Evening Star Newspaper, April 22, 1940, Page 9

Pride Clouds Mexican Qil Issue Cardenas Allowed People to Believe U. S. Wos Passive By DAVID LAWRENCE. Pride as an obstacle to the settle- ment of international disputes has appeared often in recent history, but never so pointedly as in the controversy be- tween the Mex- ican government : and the United States Govern- ¥ ment relative to the seizure of the oil proper- ties of American citizens. 1 For more than two years now the Mexican people have been given to under- stand by their government that the Washington David Lawrence. administration really the seizure; in fact, looked with | sympathetic interest on it. This untruth has been allowed to grow. Now when the formal note of the United States Government. sent on didn't mind | | eight months. | by present appearances, is no more | & Syrian immigrant guilty of fratricide. Syrian brother-killers have small | appeal for V. THE EVENING The Capital Parade Economy Held Feasible, but Its Adherents Know the White House Has the Key By JOSEPH ALSOP and ROBERT KINTNER. In the present congressional session, two striking facts have been successfully demonstrated—that governmental economy is still feasible, but that it is not feasible without the co-operation of the White House. The demonstration has been chiefly made by a small group of Democratic moderates and conservatives, among whom the House leader is Repre- \ sentative Clifton A. Woodrum. E\Fé“ \ Y Bary, \ o o At the moment, Woodrum is \ALE grimly fighting the President’s de- mand to be allowed to spend.all the $975,000,000 relief appropriation in The battle, to judge ) than a rear-guard action, yet Wood- rum is a decidedly significant figure., ¥ He_ is the type of those conservative cllle{talns whose rebellion in the ranks of his own party has given the Rresident so much more trouble than the frontal attacks of the Republicans. The Office of Education Like most of the Democratic conservatives, Woodrum is a Southerner and a political veteran. He was born in Roanoke, Va., 53 years ago. His formal education was brief, for when he was 13 family financial troubles forced him to leave school and go to work, first as an errand boy and then as a soda jerker. While dispensing sundaes, he studied pharmacy, and became a licensed pharmacist. Then, while compounding prescriptions he studied law (his father was a lawyer). His break came before he was 30, when a Jjudge assigned him to defend irginia juries, but young Woodrum got his client off with a Jail sentence by finding a character witness who described the Syrian rescuing young children in a flood. He was thereupon elected Roanoke’s public prosecutor. In the prosecutor’s office he made a good reputation, and in 1922 he was elected to Congress. He has been there ever since. Tall and pleasant-looking, with a sonorous voice and a rather solemn manner, he was a good companion. He was also an able man, industrious | April 3, 1940, is made public and it reveals that the American Gov- | ernment does not believe in the con- fiscation of private property by any government unless adequate com- pensation is arranged for, the Mex- | ican government is at its wits ends to know what to do. Dispatches from Mexico City tell of the means being used to arouse national pride to the point where to yield to the American note is difficult if not im- possible. But the present situation would never have arisen if truth and full publicity had been permitted to permeate to the Mexican people. | Thus, on March 26, 1938, the United States Government wrote & note | which made virtually every point that has been made in the note of April 3, 1940. But the earlier note has never been made public. The Mexican government objected and the Washington Government de- ferred to its wishes in the hope of advancing a settlement. “Pride” Blocks Arbitration. The controversy is not difficult to understand. Any government | may seize the property of foreigners if it wishes to do so, but must pay for the properties seized. It is a bad policy to seize foreign property because it discourages investment in the future, but once seizure is made there must be prompt pay- ment. The Mexican government does not have the financial resources to pay for the oil properties. It has made several suggestions of a vague character about paying for the properties out of future oil taken from the wells over a period of | years. This is not prompt or ade- | quate compensation within the meaning of the term in interna- tional relations. The United States Government has asked that the controversy be submitted to arbitration. This the Mexican government, according to latest reparts, is about to decline because of Mexican “pride,” which Dresumably in this instance fears| the result of an impartial adjudica- | tion. | ‘The truth of the matter is that | the Mexican labor unions, ‘ aged by Communist philosophy, | have forced the Mexican govern- ment to confiscate the oil properties and now that the wells are in the | government’s hands all sorts difficulties of management and wage disputes have arisen. What is termed “pride” may also be the political pressure of the labor unions, which. incidentally, are counting on the support of the C. I. O., whose leader went to Mexico not so long | ago and delivered an address sym- pathetic with their cause. U. S. Position Is Final. But the die has been cast here. The United States Government has | taken its final position. If arbi- tration is rejected the Congress of | the United States will receive full detalls of the controversy and ac- tion will be up to both houses.| ‘There have been reports that Con- gress would cut off the silver sub- eldy on which Mexico counts so much. But this is an unfortunate | coupling of two things that are really unrelated. The silver sub- sidy to the rest is on the way out anyway, irrespective of the outcome of the controversy with Mexico about oil. Within the next year the silver subsidy on imports will be a thing of the past. The trend here Is to remove the silver subsidy while President Car- denas is in office on the theory that if it is to be removed anyhow it/ Fe Ak e Aok ok koA sk ke kokdeok ok odokok ¥ XXX RUGS & CLEANING REP When Hinkel Cleans Your Rgs —and Carpets, they are properly cleaned . . . restored to their original br Lowest Prices for Finest Work Rugs and Carpets STORED for the Summer and INSURED for Full Value! P ORIENTAL RUGS Washed and Repaired by Our Expert Weavers on the Premises Telephone HObart 1171 “The Best Known . . . Known as the Best’—Since 1875 | period of many years but President in the study of legislation, impressive on the floor and shrewd in com- mittee. Before long he was accepted as a member in good standing by the small inner circle of Representatives who really run the House. Back in the days of the “Office of Education.” he was always one of those who got the nod when Nicholas Longworth or John N. Garner came on the floor about 5 p.m. to summon the afternoon’s company to their little retreat. Indeed, his first emergence as an economy leader was traceable to his membership in the Longworth-Garner group. John McDuffy also belonged to it, and when McDuffy. ran for the speakership against Henry Rainey, Woodrum was his chief supporter. Consequently, when the President sent his economy message to Congress in the wild spring of 1933, Rainey sought | to punish McDuffy and Woodrum by giving them the politically dangerous | task of leading the economy fight. | Curious Phenomenon Although Woodrum is only the third senior Democrat on the House Appropriations Committee, he is the most influential member, and the undoubted economy leader. It was to him and to Lindsay Warren of | North Carolina that Senators Harrison and Byrnes turned for help, when they decided that it would be better to cut the President's budget than to | raise taxes or increase the debt limit. Owing to the President’s non- support, and the Senate’s break on the farm bill, the economy effort has | failed. Next year the debt limit will certainly have to be increased. Yet | the fight has shown that economy is certainly possible. ‘Woodrum really feels deeply about economy, and harangues doubters | about it interminably. Once he asked a doubter, “How in hell do you | expect to go on back to an intelli- gent constituency and explain this| situation?” “That don't bother me,” replied | the doubter, “because my constitu- | ency isn’t intelligent.” | The doubter’s implied agree- ment with Woodrum's argument | suggests one of the two reasons why | the economizers’ fight has been so surprisingly effective. The majority of members of Congress, however | they vote, are with the economizers at heart. The other reason is that | the economizers are far more experienced and more respected leaders | than the Claude Peppers and Jerry Voorhises who captain the other side. | Indeed, it is one of the really curious and inexplicable phenomena of our times that the great and powerful New Deal movement, after seven con- | tinuous years of power, has produced no congressional chieftains of com- | parable stature with the hard-shelled conservatives like Woodrum and the moderates like Byrnes, (Released by the North American Newspaper Alliance, Inc.) SN 1h Rany o YeuR Np, | ought not to be a factor handi- in Mexico, who believe in looting capping the new President when |private property have insidiously the term of the present incumbent |been endeavoring to influence the ! runs out this year. | Mexican government. To let the Mexican-American relations have | case go to arbitration would at once | been rather friendly now over a|be a blow to Communism in Mexico | and to the misguided radicals who | have been willing to sacrifice the good relations of their country with their northern neighbor rather than Cardenas, possibly helpless because of the dictatorship which labor unions maintain over his policies, has failed to strengthen the bonds, espe- |let a fair tribunal of international cially at a critical time in the world. | standing take evidence and reach a Mexico is plainly in the wrong. To | binding verdict. To reject arbi- take something that does not belong ‘ tration is to refuse processes of rea- to you is to violate an old rule of [son and to insist on the right of | human conduct, and for a govern- |seizure by force—a doctrine which ment to take it without paying 10r"thus far has led only to tragedy it is so widely condemned as without | throughout the world. conscience that it is difficult to see | why the “pride” of a nation which | indulges in such wrong-doing must be saved. t ¥4*¥**¥¥¥¥4¥ Mexico is a country which has had | I1¢s the : | plenty of friction with the Catholic | | Church on political grounds but | FLAGS“'P cL“' | never have her leaders professed any | when the smart abandonment of the Christian faith. » To acknowledge error and to undo | a wrong is a fundamental principle of Christian doctrine. The Mexican government would win the plaudits of Latin America and the United States if in the present circum- stances it brushed aside “pride” in favor of the right. The Communists poung set “steps out” Good times, rain or shine. Mar- velous food, superb drinks, joyous entertainment, merry music. DINNERS Served from 6 to 9:30. $1.00 to $1.50 Minimum $1.00—Sat., $1.50 (Min Waived for Dinner Guests) “UPPER DECK FUN" ® Magic Music by SAM KOR- MAN'S ORCHESTRA. BROOKE JOHNS entertains. Cocktails and Vintage Wines, aristocratically served. Reservations—NA. 0069 * * * »* * PIPES REPAIRED TOBACCOS BLENDED dhkkkkkkhkkkk ™ ~ = Bid CARPETS ATRING 81 ightness and beauty. HINKEL & CO. 600 Rhode Island Ave. N.E. | strength I possess.” Aus NG | % ? | N o . STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MONDAY, APRIL 22, 1940. T HE opintons of the writers on this page are their own, not necessarily The Star’s. Such opinions are presented in The Star’s effort to give all sides of questions of interest to its readers, although such opinions may be_ contradictory among themselves and directly opposed to The Star’s, Washington Observations Reorganization Plan, Hitting C. A. A. and Air Safety Board, Arouses Bitterness By FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Reorganization plan No. 4, with proposed emasculation of the Civil Aeronautics Authority. and abolition of the Air Safety Board, has flared into one of the bitterest controver- sies of the tempestuous New Deal. As on the occasion of other “re- forms” advocated by the President, his project to sabotage C. A. A. has aroused strong bipartisan opposi- tion. It threatens as fierce a feud with Congress as the original re- organization program, which House and Senate finally tore to pieces. Plan No. 4 will go into effect June 11 by executive order, unless meantime defeated by concurrent congres-| sional action. | Leaders in the effort to prrserve" C. A. A. and the Air Safety Board | in their present efficient state are confident of killing the plan before | Mr. Roosevelt is empowered to en-| force it. Senator Austin of Ver-| mont, ranking minority member of the Senate Military Affairs Com- mittee and a member of the Inter- | state Commerce Committee, heads vigorous Republican opposition. Equally determined Democratic hos- tility is led by Senator Pat McCar- ran of Nevada, sponsor of the law which created the independent agency which the administration would reconvert now into a puppet subdivision of the Department of Commerce. * ok k% F..D. R.s Motive a Mystery. Exactly what inspired the Presi- dent suddenly to pronounce the death sentence of C. A. A. is a deep- dyed mystery., To spring it, he chose about as’ inauspicious a mo- ment as could be imagined. It had just been announced that the United States’ airlines had com- pleted one year of perfect flying security—2,028,817 passengers flown for a total of 87,325,145 miles with- out a single fatality among pilots, crews or passengers. This stainless world record, compared to the cas- ualty lists recorded in pre-C. A. A days, beginning with the killing of 11 airmail pilots in 1934. is little short of miraculous Why the White House, on the heels of such a showing, chose to undermine the organization which made that achievement possible, baffles all concerned, including the country at large. To get to the bottom of it all is the determination of both Demo- crats and Republicans in Congress. Senator McCarran declares resent- ment is growing, in consequence of “waves of protest” arriving from all | parts of the Union. Senator Austin assails the scheme as an “attack on public safety and a challenge to the constructive forces of democ- racy.” The Vermonter “will oppose the project with every ounce of says the lan is evidence of an attempt again to subject aviation to the destructive forces of political domi- nation.” Another powerful Senate opponent of it is Burt Wheeler, Democrat, of Montana, chairman of the Senate Interstate Commerce Committee. HOW SHALL | | Labor | suggests | against air safety is just another House Sponsor Also Opposed. Objections are no less manifest in the House of Representatives. Representative Lea, Democrat, of California, co-author of the 1938 C. A. A. and Air Safety Board law, refused at first to commit himself on the President’s inexplicable rec- ommendations, but at the end of last week Mr. Lea, strong supporter of many New Deal measures and one of the best-informed men in Congress on flying affairs, told Ansel E. Talbert, aviation editor of the New York Herald Tribune, who spent five days in Washington ex- ploring the administration’s mo- tives, that the Californian has finally concluded it “would be un- fortunate at this time to transfer C. A. A. to the Department of Com- | merce, because it would be against the best interests of aviation.” { Representative Woodrum of Vir- | ginia, leader of the House economy | bloc, joined Representative Jen- nings Randolph, Democrat, of West Virginia, in voicing opposition to the proposed move, as did Repre- | sentative Bradley, Republican, of | Michigan, a former npilot. Repre- sentative Halleck, Republican, of Indiana, another opponent, links the thrust at C. A. A. with the ad- ministration’s fight against pro- | posals to remodel the National! Relations Board. Halleck the unexplained drive | cockeyed brain wave of Harry Hop- kins' New Deal satellites. Three late senatorial opposition recruits are Vandenburg, Republican, of | Michigan, and Democrats Clark of | Idaho and Truman of Missouri. So | far Jimmy Byrnes of South Caro- lina is the only notable Senator pub- licly to espouse plan No. 4's upper- cut at the aviation regulation. Some of his colleagues think it is the potent Jimmy who sold the idea to F. D. R. Civil Aeronautics Chair- man Hinckley is said to be ready to | resign if the authority is reduced to a spineless Department of Com- merce bureau * ox % X Possible Explanation. While confessing themselves in the dark as to wiat inspired Mr. Roosevelt's proposal to hamstring | C. A. A, opposition leaders think it may have been the result of cer- tain grapevine reports of alleged differences within the body over control of funds. The Air Safety Board, contrary to popular belief, is virtually independent of C. A. A. Its sole function is to investigate accidents and recommend means to prevent recurrence. Phough there is no evidence of lack of harmony among Chairman Hinckley and his four colleagues, elements at both ends of Pennsylvania avenue may feel there is an absence of leader- ship, or what Secretary Ickes might call “iron in the blood,” in C. A. A.; and that faith in the authority may be shaken, in consequence, despite | its fine regulatory record. Other guesses ventured on Capitol | Hill are that the aviation lines are | . of combat troops. This Changing World War of Nerves Raging Throughout Europe, With Uncertainty Where Next Attack Will Come By CONSTANTINE BROWN. ‘Two wars are raging in Europe at the present time: The active war in Scandinavia and the war of nerves in all the other parts of Europe. It is evident to all observers who report to Washington that the sensational rumors about impending Italian, German and Japanese attacks are part of the scheme of the psychological staffs of the dictators. Tris does not mean at all that there is not the gravest threat to all the European neutrals—Swiss, Tutch, Yugoslavs and Greeks. But nobody knows where the next blow will fall, and it helps plans of the totalita- rians to have all the nations in the world—including the United States— in a state of jitters. The chief trouble is that Hitler and, Mussolini have succeeded in obtaining the initiative everywhere. The French and British are no less jittery than the neutrals. They don’'t dare disperse their forces too much because they don’t know where the Germans, and possibly | the Italians, may attack next. Eu-| rope is full of the most alarming rumors. These cannot be definitely checked; they all have a grain of truth and general staffs cannot af- | ford at this stage of the game to 2 % 2 | : argument leave themselves open to an unexpected attack. In connection with these rumors there were strange reports that al It was said that in many | lightning attack may come from Spain. Spanish airports, especially at Pampona, German and Italian bombers had been gathered to attack France across the Alps. Franco Leaning Toward France | These reports could not be verified. What is known is that Generalis- | His | simo Franco does not intend to go to war under any circumstances. personal feelings are leaning toward the French. All these facts have been verified. But, there are a few generals in responsible positions who envy Gen. Franco’s situation and believe they should have been at the head of the government. They profess to be strong partisans of the Italians and the Germans, and are said to be quite willing to become pawns in the hands of the Fuehrer or Il Duce. These generals believe Gibraltar should be Spanish and are convinced that under the present circumstances it would not be a difficult task for 50,000 or 60.000 Spaniards, well armed by the totalitarians, to push the British off the Rock. Ordinarily the British would consider such reports with a smile. But at present they are worried. The war preparations of the allies are sufficient to cope with the situation on the western front. But they have not enough material—especially airplanes—to meet situations on many fronts which may develop in the course of the next few weeks. Axis Powers Have 10,000,000 Trained Leaving the Russians out of the picture, it is estimated that the Italians and the Germans at the present time have something like 10,000,000 trained men. The French have about 4.000,000 mobilized or under orders to proceed immediately to their units and the British have a potential army of 2,500,000 men, but cnly about half a million actually trained for modern warfare. < Hence. 1f Italy decides to join the Reich, the axis will have, for a while at least, not only air superiority. but also a numerical superiority Hence, the ability of Herr Hitler and Il1 Duce to take the initiative on whichever front they choose. It has been reported in Wash- ington that the British Ambassador in Rome has laid his cards on the table and talked to Count Ciano, | Mussolini’'s Foreign Minister, about the ultimate consequences Italy may suffer in the. event she joins the Reich by attacking either Greece or Yugoslavia. The frank talk of the British Ambassador is reported to have set Il Duce thinking. The attack against either of the two Balkan states was reported to have been slated for last Saturday or Sunday. It has not occurred, and in some diplomatic quarters it is believed that the British envoy's conversations with Ciano had something to do with it. But in military quarters, th's report is received with a certain amount of skepticism. It would haw® induced Il Duce to pause for a while if the operations of the allies in Norway were more successful than they appear in press and other reports.” But if the Germans succeed in estab- lishing themselves in Norway and are able to repell all allied attempts to throw them out, there is no doubt in the minds of those observers that Mussolini will proceed according to plan. oy not as enthusiastic as they profess wrecking the supervision which plan to be over rigid control of their No. 4 would vitally weaken. A vehe- operations and seek more “freedom.” | ment opponent of the program is Some politicians, too, are suspected | David Behncke, president of the Air of panting to refasten their grip on |Line Pilots Association. He con- to “upset aviation” at the very mo- important factor in the Nation's i ment things are running so smoothly. life, and of not shrinking from WHAT TYPE BATHROOM & KITCHEN SHOULD WE HAVE ? HEAT MY HOME ? 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Now it is the Barden bill to amend the Federal Charles G. Ross. Wages and Hours Act which is being pressed on Congress as a measure of farm relief. Stalled off last year, the Barden bill is scheduled, along with other proposed amendments to the act, to come before the House late this week. Now the Federal Wages and Hours Act is not sacrosanct. Amend- ments have been proposed by the House Labor Committee which clearly should be adopted, particu- larly the amendment which would | exempt well-paid white-collar work= ers from the hours provisionsgf the act. But the bill of the North Caro= lina Representative, Mr. Barden, | proposing the exemption of more than a million workers engaged in the handling and processing of farm products, ought to be given short shrift Workers Are Low Paid. The workers whom Mr. Barden would take out from under the pro- tecting wing of the act compose one of the lowest-paid groups in the {country. They perform industrial, | not farm. labor. They are the peo=- ple who work at canning, packing | and other processing jobs that in- | tervene between the growing of | farm products and the time they | reach the retailer’s shelves. It would be as logical to exempt shoe factory emploves from the opera- tion of the act. on the ground that | they are engaged in preparing the | stockman’s hides for the market, as | to leave out these workers in can=- ning and other processing plants. What are the provisions from which “relief” is sought? They have nothing to do with farm labor, which is entirely outside the scope of the | Wages and Hour Act. The require= ment is simply, so far as the catee gories affected by the Barden bill are concerned. that there shall be a minimum wage of 30 cents an hour for a 42-hour 4vork week, or payment at the rate of $655.20 a year. This is the minimum standard that Con- gress has set for the industrial workers covered by the Wages and Hour Act. It doesn't appear on its face to be a standard calculated to wreck the American industrial sys- |an industry which has become an |siders it dangerous and undesirable |tém. The question may fairly be | asked whether any industry depend- ent for its existence on the payment of less than $655 yearly wage de- serves to survive. That question, however, may be waived. Congress has fixed the standard. ‘In an effort to protect marginal labor—labor which, by and large, is unable to protect itself | through collective bargaining—Con- | gress has fixed a “floor” for wages and a “ceiling” for hours. It has | done this not only to benefit the individual worker, but to benefit the industrial system —including the farmer — through increasing the buying power of the group at t bottom of the economic heap. Lir ited control over wages and hours, with these ends in view, is no longer mere economic theory; it is the law of the land. Favoritism Question Arises. The question, therefore, which the sweeping Barden bill poses for Congress is whether or not this con- trol is to be broken down for the advantage of certain favored em- ployers. Passage of the Barden bill would not only tear a gaping hole in the Wages and Hours Act, it would be a signal for further powerful drives to gain exemptions. The end could well be a complete riddling of the act. If it is to be knocked out or radically changed, let that result be achieved through an open and above board revision of policy by Congress, not through the adoption of killing amendments at the be- hest of pressure groups. Meantime the act represents the will of Con- gress and it ought to be given a chante. The plea that the Barden bill would help the farmer is wholly specious and should be met with a shattering vote against the bill. Like the clasp of a friendly hand... When a product is known for generations, it becomes a tradition. So with Eno. 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