New Britain Herald Newspaper, November 4, 1915, Page 10

Photos by American Press Association. l~Interior French shell factory. 2.— Lowering 30,5 centimeter shells into tempering vat. 3, 5, 6 and 7.—Girl workers in Scotch ammunition fac- tori 4.— English clergyman at work in vestry which he turned into ammunition factory. VEN with millions of men and the most modern rifles and artillery an army is practi- cally useless unless provided with an ample supply of ammunition. The nations now at war realize this, and many experts believe that in the end the side which has the last shell will be the victor. As a result of this all England and France have turned their hands to the manufacture of munitions. Little is known in this country about the am- munition factories in Germany, as the German censor allows no news of this nature to pass. It is known, however, that the Krupp works, where the guns and shells are made, are the largest in the world, and, judging from the num- Yer of shells they have used since the deginning of the war, it is seen that their supply has been inexhaustible. The retreat of the Russians was due in a large measure to their shortage of wmmunition. Dispatches told how the szar's men stood up under the Teuton fire to the last ditch and then fought by the fire from the German guns. It has also been said that many Russian guns have been captured only after the last shell had been fired. All Sides Realize Needs. u The British and French realize this and as a result have exerted their best efforts in forcing the Dardanelles so that the supply of Russian ammuni- tion might be augmented. Other fe- ports tell of the ammunition shortage now being felt by the Turkish armies, but the truth of these statements has never been established. It is known, however, that the Germans used every diplomatic method known to gain the consent of Roumania to be allowed to send munitions across this neutral war opened a year ago, were absorbed in society and engaged in only orna- mental charity are showing their met- tle in doing work as different from that as the rough life in the trenches must be different to their aristocratic hus- bands and sons. This is especially true with the ladies who serve at the can- teens which have been established through private funds at Woolwich ar- senal and at the different munition factories and dockyards, as well as at the large railroad stations in London, for the purpose of serving something substantial to eat, with hot coffee and tea, to the munition workers and to the soldiers passing through London. Caste and social prestige seem to be country to aid thelr Turkish allies. British Women Aiding. with bayonets, only to be mowed down The British women who, when the almost forgotten at these canteens and army buffets, the women working to- gether in frank comradeship. The women live at the training hos- tel, Lesney House, a pretty old fash- ioned mansion which has been es- pecially fitted up by Mrs. Moir, the wife of the chief of the inventions branch of the munitions board. It has pleasant gardens, but the workers have small time to enjoy them during the week end, and the housekeeping is of the simplest nature, the food being ade- quate, but plain. The women must enter into an agree- ment for a six months’ stay before they will be accepted for training, and they must also agree to offer no suggestions regarding the forewomen under whom they work. The managers at the works absolutely reserve the privilege of appointing their own forewomen., Through this assistance the factory is kept open seven days a week, ana the output has substantially increased. At Vickers' huge works at Barrow-in- Furness they have taken on*300 extra women and are making arrangements to accept 1,000 more, but the smaller factory at Erith is at present better suited to the training of the workers. Lady Lawrence's Canteens. Lady Lawrence, whose husband, Baron Lawrence, is on duty as captain of a battalion in a Bedfordshire regi- ment, has taken the initiative in form- ing the munition makers' canteen com- mittee, which started its work in the face of violent opposition. The gently born women who work in it are on duty at Woolwich through the night until early morning, their principal purpose being to serve the men with hot tea and coffee as they come from the ar- senal between 4 and-5 a. m. at the end of the twelve hour shift. The public houses (saloons) are thus deprived of the company of hundreds of tired men who were accustomed to stream through their doors every morning. Lady Lawrence was finally able to persuade the war department to allow her assistants access behind the high walls of Woolwich arsensal, and the women begin to arrive at the railroad station at Woolwich along about mid- night, clad in oilskins and stout high boots if the weather is inelement and cold, as it often is at that hour of the morning. They have to walk to the arsenal gates along a road unlighted by a single lamp, as the authorities take no chances of Zeppelins discover- ing the exact location of their munition factory. Their personal protection from cold and rain within the arsenal SRR L Y 2 % S grounds is an old stable near the gates which has been turned over to th and one of their number has had & small bed placed there where the wo« man can rest who must come before midnight in order to get the tea and coffee urns in readiness for the sery. ing. The Work They Have to Do. The corps of helpers, working in re. lays from a volunteer list of 8000 make hundreds of gallons of tea coffee every night at Woolwich, cul ting up bread and cake enough for & regiment, and when the men, 500 at a time, begin to swarm toward the gates the women are at hand, ready to ladle out something hot to drink from the long line of cans placed on milk carts, which can be wheeled in different di- rections. Every cart has its royte mapped out in advance, and an efficfent woman commander stands on guard to issue directions and see that they carried out. At 6 o'clock the nl shift men have all been fed and are gone, and tens of thousands of day shift men arrive at the arsenal to be- gin their work, but these have had breakfast at home and do not need at« tention until they are quitting, when the temptation to resort to the publie houses is the strongest. The women clean out their milk cans and big urns and then take the train back to Lon~ don. One of the most diligent workers at the Woolwich arsenal canteen is the daughter of a distinguished general with the army in France, and many of the women are well known in society. Lady Lawrence and her commlttee are establishing such canteens at all the munition factories and running them entirely through private sub- scription and against the opposition of the liquor interests. New Commander at Annapolis Faces Many Special Tasks as Result of Fhoto by American Press Assoclation. Captain HE responsibilities of a super- intendent of the Naval acad- emy are heavy at best, but the special situation at this insti- _tution at present makes the work of | Captnin Bdward W. Eberle, who as- ‘surncd charge Sept. 20, particularly pus and difficult. - -e special tasks which face the new . guperintendent are: " | Giving effect to the various recom- mendations made by the court of in- quiry which investigated matters re- Jating to the conduct of examinations n - A memm A Changes Edward W. Eberle and two views of Annapolis. and recitations, which report was ap- proved by the secretary of the navy. 2. Taking further action in the cases of nearly 200 members of the class which graduated last year and the present first class, who were shown by the evidence produced by the court of inquiry to have had advance informa- tion about the examination in modern language! 8. Taking steps to determine the ex- tent of hazing at the institution and to suppress the practice, In connection with the first of these [ matters it will be remembered that the court reached the conclusion that the whole system of indicating in some way the character of the examination in the different subjects was inadvis- able. This means that a radical change must be made in the system of instruction at the Naval academy. In most departments it has been the prac- tice to devote about one month of the four constituting a term to reviewing the matters which are regarded as most important and which the midshipmen naturally infer will be the subjects | the members of the class to study, most dwelt upon in the examination. This practice is at the bottom of the “dope” system which figured so largely in the proceedings of the now historic court. Sometimes “dope” amounted to nothing more than the conclusions the midshipmen would reach about the amination from the points most dwelt upon in the classroom. At other times, timony, instructors n portions of the ch it would be advisable for and at other times would go so far as to indicate certain limitations which would include the examination. One of the most important recommendations of the court was that the instruction should be of such a nature that the av- erage midshipman could pass the ex- amination in the subject without any special help Other recommendations were not so radical. The changeg in the methods of preparing examination papers and guarding them will be put in effect without difficuity, and the sections can easily be arranged alphabetically in- stead of according to class standing, In this work Captain Eberle probably will have the help of the “academic aid,” an official suggested in the report of the court. It is rumored that this position is to be filled by Captain George R. Clark, formerly commandant of midshipmen. Of extreme interest is the direction of the department that a further in- vestigation be conducted into the cases of the large number of midshipmen who were shown to have had posses- sion of considerable advance informa- tion on the examination in modern languag One of the important lines of investigation pursued by the court was for the purpose of developing the facts concerning the distribution of the advance information. Nearly every member of the two upper classes who was on the stand stated that he be- lieved 90 or 95 per cent of his class- mates had a substantial portion of the examination, and witnesses named a large proportion of the members of each class as having this information. The evidence brought before the court never fully explained the wide- spread distribution of advance infor- mation on the modern language exami- iations. According to the evidence members of the first and second classes only obtained access to the information mailed to Midshipman Moss at half past 9 on the evening before the ex- amination, yet nearly the whole of these two classes—more than 300 midship- men in all—had the greater part of the information. Lord Readifig Has Risen From Bottom To Head of British Financial World HE appointment of Lord Read- ing (Sir Rufus Daniel Isaacs) to head the committee of British and French bankers who came to this country in the en- deavor to arrange for a loan of $1,000,- 000,000 is truly a tribute to the ability of one who has risen from the bottom to the top. ~ He is a surprising man. To start one’'s career by making a sad hash of things on the Stock Exchange and to finish as lord chief justice of England —every generation a few people achieve careers as remarkable, and there is nothing out of the way in a man’s be- coming a lord chief justice if his in- clinations are of that kind. But of those who rise to eminence few have pursued so incalculable a path. Less than four years ago there was a quite considerable demand for his expulsion from public life; today he sits supreme over British judges. Sir Rufus’ early experiences on the Stock Exchange before he embraced the more lucrative profession of poli- tics and the bar were entirely to his credit as a man if unflattering to his abilities as a stockbroker. He might have taken that first essay as proof that he was never meant for success as a financier and so avoided his recent misfortunes. His original inclination was to become a sailor, and once he was on the point of running away to sea in quite the grand manner of ro- mance. But wiser counsels prevalled, and he went by way of the Stock Ex- change to the bar as a practicing bar- rister. There was something birdlike about his aspect in wig and gown—an agile alertness, a swift, clean keenness that made him stand out from the row of barristers in court like a bold pen drawing against a background of gray wash. Commerce was his specialty. There was once an important com- mercial case in which he was engaged, as usual, against Sir Edward Carson. He had been cross examining an obsti- nate witness for a day and a half. For much of that weary time he had been striving vainly to extract a certain point that he wanted very badly, He could not get it. He worked on and on—Dp! nt, polite, persistent—wearing the witness down little by little, and at Photo by American Press Assoclation, J. P. Morgan (left) His emotionless manner vanished like a wraith. For an instant another man looked out of his eyes. He laughed last, quite suddenly, out came the pre- cise thing that he wanted. 2 with a curious, giggling chuckle. He spoke, and there was, for the first and and Lord Reading. last time the spectators had ever heard it in his voice, a distinet trace of Jewish lisp. His face was alight the exaitation of the hunter who Jjust brought down difficult game