Evening Star Newspaper, July 12, 1936, Page 4

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON. D. C, JULY 12, 193—PART ONE. ADVERTISING AUTHORITY PREDICTS PROSPERITY “Depression Is Over,” Asserts Wanamaker Aide—News- paper Media Praised. By theé Associated Press. ATLANTIC CITY, July 11—The United States is on the verge of “the greatest era of prosperity in the his- tory of the world,” the Interstate As- tising expert of John Wanamaker's Philadelphia store. “The depression is over,” De Luca told the delegates, representing 50 dally . newspapers in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Delaware, “and people realize that everything needs replacement—cjothin Jutomo- biles, houses—everything. The domi- nant desire today, more than ever before in recent years, is to buy.” He sald newspapers are the best means of advertising and “if is your BATTLES DESERT 4 DAYS Boy, 11, Finds Way Out of Ne- vada's Wastes. CEDARVILLE Calif., July 11 (#) — Lost four days in Nevada's heat- parched desert, Bud Spalding, 11, of Berkeley, Calif., found his way out to- day and was taken to the home of his uncle, Zetus Spalding. The boy's con- dition was satisfactory. Losing his way (1S GROUP STUDIES C0-0PS IN BRITAIN Societies Have 7,000,000 Members After 90 Years Dust Storms and Floods: Earth’s Major Enemies The Story of the Complete Devastation of 50,000,000 Acres of Arable Land and the Note: This is the last in & series of siz articles on duststorms and floods. BY CHARLES NORMAN, of Growth. By the Ascoctated Press. NDON, July 11.—President Roose- velf's special commission finished a twp-day preliminary study of the Brit- ish co-operative movement and an- nounced tonight it will leave tomor- row for Sweden, to return later for an exhaustive survey. The British co-operative system, ad- mittedly phenomenal in its growth, and which has pread into wide flelds of economic, social, educational and recreational endeavor, will engage the further attention of the three-man * commission when it returns in mid- August. ‘The members are Jacob Baker, as- sistant W. P. A. administrator; Leland Olds, secretary of the New York Pow- er Authority, and Charles E. Stuart, engineer. Between one-third and one-half of the families in Britain, officials of the movement assert, now share in the system, with its factories, mills, | shipping interests, thousands of retail stores and elaborate distribution or- ganization. Housewives Get Dividends. Hundreds of thousands of British bousewives, they say, go daily into co- operative stores, collect their purchase tickets and receive quarterly dividends, which average up to 50 cents on each $5 worth of merchandise purchased. Co-operative leaders bring forth sta- tistics to prove the tremendous growth of the co-operatives over more than a 90-year period, starting with a hum- ble shop in Lancashire, to start which member - owners each subscribed 4 cents weekly over a period of two years. At the end of 1934, according to these latest available statistics, there were 1,135 retail co-operative societies in Great Britain and Ireland with a total membership of 7,202,721 indi- viduals. Sales in stores operated by these so- cieties totaled approximately $1,035,- 074,045, while share and loan capital No less than 200,496 employes were paid $130,883,- came to $797,894,415. 225 in salaries during 1934. Further Expansion Planned. Now, with a new 10-year plan in|to the sea. Correcting this evil is Associated Press Staff Writer. MERICA is waging an offensive and a defensive war against floods. Soil conservetion and for- estry projects attack the flood at its source, before it becomes a flood— “Flood control at the grass roots,” Secretary Wallace calls it. Levees, floodways and the other protective devices of engineers represent the| defensive. { More dramatic is the work of en- gineers: They reinforce caving banks by ‘“revetments’—concrete, wire or willow matting to prevent scouring ow. of the underwater base; they bulld floodways to divert portions of flood discharges into uninhabited, unculti- vated areas: on small rivers they build valley-detention basins and headwater | reservoirs for temporary storage at flood peaks; they straighten channels | to speed the rush of water through danger zones; they dredge silt from | main channels, drive piles to keep the channel from spreading and becoming shallow. Kinship With the Tide. The people who live in river towns have kinship with the tide that sweeps by. In the season of heavy rains they troop down to the river- side. They note the successive stages of the water, compare previous flood stages. What the river does is part of their destiny. “Flood stage” means the natural bank of the river. It does not always mean floods, for levees go higher than the river bank. But at “flood stage” men patrol the levees night and day, watching for a sign of weakness in the wall. Skilled protectors of life and prop- erty are the engineers. Ask the people of Portsmouth, Ohio, who saw the sullen high waters of the Ohio River glide harmlessly past their town, held off by a 60-foot wall; or the people of Cairo, Ill, at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi, who were safe behind their 60-foot levee. Yet much damage occurs even when | the rivers stay in their bulwarked | banks. This damage is water erosion, eating and wearing away the _wxl, letting the needed water flow swiftly Dead land. An air view showing the results of erosion in the Navajo country of Northeastern New Mezico. A rare picture of a widespread condition. one-thirtieth that from completely denuded land. Rain on a fire-swept watershed near Los Angeles in 1934 brought down thousands of tons of debris; yet the forest service found the run-off from | the same rain on neighboring wooded | hills was “confined to clear water,” which caused no serious damage. F. A. Silcox, chief of the United States Forest Service, sees two steps | essential in a national program of flood prevention: “Prompt public acquisition and re- habilitation of forest lands in critical watershed areas. | “Working out with private land- | owners of co-operative processes that | will prevent further despoilation of ration and,improvement of watershed areas already denuded.” Little Waters Studied. | In addition, the soil conservationists | center their attention on the Nation's * timber land and bring about the resto- | | sociation of Advertising Managers was told today by Romolo de Luca, adver- duty as advertising managers to con- : while taking a short cut through th tribute an fmportant part in the cre- atlon of new ideas of merchandising. hills, he wandered in a circle for four scorching days and freezing nights SHOP AT Gzorgos A STORE NEAR YOUR HOME George’s 1S WASHINGTON’S ONLY “EXCLUSIVE RADIO ORGANIZATION FOR THE SALE OF FRIGIDAIRE T, operation, the co-operative movement | the unspectacular task of the soil is taking new steps in expansion of its | conservationists. activities, largely in the matter of in- Effect Is Immediate. soil, rivulets, creeks, headwater creasing membership. The United States Forest Service | streams, ponds, small lakes. The retail societies are but a part of | conducting watershed studies and| “In the aggregate” says the soil the system, which includes three large | experiments in the field, found “im- |conservation service, “these little wholesale societies in England, Scot- | mediate and marked beneficial effect” | waters are of immense importance land and Ireland, & co-operative union | from forest cover in the regulation of | They create the big rivers and lakes. which has centralized authority in |streamflow. In addition, it reports | As they are controlled and made to dealing with the social, educational |streams in forested areas ran cleer, | behave, so in considerable measure and legal side of the movement, and |did not carry away the soil. | will the tributaries of big rivers be & number of more or less affiliated so- At Columbus, Ohio, its tests showed | controlled and made to behave.” “little waters"—rainfall, water in the A scar in the fact of the earth, a gully near Chaseburg, The check dams represent man’s healing hand applied to —A. P. Photos. Wis. a common earth wound. cieties. Banking, operation of a newspaper and an insurance society also are em- braced. In 1844 twenty-eight men be- gan the little store in Rochdale, Lan- cashire, with a capital of $140, and took turns serving back of the counter. Struggling upward through the worst years of the industrial revolution, the movement established itself, and today is regarded by its adherents as no longer an experiment but a proven method of distribution to the con- sumer. After visiting Sweden the commis- sion will study the results of move- ments in PFinland, Denmark, Czecho- slovakia, Switzerland, France and Ire- land. Drought (Continued From First Page.) ishing heat for the Nation's crop was 11 cents. July and September wheat closed at $1.04%%. Crops Have Chance. The hint of an answer to their sup- plications for rain was most important to the corn belt farmers. Their crop, already damaged in spots, still has a good chance if moisture comes within the next few days. That event would also provide the final answer to Secretary Wallace's recent intimation that the magnitude of 1936’s drought as compared with the 1934's . devastating visitation would be disclosed by conditions at the end of a three-week period, wind- ing up around July 22. In the meantime, the Federal aid program for relief of drought suf- ferers moved on. The first week of its operation in North Dakota, one of the most severely hit States, found 4,000 cropless farmers enlisted in W. P. A. projects. In Birmingham, Ala., Resettlement Administrator Rexford G. Tugwell es- timated 50,000 farm families of Geor- gia, Alabama and South Carolina were destitute from the drought. He said his agency expected to make direct emergency grants of approximately $15 monthly per family to half of the number. “President Roosevelt does not in- tend to allow any drought-stricken family to go in want,” he declared. Relief for South. Forecasts brought some encourage- ment that the extended drought and sultry spell in the South might be broken by the middle of next week. But femperatures in Baltimore and ‘Washington rose rapidly toward the 100 mark. Across a sun-blazed stretch from Dixie, Canada also counted its heat fatalities at near 100. The mercury continued to climb, though cooling plete a varied weather picture. forest soil absorbs 50 times as much water as agricultural soil, and has a rains. At the Appalachian experiment sta- tion, Asheville, N. C., flood water from 8 forested square mile was less than one-tenth that from abandoned flelds, greater capacity to absorb pmmcud‘ | Their conclusion is: There is no| | reservoir in the world as big as the earth—forest lands, vegetation, grass, humus—absorbing rain water, storing moisture in the soil, letting torrential | | rains off gradually. | In 141 small watershed areas of 41 | | States they are co-operating with | | gullies. farmers—taking steep, eroded fields out of crops, putting them into trees, grass, pasture, to restore absorptive mats of vegetation, building check-dams in C. C. C. camps supply the manpower for many of these projects. There is a two-fold gain—retarda- ae ‘!mm of run-off, storage of moisture for | plant and animal life. “Erosion prevention” says the De- | partment of Agriculture “cannot elimi- | nate high water, but it can often mean the difference between high water and destructive floods.” showers fell on western prairie prov- inces. Across the border, Montans re- ceived a general rain, but insufficient to wipe out more than $6,000,000 crop losses already chalked up against the drought. The forecast was hearten- ing, however: More rains. The cooler temperatures in sections of Colorado were accompanied not only by showers but by snow. The snowstorm was on Pike's Peak to the accompaniment of freezing-mark tem- peratures. A duststorm blew in the southeastern part of the State to com- Forest Fire Conquered. Forest fire fighters in the Sundance, Wyo., area claimed victory in battle with a stubborn blaze at Bear Lodge Forest. Other timberland blazes were under control in the Hiawatha Na- tional Forest in Michigan and flame | hazards were lessened by showers in | Arizona. There were cooling showers at Ben- ton Harbor, Kalamazoo, and Grand Rapids, Mich.; Madison, Wis.; in the Middle and Eastern Ohio Valley, along the Iowa-Minnesota border, and in Tennessee, Mississippl, Maryland, Vir- | ginia, Delaware, New England and New York. But damage reports and health warnings multiplied. Relief Director George H. Goodman of Kentucky ap- pealed for Government help, saying the drought had extended into 80 of the 120 counties of the Blue Grass State and that it was “extremely serious.” New Jersey truck croppers faced heavy losses. The Richfield Grange esti- mated the northern section would be damaged $250,000. Crop damage re- ports were “rolling in,” the Michigan State Agricultural College announced, as steaming heat persisted. Indiana authorities warned against | By the Associated Press. birds in Missouri because of dried upl streams and ponds. Fresh fears of water shortage were voiced in New York and milk, most sensitive of pantry supples to the drought, appeared due for a rise in| New York and Chicago. Threats of a shortage of milk were still evident in many other communi- ties with pastures gone. 'WATERFOWL L0SS IN DROUGHT HIGH| Biological Survey Reports Situa- tion Critical in Some Sections. After checking late reports from the drought areas, the Biological Sur- vey said yesterday the waterfowl sit- uation was “critical” and n some States losses of birds were expected to be as great or greater than during the sereve 1934 drought. Thousands of wild ducks in the affected portions of the Great Plains, | been destroyed, refuges established by the Biological Survey. . Left behind at dried potholes and small lskes are the bodies of young ducks, the survey said. Some died in their nests and others perished while traveling overland with the adult birds in search of food and water. Rescue operations, the transferring of young birds from the dry or drying areas to country where water is plen- tiful, is being carried on by sports- men and game officials in North Dakota. Survey authorities said they feared many of the late broods in the drought area would perish. Much of the nat- | ural cover for ducks, reports said, has | and under severe | drought conditions young ducks com- monly die in a few days. The drought area includes extensive nesting areas of pintails, scaups, spoonbills, mal- lards, teal, canvasbacks, redheads and other species. The survey said it was particularly concerned over the fate of the red- heads, canvasbacks and other diving ducks. Fire Chief Starts Blaze. PIERRE, S. Dak. July 11 (®.— particularly in the Dakotas, were re- ported to be flocking into the Northern the possibilities of food being tainted under the abnormally high tempera- tures prevailing. Kentucky health officers organized & State-wide cam- paign against typhoid fever and an- nounced that outbreaks of dysentery had occurred in some localities. Thousands of Prostrations, At Joplin, Mo., four members of War Veterans’ Drum Corps fainted during contests at the State encampment in 90-degree heat. There were thou- sands of other prostrations over the country. - New prayers for rain were urged in parched South Dakota, where the en- tire town of Mitchell held civic orisons. Boy Scouts and 4-H club members were urged to help water animals and Magic Brain—Magic Eye Radio Metal Tubes RCA VICTOR RADIO RADIO AND PHONOGRAPH COMBINATION PRICE $99.95 Trade in your glass tube radio while it still has value. $1 WEEK BUYS 0 Street Corner 15 N\ Here is one fire chief who made the mistake of starting a fire instead of "Oaf putting it out. He is John G. Blum. 54, Lebanon fire chief, who, W. J. 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