, to Bedean; he displaced Carnot, and turned his friend Bas- tide out of the foreign office, in order to please the party of M. Thiers. But all this was done in vain ; the party of M. Thiers was not conciliated. The Constitutronnel continued as rancorous as ever against the republican, And M. Thiers’ friends, notably General Bedeau, withdrew from, the cabinet, and forced the general to fling himself back upon the exclusive support of the republicans. The termimation of the struggle will no doubt be the ejection of CAvaaS from power, and the ele- vation of Thiers to the Presidency | Phe difficul- ty in France, however, is not to obtain high office, but to keep there. It is indeed impossible for any one to even aim at the Presidency of the French executive, without his attempting to win the sup- port of various and conflicting parties, Itis neces- sary for him to give hopes at once to the republi- cans and the Orleanists, for eae party has the majority. Even if this could be done honestly, how can it be done without exciting 1s appointments, animosities, and difficulties 7 So that, alter all, Covaignac’s may be the best and most honorable policy; to do his duty, stick to his principles, court no party, and larsse> faire les bvd- nemens. Increase @r Traven THRovan Tie FRANCONA cH.—Seven years ago six borses and a smal coach or covered Wagon, were sufflcient to furnieh a commodations for all the stage travel between the town of Plymouth, N. H,, and the Notch of the Fran- covia mountains Now, there aro at least sixty horses fully employed, and two nine passenger Coaches daily ench way, beeides nearly aw equal number of extra covohes; and during the travelling season, itis not an unusual thing to bave half # hundred pass over the entre route to and from the Notch to Mymonth,in « day,.—Bosten Travetisr, Aug 23, Phe Trials for Sedition tn Iretands {From the London Times, Aug. 1.) What remains to be done? There are said to be several cargoes of symp»thizers, with money and arms, on their way from the States, They will, probably, discover their mistake before they com- mit themselves further, and retura home with no Yankees would have said if we had given symp: thy, money, arms, and men to independent Me: co, when they were wantonly invading it.— Another more serious question occurs. There are certain prisoners whose tals are to come on in Dublin this day week. The club men, though they have proved their aversion to the open field, can yet persecute, and perhaps assassinate. ‘The degger has superseded the pike in pubile estima- tion. Itis saia the Dublin shopkeepers are threat- ened by their own shopmen with ruin, and even death, if they do their duty in the jury box, andal- low the prisoners tobe convicted. The shopkeep- ers find it a hard struggle between honesty and ruin, But when, we ask, have not honest inen had siinilar struggles to go through? Do the Dublia bourgeois wish, by yielding to club domination, to see their city tumed into another Pans? It 1s better to be ruined by honesty than by cowardice, and better thatnow and then that twelve men be damaged than a metropolis destroyed. We assure the tradesmen of Dublin it is their interest to do their duty. Jf they do not see this, let them listea to a noble appeal.” ‘The eyes of the world are upon them. All Europe watches the course of events in this country, and is constrained to do homage to our tranquility, and to the regular and efficacious working of our laws. Let it then not witness such a scandal as the submission of our boasted Jury to the dictates of an angry rabble.. Ladies’ Fashions for August, [From the Ladies’ Gazette of Fashion.) We are nowin that reason when Fashion used for- Merly to repose from her Jabors ; for the summe! months. once established, remained without any sort of change till the winter ones were brought in. We have now completely changed that; it is true, that they are alterations of an apparently slight degree that do take place ; but though slight in appearance. they are not 40 in reality ; for they may be highly advan- tageous, or quite the reverse, to the figure or features of the wearer We are at present fortunate in so far rally becoming kind The great heat of the weather bas breught light ma- terials, both for robes and pardessus, much more for- ward than they have yet been, with the exception of travelling dresses, and those for the early morning walk. The materials and forms of robes are the same for both, nankin, unbleached cambric, and striped ote form, andin a very plain style: high, close cor- Fages ; the sleeves, either long or tight, or of the small bishop form : the only trimmings adopted is a row of buttons, descending from the top of the corsage down the front of the skirt. The ginghams are made en peignoir ; in some instances with a corsage en blouse. dress, pekin and taffeta robes, but they are by no means in a majority; bareges, gazes de laine, mous- selines de soe, striped and printed muslins ; some half transparent materials, a mixture of silk and wool, and white muslin, both jaconet and clear, are in’ very great request. We must not forget a material com- posed of goats’ hair ; it is half transparent, of a very fine kind, and in heautiful patterns ; it is quite — novelty with us, but was some years ago’ very fashion- able in France, where it is now again very mach in vogue. Punic PromexaprjDress.—Rose-colored taffeta cha- peau, a round, very open shape; the garniture is com posed of a wreath of yellow flowers. A veil of pale pink tuile, and rose-colored brides, Green gros dite robe; the ‘corsage, round at the bottom, tight to the shape, high at the back, and rather open on the bo- som; demi long sleeves. Under-sleeves and chemi- sette of clear muslin, trimmed with Valenciennes lace. The skirt is trimmed with a single deep flounce, bor- dered and headed with a full ruche of the same; cein- ture of ribbon to correspond; silver buckle, Fichu mantelet of the material of the dress, rather deep and rounded at the back, descending in short-pointed ends before, open onthe bosom, and trimmed all round | with a full ruche. decorated with a wreath of pink flowers, intormingied with white onesin the tufts at the ends. robe, a low and deeply. pointed corsage, trimmed round the top with white tulle bouilionnée, ornamented in the centre with tufts of ribbou of a novel form; vory short tight sleeves, similarly decorated. Each side of the skirt is decorated with tulle botillonnce, the bouil- lons formed by tufts of ribbon; one that terminates pa eeae isd is of a larger size, and with floating ends. You sapy's Dxess.—Blue silk frock; corsage half high. square on the bosom, and bordered with two rows of black velvet ribbon. Short open mancheron, simi- larly bordered, over musiin sleeves a three-quarter length, and demi large; the skirt is trimmed with three very deep tucks, each headed with three rows of velvet. Black lace mittens. Dixxen Durss.—Cap, formed of a round piece of tulle, encircled by a row of blonde lace, put on nearly plain, and trimmed on each side with a cluster of coques of rove ribbon, Red lilac taffeta robe; a low , ind sleeve a three-quarter length, open to the nad trimmed with tworows of biack velvet rib- Muslin under sleeves, the lower part decorated with two deep fallsof lace. English lace pelerine. From Sanr Laxe.—We learn from a young man who arrived Inst evening on the Cora, that in coming from Fort Laramie to St. Joseph, he fell in with a swall party consisting of four or five families of Mor- mons, in four wagons, direct from the settlement at the Salt Lake, which place they left on the Ist of May. ‘They informed him that there ‘was a good deal ot suf- fering among the Mormons for want of provisions. They were obliged to kill their working cattle for food, and their stock of breadstuffs was nearly exhaust>d. | Their wheat and bariey crops had been entirely de- stroyed by crickets, which appeared in astonishing numbers, and, like the locusts, destroyed every kind ot vegetation in their path. The Mormon emigrants, consisting of about seven hundred wagons, in five companies, were met at Ash Hollow, on Platte river, one hundred and twenty-five miles this side of Fort Laramie, They were getting on well, and had plenty of provisions.—St Louis Organ. Conrrvs Curisti.— We learn trom good authority that Col. Kinney has made arrangements to re- open and deepen the channel through the flats near Corpus Christi. Complete soundings have been taken, and it is certain that the channel will be made practi- cable for vessels drawing eight fect water, whence they can approach the town without difficulty. This work has been undertaken by Col. Kinney at his own ex- ense, and when it is completed Corpus Christi will Become the most important of the Gulf ports. Being the nearest favorable point to central and northern Mexico, it must necessarily be the depot for all the trade of that section of country. and also the point of reshipment for all public and private property going to Paso del Norte, which is destined to te a. great cen- tral mart.—New Orleans Crescent,Mug. 14. Tne Wesrern Kivers. he recent very hot and dry weather in the West has had the eifect of drying up the rivers. The St. Louis Republican of the 1bth inst., says:—“ The upper Mississippi and Missouri have reached quite a low stage, and navigation in both is becoming difficult and hazardous. The last ports down from Keokuk report but twenty-two inches on the Lower Rapids, and scant four fert and a half thence to this city. Tho stage of water in the Missouri has been reduced to three feet on the princi- pal bars above, and from three and a half to four fect on those below Brunswick. The Illinois is also de- clining rapidly, and the last boats down report scant five feet on Naples and Beardstown bars. The river opposite this city continues to recede slowly, with a channel depth of between seven and eight foot to Cairo,”* New Sant Sprinas anp rue Save Busingss —A new salt spring, yielding a good article of brine, has recently been put in connection with the salt works at Liverpool. It is 100 feet deep, anc is worked to the entire satisfaction of all the manufacturers. Another is now in process of being dug a few rods weat of the old Syracuse spring. The pipe, seven inch bore, has been sunk to the depth of 313 feet, with every prospect of finding an abundant supply of brine equal in quality to the other aprings. ‘This will soon be put in operation, which will make the num- ber of springs from which brine is obtained for the manufacture of salt in this city and vicinity as fol- lows: ~"T'wo at Liverpool, three at Salina, and three at Syrac The seven springs in operation now, it is estimated, will furnish 1,600,000 gallons of water in twenty-four hours. which will be increased by the new spring to nearly 2,000,000 gallons. Tho salt business, unlike every other manufacturing enterprise, is rapid- lyincreasing. The aggregate amount of salt manu- factured between the Ist of January and middlo of August last year. is 1,678,804 bushels; ‘and during the same period of time this year 2,062,134 bushels, show- ing an increase of 388,240 bushels. A ready market is found forall that be manufactured, and the de- mand for it increases as its good qualities become known The manufacturers have ‘cooled town” in order to take advantage of this extremely warm wen: ther to clean their kettles and other apparatus In the courre of a few days these immense work shops will again be in active operation, asa pressing domand will not allow much time for respite. We have spent a few afternoons in travelling through the large fields covered with salt blocks, and feel it no less a pleasure than a duty to bear testimony te the uniform good order in all the departments of these large and exten- sive manufacturing establishments, The great num- ber of persons employed, not less than such excellent arrangements experience has rendered perfect, im- preeven the visiter with some idea of the magnitude of the salt business. The whole of those works are under a faithful superintendence, and are alike a source of revenue and pride to the State of New York and its central city, —Syrecuse Journa Munrrany.— We learn that two companies of the oth le ae were mustered out of service at Now- port, R. 1, on Tuesday, and that about 100 of those who received their dire! torday, via the Provitono August WM, 6 arrived in this city yor ailrond,—Hoston Courier, We still see, in public promenade and carriage | White taffeta | -NEW YORK, -FRIDAY, AUGUST 2 | other loss than theirtime. ‘The result isa sufficient | ©'Teumstances can they be placed where they are | reproof ; so we need not stop to ask what the | unable to turn their condition to good account, | | | | in the visionary projects which are starting into ; existence, hke mushrooms, all around us, | | | that the little change that has been made is of a geno- | the necessi ginghams : the two first are always made in the redin- | fairto become one of the most important villages | { | | of alow bridge. There 18 little doubt that Mid- Eyeninc Divss—Hend-dress of hair ila Madonna, | Scheme will prove an abortion ; for, beside the , 1848. Winpitam, Conn, August 21, 1818, Politics in Connecticut—The Herald and é: Correspondence. The Yankees are enterprising People, and inno Their propensity to come down like a cat, ever “right side up,’ is recognised and appreci the world over. Nor was that m toa rock, would manage, either by hook or crook, to keep soul and body together. This Yankee go-a-headitiveness 1s the life of our gienede Union ; and though it not untre- uently shipwrecks its indivual possessor, it sel- | dom fails to redound to the advantage of the pub- | le. The proposition 18 wWlustrated by our railroad | system. There are in the United States some | thousands of miles of railroad in active operation ; | one hundred various lines, connecting almost | every considerable city, town and village through- out the entire country. Yet of these hundred dit- ferent lines, how few there are which have re- sponded to the expectations of those who have lavished their wealth noon tneir construction! One would imagine that the capitalist: who watches the sales of stocks reported in the Herald, would hesitate long before investing lis money | Such, however, is not the fact. With the know- | ledge that $100 of railroad investment frequently | depreciates, in a few years, ten, twenty, forty, and | sometimes seventy per cent.—with the knowlege that many existing lines declare no dividends, or pay them with money borrowed for that express purpose, Sarptaliata are still relaxing their purse- | strings, and embarking their means upon an un- known ocean. Let us not be understood as ob- jecting to allthis. Success to the ratlroad system ! itis the same to the body politic as the arterial and veinous systems are to the body physical; and though it 1s nursed by the riches of the mo- neyed aristocracy, such nursing is only a generous yet involuntary contribution which wealth pays to ities of the community, The borough of Willimant situated ona river of the same name as the bo- rough itself, possessing great facilities for manu- facturing purposes, and surrounded by a fertile and enchanting country. as already some six or ght large mills insuccesstul operation, and bids & in this town. Railroad Mania—The Presidential Campaign | ted | half hour of pleasure gained.” lunatic who | rey | said that a New England Yankee, chamed down THE NEW YORK HERALD. * TWO CENTS. { shrewdly guess that somewhe. will be found ina “Cass and Butler” neighborhood. The Herald is read here with infinite relish. “What a cunning dog that ‘ere ‘Doctor’ is” —~aaid an old veteran to me the other day, a6 he rose from the perusal of your correspondent’s letter of the Sth inst, on the last night in the Semate, on the Oregon bill. It does me good to read such let- ters,” he contraned—“thank him for mi, my boy, and say an old man’s blessing is on htm fore 7 Opoumu.0cK. Camuriper, Mass., Aug. 22, 1543. Cambridge College Commencement—Foundtion of a Scientific School, §e. Perhaps you, Mr. Fditor, and your numerow readers, would like occasionally to hear what is going on at this ancient and revered college. It was the first college established in this country, and has always been looked upon as the first im America ; Yale, perhaps, is as good ; but then itis not as well cared for as this. Just to think of the magnificent endowment made not leng since, by Mr. &. Lawrence, of $100,000, for the foundation of ascientific school. That munificence is al- most without a parallel—he is one of the true men of the land,—the people would have honored him, had it not been for some of his friends at the Phi- ladelphia convention, A large brick house has been erected, designed for the scientific school.— Professor Agassis, as 1s well known, is one of the professors in the school—a man, whcse fame ie not confined to this country ; he 13 as well, if not better, known in the seientifie world Ogphe conti- nent of Europe, as in Cambridge. 9 A large number of students are expected to be in college next term. The number of freshmen who willenter, is unusually great. Every department incollege, will present great advantages to the seeker after knowledge. ‘The law school will be- gin under more favorable auspices than it has for some terms back. There are two profecsors— Judge Parker, (formerly Chief Justice of New Hampshire.) who commenced his labors last term; Mr. Parson’s was appointed this vacation, and also, Mr. Dexter, who supplies the pace made vacant by the death of Mr. Wheaton—he 1s not properly a professor, but a lecturer. Commencement takes place oa the 23d. The city on that day is very crowded, and it is almost impossible for any stran- ger to gain admittance into the chureh; soif you have Soy facia who are coming, tell them not to tarry. If it were not for the college here, this vil- Jage would net be of much importance ; I suppose in the State. Its central position and its great need of better means of transportation have attracted to it the attention of railroad men, and it is just now beginning to feel assured that it is soon to be blessed with railroad facilities. No less than three lines—the famous “airline” from New York to 3oston, the Hartford and Providence, and the NewLondon, Willimantic and Springfield—are laid ont diree‘ly through Willimantic last two will certainly be built. As forth or, as it is familiarly styled here the *‘ air-tight,” itis a ject not destined soon to be consummated. he Connecticut river, at Middletown, is an insu- perable obstacle to its construction. A low bridge, even with an eighty-five feet draw, would scarcely permit the passage of such a stream as the noble Connecticut ; avd it is, in our opinion, hardly questionable whether the courts would permit such a bridge to stand, in prejudice of the trade of a city like Hartford, especially when a suspension, like that in progress of erection at Niagara, or a ferry, as at Albany, would answer all the purposes dletown has been indulging the idea of killing two birds with one stone—of connecting herself with Boston and New York by railroad, and, at the same time, diverting a portion of the trade of Hartford to her own wharves Be this as it may, we fear the “airline” difficulty of raising the necessary means of con- struction, even with the aid of all the arts of all the kinds of humbuggery and knavery imaginable, The obstineey with which Hartford opposes the project would knock the brains out of any scheme having no better founded pretensions than the one ip question, The ery of ‘ repeal,” which Hartford still continues, would fix the fate of the ‘atr- | Ine” without auxiliary aid. | But when she applies | herself to the work of building a rival road font } Connecticut nver to Providence—thns supplying | aconvenient link in the line of road from Boston | to New York—she effectually extinguishes that last | faint spark of vitality which has kept the ‘ air- line” warm for the last year. The construction of the Iartford and_Provi- cennce road 18 no longer problematical. The dis- tance from Hartford to Willimantic, (some thirty miles,) is all under contract, ana ground has been broken at various pomts along the line. Work- men are also engaged upon the bridge at ITartford, and within fifteen months the road will be in full operation to Willimantic. The extension to Pro- vidence will soon follow, and the business and trade of astern Connecticut will be diverted into new channels. \ The New London road, as far as Willimantic, | is also under contract, and the work is progressing | actively all along the Ime. By the terms of its charter, the company is required to expend the | sum of $200,000 upon that part of the road between New London and Willimantic before the 18th of June next ; and the work 1s evidently aflected by the stimulus of the requirement. Whether the road willeverbe extended to meet the Western road at Springfield or Palmer, is a problem which time alone can solve. These two roads, when completed, will doubt- less be a great accommodation to all this section of country. But whether they will accommodate the pockets of the stockholders is quite another question. They will most certainly be relieved of any inconvenient surplus of cash they may chance to have by them, and may also get their con- sciences quieted on the score of doing something for the public good. Further than this we deem ita matter cf sheer speculation to inquire, and shall leave itto other hands. Wemay add, how- ever, that the article in the Herald of the 18th inst , relative to the Norwich and Worcester road, ad- monishes us not to invest our funds in undertakings marvellously kindred to the one which the said article animadverted upon. The Presidential campaign his, at last, opened in.earnest. The several parties, with their several leaders, have abandoned the camp end connoll room, and taken to the open field. Anticipation 13 bafHled im the attempt to calculate the result of the conflict. We only know that the United States will have a new Dresident on the 4th of next March, provided the second adventists sufler the world to stand so long. The democrats, as a party, with the saving of a radical defection in the Em- pire State, seem to be pretty well united; and were it not for the question of slavery in the new territories, General Cass would get into the White House, without ena But the very arguments that serve him best atthe North, operate directly | against him in the South. His success hangs (if upon anything) upon the maintenance of his neu- trality. “Should he wink at the South, the North | 1s lost. Should he smile upon the North, the | South will kick out of the traces. “No legisla- tion for Territories,” is the only battle cry which | can lead him to victory in November. | As for General Taylor, had the election come off a year sooner, he, us a candidate, would have routed the enemy, horse, foot and dragoons. Un- fortunately for him, a, thousand influences, during the last year, have insiduously, yet certainly, been | undermining that great personal popularity which is his main dependence i the struggle. Should he fail to lead the whigs to a regular Buena Vista | triumph, that party may thank their own folly and madness for such a result. Nous verrons. We make no pretensions to the power of second sight, or mesneric prescience : yet we venture to predict that Mr. Van Buren will be found, after the 7th of November, where the race-course nags that ran against Eclipse were found—videlicet— All the States in the Union, we believe, t, all the free States, choose electors by general ticket; and in all but Massachusetts, a plurality elec In what Northern State can the Kinder ook juggler carry a plurality? In our hum- ble opinion, a cat in——, without elaws, would command move respect than Mr. Van Buren will receive at the hands of the electoral colleges of the North. ‘ After all, it matters but little to the country whether General Taylor or General Cass is elect- | ed; either would, doubtless, guard the best inte- rests of the people, and neither could disturb our existing internal policy, or check the progress of anti-slavery tendencies, The conflict 1s, defacto, a scramble for the spoils, and “every tan tor hum. self” is the sentiment that actuates the leaders of hi of the parties. Connecticut will vote for—the Lord knows who, Gen Cass’ chances for carrying the State are su- perlatively small—Gen, Taylor’s comparatively | tmaller, and the Kindethook juggler’s positively smullest than all, As in other States, the old whig party proper was thrown on its beamends by the or, at | action of the Philadelphia convention; and what- that more than half of the houses in the place were built as lodging places for the students; a great many are dependent upon the college tor their sub- sistence. Should these imperfect lines meet with any kind of favor, it willbe agreeable for you to hear from Harvard, occasionally. ‘The Klection of 1848, The Washington Union, in reply to a correspondent, puts forward the following statement, which must be regarded as the official estimate of the friends of Gencrals Casa and Butler. It will be seen that it differs but slightly from our statement of what we re- ded as the democratic estimate, and which we pub- in the Herald on the 17th inst. Io addition to the 153 votes claimed by the editor of the Union, we named North Carolina, 11; Georgia, 10, and Loui- siana 6, electoral votes—totai 180 votes, as claimed by the friends of Cass and Butler. But to the statement and remarks of the Union,— ‘We have declared of late, that we regard the election of Cass and Butler, as now safe in all human proba- bility—our friends of course, still continuing to do their duty, Our figures are as follows We poritively claim the following States for Cass and Butler: 9 Alabama. . Missouri . . Arkansas Maine ...... New Hampshire . Pennsyl Virginia Michigan. . South lown . : Ohio. . Texas oe... Mississippi Wisconsin . | Indiana. lilinois. . . oo @ Being seven votes more than are necessary to elect @ Total....... President. But, in addition to these States, we hold that Cass may now calculate with great confidence upon receiving the vote of— Georgia Louisiai Florida ... » la 6 We deem it proper to say, that we have not felt en- tirely confident of carrying all these last named States until quite reeontly, We are now, however, in poss sion of information as to the state of feeling in each of them, upon which we fully rely; and this information, added’to the result in North Carolina, and the spirit dixplayed at Buffalo, leaves little reasonable doubt on our mind that they will all three vote for Cass. He, however, will, in all human probability, be elected, as we have said, even without one of their 19 votes Of the remaining States we do not conceded to Taylor :— ‘Tennessee... Connecticut . New Jersey. Delaware. In each of +. 13 Maryland 6 North Caroli: 7 Sa. Total... these, as we think, the struggle is to be very clo eand doubtful. In Tennessee it will certain- ly be Fo, Unlers the best informed politicians are de- ved, Cass has full as good a chance for this State as Taylor. In calling the remaining five of these Inst named States very doubtful, we state our impressions only, formed upon the best information within our teach. We do not profess to know as much about them—especially New Jersey—as of the States which we have named before. Delaware, in 1944, gave Clay less than 300 majority; New Jersey, with near 80,000 votes, gave Clay «bout 800 majority; Maryland, with about 70,000 votes, gave about 3,000 whig majori- ty; while Tennessee, with 120.000 voter, gave Clay uisjority of 114. On the whole, then, we regard election of Cass and Butler as ure; and we believe that they .are quite as likely to secolve 200 electoral votes, as to receive less than 175." We think the editor of the Union weakens the force and effect of his statement by refusing to concede to Gen. Taylor, Florida, Tennessee, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland, all of which States are now in_ possession of the whigs, by the last elec- tiovs, and all (except Florida, which was not then» member of the Union) voted tor Mr Clay in 1844 As we have said before, we consider the following as the contested States, or the battle ground where the Presidential election is to be decided, vis:— Pennsylvania........26 Louisiana North Carolina. . «11 lowa...... Georgia. ..ee.00 sc 010 Wisconsin 0. & Obio. . eee 23 = Indiana. 1B: Tote iss .Vsiecs 00:00 To be elected, Cass and Butler must have 620f the electoral votes of the above States, in addition to the 84 conceded to them by the whigs. Taylor and Fill- more require 36 of these votes, in addition to the 110 conceded to them by candid democrats, We shall continue our statements of public opinion and proxpects in the con tested States, Law Intelligence. Svurneme Count, August 24.— Miss a. Hophel vs. B. Hawser—This is a suit under the new code, to recover damages for a breach of promise of marriage. The complainant states shortly,that the parties had been ac- quainted for 18 months; that, during all that time, the defendant bad been most assiduous in his attentions to the fair plaintiff, and requested her, at least = dozen times, fo marry him; that she consented to do so, and afterwards requested him to perform his pro- mise; but that be then and there refused; where! she sustained damage to the amount of $1000, and prayed relief, &. Tothis short and pithy statement, the plaintiff filed an answer of which the following i: copy verbatim and fiteratim :—“Defendant he bas promised A. Hophel to marry her; t! promised and agreed to marry him; and th requested him to aoe her. Therefore, pally out ofthe reason that the plaintiff is not fit, as for the stature, to marry.and had no damages at all.she cannot beentitied to summon for a money demand of $1000 in the nature of pecuniary damages.the case may be opened, the witness to be reserved, and trial had at the city and county of New York.--August 22, 1848.--B. sor. It will be seen that Mr. Hawser. by his plead- ing, does not deny the soft impeachment, adroitly raises a new issue—and a very new one indeed); for it is the first time we ever heard that @ lady was precluded from coming into a court of justice to seek redress in consequonce of being under size; but Mr. Hawser bas distinctly raised the issue. Here it is:—“and principally out of the reason that the plaintiff is not fit, a8 for the stature, to marry.” The decision in this cause will be most important, not only to Miss Hophel, but to the ladies in general, much it will determiae whether she herself suM@eient stature to marry or not; and a rule w i, doubtless, be made, by which Indies who may be simi- larly cireumstanced hereafter are to be measured. their exact height in feet and inches asoertained, | be- fore they can bring an action for a breach of promise of marriage against @ faithless awain, We shail, therefore, watch this cause with the most imtense nd report the proceedings in extenso x Count, August 24—At Chambers—Before Judge Vanderpoe!— Habeas Corpus—Catharine Walsh, detained on Blackwell's [sland under the vagrant act, was brought up and discharged, on oe ground of error the record of conviction. ease Hilbert aU. § soldier, was also discharged, on ¢ ground of being & minor. eee Louis A. Sampson, and several others, part of ihe crew of the frigate Cumberland. wore brought before Chief Justice Oakley, and claimed their discbarge om, the ground of minority, They were remanded, the evidence not being deeomed vafft- Cent ion Puras, August 24—At Chambers--B judge Daly Mary Kearney and Rossons Smith, dv- tained on Blackweil’s Island under the veyrant aot were drechergd, beceteo of orrot in th records of ever it does, 1s from enprice, not principle, Connecticut will count one somewhe eonvicticn