Evening Star Newspaper, August 21, 1936, Page 6

D.C. MEN RECENE " FOREICN HONORS More Thain Score Among 120 Naval Officers Given Decorations. " More than a score of Washington- fans are among the 120 naval officers to whom forelgn decorations are being forwarded, the Navy Department announced yesterday. Congress au- thorized the officers to accept such awards by a special act of last May 19. In the interim, the State Department has had custody of the awards. ‘The awards “represent recognition of the efforts of American naval officers in the promotion of friendly international relations,” the depart- ment explained in making the list public. The officers named and the decorations they will receive are: Admiral William H. Standley, Act- Ing Secretary of the Navy and chief of naval operations, Order of the Crown of Italy. Rear Admiral Arthur B. Cook, chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Cava- liere Ufficiale, Order of the Crown of Italy and diploma. Rear Admiral George T. Pettengill, commandant of the Washington Navy Yard, Order of Striped Tiger, from China. Upham Promoted in Legion. Rear Admiral Frank B. Upham, chairman of the General Board, who received the decoration of Officer of the Legion of Honor in 1919, was promoted to the rank of Commander of the Legion of Honor by the French government. in accordance with the custom of promoting officers upon at- taining flag rank. Rear Admiral David F. Sellers, superintendent of the Naval Academy, decoration of Abdon Calderon (first class), Ecuador, and the gold Medal of Merit and the Medal of Merit, Nicaragua. Capt. William D. Puleston, director of naval intelligence, Order of Mili- tary Merit, second class, and diploma, from Mexico. Rear Admiral John R. Y. Blakely, retired, of the Army-Navy Club here, Abdon Calderon and diploma, from Ecuador. Comdr. William H. P. Blandy, Office of Naval Operations, Navy Depart- ment, Official da Ordem do Cruzeiro do Sul and diploma, Brazil. Rear Admiral Harley R. Christy, re- tired, Army-Navy Club, Abdon Calde- ron, first class, and diploma, Ecuador. Comdr. Calvin H. Cobb, Bureau of Navigation, Navy Department, 5808 Cedar parkway, Chevy Chase, Md., Legion or Honor and diploma (rank of officer), France. Capt. Reuben B. Coffey, Office of Naval Operations, Order of the Crown of Italy and diploma. Italy Honors Admiral Crosley. Rear Admiral Walter S. Crosley, re- tired, Commander of the Iron Crown of Italy. Lieut, Comdr. George H. DeBaun, Bureau of Aeronautics, Legion of Honor and diploma, France. Comdr. Dallas D. Dupre, Shore Es- tablishment Division, Legion of Honor and diploma, France. Lieut. Comdr. Curry E. Eason, Wash- ington Navy Yard, Esdralda Abdon Calderon, Ecuador. Comdr., D. W, Fuller, Army-Navy Club, Order of the Bust of Bolivar, class 5, and diploma, Venezuela. Lieut. Comdr. Vincent Hernandez, Medical Corps, Washington Navy Yard, Medal of Merit and diploma, Nicaragua. Capt. Herbert S. Howard, Construc- tion Corps, Board of Inspection and Survey, Navy Department, Silver Ju- bilee Medal, Great Britain, Lieut, Comdr. Charles G. Moore, jr., in charge of the Navy Depart- ment’s press room, Order of the Im- perial Order of the Dragon of Annam, French Indo-China. Comdr. Louis E. Mueller, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, medal of merit, medal of distinction, certificate of merit, Nicaragua. Capt. Halsey Powell, Office of Naval Operations, commendatore of the Order of the Crown of Italy and diploma. Capt. Holden C. Richardson (Con- struction Corps), retired, Bureau of Aeronautics, diploma of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (rank of commander), Italy. Capt. William O, Spears, Bureau of Navigation, 4331 Blagden avenue, naval order of merit, second class, with white badge, Cuba. Comdr. Morton D, Willcutts, Medi- cal Corps, Naval Hospital, Ch'ou No. 148, class A, grade and diploma, China. Siam Honor for Butler. Rear Admiral Henry V, Butler, for- mer commandant of the Washington Navy Yard, now serving in that ca- pacity at Charleston, 8. C.,, Order of the White Elephant, Siam. Comdr. Joel T. Boone, Medical Corps, physician to former President Hoover, now at the Naval Hospital, San Diego, Calif., Legion of Honor and diploma (rank of officer), France. Rear Admiral Ernest J. King, until recently chief of the Bureau of Aero- nautics here, now commander of air- craft of the base force, Grande Ufficale (Order of the Crown of Italy) and diploma. Other nations included in the list are Hungary, Haiti, Peru, one from the Pope, who bestows the Medal of Inauguration of the Vatican City on Capt, Willis W, Bradley, commanding the U, 8. 8. Portland; Spain, Norway, Cambodia, Chile, Poland, the Domini- can Republic, the Netherlands and Belgium. — Fine paintings made by bushmen have been found near Swellendam, BSouth Africa. Now - French’s contains A Navajo silversmith at work, (This is the sixth of a series of articles on the Navajo Indians.) BY THOMAS R. HENRY, Staft Correspondent of The Star. INDOW ROCK, Ariz, Au- gust 21.—The pride of the Navajo farmer is coal black corn. Blue, lavender, red, speckled, cerise and golden corn ears are well enough for corn meal and ordinary eating— but for a real feast they must be jet black. This unique product of Indian agriculture is believed to be the re- sult of primitive breeding experiments extending into an unknown antiquity. Every year the Navajo woman, who carries on all the farm activities, se- lects her blackest ears for seed. Regardless of color, this Navajo corn is remarkable. It covers the whole range of the rainbow, exclusive of green. Ears 15 to 17 inches long are by no means rare. On what appears to be the most unpromising scrt of mountain soil, irrigated by diverted fiood waters, crops of from 30 to 40 bushels to the acre are not unusual. The most successful yleld last year was about 70 bushels to the acre for & 5-acre tract. This is as good as is achieved in the corn belt with the best products of the plant breeders. Grows 2 Feet High. This corn never grows more than 2 feet high. The ears almost grow out of the ground. Under the Navajo method of husbandry the crop is sel- dom a failure, even with the badly de- teriorated land in a dry year, and the Indian woman laughs scornfully at the advice of agricultural extension agents. The method of planting seems very wasteful, until one has seen the re- sults. Thirty or forty kernels are planted in a single hill, in contrast to the four or five planted by white farm- ers, Most of them send up stalks. The seeds are planted as much as 2 feet deep, instead of the customary 3 or 4 inches. Sometimes the Navajo woman will push her planting stick right through a sandhill a foot or more thick and deposit the seeds in the black soil underneath. The sprouts have a marvelous capacity to push their way to the top. When approved seed corn was introduced by an Indian agent a few years ago the Navajoes accepted it grudgingly and suffered a hungry year because there happened to be a bad drought and the white man’s product was a miserable fajlure. All efforts to improve upon the Indian system have been failures because this has been adapted to the environment through countless years of success and failure, which eliminated the unfit. Sometimes the land is plowed. Often the corn seed simply is placed in holes without any effort to turn over the sod. The hills are 4 or 5 feet apart. Sel- dom is the same field used two years in succession. Looking casually at an Indian cornfield one would say the crop was a dismal failure, because the big ears under the low stalks are hid- den, Little effort is made to keep a patch free of weeds. A Navajo corn patch mzy cover two or three acres, but different women own different hills. These, seemingly, PLEASANT, EDUCATIONAL. Accountancy Pace Courses: B. C. S. and M. C. S. Degrees. C. P. A. Preparation. Dayand Even- ing Classes; Coeducational Send for 30th Year Book. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION BLDG. MET. 2518 National University Fall Term Begins September 28, 1936 SCHOOL OF LAW School of Economics and Government Open for repintrstion & mes. o 7 pm. 818 13th STREET N Telephone NAtional 6617 amazing benefits of yeass, which bas health Change to Freach’s— ~ the enly Canary diet THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, FRIDAY, AUGUST 21, 1936. Black Corn Cherished by Navajos Ears Are as Much as 15 Inches Long ‘Although Stalks Grow Only 2 Feet—Crop Failures Seldom. are planted haphazardly, but every woman knows her own hills and there seldom is any dispute about the har- vesting. The field never is regarded as communal, in any strict sense of the word. A good crop one year usually means no crop at all the next, because the Navajo never can see the value of labor if there is enough to eat. The woman with the 70-bushel- per-acre crop last year was urged by the extension agents to plant the same fleld again. The crop was s0 phe- nomenal that they wanted to see if it would repeat. She indignantly refused to plant any at all. She had enough stored in her hogun to last for three Winters. It seemed incomprehensible silliness to clutter up the place with any more while this remained. Corn Not Money Crop. The corn, of course, never is & money crop with the Navajos. The only reason for raising it is to eat it. Their entire diet consists of corn, beans and mutton or goat flesh. When the corn is husked the women select the prettiest-colored ears and hang them on strings about the hoguns as decorations—about the only esthetic touch in their homes. The place of honor always is reserved for a few red-and-blue speckled ears, which al- ways are saved for seed. A few hills of such seeds are supposed to bring rain to the entire field. Actually, say the extension agents, originally there probably was some basis for this su- perstition. The speckled seeds, for —Photo courtesy of Smithsonian Institution. some unknown reason, are very vigor- ous. Some old medicine man probably invented the rain-drawing legend to get his people to plant the seeds which gave the most abundant ears, White and yellow ears are looked upon with considerable disdain as food for sis- sles, The origin of the Navajo's black corn is the subject of considerable de- bate. The tribe, it is known, first entered the country as a predatory people who raised nothing, but lived by raids upon the peaceful, agricultural Pueblo Indians who dwelt around them. The Pueblos had been raising corn for 2,000 years. It was of a rather inferior grade when the first white men came into the country witt ears no longer than the length of one's hand and with small kernels. Many stores of such corn have been found in Pueblo ruins. The ears were of various colors, including some which ‘were close to blue. These caught the eyes of the raiding Navajos. They took some of them back into the hills and consistently, generation after genera- tion, selected the blackest kernels for planting. Later on some idea of pseudo-scientific plant breeding may have been introduced among them, as it was among the Pueblos, by the Spanish padres. [Even today the Navajos make careful selection of their blackest ears each year for their prize specimens, for the black corn does nat come entirely true to type and soon would revert to all sorts of colors if left alone. The Pueblos also have oc- There's More to a Watch Than Appears on the Face of It! Compared with methods used in the time - telling ancient days, our timepieces of today are a decided im- provement. Yet need servicing to rate. occasionally they make them accu- Our highly skilled and thor- oughly experienced watchmakers will repair any make of timepiece to your satisfaction. We Welcome Charge Accounts R .Hnrris and Il’n. JEWELERS * SILVERSMITHS - DIANOND MERCHANTS 1101 F St. N.W. Est. 1874 Phone DI. 0916 Air Conditioned for Your Comfort 7109 P.M. ONLY WOONLIG HT GWE-AWAYS GOING OUT OF BUSINESS We must clean house to the bare walls in 9 days. Get in on these unheard of give-away prices. Imported Sanforized LINEN SUIT Reg. to $14.50 NEYERS MENS SHO 1331 F STREE .. KNOX MADE MEMBER OF CAMPAIGN CLU Vice Presidential Nominee Re- ceives Honor After Hagers- town Speech. At the conclusion of the speech of Col. Frank Knox at Hagerstown, Md., ‘Wednesday night, the colonel became an honorary member of the District of Columbia Landon and Knox Cam- paign Club. Among other honorary members are Gov. Landon and John Hamilton, chairman of the national committee, who accepted membership at the noti- fication ceremonies in Topeka last month. The presentation was made in behalf of Paul E. Lesh, president of the Landon and Knox Campaign Club, and Miss Reeves, secretary of the club, by Fred Linton, executive secretary of the campaign club. Present for the presentation was a delegation from the club headed by James C. Wilkes, chairman for the Republicans of Maryland and the Dis- trict of Columbia. Joseph McCoy, an executive of the national commit- tee was also in the delegation. Col. Knox, in accepting member- ship, expressed his appreciation and charged the Republican State Com- mittee for the District of Columbia casional black ears, but pay no special attention to them. ‘The Navajo women, except in cases where family life has been modernized, do all the work of planting, cultivat- ing and reaping the corn. But when it is harvested it belongs to them. Theoretically the men can use it only with the permission of their wives. ‘This may not obtain in actual prac- tice, but when a Navajo man was asked for one of the black ears he had been displaying proudly, he could only look questioningly at his wife for her nod of approval. Just what & Navajo man does, ex- cept tinker with his broken-down, second-hand car or work on Govern- ment projects, is difficult to discover, because, under the ancient economy of the people, the sheep and their wool also are the exclusive property and responsibility of the women. They usually are tended by the children, but the women, shear, card, spin and weave the wool and trade the finished prod- uct for groceries. The horses are the responsibility of the men—a holdover from the old days of raiding. (Copyright. 1936. by The Evening Star Newspaper Co.) with the duty of broadcasting through- | Charleston, 8. 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