Evening Star Newspaper, May 18, 1937, Page 10

A—10 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editien, WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY May 18, 1037 THEODORE W. Editor NOYES ___.. The Evening Star Newspaper Company. 11th B: 63‘:1 Pelxn{]t!}_[vfl{ll‘l Adve B 2n Oniteze See 445 Novth Michizan Ave. Rate by Carrier—City and Suburban. Regular Edition. Sunday Sta The Evening andySursns Sihth or 150 per week The Evening Star 45c per month or 10c per week The Sunday Star .. _. 8¢ per copy Night Fioal Editien, Night Pnal and Sunday 8t 706 per month Night Final Siar__ B5¢ per month Collection made at the end of each month or euch week, Orders may be sent by mail or tele- phone National 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Vireinia, and Canala. Dally anq Sunday. 1 yr.. $12 l mo.. $1.¢ Daily only_ 1 $8.00; 1 mo., Sunday only 1 mo. 805 Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Assoclated Press ig exclusively entitied to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the ocal news published herein All righ.s of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. Congress Waits. The President has set at rest one rumor ~—that of an early recess or adjournment of Congress. He has told the congres- sional leaders that he will send messages dealing with labor legislation and with water power. He has also told them that he expects Congress to act upon recommendations he has already sub- mitted before folding its tents and mov- ing out of Washington. Perhaps many of the. members of Congress will wish that the President had given the signal to go ahead with all this legislation a few months ago, when the session was new. With more than four months behind them, in which they have done little, the legislators have acquired a leisurely habit. Noth- ing breeds delay like delay itself. It is something of a pain in the neck to many of the Senators and Representatives to be told they must now go to work and furthermore that they must.stay around Washington far into the Summer, or even beyond. The administration continues to con- centrate on the court reorganization bill, which the President sent to Con- gress on February 5. During this time the Senate Judiciary Committee has conducted extensive hearings. Today it is actually voting on the bill and the presumption is that the bill will be re- ported adversely to the Senate by a majority of the committee. And that is the record after nearly three and a half months in which the President and many of his official family have cam- palgned extensively throughout the country and by radio for the passage of the bill. There seems no good reason at all that other legislation should have been tied up, unless the administration planned to seek legislation that would require a new interpretation of the Constitution. A number of the measures which the President now demands of Congress would not be in conflict with the Con- stitution at all, even in the opinion of the present Supreme Court. His in- sistence that there shall be a “layman’s” balanced budget at the close of the next flscal year is perfectly constitutional, for example. His T. V. A. legislation has stood the test of the courts, and if he wishes other power authorities of that kind doubtless he can have them with- out a conflict with the Constitution. Labor legislation, it is conceivable in the light of what the President has pro- posed In the past, may be in a different eategory, and also legislation relating to ndustry. It is possible that the Presi- dent may desire “new blood” in the Supreme Court in considerable quantities before His new laws are put through and run the gantlet. The unanimous de- cision of the Supreme Court invalidating the N. R. A. and a later decision hold- ing the Guffey coal act unconstitutional naturally have made the administration hesitant in putting through substitute legislation dealing with labor on & na- tlonal scale. However, the President has now promised-to send a message on labor legislation at some time “later,” which is a bit indefinite, but at least it Puts Congress on notice of what is ex- pected at the present session. The legis- lation will probably deal with minimum wages and maximum hours. Until the President produced his “new blood” plan for the Supreme Court, it was generally supposed that Federal legislation dealing with minimum wages and maximum hours of labor might re- quire a constitutional amendment. The administration, however, has set its face against a constitutional amendment, on which Congress probably could act with considerable speed if it related only to wages and hours. 8o the Congress waits upon the President and upon the result of the fight over the court bill—and waits and walits. —————— A new 1838 farm relief plan will be dis- cussed, with an understanding that this form of relief is to be one of various methods which will permit life to become enjoyable to the many as well as profit- able to the few. Honeymoon Trolley Quits. Bad news comes from! Niagara Falls. The honeymoon trolley car which car- rled nobody knows how,many hundreds of happy brides and lucky grooms to see the world's most widely famous cas- cade has suspended operation. Here- after, honeymooners must travel by bus or private motor vehicle. Times have changed and what was once “the latest thing” in travel for newly married couples now is outmoded and displaced. But the Falls still continue to do busi- ness. Their marvelous beauty has not been spoiled by age nor even by im- pinging industry. Water, it seems, is likely to run down the river for cen- turies yet unguessed. The rim of the precipice probably will crumble, a frac- tion of an inch each glonr.h, but & mil- least, would be required for it to wear away altogether. Meanwhile, young people, it may be supposed, will follow the example of their ancestors, remote and immediate, in matrimony. The human race is more than a little dependent upon the habit. Likewise, it happens that the honeymoon custom has a durable jus- tification. Lads and lasses may be re- lied upon to indulge in nuptial journeys in the manner of their parents. Such an escape from reality into romance is & natural instinct. The trolley car may disappear—peace to its weary ashes when it has been burned for its scrap iron value!—but memory will preserve its name. It served its purpose perfectly in its day, and nothing else could have been expected of it. Report of its passing would be tragically sorrowful only in the event that the happiness it symbolized were to perish from the earth. And of any catastrophe of that variety there is scant expectation. s The Naval Medical Center. Today the Committee on Naval Af- fairs of the House of Representatives is visiting the Naval Hospital in this city for the purpose of determining whether the proposed new naval medical center should be located on the present site or placed elsewhere. This problem in- volves various considerations, but of one fact there can be no question. That is that provision should be made at once for the erection of an adequate hospital structure or group of structures in re- placement of the present old and al- together unsuitable establishment. At a hearing on the question of the development of the old hospital on the present site or the establishment of & medical center elsewhere, held yesterday, Surgeon General Rossiter urged the lat- ter course, pointing out that the old site is too restricted for a suitable estab- lishment, with no assured space for future enlargement. He also stated that owing to the deterioration of the build- ings of war-time construction, the bed capacity has had to be reduced from 600 to less than 200, a depletion of ac- commodations that creates a grave situa- tion. Apart from the urgent need of im- mediate new hospital facilities, wherever the institution is located, decision should be speedy on the point of whether the present site or another should be used. The surgeon general is definitely op- posed to that site, pointing out its ine adequacy and the unsatisfactory sur- roundings which militate against the proper administration of such an in- stitution. It is contemplated that in the execu- tion of Government building plans, pro- vision will eventually be made—and it should be very soon—for the construc- tion of a proper permanent home for the Navy Department, now housed in one of the war-time “Munitions Build- ings” south of Constitution avenue. Tentatively, the site at present occupied by the Naval Hospital has been con- sidered the most suitable of all, and it is now urged that provision should be made as soon as the state of the Gov- ernment finances permit to proceed with the designing and erection of such a structure. It was at one time proposed that the Navy Department structure, or group of buildings if more than one were decided upon, should include the hospital. This, however, has met with no favor. A combination, even in separated buildings, of & departmental office headquarters and a medical center and hospital would be in every respect undesirable. While the physical conditions of the area where the Naval Hospital now stands have greatly improved in recent years, the location is not now and can never be made suitable for the mainte- nance of an institution for the care and treatment of sick persons, in the judgment of the surgeon general. He holds that it should have a suburban location, where quiet is assured and where growth is possible in the years to come. This question has been pending long enough. It should be settled now in favor of ample provisions for the ac- quirement of a site of proper size, with possibly an assurance of additional space in later years and for the construction of a medical center with the best equip- ment as speedily as the work can be undertaken and completed. By appointing enough candid women to the American diplomatic service, Mrs. Harriman, Minister to Norway, may find herself in comfortable readiness to say precisely nothing at the right time in social interchange. ) Revolt in Albania. Albania, Europe’s tiniest kingdom, with an area about the size of New Hamp- shire and Vermont, seems to have sup- pressed an incipient revolution against the rule of the former Colonel Ahmed Zogu, & Moslem, who, after serving three years as President, was proclaimed monarch under the title of King Zog nine years ago. Two towns in the south, seized by rebellious troops during the week end, have been promptly recap- tured by government forces, with the result that the insurgent movement ap- pears to be nipped in the bud. Tran- quillity prevails in other provinces and the throne at Tirana is believed to be in no immediate further danger. 8Small as Albanis is, its position near the southeastern tip of Europe, directly across the Adriatic from Italy’s “boot heel” and with land borders abutting Yugoslavia and Greece, invests Zog's miniature realm with both political and military importance. It has long been & prime factor in Mussolini’s calculations snd in his ambitfons to expand Italian power in the Mediterranean, the Near East and adjacent regions. Through a series of successive financial and po- litical agreements dating from 1926, and which at one time included & mutual defensive alliance, Italian relations with the Albanians have become progressively more lnumne;\md virtually enabled the NG STAR, Fascists to control the Adriatic. The mountain kingdom's independence never- theleas is definitely established, as at- tested by its membership in the League of Nations. Recently Italy and Yugo- slavia entered into & compact for pro- motion of mutual interests in South- eastern Europe. They followed it with an exchange of letters specifically guar- anteeing Albania’s territorial integrity. Last month Count Ciano, Mussolini’s son-in-law and foreign minister, on a visit to Tirana, formally pledged King Zog that the treaty with Belgrade in no way denotes Italy’s abandonment of her “protection” of Albenia. Various causes are assigned for the revolutionary outbreak. One suggestion is that certain elements, in spite of Fascist reassurances, are fearful that Italian authority in Albania is assuming & magnitude that bodes no good for her independence. With its overwhelmingly predominant Moslem population, the country is the last stronghold of Islam- ite tradition in Europe. Hostility to King Zog, among other things, is said to spring from orthodox Mohammedan re- sentment of his\trend toward modern- ism, as exemplified by such acts as orders for women to be unvelled. Al- bania is strategically so situated as easily to play the role of a spark capable of igniting the European powder barrel. Because of that geographical fact, the cause of world peace is served by the crushing of an insurrection that would not only plunge the little country into civil strife, but might tempt covetous and rival neighbors to fish in troubled waters. What has happened in Spain is & case in point. A. F. L. is regarded as rounding on C.I. O. with no definite prospects for get- ting a better set of initials to stand for & higher ideal of living under two sets of initials than men had under one. In fact, a8 we proceed to develop more initials we find more to talk-about and one person quite capable of cresting half s dozen mistakes calling for an equal number of experts to work for their simplification. —————r——————— Scarcely a day passes without reveal- ing Mussolini in a state of resentment against a neighbor for some hitherto unexpressed reason. A peace with Mus- solini might be sufficiently elaborate to make occupation for the entire Eastern Hemisphere. ———e—— A simplified form of government con- tinues to be the ideal for which men strive as that which best meets the needs a8 they develop. The use of initials which are not popularly understood causes diffi- culty and delay and creates eonfusion. — Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOMNSON. Joyous Awakening. One night I dreamt I was & King Or Emperor, or some such thing, And sat upon a gilded throne And spoke up in a haughty tone, While_ courtiers knelt and flattered me. And when I jested, laughed with glee, And trembled, lest I might, some day, Chop off their heads or stop their pay Another King came drifting nigh He was a crude and husky guy. The way_he bluffed me was a shame, He showed me where to sign my name. He did not hesitate to scoff; He showed me just where I got off. Stenographers next flouted me, My minstrels all sang off the key, And when I traveled forth in state Some Communist would lie in wait, Who aimed at me, and then got hissed, By former friends, because he missed— Oh, welcome sound! Oh, sweet relief! ‘The Old Alarm Clock ends my grief. ‘Take back the scepter and the crown! Just lead me to my job downtown! The Public’s Privilege. “The public is fickle,” remarked the oonstituent. “Not exactly,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “After it has applauded awhile the public sometimes gets tired of calling for encores and wants the curtain to ring up on & new act.” Matter of Courtesy. “Do you really enjoy Mr. SBcrimmer’s Jokes?” “No,” answered Miss Cayenne. “Then why do you laugh at them?" “My dear, there i no reason why I should be impolite merely because he isn’t funny.” Cold-Blooded Figures. ‘War is something none desire. Let mercenary ways Criticism now tnspire, We've learned it never pays. ‘What care we for compliments From a glided boss If a world to war consents At & human loss? Jud Tunkins says there’s no use speak- ing your mind unless you are a big enough man to make people mind your speeches. “In settling one quarrel,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “wisdom and caution are necessary in order to avoid developing causes for several more.” Investigation. ‘We censure or we lift our loud applause And follow every word with interest ‘warm, And feel at home on this big earth because Old Human Nature’s running true to form. “Pride is dangerous,” said Uncle Eben. “I's when & man gits busy braggin’ ‘bout what & good card player he is dat he's likely to begin losin’ tricks.” Anticipation. Prom the Manchester Union. What we're looking forward to is the first day when it rains on & C. I. O. picnic. We want to see sandwich men parldjn. in front of the Weather Bureau Mnl “Weather not fair D. C, TUESDAY, MAY 18 THE POLITICAL MILL BY G. GOULD LINCOLN. One week or two weeks hence the Su- preme Court may settle the constitu- tionality of the Federal social security act and the taxes imposed thereunder. Either it will hand down an opinion then or the matter will go over until the Oc- tober term of the court—which is not considered likely at all. There was & great deal of interest and speculation as to what the court would decide in this case—and the interest still continues. A decision yesterday, on the eve of the vote which the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee is to take today or tomorrow on the President’s Supreme Court program, would have made a fine lot of conversa- tion. Now the committee will vote with- out the light of the court decision. However, the court did give the ad- ministration a break when it declined to uphold the contention of the Anniston Manufacturing Company of Alabama that the Government should return the processing taxes collected under the old A. A. A. The Government would have been in & position of having to refund approximately $900,000,000 to processers all about the country had the court held with the company. Although in some quarters it is urged that this is only a temporary victory, it certainly must be satisfying to the administration. Find- ing nearly a billion dollars to pay back in tax refunds would be no joke, espe- clally when the President is making a drive for a “layman’s” balance of the governmental budget at the close of the next fiscal year. * % ¥k % The decisions of the Supreme Court in recent months have been distinctly fav- orable to the Government in a number of important cases. So much so that opponents of the President’s plan to revamp the court are saying that there 18 no use doing violence to the proprieties and urging that the President's court program be dropped. The administra- tion, however, has continued stiff-necked about the court bill. The President’s “no compromise” message, sent through Sen- ator Robinson, the majority leader, caused considerable pain to Senators who have been seeking some kind of middle ground which might be acceptable to the administration. But even more excitement was caused on Capitol Hill by the remarks of Postmaster General Farley, chairman of the Democratic Na- tional Committee, who suggested that when Senators wanted something from the White House they would feel un- comfortable if they had voted against the President’s court bill. The Farley remarks were interpreted as meaning that the White House was ready to deal, on the barter and trade plan, with Senators in order to obtain their votes for the court bill. The White House has plenty to trade with, including Federal jobs and Federal funds for all kinds of projects. The frankness of the state- ments of Mr. Farley was unusual to say the least—and the remarks have not been repudiated. * *x ¥ % There is a group of Senators who would like to see the President’s bill, as it re- lates to the Supreme Court, amended. They have been seeking high and low for some plan which would not be so drastic as the “packing” process put forward in the President’s bill and yet which might satisfy the President. On one side of them stands the group which is committed to the President’s bill and will go down the line for whatever the President asks. On the other side is the group of irreconcilables, who will agree neither to the President’s bill nor to any compromise with “principle.” The com- promisers are threatened with being crushed between the two aggressive groups—just as the “mild reservationists” were crushed in the old days of the Senate fight over the late President Woodrow Wilson's plan to take the United States into the League of Na- tions. The time may come for com- promise. Indeed, some of the admin- istration Senators admit it and are looking forward to that time. But it has not yet arrived. What will happen to the Supreme Court bill is still anybody’s guess. Both sides profess confidence that they will win. Ashurst, marshalling the Presi- dent’s forces in the Senate, says he will have at least 50 votes. Wheeler, leading the opposition, insists that he has 49 sure votes—a majority of one—against the President’'s program. It may be a considerable time before the roll is called in the Senate and there may be impor- tant changes. The one thing that im- presses most observers, however, is that the opposition has continued to gain strength rather than lose it, despite the terrific barrage laid down by the Presi- dent and his followers—not to mention the threats of the politically-minded Jim Farley. * k% The Prgsident has indicated, appar- ently, to the congressional leaders that he expects Congress to stay on the job and put through labor legislation and & number >f other measures before it leaves Washington for the Summer. He promised labor and the farmers quite a lot during the national campaign last year. It is reasonable to expect labor legislation, therefore, and also that some- thing may be attempted for the farmers before adjournment. The Senate, in its drive for “economy,” the other day cut $60,000,000 off the $500,000,000 requested by the administration for the continua- tion of payments to farmers under the “soil conservation” and “crop curtail- ment” pgrogram of the A. A. A. This did not look as though the Senate was particularly keen about backing up the President in this matter. The action in the Senate came after severe criticisms of the way in which the funds had been administered last year had been uttered in committee and then on the floor of the Senate. * % % % A strange story was told by Senator Copeland of New York, a member of the Senate Appropriations Committee, while the agricultural appropriation bill was under consideration by the commit- tee. It is told in the printed volume of the committee hearings. Copeland asked Dr. Alexander, who succeeded Dr. Tug- well in charge of the Resettlement Ad- ministration, whether the R. A. had bor- rowed small farms on which to set up in business certain farmers on relief. Copeland was told that in certain in- stances such a course had been followed. “I speak rather feelingly on this sub- Ject, gentlemen,” Copeland saild to his colleagues on the committee. “I have & small farm in Florida with a house on it. My agent was approached by an agent of the Resettlement Administra- tion. He said that if I would let them have the farm the R. A. would put the farmer on, pay the taxes and then would give the farmer a mule and plow and seed and so forth, Did you do things like that?” Dr. Alexander confessed that: “We did that for about 315,000 farmers. He 'was asked further by Senator Copeland whether the Government had defaulted on the payment of taxes in these cases. Alexander said no and Copeland re- torted: “You defaulted on mine. I am not particularly interested because I can stand it, but to me it was a peculiar experience. I was glad to have the farmer go on there and he !’ny did » \ 1937. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. The investigational turn of mind is rare, even among scientists. ‘The good experimenter is not common. When men in the average walks of life are considered, they are found to be unable to investigate anything fairly, in the main. In the first place they don't want to. Such matters are supposed to be turned over to “experts,” to authorities, in other words. 8hall they, common men, question those who are supposed to know? Wouldn't any honest investigation of the merits and demerits of article, book, process, idea, be a reflection upon somebody who already is supposed to have the “low down” on everything? * x % % The real investigator, whether official or otherwise, is the man with the open mind. Now, an open mind is something not met with every day. It is possible to go an entire lifetime and encounter it only once or twice. No doubt there are millions of people who, having closed minds themselves, on all sorts of subjects, never find open minds, or wouldn't recognize such if they found them. Even those rare souls who pine for an open mind for themselves, know how hard it is to achieve. %% As for finding it in others, they do it so seldom that always its discovery becomes a rare treat. Behind such refusals of mind to in- vestigate in the everyday life lie 50 many failures of human nature that it is difficult to put a finger on them. Conceit, envy, dislike, anger, indif- ference—these and many more—play a part, although at first glance they may seem a far cry, indeed. Yet what else can be made of the refusal of many to investigate when such investigation might show them a new way of life? * & % There are many new ways of life, of course. Large and small, there are so many new ways open, and especially now- adays, that somehow it seems more than foolish to bury heads in the sands of time and remain satisfied. There are new ways of doing things. Let us investigate them and decide for ourselves whether they are any ad- vance over the old. If we will not investigate, we stand no chance of knowing, and this remains true whether on the mental, physical or soul sides of life. * X % % We may consider one phase of inves- tigational material. That in books. It is an amazing thing, how many persons read only books whose views they “agree with,” as they say. A volume which deals with matter new to them is suspect. Too often it is, for them at least, en- tirely unreadable. Are we to believe, then, that youth STARS, MEN slone is free, when it comes to the ability to give a writer a fair hearing? LN Minds, as well as bodies, of course, tend to “freeze up” with advancing age. Age is an indefinite thing. 2 Many persons clamp padlocks on their minds before they are out of high school. The process of solidification has gone 80 far by the time they have reached 35 or 40 years that they are entirely in- capable of reading something they do not approve of. Even if they force themselves to read it, they all the time are bringing up counter arguments in their own minds, not for any honest purpose, but solely to be able to uphold their prior judg- ment. %% Especially is this true of an average man’s attitude toward a medical book which has not received the blessing of the fraternity. ‘The healing art sfnce its inception has 80 surrounded with mumbo-jumbo that many laymen are even afraid to think about their own failings and dis- eases. That is something solely for the doctors, they believe, and this attitude is approved by the profession, of course. Give an unorthodox book to a per- fectly orthodox person, no matter how “bright” he may be, and he handles it gingerly, almost afraid to open the pages. If he does get that far he is only too ready to cry down destruction on the author at the first evident mistake. It is quite possible, of course, for one to make mistakes, and still be right most of the time. * % % ¥ If there is any sort of book in the world which is liked by the investiga- tional mind it is precisely this sort, which attempts to find out something. The man may be wrong, but he is try- ing to find out something, and let's see if he isn't right somewhere. *x % % Discovery of these nuggets of truth, as the investigational reader calls them, far outweighs anything else. Hence all bookdom is at his ocom- mand, not just a part of it. He recovers his youth, in this respect at least; he looks at books as would look at them, as attempts at truth, whether they achieve it or not. This makes every library, large or small, 8 new Garden of Eden, in which Adam, Eve and the serpent play new roles. The person with the investigational turn of mind is & discoverer, an ad- venturer as truly as any man who sets foot on ship. His sea is the still uncharted one of the human mind. His boat is his book, and his stormy weather and pleasant days and nights come in their turn as the hours roll. Regard him closely, all ye with closed minds, for he has something ye will never know, and well may envy. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY, ‘What makes the heart beat? This unwilled behavior which con- tinues in almost undeviating rhythm as long as the individual remains alive is apparently the result of a balance be- tween two hitherto unknown chemical substances secreted by the two sets of nerves leading to the organ of life. The heart is controlled by the auto- nomic nervous system which is divided into two parts with antagonistic func- tions—the sympathetic and the para- sympathetic. Both send nerve fibers to the heart. From the sympathetic fibers when they are stimulated is secreted a minute amount of s substance very similar to adrenalin in its action, but not chem- ically identical with this product of the adrenal glands. Like adrenalin in the blood stream, this substance speeds the heart. From the parasympathetic fibers is secreted a substance known as acetyl choline—a compound of acetic acid and choline which is found abundantly in almost all body tissue. It slows the heart. Then the adrenalin-like substance is shot into it from the sympathetic fibers and speeds it up again. The balance be- tween these two is the heart beat. This is essentially the explanation offered by Sir Henry Dale, 1936 Nobel prize winner and director of the National Institute of Medical Research in Lon- don, who will deliver a public lecture before the newly organized Washington Academy of Medicine at the Medical So- ciety auditorium tonight. This, it is ex- plained by members of the academy, is a radically new concept of nerve action which is essentially .due to Sir Henry Dale’s researches. He has been the first to recognize the true nature of the parasympathetic se- cretion—or hormone. The acetyl cho- line is & very unstable combination. Al- most the instant it is released from the nerve fibers it breaks up into its con- stituent parts which have no known physiological action. The same is prob- ably true of the adrenalin-like stimulant. ‘Thus neither of these powerful chem- icals can exert its effect more than a Iraction of a second. The acetyl choline, 1t has been found, mimics all the effects of parasympathetic nerve action and has been used in medicine as a powerful lowerer of blood pressure. Assuming that similar substances are secreted by the central nervous system fibers, according to Dr. Carl Voegtlin, professor of pharmacology at the Na- tional Institute of Health, the discovery of these hormones also offers an ex- planation for the passage of nerve im- pulses across synapses, or intervals be- tween the fibers of different nerves. It is not like an electric spark jumping a gap nor like an electric current curried through a liquid between the ends of two wires. The new picture is that one nerve fiber in action secretes some of one chem- ical or another which comes into con- tact with the fiber of another nerve and starts up a similar action. The beginning of the work, it is pointed out, may be considered as dating back more than a quarter of a century when Dr. Reid Hunt, Dr. Voegtlin’s pre- decessor at the Public Health Service here, speculated on the role of choline. It received an enormous impetus in Austria just after the war when it was found that the liquid perfusion from one fine job. But nobody paid the taxes, nor paid for repairs, nor did anything except make use of the land, and I could have selected a man myself to go on the land. He got & mule and & plow and a few chickens and I got noth- ing except the tax bills.” Copeland said he got no rent and did not expect any. “I thought at least they would pay the taxes. They agreed to. After all, you would expect the Government to meet its obligations, even to & United States Senator.” 1 A {frog's heart would activate another de- tached frog heart kept in a salt solu- tion. It was from this experiment that the work of the British physiologist, ending with the identification of acetyl choline, originally sprang. There is every reason to believe, Dr. Voegtlin points out, that all autonomic nervous system reactions—practically all reactions of the body which are essential to life, but not under control of the will —take place with precisely the same mechanism. The two chemicals, forever antagonistic to each other, are forever being secreted and causing their appro- priate nerve reactions. This constitutes one of the basic phenomena of life. The autonomic nervous system, mem- bers of the Academy point out, is very old relative to the central nervous sys- tem and act entirely independently of “mind.” The animal that was forced to order the heart to beat would be in s bad way. The action must continue entirely out of control of the will if the organism is long to remain alive. This partieular reaction antedates mind in the history of the race, but willed reactions may be carried out by & somewhat similar mechanism. The whole subject, it is explained, lies on the present frontiers of physiology and medicine—a fleld which is the particular province of members of the academy. Congress Should Do Own Work and Let Clocks Alone To the Editor of The Star: I am bitterly opposed to erroneously so-called “daylight saving time.” Con- gress unstabilized money and now it wants to unstabilize time (on the theory, I suppose, that “time is money”). Can't Congress leave anything stable any more—not even time? I say, leave the clocks alone. Changing them is wrong in principle. If people want to go to work earlier, let 'em change the work hours, but not by monkeying with the clocks. The wisdom of the ages has taught men what's the best time to start and quit work; but, aside from that, no really “wise men” will say the sun is on the meridian at 1 p.m,, when all the school books, text books, en- cyclopedias and dictionaries say it is 12 m, and the laws of Nature look after what the sun really does—some of the State Legislatures to the contrary notwithstanding. Changing the clocks will make trouble for only half the people. If Congress really wants to make trouble for all the people, I suggest that it change the sun itself—not the clocks. Con- gress might answer: “Oh, but we haven’t got ‘jurisdiction’ over the sun, but we have got ‘jurisdiction’ over the clocks.” True. But you don't have to exercise “jurisdiction” just because you have it. ‘What a lot of vastly more important tasks there are for Congress! It should quit trying to demote the general wel- fare and should give attention to in- suring domestic tranquillity, the estab- lishment of justice and the common de- fense and securing to the people the blessings of liberty. The Houses of Con- gress and the individual members thereof should ever remember that their people expect them to act the part of “wise men, engaged in a great and arduous struggle” for good government. ERNEST HAVILAND HOBBS. Buried Treasure. Prom the Asheville Times. Uncle S8am has buried forty-nine car- loads of gold at Fort Knox, Ky., forty- nine carloads which men have laboriously dug from the earth and as laboriously returned to earth. Well, since love of money is the root of all evil, Uncle 8am is trying W all evil. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Wmhmq!on D. C. Please inclose namp for reply. Q. How many people in the world use the English language?—L. R. A. It is spoken by more than 224,995,500 people, of whom more than one-half are Americans. Q. How old is Bob Feller, the base ball pitcher?—G. R. A. Bob Feller, who has created such a le;\ntlon in base ball, is only 18 years ol Q ‘What is meant by a capital levy?— D. A 1t 18 a form of taxation by which & part of the capital of a person or busi- ness is taken, as distinguished from a tax upon income from that capital. Q. What were the black codes?—S. W, A. They were laws passed in the South after the Civil War to regulate the Ne- groes under the new conditions. The codes were moderate for the most part, but a few States had laws which were looked upon by the North as leading to future trouble. Q. How long was Alfonso the King of 8pain?—C. B. A. He was born a King. He was the posthumous son of Alfonso XII and Maria Cristina. His mother was regent from his birth in 1886 until 1902. Al- fonso XIII went into exile in 1931. Q. What is the tax on tea in England? —J. W. A. Tt has recently been raised from four to twelve cents a pound. Q. When did George Whitefield, the noted English evangelist, visit the United States for the first time? When was his last visit?>—W. H. A. The first visit of the Reverend George Whitefleld to New York was in 1739, when no church being large enough to accommodate the crowds. he preached on the land now occupied by City Hall Park, New York City. His last mission to America was in 1770. Q. For whom was De Pauw University named?—P. W. A. This college had been named In- diana Asbury, but changed its name to honor Washington Charles De Pauw. a plate glass manufacturer who made liberal donations to the school. Q. Have highways improved under the Pascist regime in Italy?—H. T. A. Roads and railways have improved greatly. Italy is now honeycombed with hard-surfaced roads which are excellent for motor travel. Q. When were the Aleutian Islands ace quired by the United States?—A. G. A. They were purchased as part of Alaska in 1867. Q. Please give a biography of Dead= wood Dick.—R. C. B. A. He was born on December 18, 1845, in England and came to the United States when he was 16 years old. While he was still & young man he joined & party of prospectors in Illinois and went overland to the Black Hills in search of gold. His real name was Richard Clarke. He was a typical plainse man, swaggering, always ready for exe citement, chivalrous and handy with his fists or guns. He drove a stage coach, worked as & miner, rode the Pony Ex- press and was a member of a vigilants band. Q. How much does it cost to take the treatments at Saratoga Springs, N. Y.?—E. J. A. The courses of treatments at Sara- toga 8pa cover a period of three weeks on the average and the cost ranges from s minimum of $110. Treatments are given free to those who do not possess means to pay for them. Q. What country leads in producing tractors and combine harvesters?—H. W. A. The Soviet Union holds first place in the world for production of traetors and combine harvesters. Q. Who was it who said that the biblical order of six days' labor and one day of rest should be reversed?>—R. E. A. A. The idea is ascribed to Henry Thoreau, who held that man should earn his living by the sweat of his brow on one day only and should keep the rest of the week for his joy and wonder. Q. When was the first eruption of Mount Etna?—C. H. A. The fisst recorded eruption of Etna was in the eighth century B.C. Another, occurring in 477 BC., is graphically described in Aeschylus’ ‘“Prometheus Bound.” Q. Do most of the boys in the C. C. C. camps gain weight while there?—W. H. A. A test conducted by the office of the surgeon general of the War De- partment showed an average gain of 6.04 pounds for 4123 enrollees during their first two months of camp life. Q. Why are signatures of Button Gwin- nett so valuable?—W. T. A. Because they are so rare. This signer of the Declaration of Inde- pendence was acting Governor of Georgia for two months in 1777, but failed of popular election to the post. A duel later in the same year resulted in Gwin- nett's death at the age of 42. Q. Who was known as the Carnegie of Belglum?—W. H. A. Ernest Solvay (1838-1922) was so called. He was & manufacturing chem- ist and developed the ammonia process commonly called the Solvay process for the manufacture of soda. He amassed s large fortune, founded the Solvay Institute in Brussels and was active in philanthropic enwrprlses A Rhyme at Twnhght Gertrude Brookt Hamilton. Nautcal Sportsmen On the Memorial Pool he launched his boat; And when the tiny craft refused to fibat, But turned persistently upon its side, He thrust both fists into his eyes and cried. An urchin, boatless, who was standing by, Baid, “Try again. It ain't no use to cry.” He seized the other's ship, tinkered with it, Straightened the sall, applied his utmost wit To make the thing seaworthy; and, again, Launched the small rig upon the sunny main. Then, as across the Pool he watched it glide, Said, scoffingly, “You didn't need have » cried!” A i .