Evening Star Newspaper, October 16, 1937, Page 15

> Books—Art—Music s FEATURES WITH SUNDAY MORNING EDITION he Foening Shar WASHINGTON, D. C., SATURDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1937. ARMY GAINS SPEED |- “Dream” Division, With Forces Riding to War, Is Tested in Texas, Matking Rev- olution in Combat Units. “Tanks vs. Ipfantry.” By Joseph S. Edgerton. VER dusty black - country roads and fields northwest of San Antonio, Tex., a “dream” division of the United States Army is moving before the watchful eyes of distinguished observers from ‘Washington and many of the Army posts of the country in a series of maneuvers which probably will result in one of the most vital shake-ups in Army organization in the recent mili- tary history of the Nation. Built around the organizations of the Regular 2d Division, the “dream” division fully justifies its name. It is an actual working out of the dreams of Army officers over the period since the World War of the ideal Army division. The result is an organiza- tion so radically different than the divisions which composed the Ameri- can Expeditionary Forces that even veterans have been startled. Streamlined for speed of maneuver and armed with the latest products of the scientific laboratories, the new division is expected to open a new phase in American military history. Since early September, components of the new division, from various parts of the United States, have been as- sembling and organizing themselves into the combat teams of tomorrow, training in units of ever-increasing size. On October 13, with all its components trained In their new duties, the complete division was brought together for a month of com- bined tests, which is to wind up in mid-November with & 600-mile cross- country march. The new division is only one-third the strength in man power of the World War division, but develops the same fire power and is capable of holding the same length of battle line. The weary marching into combat zones which has tried the endurance | of the world’s doughboys since war- fare began, is a thing of the past for the new division; its infantrymen ride to war, preserving their strength and | stamina for the ultimate test of the battlefield. 'HE new division has no brigade organizations. The grade of brigadier general is retained, although these officers no longer have brigades to command. There are two of them in the division, one acting as a com- bat adviser to the major general com- manding and as a combat “trouble- shooter.” He is available for service at any point of trouble, and may range from command of the advance to leadership of a flanking attack. He may command the two regiments in the battle line or the one left in re- serve or he may even command the reorganized Field Artillery regiment, as circumstances may require. The second brigadier is commander of the service of supply of the division, which has been entirely separated from the combat units. Every horse and mule has been eliminated from the new division, which is equipped with approximately 1,500 motor vehicles of all types, rang- ing from motor cycles carrying ma- chine guns to big “all purpose” trucks, which may carry infantrymen, sup- plies and equipment or which may be put to work in emergency snaking guns out of danger or moving field kitchens. The division Cavalry, robbed of its horses, is constituted into a new | type of reconnaissance squadron and | equipped with a swift, armored scout car and armed motor cycles for three platoons. Semi-automatic rifles are the stand- ard weapons of the infantrymen, the time-honored single-shot rifle hav- & Fort Meade, Md. weapons, the new division, composed of & few more than 12,000 officers and men, is able to match the full fire power of the World War division of more than 28,000 officers and men. Actual mobilization in Texas of the new division is the result of years of work and planning and dreaming on the part of Army officers of all grades, arms and services. It long has been realized that reorganization of the Army was inescapable as a result of development of new rapid-firing weapons and dependable, fast, motor- ing disappeared together with the Cavalry saber. With its automatic | ized equipment, which could go almost anywhere. After & pooling of the PLENTY OF MONEY IN EUROPE Representative Virginia Ellis’Jenckes Brings Back Optimism From Parliamentary Congress, and Reports That World Can Pay Debts and Still Hopes for Peace. By Lucy Salamanca. NE of our delegates to the Interparliamentary Congress at Paris has returned with a definite conviction that Europe could, if she so desired, pay her war debts. Representative Vir- ginia Ellis Jenckes, member of Con- gress from Indiana, declares that pros- perity was evident on eve:; hand in Europe and that wherever one went there was apparent the greatest ac- tivity in building. “They have money and plenty of it; money for munitions and money for gigantic housing proj- ects, and I am convinced that there is no reason why any defaulting na- tion should not pay its just obliga- tions to the ited States. That, at least, would make less money for purposes of war and they could use their munitions money for their hous- ing projects if they wished.” Just returned to Washington after what she terms a “wonderfully in- spiring and delightful trip” as dele- gate from the Congress of the United States to the International Parlia- mentary Union, recently concluded in Paris, Mrs. Jenckes brings back an encouraging picture of the great bene- fits to be derived from such interna- national gatherings. “They can do more to bring the people. of various nations together,” she declares, “than all the formal conclaves in the world. Only by such informal conferences, where one dele- gate can get in direct personal contact with another, can individuals ever come to any real understanding of one another’s philosophies, traditions and mental processes.” "T'HE Interparliamentary Congress was established in 1888 for the purpose of bringing delegates from the various parliaments of the world to- gether for discussion of world prob- Jems and with the hope of developing greater international understanding, tolerance and co-operation. With the exoception of the war years, the con- gress has met with excellent results. The union is made up of represen- tatives from 28 nations, and the United States is entitled to 14 dele- gates. As formally stated, the purpose of the Interparliamentary Union, “an instrument for the enlightenment and co-operation of parliamentarians from every quarter of the globe,” is to “unite in common action the members of all parliaments constituted into national groups, in order to secure the co- operation of their respective states in the firm establishment and the demo- cratic development of the wori: of in- ternational peace and co-operation between nations. At the beginning the avowed purpose was to promote arbitration as an effective method of settling international disputes and avolding international wars. Increas- ingly, since its foundation, its further object has been to study all questions of an international character suitable for settlement by parliamentary action.” The United States delegation this year was composed of Senatprs Bark- ley, La Follette, Minton, Thomas and McKellar, Representatives McMillan, Bierman, Luther Johnson, Jed John- son, Reece, Lanham and Representa- tive Virginia Jenckes, and Wilbur J. Carr and Dr. A. D. Call, executive sec- retary of the Interparliamentary Union, United States group. The sessions opened this year on the 30th of August and closed on September 8th. The three United States delegates who addressed the conference were Senator Barkley, Sen- ator Thomas and Representative Jenckes. All stressed the theme of peace in their talks, Mrs. Jenckes emphasizing women's present attitude toward war. “The American women,” she told the conference, “are castinz 50 per cent of the ballots. They will always use this voting power for adequate national defense, but never for aggression. The women of all nations can use their influence and should use it to create the sentiment that all hate war.” i The delegation was feted at teas, receptions, and special entertainments in Paris. They met in the Senate Chamber de Luxembourg and there was a special meeting in the Salle de Congres, with President Le Brun of the French Republic presiding. On the day Representative Jenckes ad- dressed the gathering, the presiding officer descended from the high plat- form where his seat was located, to congratulate her personally upon the views she had expressed, and to tender the hope that all nations would take her message to their hearts, MR-S JENCKES returns with the impression that the world still wants peace, despite the tumult and the fury in the Old World. The Eng- lish delegates, especially, she says, showed great interest, as well as the Irish and Swedish delegates. “You couldn’t get near the German delegation,” Mrs., Jenckes told me; “they would not discuss things with one informally as representatives of other nations did. But the French press was very cordial and accepted the views of the convention in a markedly sympathetic manner. Spain was represented by the radical element. The Loyalist party was not repre- sented.” Mrs. Jenckes joined friends in Munich, at the clode of the sessions and motored with them to Nuremburg, Frankfort, Cologne, Brussels, and through all southern England. “Everywhere,” she said, “I was im- pressed with the extensive building programs that were underway. m construction of great numbers houses was certainly evidence of pl'o- perity on all sides. In England, 1 asked about the financing of this project, how the money was raised | and how the workingmen's homes that were going up were being paid for. They told me the program had been financed in part by local goverments, in part by private capital and in part by the national government. “In England, apparently three sets of plans had been used. The first was for a cottage type of home; the second was the double house; and the third was the larger separate house. But without exception every house had its own garden or ‘back yard,’ its space for flower beds, and distinct individu- ality in construction. Each one was really a home, and gave an impression of contributing to the happiness and comfort of living. The plumbing and baths were modern.” VISITING Germany, Mrs. Jenckes reported that everywhere she traveled in that country there were signs of great building activity. “At every railroad station,” she said, “lumber was piled high, ready for shipment to the scene of construction. As in England, they are launched on a tremendous building program of workmen'’s homes. I saw no sign of poverty anywhere. Everybody in Germany seems to be working. The crops were in marvelous shape, the harvests abundant. I saw three gener- ations working in the flelds—largely ‘women. “It was the same story in France. I can remember during the days of the depression, only men who had to g0 appeared at such things as exposi- tions or fairs or similar community enterprises, for there was no money in the budget for entertainment. To- day in Prance, one sees not only the fathers, but mothers and children out for & holiday, and all spending money freely. I went to the Paris Exposition, and wad particularly impressed with this fact while I was there. By the first week in September, almost 15,- 000,000 paid admissions had been collected at the exposition. The entire French™ family was attending and spending money. I am firmly con- vinced that there is prosperity in Europe, that there is money and plenty of it, for paying war debts. If those debts were paid there would be less money for munitions and the purposes ‘of war, and it may well be that funds now used for military purposes could be dedicated to carrying on these worth-while projects of home building. But there is no reason, from the evident prosperous condition in Euro- pean nations, why their debts to us should go unpaid, while they accumu- late vaster and vaster resources for purposes of war.” Mrs. Jenckes gave glowing accounts of the United States exhibition in the Paris Exposition. “It deserves commendable notice,” she stated, "ler . opinions of the officers of the Army, & new division was created on paper. The “paper-streamlined division” be- came the basic unit in the solution of war problems and studies in the Army’s service schools, as a result of which many changes were suggested. Today, after all this preliminary meeting of minds and laboratory work. the new division has become an entity. It has been created by Nation- wide troop movements and the pool- ing of the latest types of equipment. Preliminary organization and train- ing out of the way, Maj. Gen. James K. Parsons, designated to lead the “dream division,” initiated the sec- ond phase of the tests on September 27, when he sent a force of approxi- mately 125 officers and 3,000 enlisted men of the division into the 70,000- acre Leon Springs Military Reserv: tion to meet the advance of an op: posing force advancing on San An- tonio from the Northwest. The defense force, a& smaller ver- sion of the streamlined division, was composed of the 9th Infantry Regi- ment, Fort Sam Houston, command- ed by Col. Henry W. Fleet; the first battalion of the new Field Artillery regiment, composed of units of the 15th Field Artillery, Fort Sam Hous- ton, commanded by Maj. Henry B. Parker; an anti-aircraft battalion from the 69th Coast Artillery, Fort Crockett, comamnded by Maj. Charles S. Harris; a medical battalion from fort Sam Houston commanded by Lieut. Col. J. M. Huddleston, an ob- servation aviation squadron from Brooks Field commanded by Maj. Douglas Johnson and detachments from division headquarters, division signal company, military police, traf- fic police, quartermaster motor bat- talion and quartermaster service com- pany. Opposing this combat team of the test division was a “hostile” force commanded by Lieut. Col. Henry B. Cheadle, Fort Sam Houston, equipped with fast tanks, armored cars and air- craft. The defensive force moved out of Fort Sam Houston in & motor column of 500 vehicles, approximately 12 miles in length, to meet Col. Cheadle’s “Reds.” Every condition of actual warfare was in existence except for the firing of “live” ammunition. A service echelon commanded by Brig. MRS. VIRGINIA ELLIS JENCKES, Representative from Indiana. —_— e it is one of the most popular exhibits at the exposition. Motion pictures of an educational nature, showing :the activities of our various Government departments, are shown in an inter- esting and impressive manner and the shows are very popular with the French and other visitors. Several shows are given a day and 1,200 people attend every performance. Thousands have been given a picture of our prog- ress and our country-in the United States Building.” MRS‘ JENCKES returns with many ideas that she intends to bring to the attention of Congress when that body convenes again. She believes that the most important question is one of providing jobs for unemployed Americans. “I receive from 150 to 200 letters & day,” she told me, “and almost all of the writers are primarily interested in getting work. It is of the, greatest importance for us to get industry very | started, so that private factories can take over the burden of providing jobs [ ¢ for those who in this emergency have had to depend upon Government help. The only permanent solution to un- employment is for private industry to support the workers. I believe one of the most influential laws that have been passed is that giving power to the Reconstruction Finance Corp. to lend money to private industry.” Mrs. Jenckes has in; her office two “yardsticks.” By these she operates a8 Congresswoman from an important section of Indiana. They are the Constitution of the United States, which she has framed and hanging on the wall of her private office, and the Bible, which she keeps in the top drawer of her desk. “A pretty good combination,” she says, and it would be difficult to think of s better. As part of the characteristic “equip- ment” of her office, she also constant- ly displays the United States flag on s standard and the flag of her State of Indians, drawing attention with pride to the torch of learning and the Students demonstratmg the speed and hill- cllmbmp capabilities of the 6-ton “baby tank” on graduation day at the tank school, Gen. Kenyon A. Joyce, who until last year was commanding officer at Fort Myer, Va., established field installa- tions along Salado Creek to serve as a supply railhead for the division. Field hospitals and first-aid stations were set up, Following this exercise, two other combiit teams, built around the 6th Provisional Infantry Regiment and the 23d Infantry, went into action. October 8 all three teams had com- pleted tests involving the establishment of a strong defensive position; an at- tack involving a wide daylight develop- ment; an attack on a wide front; a defense on a wide front, involving a K STREAMLINED TACTICS FOR AMERICA’S NEW BATTALIONS PAGE B-—l “Cavalry vs. Infantry.” | withdrawal from a position, and a de- ‘ By'! laying action. The final phase then began as these teams were fitted into the complete Army people that many of the changes | will find their way into the perma- division, and the month of combined | operations, now in progress, began. No efforts are being spared to obtain | factual data regarding the perform-| ance of the test division and its com- ponents, for the data ma have the greatest bearing on the future of the whole Army, the National Guard and the Organized Reserve. | how much of the reorganization will be nent tables of organization of the American division. Experiences of the Italian Army in | Ethiopia, the Japanese in Manchukuo |and China and the armies in Spain have had their influences on the set-up of the new division. They have demon- strated the need of a high degree of mobility and heavy-fire power in mod« ern warfare—primary aims in the or- | ganization of the new division Although it has not been determined | adopted as a permanent policy—this | cannot be determined until all of the data accumulated during the comirg month have been studied thoroughly— The basis of the World War division was four Infantry regiments of mors than 4.000 officers and men each. com- posing two Infantry brigades. The for- mation was the famous “square”—one regiment of each brigade in line and there is little doubt in the minds of | one in reserve. WHAT STATUES HAVEN'T WE? Nation’s Memorials in Washington Reveal Odd Omissions, With Only 6 of 32 Presidents Commemorated, and Longfellow the Sole American Literary Man So Honored. By Herbert Hollander. and Egypt, and before, men have memorialized by statues in public places those of their fellows deemed to be especially worthy of high and lasting honor. In Washington, the National Capi- tal, there are hundreds of such statues and memorials. It is significant, however, that while the list is long, it contains many strange omissions. Thus, only six of the 32 Presidents of the United States are commemo- rated by statues; namely, James Buchanan, James A. Garfield, U. S. Grant, Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln and George Washington. A memorial to Theodore Roosevelt is to take the form of a large civic project on Analostan Island in the Potomac, and the proposed Thomas Jefferson memorial is the center of a current controversy. It is noteworthy that there are three separate memorials to Abraham Lin- coln fn Washington, two statues and the great Lincoln Memorial. The answer to the question as to why, for example, there should be a statue to Buchanan and Garfield and none to Madison or Monroe or Cleve- land is, very largely, that no group has sufficiently interested itself in such projects. Memorial statues usually rise not spontaneously but through beneficent pressure — and there will not be a Madison statue, for instance, until consistent interest in it is manifested in one quarter or another. Thus, there is in Washington a statue to Henry Wadsworth Longfel- low, due largely to the interest and activity of the Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Memorial Association. But although Edgar Allan Poe is rated by most American and foreign critics as the greatest of our poets, there is no public memorial to him in the National Capital. Indeed, Longfellow is the only. American man of letters thus commemorated in Washington, unless one excepts Albert Pike, who is me- morialized rather for a rounded career as soldier, orator and journalist. But there are no statues to such figures as Hawthorne, Emerson, Melville, Whit- man, Mark Twain, or even Washing- ton Irving. 'HERE is a fine statue of John Ericsson, inventor of the ironclad monitor and the screw propeller, but none to an American who was tho greatest inventor of all time, Thomas Alvs Edison. Truly, Edison has me- morials enough on every hand in the marvels he created, but that is quite beside the point. Among the American statesmen whose figures are to be seen {n parks the Osapital are Benjamin I\ SINCE the days of ancient Greece | Franklin, Daniel Webster, Alexander Hamilton and John Marshall. It does seem strange that Henry Clay, who with Webster dominated the scene during a vital period of our history, should thus be neglected, although his native State of Kentucky has remem- bered him in Statuary Hall in the Capitol Building. And what of such men as John Hay, William H. Seward, brilliant John Randolph of Roanoke, and a dozen more who might be named? Of all the men who explored America, none is so commemorated. Its discoverer alone, Christopher Co- lumbus, is thus honored. Three men of religion have had statues erected to them in outdoor public places. They are Bishop As- bury, Cardinal Gibbons and John ‘Witherspoon, a signer of the Declara- tion of Independence. The greatest single group of statues administered by the National Park Service in Washington is composed of soldiers and sailors of the War Between the States, and all save Albert Pike fought on the Union side. These stat- ues and memorials include Farragut, Garfleld, Grant, Winfield Scott Han- cock, Meade, Dupont, McClellan, Mc- Pherson, Rawlins, Sheridan, Sherman, Stephenson, Thomas and Logan. In addition to Washington, Revolu- tionary soldiers thus honored include Greene, Kosciuszko, Lafayette, Von Steuben, Pulaski and Rochambeau. The inventor of photography, L. J. H. Daguerre, is similarly remembered, as are Edmund Burke, Dante, Jeanne D'Arc, Joseph J. Darlington, Andrew Jackson Downing, Samuel Gompers and Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, founder of homeopathic medicine. And such diversified figures as Dr. Benjamin Rush, Prof. Joseph Henry and William Jennings Bryan. Interesting, too, is the fact that ‘while there is a public statue in Wash- ington to San Martin, there is none to his inspired leader, Simon Bolivar, known as “the George Washington of South America.” ’I‘HERE is a long-standing contro- versy as to who is entitled to the designation, “father of the American Navy.” Some say John Barry, some John Paul Jones. At any rate, both are memorialized by statues in Wash- ington parks. But old Esek Hopkins, who antedated both, has been forgot- ten. Farragut and Dupont are hon- ored, but not such men as Decatur, Perry, Lawrence or Dewey. Of Mexican War heroes Winfield Scott alone is represented. Zachary Taylor was there too, and acquitted himself well. A memorial fountain has been erected to Maj. Archie Butt, Theodore Roosevelt’s intimate friend, and Fran- cis Davis Millet, painter, while other outdoor memorials include Cuban | Priendship, District of Columbis World 1 War, First Division, Fort Stephens, Bertha Noyes Armillary Sphere, Second Division, Jules Jusserand (long French ambassador to the United States), Navy-Marine World War, Senator Francis G. Newlands, Nuns of the Bat- tlefleld, Peace Monument, Titanic and memorials to several New York and Pennsylvania Civil War regiments. ¢ There also is a memorial to Lieut. Comdr. William Henry Scheutze, who served in the Navy during the World War, and a marker naming the origie nal patentees of the District of Colum« bia area. These, then, are the memorials which have been erected in Washing- ton’s public parks. But that by no means calls the roll of the National Capital’s “official” statuary. Each State is permitted to place statues of two notable native sons or daughters in the United States Capitol. Some are of national reputation; many names are not known beyond the borders of the respective States. Most of them are either soldiers, lawyers, or legislators. AMONG those of wide renown are such as Father Junipero Serra, California’s great early missionary; Illinois' Frances Willard, prohibition leader and one of the few women memorialized by an individual statue in the National Capital; Charles Car- roll of Maryland; Samuel Adams and John Winthrop of Massachusetts; Jef- ferson Davis of Mississippi; Lewis Cass and Zachariah Chandler of Michigan; Sequoyah, Cherokee Indian of Oklas homa; Roger Williams of Rhode Island; Robert Fulton of Pennsylvania; John C. Calhoun of South Carolina; Sam Houston of Texas; Ethan Allan of Vermont; Robert E. Lee of Virginis, and Robert M. La Follette of Wis« consin. Busts of former Chief Justices, alsa in the Capitol, draw attention to the fact that since the inception of the country but 11 men, including Charles Evans Hughes, have held that exalted post; namely, John Jay, John Rutledge, Oliver Ellsworth, John Marshall, Roger B. Taney, Salmon P. Chase, Morrison R. Waite, Melville W. Fuller, Edward D. White and William Howard Taft. The Capitol also contains busts of some political leaders of the past and on a lower floor is a strange-looking, three-in-one piece of statuary shared by Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, pioneer woman suffragists. In the Capitol also are the busts of the Vice Presidents, most of whose names bring no gleam of recognition to the eye of the average tourist passing through. But around the gallery of the great reading room of the Library of Cof- gress are 166 figures whose names do mean something to almost all whose eyesight is keen enough to decipher them.